Annotation of html5/spec/syntax.html, revision 1.84
1.2 mike 1: <!DOCTYPE HTML>
1.12 mike 2: <html lang="en-US-x-Hixie"><head><title>9 The HTML syntax — HTML 5</title><style type="text/css">
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1.2 mike 173: </style><link href="data:text/css," rel="stylesheet" title="Complete specification"><link href="data:text/css,.impl%20%7B%20display:%20none;%20%7D" rel="alternate stylesheet" title="Author documentation only"><link href="data:text/css,.impl%20%7B%20background:%20%23FFEEEE;%20%7D" rel="alternate stylesheet" title="Highlight implementation requirements"><link href="http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/W3C-ED" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><!-- ZZZ ED vs WD -->
174: <script src="link-fixup.js"></script>
175: <link href="comms.html" title="8 Communication" rel="prev">
176: <link href="spec.html#contents" title="Table of contents" rel="index">
1.1 mike 177: <link href="named-character-references.html" title="9.6 Named character references" rel="next">
1.16 mike 178: </head><body onload="fixBrokenLink(); fixBrokenLink()"><div class="head">
1.1 mike 179: <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>
1.4 mike 180: <h1>HTML 5</h1>
1.1 mike 181: <h2 class="no-num no-toc" id="a-vocabulary-and-associated-apis-for-html-and-xhtml">A vocabulary and associated APIs for HTML and XHTML</h2>
1.2 mike 182: </div><nav>
1.1 mike 183: <a href="comms.html">← 8 Communication</a> –
1.2 mike 184: <a href="spec.html#contents">Table of contents</a> –
1.1 mike 185: <a href="named-character-references.html">9.6 Named character references →</a>
1.84 ! mike 186: </nav><p>This is revision 1.2746.</p>
1.11 mike 187:
1.1 mike 188:
1.83 mike 189: <h2 id="syntax"><span class="secno">9 </span><dfn>The HTML syntax</dfn></h2><p class="note">This section only describes the rules for
190: <code><a href="iana-considerations.html#text-html">text/html</a></code> resources. Rules for XML resources are
1.1 mike 191: discussed in the section below entitled "<a href="the-xhtml-syntax.html#the-xhtml-syntax">The XHTML
192: syntax</a>".</p><h3 id="writing"><span class="secno">9.1 </span>Writing HTML documents</h3><div class="impl">
193:
194: <p><i>This section only applies to documents, authoring tools, and
195: markup generators. In particular, it does not apply to conformance
196: checkers; conformance checkers must use the requirements given in
197: the next section ("parsing HTML documents").</i></p>
198:
199: </div><p>Documents must consist of the following parts, in the given
200: order:</p><ol><li>Optionally, a single U+FEFF BYTE ORDER MARK (BOM) character.</li>
201:
202: <li>Any number of <a href="#syntax-comments" title="syntax-comments">comments</a> and
203: <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character" title="space character">space characters</a>.</li>
204:
205: <li>A <a href="#syntax-doctype" title="syntax-doctype">DOCTYPE</a>.
206:
207: </li><li>Any number of <a href="#syntax-comments" title="syntax-comments">comments</a> and
208: <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character" title="space character">space characters</a>.</li>
209:
210: <li>The root element, in the form of an <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code> <a href="#syntax-elements" title="syntax-elements">element</a>.</li>
211:
212: <li>Any number of <a href="#syntax-comments" title="syntax-comments">comments</a> and
213: <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character" title="space character">space characters</a>.</li>
214:
215: </ol><p>The various types of content mentioned above are described in the
216: next few sections.</p><p>In addition, there are some restrictions on how <a href="semantics.html#character-encoding-declaration" title="character encoding declaration">character encoding
217: declarations</a> are to be serialized, as discussed in the
218: section on that topic.</p><div class="note">
219:
220: <p>Space characters before the root <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code> element, and
221: space characters at the start of the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code> element and
222: before the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element">head</a></code> element, will be dropped when the
223: document is parsed; space characters <em>after</em> the root
224: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code> element will be parsed as if they were at the end
225: of the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element">body</a></code> element. Thus, space characters around the
226: root element do not round-trip.</p>
227:
228: <p>It is suggested that newlines be inserted after the DOCTYPE,
229: after any comments that are before the root element, after the
230: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code> element's start tag (if it is not <a href="#syntax-tag-omission" title="syntax-tag-omission">omitted</a>), and after any comments
231: that are inside the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code> element but before the
232: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element">head</a></code> element.</p>
233:
234: </div><p>Many strings in the HTML syntax (e.g. the names of elements and
235: their attributes) are case-insensitive, but only for characters in
236: the ranges U+0041 .. U+005A (LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A to LATIN CAPITAL
237: LETTER Z) and U+0061 .. U+007A (LATIN SMALL LETTER A to LATIN SMALL
238: LETTER Z). For convenience, in this section this is just referred to
239: as "case-insensitive".</p><h4 id="the-doctype"><span class="secno">9.1.1 </span>The DOCTYPE</h4><p>A <dfn id="syntax-doctype" title="syntax-doctype">DOCTYPE</dfn> is a mostly useless,
240: but required, header.</p><p class="note">DOCTYPEs are required for legacy reasons. When
241: omitted, browsers tend to use a different rendering mode that is
242: incompatible with some specifications. Including the DOCTYPE in a
243: document ensures that the browser makes a best-effort attempt at
244: following the relevant specifications.</p><p>A DOCTYPE must consist of the following characters, in this
245: order:</p><ol class="brief"><li>A U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN (<code><</code>) character.</li>
246: <li>A U+0021 EXCLAMATION MARK (<code>!</code>) character.</li>
247: <li>A string that is an <a href="infrastructure.html#ascii-case-insensitive">ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">DOCTYPE</code>".</li>
248: <li>One or more <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character" title="space character">space characters</a>.</li>
249: <li>A string that is an <a href="infrastructure.html#ascii-case-insensitive">ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">HTML</code>".</li>
250: <li>Optionally, a <a href="#doctype-legacy-string">DOCTYPE legacy string</a> (defined below).</li>
251: <li>Zero or more <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character" title="space character">space characters</a>.</li>
252: <li>A U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (<code>></code>) character.</li>
253: </ol><p class="note">In other words, <code><!DOCTYPE HTML></code>,
254: case-insensitively.</p><p>For the purposes of HTML generators that cannot output HTML
255: markup with the short DOCTYPE "<code title=""><!DOCTYPE
256: HTML></code>", a <dfn id="doctype-legacy-string">DOCTYPE legacy string</dfn> may be inserted
257: into the DOCTYPE (in the position defined above). This string must
258: consist of:</p><ol class="brief"><li>One or more <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character" title="space character">space characters</a>.</li>
259: <li>A string that is an <a href="infrastructure.html#ascii-case-insensitive">ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">SYSTEM</code>".</li>
260: <li>One or more <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character" title="space character">space characters</a>.</li>
261: <li>A U+0022 QUOTATION MARK or U+0027 APOSTROPHE character (the <i>quote mark</i>).</li>
262: <li>The literal string "<code title="">about:legacy-compat</code>".</li>
263: <li>A matching U+0022 QUOTATION MARK or U+0027 APOSTROPHE character (i.e. the same character as in the earlier step marked <i>quote mark</i>).</li>
264: </ol><p class="note">In other words, <code><!DOCTYPE HTML SYSTEM
265: "about:legacy-compat"></code> or <code><!DOCTYPE HTML SYSTEM
266: 'about:legacy-compat'></code>, case-insensitively except for the bit
267: in quotes.</p><p>The <a href="#doctype-legacy-string">DOCTYPE legacy string</a> should not be used unless
268: the document is generated from a system that cannot output the
269: shorter string.</p><h4 id="elements-0"><span class="secno">9.1.2 </span>Elements</h4><p>There are five different kinds of <dfn id="syntax-elements" title="syntax-elements">elements</dfn>: void elements, CDATA
270: elements, RCDATA elements, foreign elements, and normal
271: elements.</p><dl><dt><dfn id="void-elements">Void elements</dfn></dt>
272:
273: <dd><code><a href="the-canvas-element.html#the-area-element">area</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-base-element">base</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-br-element">br</a></code>,
274: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-col-element">col</a></code>, <code><a href="interactive-elements.html#the-command">command</a></code>, <code><a href="embedded-content-0.html#the-embed-element">embed</a></code>,
275: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-hr-element">hr</a></code>, <code><a href="embedded-content-0.html#the-img-element">img</a></code>, <code><a href="forms.html#the-input-element">input</a></code>,
276: <code><a href="forms.html#the-keygen-element">keygen</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-link-element">link</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#meta">meta</a></code>,
277: <code><a href="embedded-content-0.html#the-param-element">param</a></code>, <code><a href="video.html#the-source-element">source</a></code></dd>
278:
279: <dt>CDATA elements</dt>
280:
281: <dd><code><a href="semantics.html#script">script</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-style-element">style</a></code></dd> <!-- iframe and
282: noscript don't count as CDATA for syntax purposes -->
283:
284: <dt>RCDATA elements</dt>
285:
286: <dd><code><a href="forms.html#the-textarea-element">textarea</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-title-element">title</a></code></dd>
287:
288: <dt>Foreign elements</dt>
289:
290: <dd>Elements from the <a href="#mathml-namespace">MathML namespace</a>
291: and the <a href="#svg-namespace">SVG namespace</a>.</dd>
292:
293: <dt>Normal elements</dt>
294:
295: <dd>All other allowed <a href="infrastructure.html#html-elements">HTML elements</a> are normal
296: elements.</dd>
297:
298: </dl><p><dfn id="syntax-tags" title="syntax-tags">Tags</dfn> are used to delimit the start
299: and end of elements in the markup. CDATA, RCDATA, and normal
300: elements have a <a href="#syntax-start-tag" title="syntax-start-tag">start tag</a> to
301: indicate where they begin, and an <a href="#syntax-end-tag" title="syntax-end-tag">end
302: tag</a> to indicate where they end. The start and end tags of
303: certain normal elements can be <a href="#syntax-tag-omission" title="syntax-tag-omission">omitted</a>, as described
304: later. Those that cannot be omitted must not be omitted. <a href="#void-elements">Void
305: elements</a> only have a start tag; end tags must not be
306: specified for void elements. Foreign elements must either have a
307: start tag and an end tag, or a start tag that is marked as
308: self-closing, in which case they must not have an end tag.</p><p>The contents of the element must be placed between just after the
309: start tag (which <a href="#syntax-tag-omission" title="syntax-tag-omission">might be implied,
310: in certain cases</a>) and just before the end tag (which again,
311: <a href="#syntax-tag-omission" title="syntax-tag-omission">might be implied in certain
312: cases</a>). The exact allowed contents of each individual element
313: depends on the content model of that element, as described earlier
314: in this specification. Elements must not contain content that their
315: content model disallows. In addition to the restrictions placed on
316: the contents by those content models, however, the five types of
317: elements have additional <em>syntactic</em> requirements.</p><p><a href="#void-elements">Void elements</a> can't have any contents (since there's
318: no end tag, no content can be put between the start tag and the end
319: tag).</p><p>CDATA elements can have <a href="#syntax-text" title="syntax-text">text</a>,
320: though it has <a href="#cdata-rcdata-restrictions">restrictions</a>
321: described below.</p><p>RCDATA elements can have <a href="#syntax-text" title="syntax-text">text</a>
322: and <a href="#syntax-charref" title="syntax-charref">character references</a>, but
323: the text must not contain an <a href="#syntax-ambiguous-ampersand" title="syntax-ambiguous-ampersand">ambiguous ampersand</a>.
324: There are also <a href="#cdata-rcdata-restrictions">further
325: restrictions</a> described below.</p><p>Foreign elements whose start tag is marked as self-closing can't
326: have any contents (since, again, as there's no end tag, no content
327: can be put between the start tag and the end tag). Foreign elements
328: whose start tag is <em>not</em> marked as self-closing can have
329: <a href="#syntax-text" title="syntax-text">text</a>, <a href="#syntax-charref" title="syntax-charref">character references</a>, <a href="#syntax-cdata" title="syntax-cdata">CDATA sections</a>, other <a href="#syntax-elements" title="syntax-elements">elements</a>, and <a href="#syntax-comments" title="syntax-comments">comments</a>, but the text must not
330: contain the character U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN (<code><</code>) or
331: an <a href="#syntax-ambiguous-ampersand" title="syntax-ambiguous-ampersand">ambiguous
332: ampersand</a>.</p><p>Normal elements can have <a href="#syntax-text" title="syntax-text">text</a>,
333: <a href="#syntax-charref" title="syntax-charref">character references</a>, other
334: <a href="#syntax-elements" title="syntax-elements">elements</a>, and <a href="#syntax-comments" title="syntax-comments">comments</a>, but the text must not
335: contain the character U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN (<code><</code>) or
336: an <a href="#syntax-ambiguous-ampersand" title="syntax-ambiguous-ampersand">ambiguous
337: ampersand</a>. Some normal elements also have <a href="#element-restrictions">yet more restrictions</a> on what
338: content they are allowed to hold, beyond the restrictions imposed by
339: the content model and those described in this paragraph. Those
340: restrictions are described below.</p><p>Tags contain a <dfn id="syntax-tag-name" title="syntax-tag-name">tag name</dfn>,
341: giving the element's name. HTML elements all have names that only
342: use characters in the range U+0030 DIGIT ZERO .. U+0039 DIGIT NINE,
343: U+0061 LATIN SMALL LETTER A .. U+007A LATIN SMALL LETTER Z, U+0041
344: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A .. U+005A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z, and U+002D
345: HYPHEN-MINUS (<code>-</code>). In the HTML syntax, tag names may be
346: written with any mix of lower- and uppercase letters that, when
347: converted to all-lowercase, matches the element's tag name; tag
348: names are case-insensitive.</p><h5 id="start-tags"><span class="secno">9.1.2.1 </span>Start tags</h5><p><dfn id="syntax-start-tag" title="syntax-start-tag">Start tags</dfn> must have the
349: following format:</p><ol><li>The first character of a start tag must be a U+003C LESS-THAN
350: SIGN (<code><</code>).</li>
351:
352: <li>The next few characters of a start tag must be the element's
353: <a href="#syntax-tag-name" title="syntax-tag-name">tag name</a>.</li>
354:
355: <li>If there are to be any attributes in the next step, there must
356: first be one or more <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character" title="space character">space
357: characters</a>.</li>
358:
359: <li>Then, the start tag may have a number of attributes, the <a href="#syntax-attributes" title="syntax-attributes">syntax for which</a> is described
360: below. Attributes may be separated from each other by one or more
361: <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character" title="space character">space characters</a>.</li>
362:
363: <li>After the attributes, there may be one or more <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character" title="space character">space characters</a>. (Some attributes
364: are required to be followed by a space. See the <a href="#syntax-attributes" title="syntax-attributes">attributes section</a> below.)</li>
365:
366: <li>Then, if the element is one of the <a href="#void-elements">void elements</a>,
367: or if the element is a foreign element, then there may be a single
368: U+002F SOLIDUS (<code>/</code>) character. This character has no
369: effect on void elements, but on foreign elements it marks the start
370: tag as self-closing.</li>
371:
372: <li>Finally, start tags must be closed by a U+003E GREATER-THAN
373: SIGN (<code>></code>) character.</li>
374:
375: </ol><h5 id="end-tags"><span class="secno">9.1.2.2 </span>End tags</h5><p><dfn id="syntax-end-tag" title="syntax-end-tag">End tags</dfn> must have the
376: following format:</p><ol><li>The first character of an end tag must be a U+003C LESS-THAN
377: SIGN (<code><</code>).</li>
378:
379: <li>The second character of an end tag must be a U+002F SOLIDUS
380: (<code>/</code>).</li>
381:
382: <li>The next few characters of an end tag must be the element's
383: <a href="#syntax-tag-name" title="syntax-tag-name">tag name</a>.</li>
384:
385: <li>After the tag name, there may be one or more <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character" title="space
386: character">space characters</a>.</li>
387:
388: <li>Finally, end tags must be closed by a U+003E GREATER-THAN
389: SIGN (<code>></code>) character.</li>
390:
391: </ol><h5 id="attributes"><span class="secno">9.1.2.3 </span>Attributes</h5><p><dfn id="syntax-attributes" title="syntax-attributes">Attributes</dfn> for an element
392: are expressed inside the element's start tag.</p><p>Attributes have a name and a value. <dfn id="syntax-attribute-name" title="syntax-attribute-name">Attribute names</dfn> must consist of
393: one or more characters other than the <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character" title="space
394: character">space characters</a>, U+0000 NULL, U+0022 QUOTATION
395: MARK ("), U+0027 APOSTROPHE ('), U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN
396: (>), U+002F SOLIDUS (/), and U+003D EQUALS SIGN (=) characters,
397: the control characters, and any characters that are not defined by
398: Unicode. In the HTML syntax, attribute names may be written with any
399: mix of lower- and uppercase letters that are an <a href="infrastructure.html#ascii-case-insensitive">ASCII
400: case-insensitive</a> match for the attribute's name.</p><p><dfn id="syntax-attribute-value" title="syntax-attribute-value">Attribute values</dfn> are a
401: mixture of <a href="#syntax-text" title="syntax-text">text</a> and <a href="#syntax-charref" title="syntax-charref">character references</a>, except with the
402: additional restriction that the text cannot contain an <a href="#syntax-ambiguous-ampersand" title="syntax-ambiguous-ampersand">ambiguous ampersand</a>.</p><p>Attributes can be specified in four different ways:</p><dl><dt>Empty attribute syntax</dt>
403:
404: <dd>
405:
406: <p>Just the <a href="#syntax-attribute-name" title="syntax-attribute-name">attribute
407: name</a>.</p>
408:
409: <div class="example">
410:
411: <p>In the following example, the <code title="attr-fe-disabled"><a href="forms.html#attr-fe-disabled">disabled</a></code> attribute is given with
412: the empty attribute syntax:</p>
413:
414: <pre><input <em>disabled</em>></pre>
415:
416: </div>
417:
418: <p>If an attribute using the empty attribute syntax is to be
419: followed by another attribute, then there must be a <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character">space
420: character</a> separating the two.</p>
421:
422: </dd>
423:
1.2 mike 424: <dt id="unquoted">Unquoted attribute value syntax</dt>
1.1 mike 425:
426: <dd>
427:
428: <p>The <a href="#syntax-attribute-name" title="syntax-attribute-name">attribute name</a>,
429: followed by zero or more <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character" title="space character">space
430: characters</a>, followed by a single U+003D EQUALS SIGN
431: character, followed by zero or more <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character" title="space
432: character">space characters</a>, followed by the <a href="#syntax-attribute-value" title="syntax-attribute-value">attribute value</a>, which, in
433: addition to the requirements given above for attribute values,
434: must not contain any literal <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character" title="space character">space
435: characters</a>, any U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (<code>"</code>)
436: characters, U+0027 APOSTROPHE (<code>'</code>) characters,
437: U+003D EQUALS SIGN (<code>=</code>) characters, U+003C LESS-THAN
438: SIGN (<code><</code>) characters, or U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN
439: (<code>></code>) characters, and must not be the empty
440: string.</p>
441:
442: <div class="example">
443:
444: <p>In the following example, the <code title="attr-input-value"><a href="forms.html#attr-input-value">value</a></code> attribute is given
445: with the unquoted attribute value syntax:</p>
446:
447: <pre><input <em>value=yes</em>></pre>
448:
449: </div>
450:
451: <p>If an attribute using the unquoted attribute syntax is to be
452: followed by another attribute or by one of the optional U+002F
453: SOLIDUS (<code>/</code>) characters allowed in step 6 of the <a href="#syntax-start-tag" title="syntax-start-tag">start tag</a> syntax above, then there
454: must be a <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character">space character</a> separating the two.</p>
455:
456: </dd>
457:
458: <dt>Single-quoted attribute value syntax</dt>
459:
460: <dd>
461:
462: <p>The <a href="#syntax-attribute-name" title="syntax-attribute-name">attribute name</a>,
463: followed by zero or more <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character" title="space character">space
464: characters</a>, followed by a single U+003D EQUALS SIGN
465: character, followed by zero or more <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character" title="space
466: character">space characters</a>, followed by a single U+0027
467: APOSTROPHE (<code>'</code>) character, followed by the <a href="#syntax-attribute-value" title="syntax-attribute-value">attribute value</a>, which, in
468: addition to the requirements given above for attribute values,
469: must not contain any literal U+0027 APOSTROPHE (<code>'</code>)
470: characters, and finally followed by a second single U+0027
471: APOSTROPHE (<code>'</code>) character.</p>
472:
473: <div class="example">
474:
475: <p>In the following example, the <code title="attr-input-type"><a href="forms.html#attr-input-type">type</a></code> attribute is given with the
476: single-quoted attribute value syntax:</p>
477:
478: <pre><input <em>type='checkbox'</em>></pre>
479:
480: </div>
481:
482: <p>If an attribute using the single-quoted attribute syntax is to
483: be followed by another attribute, then there must be a <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character">space
484: character</a> separating the two.</p>
485:
486: </dd>
487:
488: <dt>Double-quoted attribute value syntax</dt>
489:
490: <dd>
491:
492: <p>The <a href="#syntax-attribute-name" title="syntax-attribute-name">attribute name</a>,
493: followed by zero or more <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character" title="space character">space
494: characters</a>, followed by a single U+003D EQUALS SIGN
495: character, followed by zero or more <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character" title="space
496: character">space characters</a>, followed by a single U+0022
497: QUOTATION MARK (<code>"</code>) character, followed by the <a href="#syntax-attribute-value" title="syntax-attribute-value">attribute value</a>, which, in
498: addition to the requirements given above for attribute values,
499: must not contain any literal U+0022 QUOTATION MARK
500: (<code>"</code>) characters, and finally followed by a second
501: single U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (<code>"</code>) character.</p>
502:
503: <div class="example">
504:
505: <p>In the following example, the <code title="attr-fe-name"><a href="forms.html#attr-fe-name">name</a></code> attribute is given with the
506: double-quoted attribute value syntax:</p>
507:
508: <pre><input <em>name="be evil"</em>></pre>
509:
510: </div>
511:
512: <p>If an attribute using the double-quoted attribute syntax is to
513: be followed by another attribute, then there must be a <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character">space
514: character</a> separating the two.</p>
515:
516: </dd>
517:
518: </dl><p>There must never be two or more attributes on the same start tag
519: whose names are an <a href="infrastructure.html#ascii-case-insensitive">ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for
520: each other.</p><h5 id="optional-tags"><span class="secno">9.1.2.4 </span>Optional tags</h5><p>Certain tags can be <dfn id="syntax-tag-omission" title="syntax-tag-omission">omitted</dfn>.</p><p class="note">Omitting an element's <a href="#syntax-start-tag" title="syntax-start-tag">start tag</a> does not mean the element
521: is not present; it is implied, but it is still there. An HTML
522: document always has a root <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code> element, even if the
523: string <code title=""><html></code> doesn't appear anywhere in
524: the markup.</p><!-- <html> --><p>An <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code> element's <a href="#syntax-start-tag" title="syntax-start-tag">start tag</a> may be omitted if the
525: first thing inside the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code> element is not a <a href="#syntax-comments" title="syntax-comments">comment</a>.</p><!-- </html> --><p>An <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code> element's <a href="#syntax-end-tag" title="syntax-end-tag">end
526: tag</a> may be omitted if the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code> element is not
527: immediately followed by a <a href="#syntax-comments" title="syntax-comments">comment</a>.</p><!-- <head> --><p>A <code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element">head</a></code> element's <a href="#syntax-start-tag" title="syntax-start-tag">start tag</a> may be omitted <!--if the
528: element is empty, or--> if the first thing inside the
529: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element">head</a></code> element is an element.</p><!-- </head> --><p>A <code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element">head</a></code> element's <a href="#syntax-end-tag" title="syntax-end-tag">end
530: tag</a> may be omitted if the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element">head</a></code> element is not
531: immediately followed by a <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character">space character</a> or a <a href="#syntax-comments" title="syntax-comments">comment</a>.</p><!-- <body> --><p>A <code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element">body</a></code> element's <a href="#syntax-start-tag" title="syntax-start-tag">start tag</a> may be omitted if the
532: element is empty, or if the first thing inside the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element">body</a></code>
533: element is not a <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character">space character</a> or a <a href="#syntax-comments" title="syntax-comments">comment</a>, except if the first thing
534: inside the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element">body</a></code> element is a <code><a href="semantics.html#script">script</a></code> or
535: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-style-element">style</a></code> element. <!-- Note that even if the </head> end
536: tag is present, the parser makes <style> and <script> elements
537: between </head> and <body> end up in the <head> instead of implying
538: the <body> --></p><!-- </body> --><p>A <code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element">body</a></code> element's <a href="#syntax-end-tag" title="syntax-end-tag">end
539: tag</a> may be omitted if the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element">body</a></code> element is not
540: immediately followed by a <a href="#syntax-comments" title="syntax-comments">comment</a>.</p><!-- </li> --><p>A <code><a href="semantics.html#the-li-element">li</a></code> element's <a href="#syntax-end-tag" title="syntax-end-tag">end
541: tag</a> may be omitted if the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-li-element">li</a></code> element is
542: immediately followed by another <code><a href="semantics.html#the-li-element">li</a></code> element or if there
543: is no more content in the parent element.</p><!-- </dt> --><p>A <code><a href="semantics.html#the-dt-element">dt</a></code> element's <a href="#syntax-end-tag" title="syntax-end-tag">end
544: tag</a> may be omitted if the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-dt-element">dt</a></code> element is
545: immediately followed by another <code><a href="semantics.html#the-dt-element">dt</a></code> element or a
546: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-dd-element">dd</a></code> element.</p><!-- </dd> --><p>A <code><a href="semantics.html#the-dd-element">dd</a></code> element's <a href="#syntax-end-tag" title="syntax-end-tag">end
547: tag</a> may be omitted if the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-dd-element">dd</a></code> element is
548: immediately followed by another <code><a href="semantics.html#the-dd-element">dd</a></code> element or a
549: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-dt-element">dt</a></code> element, or if there is no more content in the
550: parent element.</p><!-- </p> --><p>A <code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code> element's <a href="#syntax-end-tag" title="syntax-end-tag">end
551: tag</a> may be omitted if the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code> element is
552: immediately followed by an <code><a href="semantics.html#the-address-element">address</a></code>,
553: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-article-element">article</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-aside-element">aside</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-blockquote-element">blockquote</a></code>,
1.5 mike 554: <code><a href="interactive-elements.html#datagrid">datagrid</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-dialog-element">dialog</a></code>, <code><a href="obsolete.html#dir">dir</a></code>,
1.1 mike 555: <code><a href="interactive-elements.html#the-div-element">div</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-dl-element">dl</a></code>, <code><a href="forms.html#the-fieldset-element">fieldset</a></code>,
556: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-footer-element">footer</a></code>, <code><a href="forms.html#the-form-element">form</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements">h1</a></code>,
557: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements">h2</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements">h3</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements">h4</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements">h5</a></code>,
558: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements">h6</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-header-element">header</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-hgroup-element">hgroup</a></code>,
559: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-hr-element">hr</a></code>, <code><a href="interactive-elements.html#menus">menu</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-nav-element">nav</a></code>,
560: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-ol-element">ol</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-pre-element">pre</a></code>,
561: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-section-element">section</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code>, or <code><a href="semantics.html#the-ul-element">ul</a></code>,
562: element, or if there is no more content in the parent element and
563: the parent element is not an <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-a-element">a</a></code> element.</p><!-- </rt> --><p>An <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-rt-element">rt</a></code> element's <a href="#syntax-end-tag" title="syntax-end-tag">end
564: tag</a> may be omitted if the <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-rt-element">rt</a></code> element is
565: immediately followed by an <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-rt-element">rt</a></code> or <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-rp-element">rp</a></code>
566: element, or if there is no more content in the parent element.</p><!-- </rp> --><p>An <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-rp-element">rp</a></code> element's <a href="#syntax-end-tag" title="syntax-end-tag">end
567: tag</a> may be omitted if the <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-rp-element">rp</a></code> element is
568: immediately followed by an <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-rt-element">rt</a></code> or <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-rp-element">rp</a></code>
569: element, or if there is no more content in the parent element.</p><!-- </optgroup> (the text assumes <optgroup> can only be inside a
570: <select>; commented out text below can handle the non-<select> case
571: if we ever allow it) --><p>An <code><a href="forms.html#the-optgroup-element">optgroup</a></code> element's <a href="#syntax-end-tag" title="syntax-end-tag">end tag</a> may be omitted if the
572: <code><a href="forms.html#the-optgroup-element">optgroup</a></code> element <!--has an ancestor
573: <code>select</code> element and--> is immediately followed by
574: another <code><a href="forms.html#the-optgroup-element">optgroup</a></code> element, or if <!--all of the elements
575: that are ancestors of the <code>optgroup</code> element, up to and
576: including the first ancestor element that is not an
577: <code>optgroup</code> element, have no more content--> there is no
578: more content in the parent element.</p><!-- so e.g. the max number of </optgroup>s are omitted here:
579: <select><optgroup></select>
580: <p id=x><optgroup></optgroup>x</p>
581: <p id=x><optgroup><optgroup></optgroup></optgroup>x</p>
582: <p><optgroup id=x><optgroup></optgroup>x</p>
583: <p><optgroup><optgroup id=x>x</p>
584: --><!-- </option> --><p>An <code><a href="forms.html#the-option-element">option</a></code> element's <a href="#syntax-end-tag" title="syntax-end-tag">end
585: tag</a> may be omitted if the <code><a href="forms.html#the-option-element">option</a></code> element is
586: immediately followed by another <code><a href="forms.html#the-option-element">option</a></code> element, or if
587: it is immediately followed by an <code><a href="forms.html#the-optgroup-element">optgroup</a></code> element, or
588: if there is no more content in the parent element.</p><!-- <colgroup> --><p>A <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-colgroup-element">colgroup</a></code> element's <a href="#syntax-start-tag" title="syntax-start-tag">start tag</a> may be omitted if the
589: first thing inside the <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-colgroup-element">colgroup</a></code> element is a
590: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-col-element">col</a></code> element, and if the element is not immediately
591: preceded by another <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-colgroup-element">colgroup</a></code> element whose <a href="#syntax-end-tag" title="syntax-end-tag">end tag</a> has been omitted. (It can't be
592: omitted if the element is empty.)</p><!-- </colgroup> --><p>A <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-colgroup-element">colgroup</a></code> element's <a href="#syntax-end-tag" title="syntax-end-tag">end tag</a> may be omitted if the
593: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-colgroup-element">colgroup</a></code> element is not immediately followed by a
594: <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character">space character</a> or a <a href="#syntax-comments" title="syntax-comments">comment</a>.</p><!-- </thead> --><p>A <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-thead-element">thead</a></code> element's <a href="#syntax-end-tag" title="syntax-end-tag">end
595: tag</a> may be omitted if the <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-thead-element">thead</a></code> element is
596: immediately followed by a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code> or <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tfoot-element">tfoot</a></code>
597: element.</p><!-- <tbody> --><p>A <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code> element's <a href="#syntax-start-tag" title="syntax-start-tag">start tag</a> may be omitted if the
598: first thing inside the <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code> element is a
599: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code> element, and if the element is not immediately
600: preceded by a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-thead-element">thead</a></code>, or
601: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tfoot-element">tfoot</a></code> element whose <a href="#syntax-end-tag" title="syntax-end-tag">end
602: tag</a> has been omitted. (It can't be omitted if the element is
603: empty.)</p><!-- </tbody> --><p>A <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code> element's <a href="#syntax-end-tag" title="syntax-end-tag">end
604: tag</a> may be omitted if the <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code> element is
605: immediately followed by a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code> or <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tfoot-element">tfoot</a></code>
606: element, or if there is no more content in the parent element.</p><!-- </tfoot> --><p>A <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tfoot-element">tfoot</a></code> element's <a href="#syntax-end-tag" title="syntax-end-tag">end
607: tag</a> may be omitted if the <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tfoot-element">tfoot</a></code> element is
608: immediately followed by a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code> element, or if there is
609: no more content in the parent element.</p><!-- </tr> --><p>A <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code> element's <a href="#syntax-end-tag" title="syntax-end-tag">end
610: tag</a> may be omitted if the <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code> element is
611: immediately followed by another <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code> element, or if there
612: is no more content in the parent element.</p><!-- </td> --><p>A <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-td-element">td</a></code> element's <a href="#syntax-end-tag" title="syntax-end-tag">end
613: tag</a> may be omitted if the <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-td-element">td</a></code> element is
614: immediately followed by a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-td-element">td</a></code> or <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-th-element">th</a></code>
615: element, or if there is no more content in the parent element.</p><!-- </th> --><p>A <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-th-element">th</a></code> element's <a href="#syntax-end-tag" title="syntax-end-tag">end
616: tag</a> may be omitted if the <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-th-element">th</a></code> element is
617: immediately followed by a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-td-element">td</a></code> or <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-th-element">th</a></code>
618: element, or if there is no more content in the parent element.</p><p><strong>However</strong>, a <a href="#syntax-start-tag" title="syntax-start-tag">start
619: tag</a> must never be omitted if it has any attributes.</p><h5 id="element-restrictions"><span class="secno">9.1.2.5 </span>Restrictions on content models</h5><p>For historical reasons, certain elements have extra restrictions
620: beyond even the restrictions given by their content model.</p><p>A <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code> element must not contain <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code>
621: elements, even though these elements are technically allowed inside
622: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code> elements according to the content models
623: described in this specification. (If a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code> element is
624: put inside a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code> in the markup, it will in fact imply
625: a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code> start tag before it.)</p><p>A single U+000A LINE FEED (LF) character may be placed
626: immediately after the <a href="#syntax-start-tag" title="syntax-start-tag">start
627: tag</a> of <code><a href="semantics.html#the-pre-element">pre</a></code> and <code><a href="forms.html#the-textarea-element">textarea</a></code>
628: elements. This does not affect the processing of the element. The
629: otherwise optional U+000A LINE FEED (LF) character <em>must</em> be
630: included if the element's contents start with that character
631: (because otherwise the leading newline in the contents would be
632: treated like the optional newline, and ignored).</p><div class="example">
633: <p>The following two <code><a href="semantics.html#the-pre-element">pre</a></code> blocks are equivalent:</p>
634: <pre><pre>Hello</pre></pre>
635: <pre><pre><br>Hello</pre></pre>
636: </div><h5 id="cdata-rcdata-restrictions"><span class="secno">9.1.2.6 </span>Restrictions on the contents of CDATA and RCDATA elements</h5><p>The text in CDATA and RCDATA elements must not contain any
637: occurrences of the string "<code title=""></</code>" (U+003C
638: LESS-THAN SIGN, U+002F SOLIDUS) followed by characters that
639: case-insensitively match the tag name of the element followed by one
640: of U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION, U+000A LINE FEED (LF), U+000C FORM
641: FEED (FF), U+0020 SPACE, U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>), or U+002F
642: SOLIDUS (/), unless that string is part of an <a href="#syntax-escape" title="syntax-escape">escaping text span</a>.</p><p>An <dfn id="syntax-escape" title="syntax-escape">escaping text span</dfn> is a span
643: of <a href="#syntax-text" title="syntax-text">text</a> that starts with an <a href="#syntax-escape-start" title="syntax-escape-start">escaping text span start</a> that is
644: not itself in an <a href="#syntax-escape" title="syntax-escape">escaping text
645: span</a>, and ends at the next <a href="#syntax-escape-end" title="syntax-escape-end">escaping text span end</a>. There
646: cannot be any <a href="#syntax-charref" title="syntax-charref">character
647: references</a> inside an <a href="#syntax-escape" title="syntax-escape">escaping
648: text span</a> — sequences of characters that would look
649: like <a href="#syntax-charref" title="syntax-charref">character references</a> do not
650: have special meaning.</p><p>An <dfn id="syntax-escape-start" title="syntax-escape-start">escaping text span
651: start</dfn> is a part of <a href="#syntax-text" title="syntax-text">text</a> that
652: consists of the four character sequence "<code title=""><!--</code>" (U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN, U+0021 EXCLAMATION
653: MARK, U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS, U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS).</p><p>An <dfn id="syntax-escape-end" title="syntax-escape-end">escaping text span end</dfn> is
654: a part of <a href="#syntax-text" title="syntax-text">text</a> that consists of the
655: three character sequence "<code title="">--></code>" (U+002D
656: HYPHEN-MINUS, U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS, U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN) whose
657: U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>).</p><p>An <a href="#syntax-escape-start" title="syntax-escape-start">escaping text span
658: start</a> may share its U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS characters with its
659: corresponding <a href="#syntax-escape-end" title="syntax-escape-end">escaping text span
660: end</a>.</p><p>The text in CDATA and RCDATA elements must not have an <a href="#syntax-escape-start" title="syntax-escape-start">escaping text span start</a> that is
661: not followed by an <a href="#syntax-escape-end" title="syntax-escape-end">escaping text
662: span end</a>.</p><h4 id="text-0"><span class="secno">9.1.3 </span>Text</h4><p><dfn id="syntax-text" title="syntax-text">Text</dfn> is allowed inside elements,
663: attributes, and comments. Text must consist of Unicode characters.
664: Text must not contain U+0000 characters. Text must not contain
665: permanently undefined Unicode characters. Text must not contain
666: control characters other than <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character" title="space character">space
667: characters</a>. Extra constraints are placed on what is and what
668: is not allowed in text based on where the text is to be put, as
669: described in the other sections.</p><h5 id="newlines"><span class="secno">9.1.3.1 </span>Newlines</h5><p><dfn id="syntax-newlines" title="syntax-newlines">Newlines</dfn> in HTML may be
670: represented either as U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR) characters, U+000A
671: LINE FEED (LF) characters, or pairs of U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR),
672: U+000A LINE FEED (LF) characters in that order.</p><h4 id="character-references"><span class="secno">9.1.4 </span>Character references</h4><p>In certain cases described in other sections, <a href="#syntax-text" title="syntax-text">text</a> may be mixed with <dfn id="syntax-charref" title="syntax-charref">character references</dfn>. These can be used
673: to escape characters that couldn't otherwise legally be included in
674: <a href="#syntax-text" title="syntax-text">text</a>.</p><p>Character references must start with a U+0026 AMPERSAND
675: (<code>&</code>). Following this, there are three possible kinds
676: of character references:</p><dl><dt>Named character references</dt>
677:
678: <dd>The ampersand must be followed by one of the names given in the
679: <a href="named-character-references.html#named-character-references">named character references</a> section, using the same
680: case. The name must be one that is terminated by a U+003B SEMICOLON
681: (<code title="">;</code>) character.</dd>
682:
683:
684: <dt>Decimal numeric character reference</dt>
685:
686: <dd>The ampersand must be followed by a U+0023 NUMBER SIGN
687: (<code>#</code>) character, followed by one or more digits in the
688: range U+0030 DIGIT ZERO .. U+0039 DIGIT NINE, representing a
689: base-ten integer that itself is a Unicode code point that is
690: not U+0000, U+000D, in the range U+0080 .. U+009F, or in the range
691: 0xD800 .. 0xDFFF (surrogates). The digits must then be followed by
692: a U+003B SEMICOLON character (<code title="">;</code>).</dd>
693:
694:
695: <dt>Hexadecimal numeric character reference</dt>
696:
697: <dd>The ampersand must be followed by a U+0023 NUMBER SIGN
698: (<code>#</code>) character, which must be followed by either a
699: U+0078 LATIN SMALL LETTER X or a U+0058 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X
700: character, which must then be followed by one or more digits in the
701: range U+0030 DIGIT ZERO .. U+0039 DIGIT NINE, U+0061 LATIN SMALL
702: LETTER A .. U+0066 LATIN SMALL LETTER F, and U+0041 LATIN CAPITAL
703: LETTER A .. U+0046 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F, representing a
704: base-sixteen integer that itself is a Unicode code point that is
705: not U+0000, U+000D, in the range U+0080 .. U+009F, or in the range
706: 0xD800 .. 0xDFFF (surrogates). The digits must then be followed by
707: a U+003B SEMICOLON character (<code title="">;</code>).</dd>
708:
709: </dl><p>An <dfn id="syntax-ambiguous-ampersand" title="syntax-ambiguous-ampersand">ambiguous
710: ampersand</dfn> is a U+0026 AMPERSAND (<code>&</code>) character
711: that is followed by some <a href="#syntax-text" title="syntax-text">text</a> other
712: than a <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character">space character</a>, a U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN
713: character ('<'), or another U+0026 AMPERSAND (<code>&</code>)
714: character.</p><h4 id="cdata-sections"><span class="secno">9.1.5 </span>CDATA sections</h4><p><dfn id="syntax-cdata" title="syntax-cdata">CDATA sections</dfn> must start with
715: the character sequence U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN, U+0021 EXCLAMATION
716: MARK, U+005B LEFT SQUARE BRACKET, U+0043 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C,
717: U+0044 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D, U+0041 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A, U+0054
718: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T, U+0041 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A, U+005B LEFT
719: SQUARE BRACKET (<code title=""><![CDATA[</code>). Following this
720: sequence, the CDATA section may have <a href="#syntax-text" title="syntax-text">text</a>, with the additional restriction
721: that the text must not contain the three character sequence U+005D
722: RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET, U+005D RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET, U+003E
723: GREATER-THAN SIGN (<code title="">]]></code>). Finally, the CDATA
724: section must be ended by the three character sequence U+005D RIGHT
725: SQUARE BRACKET, U+005D RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET, U+003E GREATER-THAN
726: SIGN (<code title="">]]></code>).</p><h4 id="comments"><span class="secno">9.1.6 </span>Comments</h4><p><dfn id="syntax-comments" title="syntax-comments">Comments</dfn> must start with the
727: four character sequence U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN, U+0021 EXCLAMATION
728: MARK, U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS, U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (<code title=""><!--</code>). Following this sequence, the comment may
729: have <a href="#syntax-text" title="syntax-text">text</a>, with the additional
730: restriction that the text must not start with a single U+003E
731: GREATER-THAN SIGN ('>') character, nor start with a U+002D
732: HYPHEN-MINUS (<code title="">-</code>) character followed by a
733: U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN ('>') character, nor contain two
734: consecutive U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (<code title="">-</code>)
735: characters, nor end with a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (<code title="">-</code>) character. Finally, the comment must be ended by
736: the three character sequence U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS, U+002D
737: HYPHEN-MINUS, U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (<code title="">--></code>).</p><div class="impl">
738:
739: <h3 id="parsing"><span class="secno">9.2 </span>Parsing HTML documents</h3>
740:
741: <p><i>This section only applies to user agents, data mining tools,
742: and conformance checkers.</i></p>
743:
744: <p class="note">The rules for parsing XML documents into DOM trees
745: are covered by the next section, entitled "<a href="the-xhtml-syntax.html#the-xhtml-syntax">The XHTML
746: syntax</a>".</p>
747:
748: <p>For <a href="dom.html#html-documents">HTML documents</a>, user agents must use the parsing
749: rules described in this section to generate the DOM trees. Together,
750: these rules define what is referred to as the <dfn id="html-parser">HTML
751: parser</dfn>.</p>
752:
753: <div class="note">
754:
755: <p>While the HTML syntax described in this specification bears a
756: close resemblance to SGML and XML, it is a separate language with
757: its own parsing rules.</p>
758:
759: <p>Some earlier versions of HTML (in particular from HTML 2 to
760: HTML 4) were based on SGML and used SGML parsing rules. However, few
761: (if any) web browsers ever implemented true SGML parsing for HTML
762: documents; the only user agents to strictly handle HTML as an SGML
763: application have historically been validators. The resulting
764: confusion — with validators claiming documents to have one
765: representation while widely deployed Web browsers interoperably
766: implemented a different representation — has wasted decades
767: of productivity. This version of HTML thus returns to a non-SGML
768: basis.</p>
769:
770: <p>Authors interested in using SGML tools in their authoring
771: pipeline are encouraged to use XML tools and the XML serialization
772: of HTML.</p>
773:
774: </div>
775:
776: <p>This specification defines the parsing rules for HTML documents,
777: whether they are syntactically correct or not. Certain points in the
778: parsing algorithm are said to be <dfn id="parse-error" title="parse error">parse
779: errors</dfn>. The error handling for parse errors is well-defined:
780: user agents must either act as described below when encountering
781: such problems, or must abort processing at the first error that they
782: encounter for which they do not wish to apply the rules described
783: below.</p>
784:
785: <p>Conformance checkers must report at least one parse error
786: condition to the user if one or more parse error conditions exist in
787: the document and must not report parse error conditions if none
788: exist in the document. Conformance checkers may report more than one
789: parse error condition if more than one parse error conditions exist
790: in the document. Conformance checkers are not required to recover
791: from parse errors.</p>
792:
793: <p class="note">Parse errors are only errors with the
794: <em>syntax</em> of HTML. In addition to checking for parse errors,
795: conformance checkers will also verify that the document obeys all
796: the other conformance requirements described in this
797: specification.</p>
798:
799: <p>For the purposes of conformance checkers, if a resource is
800: determined to be in <a href="#syntax">the HTML syntax</a>, then it is an
801: <a href="dom.html#html-documents" title="HTML documents">HTML document</a>.</p>
802:
803:
804: <h4 id="overview-of-the-parsing-model"><span class="secno">9.2.1 </span>Overview of the parsing model</h4>
805:
806: <p>The input to the HTML parsing process consists of a stream of
807: Unicode characters, which is passed through a
808: <a href="#tokenization">tokenization</a> stage followed by a <a href="#tree-construction">tree
809: construction</a> stage. The output is a <code>Document</code>
810: object.</p>
811:
812: <p class="note">Implementations that <a href="infrastructure.html#non-scripted">do not
813: support scripting</a> do not have to actually create a DOM
814: <code>Document</code> object, but the DOM tree in such cases is
815: still used as the model for the rest of the specification.</p>
816:
817: <p>In the common case, the data handled by the tokenization stage
818: comes from the network, but <a href="dom.html#dynamic-markup-insertion" title="dynamic markup
819: insertion">it can also come from script</a>, e.g. using the <code title="dom-document-write"><a href="dom.html#dom-document-write">document.write()</a></code> API.</p>
820:
821: <p><img alt="" src="images/parsing-model-overview.png"></p>
822:
823: <p id="nestedParsing">There is only one set of states for the
824: tokenizer stage and the tree construction stage, but the tree
825: construction stage is reentrant, meaning that while the tree
826: construction stage is handling one token, the tokenizer might be
827: resumed, causing further tokens to be emitted and processed before
828: the first token's processing is complete.</p>
829:
830: <div class="example">
831:
832: <p>In the following example, the tree construction stage will be
833: called upon to handle a "p" start tag token while handling the
834: "script" start tag token:</p>
835:
836: <pre>...
837: <script>
838: document.write('<p>');
839: </script>
840: ...</pre>
841:
842: </div>
843:
844: <p>To handle these cases, parsers have a <dfn id="script-nesting-level">script nesting
845: level</dfn>, which must be initially set to zero, and a <dfn id="parser-pause-flag">parser
846: pause flag</dfn>, which must be initially set to false.</p>
847:
848:
849:
850: <h4 id="the-input-stream"><span class="secno">9.2.2 </span>The <dfn>input stream</dfn></h4>
851:
852: <p>The stream of Unicode characters that comprises the input to the
853: tokenization stage will be initially seen by the user agent as a
854: stream of bytes (typically coming over the network or from the local
855: file system). The bytes encode the actual characters according to a
856: particular <em>character encoding</em>, which the user agent must
857: use to decode the bytes into characters.</p>
858:
859: <p class="note">For XML documents, the algorithm user agents must
860: use to determine the character encoding is given by the XML
861: specification. This section does not apply to XML documents. <a href="references.html#references">[XML]</a></p>
862:
863:
864: <h5 id="determining-the-character-encoding"><span class="secno">9.2.2.1 </span>Determining the character encoding</h5>
865:
866: <p>In some cases, it might be impractical to unambiguously determine
867: the encoding before parsing the document. Because of this, this
868: specification provides for a two-pass mechanism with an optional
869: pre-scan. Implementations are allowed, as described below, to apply
870: a simplified parsing algorithm to whatever bytes they have available
871: before beginning to parse the document. Then, the real parser is
872: started, using a tentative encoding derived from this pre-parse and
873: other out-of-band metadata. If, while the document is being loaded,
874: the user agent discovers an encoding declaration that conflicts with
875: this information, then the parser can get reinvoked to perform a
876: parse of the document with the real encoding.</p>
877:
878: <p id="documentEncoding">User agents must use the following
879: algorithm (the <dfn id="encoding-sniffing-algorithm">encoding sniffing algorithm</dfn>) to determine
880: the character encoding to use when decoding a document in the first
881: pass. This algorithm takes as input any out-of-band metadata
882: available to the user agent (e.g. the <a href="infrastructure.html#content-type" title="Content-Type">Content-Type metadata</a> of the document)
883: and all the bytes available so far, and returns an encoding and a
884: <dfn id="concept-encoding-confidence" title="concept-encoding-confidence">confidence</dfn>. The
885: confidence is either <i>tentative</i>, <i>certain</i>, or
886: <i>irrelevant</i>. The encoding used, and whether the confidence in
887: that encoding is <i>tentative</i> or <i>certain</i>, is <a href="#meta-charset-during-parse">used during the parsing</a> to
888: determine whether to <a href="#change-the-encoding">change the encoding</a>. If no
889: encoding is necessary, e.g. because the parser is operating on a
890: stream of Unicode characters and doesn't have to use an encoding at
891: all, then the <a href="#concept-encoding-confidence" title="concept-encoding-confidence">confidence</a> is
892: <i>irrelevant</i>.</p>
893:
894: <ol><li><p>If the transport layer specifies an encoding, and it is
895: supported, return that encoding with the <a href="#concept-encoding-confidence" title="concept-encoding-confidence">confidence</a>
896: <i>certain</i>, and abort these steps.</p></li>
897:
898: <li><p>The user agent may wait for more bytes of the resource to be
899: available, either in this step or at any later step in this
900: algorithm. For instance, a user agent might wait 500ms or 512
901: bytes, whichever came first. In general preparsing the source to
902: find the encoding improves performance, as it reduces the need to
903: throw away the data structures used when parsing upon finding the
904: encoding information. However, if the user agent delays too long to
905: obtain data to determine the encoding, then the cost of the delay
906: could outweigh any performance improvements from the
907: preparse.</p></li>
908:
909: <li><p>For each of the rows in the following table, starting with
910: the first one and going down, if there are as many or more bytes
911: available than the number of bytes in the first column, and the
912: first bytes of the file match the bytes given in the first column,
913: then return the encoding given in the cell in the second column of
914: that row, with the <a href="#concept-encoding-confidence" title="concept-encoding-confidence">confidence</a>
915: <i>certain</i>, and abort these steps:</p>
916:
917: <!-- this table is present in several forms in this file; keep them in sync -->
918: <table><thead><tr><th>Bytes in Hexadecimal
919: </th><th>Encoding
920: </th></tr></thead><tbody><!-- nobody uses this
921: <tr>
922: <td>00 00 FE FF
923: <td>UTF-32BE
924: <tr>
925: <td>FF FE 00 00
926: <td>UTF-32LE
927: --><tr><td>FE FF
928: </td><td>UTF-16BE
929: </td></tr><tr><td>FF FE
930: </td><td>UTF-16LE
931: </td></tr><tr><td>EF BB BF
932: </td><td>UTF-8
933: <!-- nobody uses this
934: <tr>
935: <td>DD 73 66 73
936: <td>UTF-EBCDIC
937: -->
938: </td></tr></tbody></table><p class="note">This step looks for Unicode Byte Order Marks
939: (BOMs).</p></li>
940:
941: <li><p>Otherwise, the user agent will have to search for explicit
942: character encoding information in the file itself. This should
943: proceed as follows:
944:
945: </p><p>Let <var title="">position</var> be a pointer to a byte in the
946: input stream, initially pointing at the first byte. If at any
947: point during these substeps the user agent either runs out of
948: bytes or decides that scanning further bytes would not be
949: efficient, then skip to the next step of the overall character
950: encoding detection algorithm. User agents may decide that scanning
951: <em>any</em> bytes is not efficient, in which case these substeps
952: are entirely skipped.</p>
953:
954: <p>Now, repeat the following "two" steps until the algorithm
955: aborts (either because user agent aborts, as described above, or
956: because a character encoding is found):</p>
957:
958: <ol><li><p>If <var title="">position</var> points to:</p>
959:
960: <dl class="switch"><dt>A sequence of bytes starting with: 0x3C 0x21 0x2D 0x2D (ASCII '<!--')</dt>
961: <dd>
962:
963: <p>Advance the <var title="">position</var> pointer so that it
964: points at the first 0x3E byte which is preceded by two 0x2D
965: bytes (i.e. at the end of an ASCII '-->' sequence) and comes
966: after the 0x3C byte that was found. (The two 0x2D bytes can be
967: the same as the those in the '<!--' sequence.)</p>
968:
969: </dd>
970:
971: <dt>A sequence of bytes starting with: 0x3C, 0x4D or 0x6D, 0x45 or 0x65, 0x54 or 0x74, 0x41 or 0x61, and finally one of 0x09, 0x0A, 0x0C, 0x0D, 0x20, 0x2F (case-insensitive ASCII '<meta' followed by a space or slash)</dt>
972: <dd>
973:
974: <ol><li><p>Advance the <var title="">position</var> pointer so
975: that it points at the next 0x09, 0x0A, 0x0C, 0x0D, 0x20, or
976: 0x2F byte (the one in sequence of characters matched
977: above).</p></li>
978:
979: <li><p><a href="#concept-get-attributes-when-sniffing" title="concept-get-attributes-when-sniffing">Get
980: an attribute</a> and its value. If no attribute was
981: sniffed, then skip this inner set of steps, and jump to the
982: second step in the overall "two step" algorithm.</p></li>
983:
984: <li><p>If the attribute's name is neither "<code title="">charset</code>" nor "<code title="">content</code>",
985: then return to step 2 in these inner steps.</p></li>
986:
987: <li><p>If the attribute's name is "<code title="">charset</code>", let <var title="">charset</var> be
988: the attribute's value, interpreted as a character
989: encoding.</p></li>
990:
991: <li><p>Otherwise, the attribute's name is "<code title="">content</code>": apply the <a href="infrastructure.html#algorithm-for-extracting-an-encoding-from-a-content-type">algorithm for
992: extracting an encoding from a Content-Type</a>, giving the
993: attribute's value as the string to parse. If an encoding is
994: returned, let <var title="">charset</var> be that
995: encoding. Otherwise, return to step 2 in these inner
996: steps.</p></li>
997:
998: <li><p>If <var title="">charset</var> is a UTF-16 encoding,
999: change the value of <var title="">charset</var> to
1000: UTF-8.</p></li>
1001:
1002: <li><p>If <var title="">charset</var> is a supported
1003: character encoding, then return the given encoding, with
1004: <a href="#concept-encoding-confidence" title="concept-encoding-confidence">confidence</a>
1005: <i>tentative</i>, and abort all these steps.</p></li>
1006:
1007: <li><p>Otherwise, return to step 2 in these inner
1008: steps.</p></li>
1009:
1010: </ol></dd>
1011:
1012: <dt>A sequence of bytes starting with a 0x3C byte (ASCII '<'), optionally a 0x2F byte (ASCII '/'), and finally a byte in the range 0x41-0x5A or 0x61-0x7A (an ASCII letter)</dt>
1013: <dd>
1014:
1015: <ol><li><p>Advance the <var title="">position</var> pointer so
1016: that it points at the next 0x09 (ASCII TAB), 0x0A (ASCII LF),
1017: 0x0C (ASCII FF), 0x0D (ASCII CR), 0x20 (ASCII space), or 0x3E
1018: (ASCII '>') byte.</p></li>
1019:
1020: <li><p>Repeatedly <a href="#concept-get-attributes-when-sniffing" title="concept-get-attributes-when-sniffing">get an
1021: attribute</a> until no further attributes can be found,
1022: then jump to the second step in the overall "two step"
1023: algorithm.</p></li>
1024:
1025: </ol></dd>
1026:
1027: <dt>A sequence of bytes starting with: 0x3C 0x21 (ASCII '<!')</dt>
1028: <dt>A sequence of bytes starting with: 0x3C 0x2F (ASCII '</')</dt>
1029: <dt>A sequence of bytes starting with: 0x3C 0x3F (ASCII '<?')</dt>
1030: <dd>
1031:
1032: <p>Advance the <var title="">position</var> pointer so that it
1033: points at the first 0x3E byte (ASCII '>') that comes after the
1034: 0x3C byte that was found.</p>
1035:
1036: </dd>
1037:
1038: <dt>Any other byte</dt>
1039: <dd>
1040:
1041: <p>Do nothing with that byte.</p>
1042:
1043: </dd>
1044:
1045: </dl></li>
1046:
1047: <li>Move <var title="">position</var> so it points at the next
1048: byte in the input stream, and return to the first step of this
1049: "two step" algorithm.</li>
1050:
1051: </ol><p>When the above "two step" algorithm says to <dfn id="concept-get-attributes-when-sniffing" title="concept-get-attributes-when-sniffing">get an
1052: attribute</dfn>, it means doing this:</p>
1053:
1054: <ol><li><p>If the byte at <var title="">position</var> is one of 0x09
1055: (ASCII TAB), 0x0A (ASCII LF), 0x0C (ASCII FF), 0x0D (ASCII CR),
1056: 0x20 (ASCII space), or 0x2F (ASCII '/') then advance <var title="">position</var> to the next byte and redo this
1057: substep.</p></li>
1058:
1059: <li><p>If the byte at <var title="">position</var> is 0x3E (ASCII
1060: '>'), then abort the "get an attribute" algorithm. There isn't
1061: one.</p></li>
1062:
1063: <li><p>Otherwise, the byte at <var title="">position</var> is the
1064: start of the attribute name. Let <var title="">attribute
1065: name</var> and <var title="">attribute value</var> be the empty
1066: string.</p></li>
1067:
1068: <li><p><i>Attribute name</i>: Process the byte at <var title="">position</var> as follows:</p>
1069:
1070: <dl class="switch"><dt>If it is 0x3D (ASCII '='), and the <var title="">attribute
1071: name</var> is longer than the empty string</dt>
1072:
1073: <dd>Advance <var title="">position</var> to the next byte and
1074: jump to the step below labeled <i>value</i>.</dd>
1075:
1076: <dt>If it is 0x09 (ASCII TAB), 0x0A (ASCII LF), 0x0C (ASCII
1077: FF), 0x0D (ASCII CR), or 0x20 (ASCII space)</dt>
1078:
1079: <dd>Jump to the step below labeled <i>spaces</i>.</dd>
1080:
1081: <dt>If it is 0x2F (ASCII '/') or 0x3E (ASCII '>')</dt>
1082:
1083: <dd>Abort the "get an attribute" algorithm. The attribute's
1084: name is the value of <var title="">attribute name</var>, its
1085: value is the empty string.</dd>
1086:
1087: <dt>If it is in the range 0x41 (ASCII 'A') to 0x5A (ASCII
1088: 'Z')</dt>
1089:
1090: <dd>Append the Unicode character with code point <span title=""><var title="">b</var>+0x20</span> to <var title="">attribute
1091: name</var> (where <var title="">b</var> is the value of the
1092: byte at <var title="">position</var>).</dd>
1093:
1094: <dt>Anything else</dt>
1095:
1096: <dd>Append the Unicode character with the same code point as the
1097: value of the byte at <var title="">position</var>) to <var title="">attribute name</var>. (It doesn't actually matter how
1098: bytes outside the ASCII range are handled here, since only
1099: ASCII characters can contribute to the detection of a character
1100: encoding.)</dd>
1101:
1102: </dl></li>
1103:
1104: <li><p>Advance <var title="">position</var> to the next byte and
1105: return to the previous step.</p></li>
1106:
1107: <li><p><i>Spaces</i>: If the byte at <var title="">position</var> is one of 0x09 (ASCII TAB), 0x0A (ASCII
1108: LF), 0x0C (ASCII FF), 0x0D (ASCII CR), or 0x20 (ASCII space) then
1109: advance <var title="">position</var> to the next byte, then,
1110: repeat this step.</p></li>
1111:
1112: <li><p>If the byte at <var title="">position</var> is
1113: <em>not</em> 0x3D (ASCII '='), abort the "get an attribute"
1114: algorithm. The attribute's name is the value of <var title="">attribute name</var>, its value is the empty
1115: string.</p></li>
1116:
1117: <li><p>Advance <var title="">position</var> past the 0x3D (ASCII
1118: '=') byte.</p></li>
1119:
1120: <li><p><i>Value:</i> If the byte at <var title="">position</var> is one of 0x09 (ASCII TAB), 0x0A (ASCII
1121: LF), 0x0C (ASCII FF), 0x0D (ASCII CR), or 0x20 (ASCII space) then
1122: advance <var title="">position</var> to the next byte, then,
1123: repeat this step.</p></li>
1124:
1125: <li><p>Process the byte at <var title="">position</var> as
1126: follows:</p>
1127:
1128: <dl class="switch"><dt>If it is 0x22 (ASCII '"') or 0x27 ("'")</dt>
1129:
1130: <dd>
1131:
1132: <ol><li>Let <var title="">b</var> be the value of the byte at
1133: <var title="">position</var>.</li>
1134:
1135: <li>Advance <var title="">position</var> to the next
1136: byte.</li>
1137:
1138: <li>If the value of the byte at <var title="">position</var>
1139: is the value of <var title="">b</var>, then advance <var title="">position</var> to the next byte and abort the "get
1140: an attribute" algorithm. The attribute's name is the value of
1141: <var title="">attribute name</var>, and its value is the
1142: value of <var title="">attribute value</var>.</li>
1143:
1144: <li>Otherwise, if the value of the byte at <var title="">position</var> is in the range 0x41 (ASCII 'A') to
1145: 0x5A (ASCII 'Z'), then append a Unicode character to <var title="">attribute value</var> whose code point is 0x20 more
1146: than the value of the byte at <var title="">position</var>.</li>
1147:
1148: <li>Otherwise, append a Unicode character to <var title="">attribute value</var> whose code point is the same as
1149: the value of the byte at <var title="">position</var>.</li>
1150:
1151: <li>Return to the second step in these substeps.</li>
1152:
1153: </ol></dd>
1154:
1155: <dt>If it is 0x3E (ASCII '>')</dt>
1156:
1157: <dd>Abort the "get an attribute" algorithm. The attribute's
1158: name is the value of <var title="">attribute name</var>, its
1159: value is the empty string.</dd>
1160:
1161:
1162: <dt>If it is in the range 0x41 (ASCII 'A') to 0x5A (ASCII
1163: 'Z')</dt>
1164:
1165: <dd>Append the Unicode character with code point <span title=""><var title="">b</var>+0x20</span> to <var title="">attribute
1166: value</var> (where <var title="">b</var> is the value of the
1167: byte at <var title="">position</var>). Advance <var title="">position</var> to the next byte.</dd>
1168:
1169: <dt>Anything else</dt>
1170:
1171: <dd>Append the Unicode character with the same code point as the
1172: value of the byte at <var title="">position</var>) to <var title="">attribute value</var>. Advance <var title="">position</var> to the next byte.</dd>
1173:
1174: </dl></li>
1175:
1176: <li><p>Process the byte at <var title="">position</var> as
1177: follows:</p>
1178:
1179: <dl class="switch"><dt>If it is 0x09 (ASCII TAB), 0x0A (ASCII LF), 0x0C (ASCII
1180: FF), 0x0D (ASCII CR), 0x20 (ASCII space), or 0x3E (ASCII
1181: '>')</dt>
1182:
1183: <dd>Abort the "get an attribute" algorithm. The attribute's
1184: name is the value of <var title="">attribute name</var> and its
1185: value is the value of <var title="">attribute value</var>.</dd>
1186:
1187: <dt>If it is in the range 0x41 (ASCII 'A') to 0x5A (ASCII
1188: 'Z')</dt>
1189:
1190: <dd>Append the Unicode character with code point <span title=""><var title="">b</var>+0x20</span> to <var title="">attribute
1191: value</var> (where <var title="">b</var> is the value of the
1192: byte at <var title="">position</var>).</dd>
1193:
1194: <dt>Anything else</dt>
1195:
1196: <dd>Append the Unicode character with the same code point as the
1197: value of the byte at <var title="">position</var>) to <var title="">attribute value</var>.</dd>
1198:
1199: </dl></li>
1200:
1201: <li><p>Advance <var title="">position</var> to the next byte and
1202: return to the previous step.</p></li>
1203:
1204: </ol><p>For the sake of interoperability, user agents should not use a
1205: pre-scan algorithm that returns different results than the one
1206: described above. (But, if you do, please at least let us know, so
1207: that we can improve this algorithm and benefit everyone...)</p>
1208:
1209: </li>
1210:
1211: <li><p>If the user agent has information on the likely encoding for
1212: this page, e.g. based on the encoding of the page when it was last
1213: visited, then return that encoding, with the <a href="#concept-encoding-confidence" title="concept-encoding-confidence">confidence</a>
1214: <i>tentative</i>, and abort these steps.</p></li>
1215:
1216: <li><p>The user agent may attempt to autodetect the character
1217: encoding from applying frequency analysis or other algorithms to
1218: the data stream. If autodetection succeeds in determining a
1219: character encoding, then return that encoding, with the <a href="#concept-encoding-confidence" title="concept-encoding-confidence">confidence</a>
1220: <i>tentative</i>, and abort these steps. <a href="references.html#references">[UNIVCHARDET]</a></p></li> <!--
1221: http://www.mozilla.org/projects/intl/UniversalCharsetDetection.html
1222: -->
1223:
1224: <li><p>Otherwise, return an implementation-defined or
1225: user-specified default character encoding, with the <a href="#concept-encoding-confidence" title="concept-encoding-confidence">confidence</a>
1226: <i>tentative</i>. In non-legacy environments, the more
1227: comprehensive <code title="">UTF-8</code> encoding is
1228: recommended. Due to its use in legacy content, <code title="">windows-1252</code> is recommended as a default in
1229: predominantly Western demographics instead. Since these encodings
1230: can in many cases be distinguished by inspection, a user agent may
1231: heuristically decide which to use as a default.</p></li>
1232:
1233: </ol><p>The <a href="dom.html#document-s-character-encoding">document's character encoding</a> must immediately
1234: be set to the value returned from this algorithm, at the same time
1235: as the user agent uses the returned value to select the decoder to
1236: use for the input stream.</p>
1237:
1238:
1239:
1240: <h5 id="preprocessing-the-input-stream"><span class="secno">9.2.2.2 </span>Preprocessing the input stream</h5>
1241:
1242: <p>Given an encoding, the bytes in the input stream must be
1243: converted to Unicode characters for the tokenizer, as described by
1244: the rules for that encoding, except that the leading U+FEFF BYTE
1245: ORDER MARK character, if any, must not be stripped by the encoding
1246: layer (it is stripped by the rule below).</p> <!-- this is to
1247: prevent two leading BOMs from being both stripped, once by the
1248: decoder, and once by the parser -->
1249:
1250: <p>Bytes or sequences of bytes in the original byte stream that
1251: could not be converted to Unicode characters must be converted to
1252: U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER code points.</p>
1253:
1254: <p class="note">Bytes or sequences of bytes in the original byte
1255: stream that did not conform to the encoding specification
1256: (e.g. invalid UTF-8 byte sequences in a UTF-8 input stream) are
1257: errors that conformance checkers are expected to report.</p>
1258:
1259: <p>Any byte or sequences of bytes in the original byte stream that
1260: is <a href="infrastructure.html#misinterpreted-for-compatibility">misinterpreted for compatibility</a> is a <a href="#parse-error">parse
1261: error</a>.</p>
1262:
1263: <p>One leading U+FEFF BYTE ORDER MARK character must be ignored if
1264: any are present.</p>
1265:
1266: <p>All U+0000 NULL characters in the input must be replaced by
1267: U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTERs. Any occurrences of such characters is
1268: a <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>.</p>
1269:
1270: <p>Any occurrences of any characters in the ranges U+0001 to U+0008,
1271: <!-- HT, LF allowed --> <!-- U+000B is in the next list --> <!-- FF,
1272: CR allowed --> U+000E to U+001F, <!-- ASCII allowed --> U+007F
1273: <!--to U+0084, (U+0085 NEL not allowed), U+0086--> to U+009F, U+D800
1274: to U+DFFF<!-- surrogates not allowed -->, U+FDD0 to U+FDEF, and
1275: characters U+000B, U+FFFE, U+FFFF, U+1FFFE, U+1FFFF, U+2FFFE,
1276: U+2FFFF, U+3FFFE, U+3FFFF, U+4FFFE, U+4FFFF, U+5FFFE, U+5FFFF,
1277: U+6FFFE, U+6FFFF, U+7FFFE, U+7FFFF, U+8FFFE, U+8FFFF, U+9FFFE,
1278: U+9FFFF, U+AFFFE, U+AFFFF, U+BFFFE, U+BFFFF, U+CFFFE, U+CFFFF,
1279: U+DFFFE, U+DFFFF, U+EFFFE, U+EFFFF, U+FFFFE, U+FFFFF, U+10FFFE, and
1280: U+10FFFF are <a href="#parse-error" title="parse error">parse errors</a>. (These
1281: are all control characters or permanently undefined Unicode
1282: characters.)</p>
1283:
1284: <p>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR) characters and U+000A LINE FEED (LF)
1285: characters are treated specially. Any CR characters that are
1286: followed by LF characters must be removed, and any CR characters not
1287: followed by LF characters must be converted to LF characters. Thus,
1288: newlines in HTML DOMs are represented by LF characters, and there
1289: are never any CR characters in the input to the
1290: <a href="#tokenization">tokenization</a> stage.</p>
1291:
1292: <p>The <dfn id="next-input-character">next input character</dfn> is the first character in the
1293: input stream that has not yet been <dfn id="consumed">consumed</dfn>. Initially,
1294: the <i><a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a></i> is the first character in the
1295: input. The <dfn id="current-input-character">current input character</dfn> is the last character
1296: to have been <i><a href="#consumed">consumed</a></i>.</p>
1297:
1298: <p>The <dfn id="insertion-point">insertion point</dfn> is the position (just before a
1299: character or just before the end of the input stream) where content
1300: inserted using <code title="dom-document-write"><a href="dom.html#dom-document-write">document.write()</a></code> is actually
1301: inserted. The insertion point is relative to the position of the
1302: character immediately after it, it is not an absolute offset into
1303: the input stream. Initially, the insertion point is
1.10 mike 1304: undefined.</p>
1.1 mike 1305:
1306: <p>The "EOF" character in the tables below is a conceptual character
1307: representing the end of the <a href="#the-input-stream">input stream</a>. If the parser
1308: is a <a href="dom.html#script-created-parser">script-created parser</a>, then the end of the
1309: <a href="#the-input-stream">input stream</a> is reached when an <dfn id="explicit-eof-character">explicit "EOF"
1310: character</dfn> (inserted by the <code title="dom-document-close"><a href="dom.html#dom-document-close">document.close()</a></code> method) is
1311: consumed. Otherwise, the "EOF" character is not a real character in
1312: the stream, but rather the lack of any further characters.</p>
1313:
1314:
1315: <h5 id="changing-the-encoding-while-parsing"><span class="secno">9.2.2.3 </span>Changing the encoding while parsing</h5>
1316:
1317: <p>When the parser requires the user agent to <dfn id="change-the-encoding">change the
1318: encoding</dfn>, it must run the following steps. This might happen
1319: if the <a href="#encoding-sniffing-algorithm">encoding sniffing algorithm</a> described above
1320: failed to find an encoding, or if it found an encoding that was not
1321: the actual encoding of the file.</p>
1322:
1323: <ol><li>If the new encoding is identical or equivalent to the encoding
1324: that is already being used to interpret the input stream, then set
1325: the <a href="#concept-encoding-confidence" title="concept-encoding-confidence">confidence</a> to
1326: <i>certain</i> and abort these steps. This happens when the
1327: encoding information found in the file matches what the
1328: <a href="#encoding-sniffing-algorithm">encoding sniffing algorithm</a> determined to be the
1329: encoding, and in the second pass through the parser if the first
1330: pass found that the encoding sniffing algorithm described in the
1331: earlier section failed to find the right encoding.</li>
1332:
1333: <li>If the encoding that is already being used to interpret the
1334: input stream is a UTF-16 encoding, then set the <a href="#concept-encoding-confidence" title="concept-encoding-confidence">confidence</a> to
1335: <i>certain</i> and abort these steps. The new encoding is ignored;
1336: if it was anything but the same encoding, then it would be clearly
1337: incorrect.</li>
1338:
1339: <li>If the new encoding is a UTF-16 encoding, change it to
1340: UTF-8.</li>
1341:
1342: <li>If all the bytes up to the last byte converted by the current
1343: decoder have the same Unicode interpretations in both the current
1344: encoding and the new encoding, and if the user agent supports
1345: changing the converter on the fly, then the user agent may change
1346: to the new converter for the encoding on the fly. Set the
1347: <a href="dom.html#document-s-character-encoding">document's character encoding</a> and the encoding used to
1348: convert the input stream to the new encoding, set the <a href="#concept-encoding-confidence" title="concept-encoding-confidence">confidence</a> to
1349: <i>certain</i>, and abort these steps.</li>
1350:
1351: <li>Otherwise, <a href="history.html#navigate">navigate</a> to the document again, with
1352: <a href="history.html#replacement-enabled">replacement enabled</a>, and using the same <a href="history.html#source-browsing-context">source
1353: browsing context</a>, but this time skip the <a href="#encoding-sniffing-algorithm">encoding
1354: sniffing algorithm</a> and instead just set the encoding to the
1355: new encoding and the <a href="#concept-encoding-confidence" title="concept-encoding-confidence">confidence</a> to
1356: <i>certain</i>. Whenever possible, this should be done without
1357: actually contacting the network layer (the bytes should be
1358: re-parsed from memory), even if, e.g., the document is marked as
1359: not being cacheable. If this is not possible and contacting the
1360: network layer would involve repeating a request that uses a method
1361: other than HTTP GET (<a href="infrastructure.html#concept-http-equivalent-get" title="concept-http-equivalent-get">or
1362: equivalent</a> for non-HTTP URLs), then instead set the <a href="#concept-encoding-confidence" title="concept-encoding-confidence">confidence</a> to
1363: <i>certain</i> and ignore the new encoding. The resource will be
1364: misinterpreted. User agents may notify the user of the situation,
1365: to aid in application development.</li>
1366:
1367: </ol><h4 id="parse-state"><span class="secno">9.2.3 </span>Parse state</h4>
1368:
1369: <h5 id="the-insertion-mode"><span class="secno">9.2.3.1 </span>The insertion mode</h5>
1370:
1371: <p>The <dfn id="insertion-mode">insertion mode</dfn> is a state variable that controls
1372: the primary operation of the tree construction stage.</p>
1373:
1374: <p>Initially, the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#the-initial-insertion-mode" title="insertion mode: initial">initial</a>". It can change to
1375: "<a href="#the-before-html-insertion-mode" title="insertion mode: before html">before html</a>",
1376: "<a href="#the-before-head-insertion-mode" title="insertion mode: before head">before head</a>",
1377: "<a href="#parsing-main-inhead" title="insertion mode: in head">in head</a>", "<a href="#parsing-main-inheadnoscript" title="insertion mode: in head noscript">in head noscript</a>",
1378: "<a href="#the-after-head-insertion-mode" title="insertion mode: after head">after head</a>", "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>", "<a href="#parsing-main-incdata" title="insertion mode: in CDATA/RCDATA">in CDATA/RCDATA</a>",
1379: "<a href="#parsing-main-intable" title="insertion mode: in table">in table</a>", "<a href="#parsing-main-intabletext" title="insertion mode: in table text">in table text</a>", "<a href="#parsing-main-incaption" title="insertion mode: in caption">in caption</a>", "<a href="#parsing-main-incolgroup" title="insertion mode: in column group">in column group</a>",
1380: "<a href="#parsing-main-intbody" title="insertion mode: in table body">in table body</a>",
1381: "<a href="#parsing-main-intr" title="insertion mode: in row">in row</a>", "<a href="#parsing-main-intd" title="insertion mode: in cell">in cell</a>", "<a href="#parsing-main-inselect" title="insertion mode: in select">in select</a>", "<a href="#parsing-main-inselectintable" title="insertion mode: in select in table">in select in
1382: table</a>", "<a href="#parsing-main-inforeign" title="insertion mode: in foreign content">in
1383: foreign content</a>", "<a href="#parsing-main-afterbody" title="insertion mode: after
1384: body">after body</a>", "<a href="#parsing-main-inframeset" title="insertion mode: in
1385: frameset">in frameset</a>", "<a href="#parsing-main-afterframeset" title="insertion mode: after
1386: frameset">after frameset</a>", "<a href="#the-after-after-body-insertion-mode" title="insertion mode:
1387: after after body">after after body</a>", and "<a href="#the-after-after-frameset-insertion-mode" title="insertion mode: after after frameset">after after
1388: frameset</a>" during the course of the parsing, as described in
1389: the <a href="#tree-construction">tree construction</a> stage. The insertion mode affects
1390: how tokens are processed and whether CDATA sections are
1391: supported.</p>
1392:
1393: <p>Seven of these modes, namely "<a href="#parsing-main-inhead" title="insertion mode: in
1394: head">in head</a>", "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in
1395: body</a>", "<a href="#parsing-main-intable" title="insertion mode: in table">in
1396: table</a>", "<a href="#parsing-main-intbody" title="insertion mode: in table body">in table
1397: body</a>", "<a href="#parsing-main-intr" title="insertion mode: in row">in row</a>",
1398: "<a href="#parsing-main-intd" title="insertion mode: in cell">in cell</a>", and "<a href="#parsing-main-inselect" title="insertion mode: in select">in select</a>", are special, in
1399: that the other modes defer to them at various times. When the
1400: algorithm below says that the user agent is to do something
1401: "<dfn id="using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</dfn> the <var title="">m</var> insertion
1402: mode", where <var title="">m</var> is one of these modes, the user
1403: agent must use the rules described under the <var title="">m</var>
1404: <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a>'s section, but must leave the
1405: <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> unchanged unless the rules in <var title="">m</var> themselves switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a>
1406: to a new value.</p>
1407:
1408: <p>When the insertion mode is switched to "<a href="#parsing-main-incdata" title="insertion
1409: mode: in CDATA/RCDATA">in CDATA/RCDATA</a>" or "<a href="#parsing-main-intabletext" title="insertion mode: in table text">in table text</a>", the
1410: <dfn id="original-insertion-mode">original insertion mode</dfn> is also set. This is the
1411: insertion mode to which the tree construction stage will return.</p>
1412:
1413: <p>When the insertion mode is switched to "<a href="#parsing-main-inforeign" title="insertion
1414: mode: in foreign content">in foreign content</a>", the
1415: <dfn id="secondary-insertion-mode">secondary insertion mode</dfn> is also set. This secondary mode
1416: is used within the rules for the "<a href="#parsing-main-inforeign" title="insertion mode: in
1417: foreign content">in foreign content</a>" mode to handle HTML
1418: (i.e. not foreign) content.</p>
1419:
1420: <hr><p>When the steps below require the UA to <dfn id="reset-the-insertion-mode-appropriately">reset the insertion
1421: mode appropriately</dfn>, it means the UA must follow these
1422: steps:</p>
1423:
1424: <ol><li>Let <var title="">last</var> be false.</li>
1425:
1426: <li>Let <var title="">node</var> be the last node in the
1427: <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a>.</li>
1428:
1429: <li>If <var title="">node</var> is the first node in the stack of
1430: open elements, then set <var title="">last</var> to true and set
1431: <var title="">node</var> to the <var title="">context</var>
1432: element. (<a href="#fragment-case">fragment case</a>)</li>
1433:
1434: <li>If <var title="">node</var> is a <code><a href="forms.html#the-select-element">select</a></code> element,
1435: then switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-inselect" title="insertion mode: in select">in select</a>" and abort these
1436: steps. (<a href="#fragment-case">fragment case</a>)</li>
1437:
1438: <li>If <var title="">node</var> is a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-td-element">td</a></code> or
1439: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-th-element">th</a></code> element and <var title="">last</var> is false, then
1440: switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-intd" title="insertion
1441: mode: in cell">in cell</a>" and abort these steps.</li>
1442:
1443: <li>If <var title="">node</var> is a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code> element, then
1444: switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-intr" title="insertion
1445: mode: in row">in row</a>" and abort these steps.</li>
1446:
1447: <li>If <var title="">node</var> is a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code>,
1448: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-thead-element">thead</a></code>, or <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tfoot-element">tfoot</a></code> element, then switch the
1449: <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-intbody" title="insertion mode: in
1450: table body">in table body</a>" and abort these steps.</li>
1451:
1452: <li>If <var title="">node</var> is a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-caption-element">caption</a></code> element,
1453: then switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-incaption" title="insertion mode: in caption">in caption</a>" and abort
1454: these steps.</li>
1455:
1456: <li>If <var title="">node</var> is a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-colgroup-element">colgroup</a></code> element,
1457: then switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-incolgroup" title="insertion mode: in column group">in column group</a>" and
1458: abort these steps. (<a href="#fragment-case">fragment case</a>)</li>
1459:
1460: <li>If <var title="">node</var> is a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code> element,
1461: then switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-intable" title="insertion mode: in table">in table</a>" and abort these
1462: steps.</li>
1463:
1464: <li>If <var title="">node</var> is an element from the <a href="#mathml-namespace">MathML
1465: namespace</a> or the <a href="#svg-namespace">SVG namespace</a>, then switch the
1466: <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-inforeign" title="insertion mode: in
1467: foreign content">in foreign content</a>", let the
1468: <a href="#secondary-insertion-mode">secondary insertion mode</a> be "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion
1469: mode: in body">in body</a>", and abort these steps.</li>
1470:
1471: <li>If <var title="">node</var> is a <code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element">head</a></code> element,
1472: then switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>" ("<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>"! <em> not "<a href="#parsing-main-inhead" title="insertion mode: in head">in head</a>"</em>!) and abort
1473: these steps. (<a href="#fragment-case">fragment case</a>)</li> <!-- This is only
1474: here for now in case people think that the spec accidentally
1475: omitted it and try to "fix" it. Note that noscript-in-head is also
1476: handled this way. This is all intentional. The only thing it
1477: doesn't handle is the scripting-disabled fragment parsing case for
1478: a <head> element containing a <noscript> which itself contains
1479: something other than a <link> or a <style> element; you'd expect
1480: that to break out of the <noscript> but it doesn't. This is an edge
1481: case that doesn't affect the spec, since the algorithm for fragment
1482: parsing is only used for innerHTML/outerHTML/insertAdjacentHTML(),
1483: where we know scripting is enabled. (XXX except maybe if innerHTML
1484: is set from another browsing context on a document with designMode
1485: set?) -->
1486:
1487: <li>If <var title="">node</var> is a <code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element">body</a></code> element,
1488: then switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>" and abort these
1489: steps.</li>
1490:
1.5 mike 1491: <li>If <var title="">node</var> is a <code><a href="obsolete.html#frameset">frameset</a></code> element,
1.1 mike 1492: then switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-inframeset" title="insertion mode: in frameset">in frameset</a>" and abort
1493: these steps. (<a href="#fragment-case">fragment case</a>)</li>
1494:
1495: <li>If <var title="">node</var> is an <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code> element,
1496: then: if the <a href="#head-element-pointer"><code title="">head</code> element
1497: pointer</a> is null, switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to
1498: "<a href="#the-before-head-insertion-mode" title="insertion mode: before head">before head</a>",
1499: otherwise, switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#the-after-head-insertion-mode" title="insertion mode: after head">after head</a>". In either
1500: case, abort these steps. (<a href="#fragment-case">fragment case</a>)</li> <!-- XXX
1501: can the head element pointer ever be non-null when we're going
1502: through these steps? -->
1503:
1504: <li>If <var title="">last</var> is true, then switch the
1505: <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in
1506: body">in body</a>" and abort these steps. (<a href="#fragment-case">fragment
1507: case</a>)</li>
1508:
1509: <li>Let <var title="">node</var> now be the node before <var title="">node</var> in the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
1510: elements</a>.</li>
1511:
1512: <li>Return to step 3.</li>
1513:
1514: </ol><h5 id="the-stack-of-open-elements"><span class="secno">9.2.3.2 </span>The stack of open elements</h5>
1515:
1516: <p>Initially, the <dfn id="stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</dfn> is empty. The
1517: stack grows downwards; the topmost node on the stack is the first
1518: one added to the stack, and the bottommost node of the stack is the
1519: most recently added node in the stack (notwithstanding when the
1520: stack is manipulated in a random access fashion as part of <a href="#adoptionAgency">the handling for misnested tags</a>).</p>
1521:
1522: <p>The "<a href="#the-before-html-insertion-mode" title="insertion mode: before html">before
1523: html</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> creates the
1524: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code> root element node, which is then added to the
1525: stack.</p>
1526:
1527: <p>In the <a href="#fragment-case">fragment case</a>, the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
1528: elements</a> is initialized to contain an <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code>
1529: element that is created as part of <a href="#html-fragment-parsing-algorithm" title="html fragment
1530: parsing algorithm">that algorithm</a>. (The <a href="#fragment-case">fragment
1531: case</a> skips the "<a href="#the-before-html-insertion-mode" title="insertion mode: before
1532: html">before html</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a>.)</p>
1533:
1534: <p>The <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code> node, however it is created, is the topmost
1535: node of the stack. It never gets popped off the stack.</p>
1536:
1537: <p>The <dfn id="current-node">current node</dfn> is the bottommost node in this
1538: stack.</p>
1539:
1540: <p>The <dfn id="current-table">current table</dfn> is the last <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code>
1541: element in the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a>, if there is
1542: one. If there is no <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code> element in the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of
1543: open elements</a> (<a href="#fragment-case">fragment case</a>), then the
1544: <a href="#current-table">current table</a> is the first element in the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack
1545: of open elements</a> (the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code> element).</p>
1546:
1547: <p>Elements in the stack fall into the following categories:</p>
1548:
1549: <dl><dt><dfn id="special">Special</dfn></dt>
1550:
1551: <dd><p>The following HTML elements have varying levels of special
1552: parsing rules: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-address-element">address</a></code>, <code><a href="the-canvas-element.html#the-area-element">area</a></code>,
1553: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-article-element">article</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-aside-element">aside</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-base-element">base</a></code>,
1.5 mike 1554: <code><a href="obsolete.html#basefont">basefont</a></code>, <code>bgsound</code>,
1.1 mike 1555: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-blockquote-element">blockquote</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element">body</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-br-element">br</a></code>,
1.5 mike 1556: <code><a href="obsolete.html#center">center</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-col-element">col</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-colgroup-element">colgroup</a></code>,
1.1 mike 1557: <code><a href="interactive-elements.html#the-command">command</a></code>, <code><a href="interactive-elements.html#datagrid">datagrid</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-dd-element">dd</a></code>,
1.5 mike 1558: <code><a href="interactive-elements.html#the-details-element">details</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-dialog-element">dialog</a></code>, <code><a href="obsolete.html#dir">dir</a></code>,
1.1 mike 1559: <code><a href="interactive-elements.html#the-div-element">div</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-dl-element">dl</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-dt-element">dt</a></code>,
1560: <code><a href="embedded-content-0.html#the-embed-element">embed</a></code>, <code><a href="forms.html#the-fieldset-element">fieldset</a></code>, <code><a href="embedded-content-0.html#the-figure-element">figure</a></code>,
1.5 mike 1561: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-footer-element">footer</a></code>, <code><a href="forms.html#the-form-element">form</a></code>, <code><a href="obsolete.html#frame">frame</a></code>,
1562: <code><a href="obsolete.html#frameset">frameset</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements">h1</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements">h2</a></code>,
1.1 mike 1563: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements">h3</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements">h4</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements">h5</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements">h6</a></code>,
1564: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element">head</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-header-element">header</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-hgroup-element">hgroup</a></code>,
1565: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-hr-element">hr</a></code>, <code><a href="embedded-content-0.html#the-iframe-element">iframe</a></code>, <!-- <code>image</code>,
1566: (commented out because this isn't an element that can end up on the
1567: stack, so it doesn't matter) --> <code><a href="embedded-content-0.html#the-img-element">img</a></code>,
1.5 mike 1568: <code><a href="forms.html#the-input-element">input</a></code>, <code><a href="obsolete.html#isindex-0">isindex</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-li-element">li</a></code>,
1.42 mike 1569: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-link-element">link</a></code>, <code><a href="obsolete.html#listing">listing</a></code>, <code><a href="interactive-elements.html#menus">menu</a></code>,
1.5 mike 1570: <code><a href="semantics.html#meta">meta</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-nav-element">nav</a></code>, <code><a href="obsolete.html#noembed">noembed</a></code>,
1571: <code><a href="obsolete.html#noframes">noframes</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-noscript-element">noscript</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-ol-element">ol</a></code>,
1.42 mike 1572: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code>, <code><a href="embedded-content-0.html#the-param-element">param</a></code>, <code><a href="obsolete.html#plaintext">plaintext</a></code>,
1.1 mike 1573: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-pre-element">pre</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#script">script</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-section-element">section</a></code>,
1.5 mike 1574: <code><a href="forms.html#the-select-element">select</a></code>, <code><a href="obsolete.html#spacer">spacer</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-style-element">style</a></code>,
1.1 mike 1575: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code>, <code><a href="forms.html#the-textarea-element">textarea</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tfoot-element">tfoot</a></code>,
1576: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-thead-element">thead</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-title-element">title</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code>,
1577: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-ul-element">ul</a></code>, and <code>wbr</code>.</p></dd>
1578:
1579: <dt><dfn id="scoping">Scoping</dfn></dt>
1580: <dd><p>The following HTML elements introduce new <a href="#has-an-element-in-scope" title="has
1581: an element in scope">scopes</a> for various parts of the
1.5 mike 1582: parsing: <code><a href="obsolete.html#the-applet-element">applet</a></code>, <code><a href="forms.html#the-button-element">button</a></code>,
1583: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-caption-element">caption</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code>, <code><a href="obsolete.html#the-marquee-element-0">marquee</a></code>,
1.1 mike 1584: <code><a href="embedded-content-0.html#the-object-element">object</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-td-element">td</a></code>,
1585: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-th-element">th</a></code>, and SVG's <code>foreignObject</code>.</p></dd>
1586:
1587: <dt><dfn id="formatting">Formatting</dfn></dt>
1588: <dd><p>The following HTML elements are those that end up in the
1589: <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting elements</a>: <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-a-element">a</a></code>,
1.5 mike 1590: <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code>, <code><a href="obsolete.html#big">big</a></code>, <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-code-element">code</a></code>,
1591: <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-em-element">em</a></code>, <code><a href="obsolete.html#font">font</a></code>, <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-i-element">i</a></code>,
1592: <code>nobr</code>, <code><a href="obsolete.html#s">s</a></code>, <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-small-element">small</a></code>,
1593: <code><a href="obsolete.html#strike">strike</a></code>, <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-strong-element">strong</a></code>, <code><a href="obsolete.html#tt">tt</a></code>, and
1594: <code><a href="obsolete.html#u">u</a></code>.</p></dd>
1.1 mike 1595:
1596: <dt><dfn id="phrasing">Phrasing</dfn></dt>
1597: <dd><p>All other elements found while parsing an HTML
1598: document.</p></dd>
1599:
1600: </dl><p>The <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> is said to <dfn id="has-an-element-in-scope" title="has an element in scope">have an element in scope</dfn> when
1601: the following algorithm terminates in a match state:</p>
1602:
1603: <ol><li><p>Initialize <var title="">node</var> to be the <a href="#current-node">current
1604: node</a> (the bottommost node of the stack).</p></li>
1605:
1606: <li><p>If <var title="">node</var> is the target node, terminate in
1607: a match state.</p></li>
1608:
1609: <li><p>Otherwise, if <var title="">node</var> is one of the
1610: following elements, terminate in a failure state:</p>
1.5 mike 1611: <ul class="brief"><li><code><a href="obsolete.html#the-applet-element">applet</a></code> in the HTML namespace</li>
1.1 mike 1612: <li><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-caption-element">caption</a></code> in the HTML namespace</li>
1613: <li><code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code> in the HTML namespace</li> <!-- (This can only happen if the <var title="">node</var> is the topmost node of the <span>stack of open elements</span>, and prevents the next step from being invoked if there are no more elements in the stack.) -->
1614: <li><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code> in the HTML namespace</li>
1615: <li><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-td-element">td</a></code> in the HTML namespace</li>
1616: <li><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-th-element">th</a></code> in the HTML namespace</li>
1617: <li><code><a href="forms.html#the-button-element">button</a></code> in the HTML namespace</li>
1.5 mike 1618: <li><code><a href="obsolete.html#the-marquee-element-0">marquee</a></code> in the HTML namespace</li>
1.1 mike 1619: <li><code><a href="embedded-content-0.html#the-object-element">object</a></code> in the HTML namespace</li>
1620: <li><code title="">foreignObject</code> in the SVG namespace</li>
1621: </ul></li>
1622:
1623: <li><p>Otherwise, set <var title="">node</var> to the previous
1624: entry in the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> and return to step
1625: 2. (This will never fail, since the loop will always terminate in
1626: the previous step if the top of the stack — an
1627: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code> element — is reached.)</p></li>
1628:
1629: </ol><p>The <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> is said to <dfn id="has-an-element-in-table-scope" title="has an element in table scope">have an element in <em>table
1630: scope</em></dfn> when the following algorithm terminates in a match
1631: state:</p>
1632:
1633: <ol><li><p>Initialize <var title="">node</var> to be the <a href="#current-node">current
1634: node</a> (the bottommost node of the stack).</p></li>
1635:
1636: <li><p>If <var title="">node</var> is the target node, terminate in
1637: a match state.</p></li>
1638:
1639: <li><p>Otherwise, if <var title="">node</var> is one of the
1640: following elements, terminate in a failure state:</p>
1641: <ul class="brief"><li><code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code> in the HTML namespace</li> <!-- (This can only happen if the <var title="">node</var> is the topmost node of the <span>stack of open elements</span>, and prevents the next step from being invoked if there are no more elements in the stack.) -->
1642: <li><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code> in the HTML namespace</li>
1643: </ul></li>
1644:
1645: <li><p>Otherwise, set <var title="">node</var> to the previous
1646: entry in the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> and return to step
1647: 2. (This will never fail, since the loop will always terminate in
1648: the previous step if the top of the stack — an
1649: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code> element — is reached.)</p></li>
1650:
1651: </ol><p>Nothing happens if at any time any of the elements in the
1652: <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> are moved to a new location in,
1653: or removed from, the <code>Document</code> tree. In particular, the
1654: stack is not changed in this situation. This can cause, amongst
1655: other strange effects, content to be appended to nodes that are no
1656: longer in the DOM.</p>
1657:
1658: <p class="note">In some cases (namely, when <a href="#adoptionAgency">closing misnested formatting elements</a>),
1659: the stack is manipulated in a random-access fashion.</p>
1660:
1661:
1662: <h5 id="the-list-of-active-formatting-elements"><span class="secno">9.2.3.3 </span>The list of active formatting elements</h5>
1663:
1664: <p>Initially, the <dfn id="list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting elements</dfn> is
1665: empty. It is used to handle mis-nested <a href="#formatting" title="formatting">formatting element tags</a>.</p>
1666:
1667: <p>The list contains elements in the <a href="#formatting">formatting</a>
1668: category, and scope markers. The scope markers are inserted when
1.5 mike 1669: entering <code><a href="obsolete.html#the-applet-element">applet</a></code> elements, buttons, <code><a href="embedded-content-0.html#the-object-element">object</a></code>
1.1 mike 1670: elements, marquees, table cells, and table captions, and are used to
1.5 mike 1671: prevent formatting from "leaking" <em>into</em> <code><a href="obsolete.html#the-applet-element">applet</a></code>
1.1 mike 1672: elements, buttons, <code><a href="embedded-content-0.html#the-object-element">object</a></code> elements, marquees, and
1673: tables.</p>
1674:
1675: <p class="note">The scope markers are unrelated to the concept of an
1676: element being <a href="#has-an-element-in-scope" title="has an element in scope">in
1677: scope</a>.</p>
1678:
1679: <p>In addition, each element in the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting
1680: elements</a> is associated with the token for which it was
1681: created, so that further elements can be created for that token if
1682: necessary.</p>
1683:
1684: <p>When the steps below require the UA to <dfn id="reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements">reconstruct the
1685: active formatting elements</dfn>, the UA must perform the following
1686: steps:</p>
1687:
1688: <ol><li>If there are no entries in the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting
1689: elements</a>, then there is nothing to reconstruct; stop this
1690: algorithm.</li>
1691:
1692: <li>If the last (most recently added) entry in the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of
1693: active formatting elements</a> is a marker, or if it is an
1694: element that is in the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a>, then
1695: there is nothing to reconstruct; stop this algorithm.</li>
1696:
1697: <li>Let <var title="">entry</var> be the last (most recently added)
1698: element in the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting
1699: elements</a>.</li>
1700:
1701: <li>If there are no entries before <var title="">entry</var> in the
1702: <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting elements</a>, then jump to step
1703: 8.</li>
1704:
1705: <li>Let <var title="">entry</var> be the entry one earlier than
1706: <var title="">entry</var> in the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting
1707: elements</a>.</li>
1708:
1709: <li>If <var title="">entry</var> is neither a marker nor an element
1710: that is also in the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a>, go to step
1711: 4.</li>
1712:
1713: <li>Let <var title="">entry</var> be the element one later than
1714: <var title="">entry</var> in the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting
1715: elements</a>.</li>
1716:
1717: <li><a href="#create-an-element-for-the-token">Create an element for the token</a> for which the
1718: element <var title="">entry</var> was created, to obtain <var title="">new element</var>.</li>
1719:
1720: <li>Append <var title="">new element</var> to the <a href="#current-node">current
1721: node</a> and push it onto the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
1722: elements</a> so that it is the new <a href="#current-node">current
1723: node</a>.</li>
1724:
1725: <li>Replace the entry for <var title="">entry</var> in the list
1726: with an entry for <var title="">new element</var>.</li>
1727:
1728: <li>If the entry for <var title="">new element</var> in the
1729: <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting elements</a> is not the last
1730: entry in the list, return to step 7.</li>
1731:
1732: </ol><p>This has the effect of reopening all the formatting elements that
1733: were opened in the current body, cell, or caption (whichever is
1734: youngest) that haven't been explicitly closed.</p>
1735:
1736: <p class="note">The way this specification is written, the
1737: <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting elements</a> always consists of
1738: elements in chronological order with the least recently added
1739: element first and the most recently added element last (except for
1740: while steps 8 to 11 of the above algorithm are being executed, of
1741: course).</p>
1742:
1743: <p>When the steps below require the UA to <dfn id="clear-the-list-of-active-formatting-elements-up-to-the-last-marker">clear the list of
1744: active formatting elements up to the last marker</dfn>, the UA must
1745: perform the following steps:</p>
1746:
1747: <ol><li>Let <var title="">entry</var> be the last (most recently added)
1748: entry in the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting elements</a>.</li>
1749:
1750: <li>Remove <var title="">entry</var> from the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active
1751: formatting elements</a>.</li>
1752:
1753: <li>If <var title="">entry</var> was a marker, then stop the
1754: algorithm at this point. The list has been cleared up to the last
1755: marker.</li>
1756:
1757: <li>Go to step 1.</li>
1758:
1759: </ol><h5 id="the-element-pointers"><span class="secno">9.2.3.4 </span>The element pointers</h5>
1760:
1761: <p>Initially, the <dfn id="head-element-pointer"><code title="">head</code> element
1762: pointer</dfn> and the <dfn id="form-element-pointer"><code title="">form</code> element
1763: pointer</dfn> are both null.</p>
1764:
1765: <p>Once a <code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element">head</a></code> element has been parsed (whether
1766: implicitly or explicitly) the <a href="#head-element-pointer"><code title="">head</code>
1767: element pointer</a> gets set to point to this node.</p>
1768:
1769: <p>The <a href="#form-element-pointer"><code title="">form</code> element pointer</a>
1770: points to the last <code><a href="forms.html#the-form-element">form</a></code> element that was opened and
1771: whose end tag has not yet been seen. It is used to make form
1772: controls associate with forms in the face of dramatically bad
1773: markup, for historical reasons.</p>
1774:
1775:
1776: <h5 id="other-parsing-state-flags"><span class="secno">9.2.3.5 </span>Other parsing state flags</h5>
1777:
1778: <p>The <dfn id="scripting-flag">scripting flag</dfn> is set to "enabled" if <a href="browsers.html#concept-n-script" title="concept-n-script">scripting was enabled</a> for the
1779: <code>Document</code> with which the parser is associated when the
1780: parser was created, and "disabled" otherwise.</p>
1781:
1782: <p class="note">The <a href="#scripting-flag">scripting flag</a> can be enabled even
1783: when the parser was originally created for the <a href="#html-fragment-parsing-algorithm">HTML fragment
1784: parsing algorithm</a>, even though <code><a href="semantics.html#script">script</a></code> elements
1785: don't execute in that case.</p>
1786:
1787: <p>The <dfn id="frameset-ok-flag">frameset-ok flag</dfn> is set to "ok" when the parser is
1788: created. It is set to "not ok" after certain tokens are seen.</p>
1789:
1790:
1791: <h4 id="tokenization"><span class="secno">9.2.4 </span><dfn>Tokenization</dfn></h4>
1792:
1793: <p>Implementations must act as if they used the following state
1794: machine to tokenize HTML. The state machine must start in the
1795: <a href="#data-state">data state</a>. Most states consume a single character,
1796: which may have various side-effects, and either switches the state
1797: machine to a new state to <em>reconsume</em> the same character, or
1798: switches it to a new state (to consume the next character), or
1799: repeats the same state (to consume the next character). Some states
1800: have more complicated behavior and can consume several characters
1801: before switching to another state.</p>
1802:
1803: <p>The exact behavior of certain states depends on a <dfn id="content-model-flag">content
1804: model flag</dfn> that is set after certain tokens are emitted. The
1805: flag has several states: <i title="">PCDATA</i>, <i title="">RCDATA</i>, <i title="">CDATA</i>, and <i title="">PLAINTEXT</i>. Initially, it must be in the PCDATA
1806: state. In the RCDATA and CDATA states, a further <dfn id="escape-flag">escape
1807: flag</dfn> is used to control the behavior of the tokenizer. It is
1808: either true or false, and initially must be set to the false
1809: state. The <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> and the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
1810: elements</a> also affects tokenization.</p>
1811:
1812: <p>The output of the tokenization step is a series of zero or more
1813: of the following tokens: DOCTYPE, start tag, end tag, comment,
1814: character, end-of-file. DOCTYPE tokens have a name, a public
1815: identifier, a system identifier, and a <i>force-quirks
1816: flag</i>. When a DOCTYPE token is created, its name, public
1817: identifier, and system identifier must be marked as missing (which
1818: is a distinct state from the empty string), and the <i>force-quirks
1819: flag</i> must be set to <i>off</i> (its other state is
1820: <i>on</i>). Start and end tag tokens have a tag name, a
1821: <i>self-closing flag</i>, and a list of attributes, each of which
1822: has a name and a value. When a start or end tag token is created,
1823: its <i>self-closing flag</i> must be unset (its other state is that
1824: it be set), and its attributes list must be empty. Comment and
1825: character tokens have data.</p>
1826:
1827: <p>When a token is emitted, it must immediately be handled by the
1828: <a href="#tree-construction">tree construction</a> stage. The tree construction stage
1829: can affect the state of the <a href="#content-model-flag">content model flag</a>, and can
1830: insert additional characters into the stream. (For example, the
1831: <code><a href="semantics.html#script">script</a></code> element can result in scripts executing and
1832: using the <a href="dom.html#dynamic-markup-insertion">dynamic markup insertion</a> APIs to insert
1833: characters into the stream being tokenized.)</p>
1834:
1835: <p>When a start tag token is emitted with its <i>self-closing
1836: flag</i> set, if the flag is not <dfn id="acknowledge-self-closing-flag" title="acknowledge
1837: self-closing flag">acknowledged</dfn> when it is processed by the
1838: tree construction stage, that is a <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>.</p>
1839:
1840: <p>When an end tag token is emitted, the <a href="#content-model-flag">content model
1841: flag</a> must be switched to the PCDATA state.</p>
1842:
1843: <p>When an end tag token is emitted with attributes, that is a
1844: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>.</p>
1845:
1846: <p>When an end tag token is emitted with its <i>self-closing
1847: flag</i> set, that is a <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>.</p>
1848:
1849: <p>Before each step of the tokenizer, the user agent must first
1850: check the <a href="#parser-pause-flag">parser pause flag</a>. If it is true, then the
1851: tokenizer must abort the processing of any nested invocations of the
1852: tokenizer, yielding control back to the caller. If it is false, then
1853: the user agent may then check to see if either one of the scripts in
1854: the <a href="semantics.html#list-of-scripts-that-will-execute-as-soon-as-possible">list of scripts that will execute as soon as
1855: possible</a> or the first script in the <a href="semantics.html#list-of-scripts-that-will-execute-asynchronously">list of scripts
1856: that will execute asynchronously</a>, has <a href="semantics.html#completed-loading">completed
1857: loading</a>. If one has, then it must be <a href="semantics.html#executing-a-script-block" title="executing a
1858: script block">executed</a> and removed from its list.</p>
1859:
1860: <p>The tokenizer state machine consists of the states defined in the
1861: following subsections.</p>
1862:
1863: <!-- XXX should go through these reordering the entries so that
1864: they're in some consistent order, like, by Unicode, errors last, or
1865: something -->
1866:
1867: <h5 id="data-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.1 </span><dfn>Data state</dfn></h5>
1868:
1869: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
1870:
1871: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0026 AMPERSAND (&)</dt>
1872: <dd>When the <a href="#content-model-flag">content model flag</a> is set to one of the
1873: PCDATA or RCDATA states and the <a href="#escape-flag">escape flag</a> is
1874: false: switch to the <a href="#character-reference-data-state">character reference data
1.56 mike 1875: state</a>.</dd>
1876: <dd>Otherwise: treat it as per the "anything else" entry
1877: below.</dd>
1.1 mike 1878:
1879: <dt>U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (-)</dt>
1880: <dd>
1881:
1882: <p>If the <a href="#content-model-flag">content model flag</a> is set to either the
1883: RCDATA state or the CDATA state, and the <a href="#escape-flag">escape flag</a>
1884: is false, and there are at least three characters before this
1885: one in the input stream, and the last four characters in the
1886: input stream, including this one, are U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN,
1887: U+0021 EXCLAMATION MARK, U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS, and U+002D
1888: HYPHEN-MINUS ("<!--"), then set the <a href="#escape-flag">escape flag</a>
1889: to true.</p>
1890:
1891: <p>In any case, emit the input character as a character
1892: token. Stay in the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</p>
1893:
1894: </dd>
1895:
1896: <dt>U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN (<)</dt>
1897: <dd>When the <a href="#content-model-flag">content model flag</a> is set to the PCDATA
1898: state: switch to the <a href="#tag-open-state">tag open state</a>.</dd>
1899: <dd>When the <a href="#content-model-flag">content model flag</a> is set to either the
1900: RCDATA state or the CDATA state, and the <a href="#escape-flag">escape flag</a>
1901: is false: switch to the <a href="#tag-open-state">tag open state</a>.</dd>
1902: <dd>Otherwise: treat it as per the "anything else" entry
1903: below.</dd>
1904:
1905: <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
1906: <dd>
1907:
1908: <p>If the <a href="#content-model-flag">content model flag</a> is set to either the
1909: RCDATA state or the CDATA state, and the <a href="#escape-flag">escape
1910: flag</a> is true, and the last three characters in the input
1911: stream including this one are U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS, U+002D
1912: HYPHEN-MINUS, U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN ("-->"), set the
1913: <a href="#escape-flag">escape flag</a> to false.</p> <!-- no need to check
1914: that there are enough characters, since you can only run into
1915: this if the flag is true in the first place, which requires four
1916: characters. -->
1917:
1918: <p>In any case, emit the input character as a character
1919: token. Stay in the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</p>
1920:
1921: </dd>
1922:
1923: <dt>EOF</dt>
1924: <dd>Emit an end-of-file token.</dd>
1925:
1926: <dt>Anything else</dt>
1927: <dd>Emit the input character as a character token. Stay in the
1928: <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
1929:
1930: </dl><h5 id="character-reference-data-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.2 </span><dfn>Character reference data state</dfn></h5>
1931:
1932: <p><i>(This cannot happen if the <a href="#content-model-flag">content model flag</a>
1933: is set to the CDATA state.)</i></p>
1934:
1935: <p>Attempt to <a href="#consume-a-character-reference">consume a character reference</a>, with no
1936: <a href="#additional-allowed-character">additional allowed character</a>.</p>
1937:
1938: <p>If nothing is returned, emit a U+0026 AMPERSAND character
1939: token.</p>
1940:
1941: <p>Otherwise, emit the character token that was returned.</p>
1942:
1943: <p>Finally, switch to the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</p>
1944:
1945:
1946: <h5 id="tag-open-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.3 </span><dfn>Tag open state</dfn></h5>
1947:
1948: <p>The behavior of this state depends on the <a href="#content-model-flag">content model
1949: flag</a>.</p>
1950:
1951: <dl><dt>If the <a href="#content-model-flag">content model flag</a> is set to the RCDATA
1952: or CDATA states</dt>
1953:
1954: <dd>
1955:
1956: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>. If it is a
1957: U+002F SOLIDUS (/) character, switch to the <a href="#close-tag-open-state">close tag open
1958: state</a>. Otherwise, emit a U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN character
1959: token and reconsume the <a href="#current-input-character">current input character</a> in the
1960: <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</p>
1961:
1962: </dd>
1963:
1964: <dt>If the <a href="#content-model-flag">content model flag</a> is set to the PCDATA
1965: state</dt>
1966:
1967: <dd>
1968:
1969: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
1970:
1971: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0021 EXCLAMATION MARK (!)</dt>
1972: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#markup-declaration-open-state">markup declaration open state</a>.</dd>
1973:
1974: <dt>U+002F SOLIDUS (/)</dt>
1975: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#close-tag-open-state">close tag open state</a>.</dd>
1976:
1977: <dt>U+0041 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A through to U+005A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z</dt>
1978: <dd>Create a new start tag token, set its tag name to the
1979: lowercase version of the input character (add 0x0020 to the
1980: character's code point), then switch to the <a href="#tag-name-state">tag name
1981: state</a>. (Don't emit the token yet; further details will
1982: be filled in before it is emitted.)</dd>
1983:
1984: <dt>U+0061 LATIN SMALL LETTER A through to U+007A LATIN SMALL LETTER Z</dt>
1985: <dd>Create a new start tag token, set its tag name to the input
1986: character, then switch to the <a href="#tag-name-state">tag name
1987: state</a>. (Don't emit the token yet; further details will
1988: be filled in before it is emitted.)</dd>
1989:
1990: <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
1991: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Emit a U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN
1992: character token and a U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN character
1993: token. Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
1994:
1995: <dt>U+003F QUESTION MARK (?)</dt>
1996: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href="#bogus-comment-state">bogus
1997: comment state</a>.</dd>
1998:
1999: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2000: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Emit a U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN
2001: character token and reconsume the <a href="#current-input-character">current input character</a> in the
2002: <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2003:
2004: </dl></dd>
2005:
2006: </dl><h5 id="close-tag-open-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.4 </span><dfn>Close tag open state</dfn></h5>
2007:
2008: <p>If the <a href="#content-model-flag">content model flag</a> is set to the RCDATA or
2009: CDATA states but no start tag token has ever been emitted by this
2010: instance of the tokenizer (<a href="#fragment-case">fragment case</a>), or, if the
2011: <a href="#content-model-flag">content model flag</a> is set to the RCDATA or CDATA states
2012: and the next few characters do not match the tag name of the last
2013: start tag token emitted (compared in an <a href="infrastructure.html#ascii-case-insensitive">ASCII
2014: case-insensitive</a> manner), or if they do but they are not
2015: immediately followed by one of the following characters:</p>
2016:
2017: <ul class="brief"><li>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION</li>
2018: <li>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</li>
2019: <li>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</li>
2020: <!--<li>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</li>-->
2021: <li>U+0020 SPACE</li>
2022: <li>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</li>
2023: <li>U+002F SOLIDUS (/)</li>
2024: <li>EOF</li>
2025: </ul><p>...then emit a U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN character token, a U+002F
2026: SOLIDUS character token, and switch to the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>
2027: to process the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>.</p>
2028:
2029: <p>Otherwise, if the <a href="#content-model-flag">content model flag</a> is set to the
2030: PCDATA state, or if the next few characters <em>do</em> match that tag
2031: name, consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2032:
2033: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0041 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A through to U+005A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z</dt>
2034: <dd>Create a new end tag token, set its tag name to the lowercase
2035: version of the input character (add 0x0020 to the character's
2036: code point), then switch to the <a href="#tag-name-state">tag name
2037: state</a>. (Don't emit the token yet; further details will be
2038: filled in before it is emitted.)</dd>
2039:
2040: <dt>U+0061 LATIN SMALL LETTER A through to U+007A LATIN SMALL LETTER Z</dt>
2041: <dd>Create a new end tag token, set its tag name to the input
2042: character, then switch to the <a href="#tag-name-state">tag name state</a>. (Don't
2043: emit the token yet; further details will be filled in before it
2044: is emitted.)</dd>
2045:
2046: <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
2047: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data
2048: state</a>.</dd>
2049:
2050: <dt>EOF</dt>
2051: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Emit a U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN
2052: character token and a U+002F SOLIDUS character token. Reconsume
2053: the EOF character in the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2054:
2055: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2056: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href="#bogus-comment-state">bogus
2057: comment state</a>.</dd>
2058:
2059: </dl><h5 id="tag-name-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.5 </span><dfn>Tag name state</dfn></h5>
2060:
2061: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2062:
2063: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION</dt>
2064: <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
2065: <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
2066: <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
2067: <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
2068: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#before-attribute-name-state">before attribute name state</a>.</dd>
2069:
2070: <dt>U+002F SOLIDUS (/)</dt>
2071: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#self-closing-start-tag-state">self-closing start tag state</a>.</dd>
2072:
2073: <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
2074: <dd>Emit the current tag token. Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data
2075: state</a>.</dd>
2076:
2077: <dt>U+0041 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A through to U+005A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z</dt>
2078: <dd>Append the lowercase version of the <a href="#current-input-character">current input character</a>
2079: (add 0x0020 to the character's code point) to the current tag
2080: token's tag name. Stay in the <a href="#tag-name-state">tag name state</a>.</dd>
2081:
2082: <dt>EOF</dt>
2083: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Reconsume the EOF character in the
2084: <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2085:
2086: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2087: <dd>Append the <a href="#current-input-character">current input character</a> to the current tag token's
2088: tag name. Stay in the <a href="#tag-name-state">tag name state</a>.</dd>
2089:
2090: </dl><h5 id="before-attribute-name-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.6 </span><dfn>Before attribute name state</dfn></h5>
2091:
2092: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2093:
2094: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION</dt>
2095: <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
2096: <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
2097: <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
2098: <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
2099: <dd>Stay in the <a href="#before-attribute-name-state">before attribute name state</a>.</dd>
2100:
2101: <dt>U+002F SOLIDUS (/)</dt>
2102: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#self-closing-start-tag-state">self-closing start tag state</a>.</dd>
2103:
2104: <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
2105: <dd>Emit the current tag token. Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data
2106: state</a>.</dd>
2107:
2108: <dt>U+0041 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A through to U+005A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z</dt>
2109: <dd>Start a new attribute in the current tag token. Set that
2110: attribute's name to the lowercase version of the <a href="#current-input-character">current input
2111: character</a> (add 0x0020 to the character's code point), and its
2112: value to the empty string. Switch to the <a href="#attribute-name-state">attribute name
2113: state</a>.</dd>
2114:
2115: <dt>U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (")</dt>
2116: <dt>U+0027 APOSTROPHE (')</dt>
2117: <dt>U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN (<)</dt>
2118: <dt>U+003D EQUALS SIGN (=)</dt>
2119: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Treat it as per the "anything else"
2120: entry below.</dd>
2121:
2122: <dt>EOF</dt>
2123: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Reconsume the EOF character in the
2124: <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2125:
2126: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2127: <dd>Start a new attribute in the current tag token. Set that
2128: attribute's name to the <a href="#current-input-character">current input character</a>, and its value to
2129: the empty string. Switch to the <a href="#attribute-name-state">attribute name
2130: state</a>.</dd>
2131:
2132: </dl><h5 id="attribute-name-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.7 </span><dfn>Attribute name state</dfn></h5>
2133:
2134: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2135:
2136: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION</dt>
2137: <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
2138: <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
2139: <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
2140: <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
2141: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#after-attribute-name-state">after attribute name state</a>.</dd>
2142:
2143: <dt>U+002F SOLIDUS (/)</dt>
2144: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#self-closing-start-tag-state">self-closing start tag state</a>.</dd>
2145:
2146: <dt>U+003D EQUALS SIGN (=)</dt>
2147: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#before-attribute-value-state">before attribute value state</a>.</dd>
2148:
2149: <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
2150: <dd>Emit the current tag token. Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data
2151: state</a>.</dd>
2152:
2153: <dt>U+0041 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A through to U+005A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z</dt>
2154: <dd>Append the lowercase version of the <a href="#current-input-character">current input character</a>
2155: (add 0x0020 to the character's code point) to the current
2156: attribute's name. Stay in the <a href="#attribute-name-state">attribute name
2157: state</a>.</dd>
2158:
2159: <dt>U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (")</dt>
2160: <dt>U+0027 APOSTROPHE (')</dt>
2161: <dt>U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN (<)</dt>
2162: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Treat it as per the "anything else"
2163: entry below.</dd>
2164:
2165: <dt>EOF</dt>
2166: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Reconsume the EOF character in the
2167: <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2168:
2169: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2170: <dd>Append the <a href="#current-input-character">current input character</a> to the current attribute's
2171: name. Stay in the <a href="#attribute-name-state">attribute name state</a>.</dd>
2172:
2173: </dl><p>When the user agent leaves the attribute name state (and before
2174: emitting the tag token, if appropriate), the complete attribute's
2175: name must be compared to the other attributes on the same token;
2176: if there is already an attribute on the token with the exact same
2177: name, then this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a> and the new
2178: attribute must be dropped, along with the value that gets
2179: associated with it (if any).</p>
2180:
2181:
2182: <h5 id="after-attribute-name-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.8 </span><dfn>After attribute name state</dfn></h5>
2183:
2184: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2185:
2186: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION</dt>
2187: <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
2188: <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
2189: <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
2190: <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
2191: <dd>Stay in the <a href="#after-attribute-name-state">after attribute name state</a>.</dd>
2192:
2193: <dt>U+002F SOLIDUS (/)</dt>
2194: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#self-closing-start-tag-state">self-closing start tag state</a>.</dd>
2195:
2196: <dt>U+003D EQUALS SIGN (=)</dt>
2197: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#before-attribute-value-state">before attribute value state</a>.</dd>
2198:
2199: <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
2200: <dd>Emit the current tag token. Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data
2201: state</a>.</dd>
2202:
2203: <dt>U+0041 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A through to U+005A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z</dt>
2204: <dd>Start a new attribute in the current tag token. Set that
2205: attribute's name to the lowercase version of the <a href="#current-input-character">current input character</a>
2206: (add 0x0020 to the character's code point), and its value to
2207: the empty string. Switch to the <a href="#attribute-name-state">attribute name
2208: state</a>.</dd>
2209:
2210: <dt>U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (")</dt>
2211: <dt>U+0027 APOSTROPHE (')</dt>
2212: <dt>U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN (<)</dt>
2213: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Treat it as per the "anything else"
2214: entry below.</dd>
2215:
2216: <dt>EOF</dt>
2217: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Reconsume the EOF character in the
2218: <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2219:
2220: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2221: <dd>Start a new attribute in the current tag token. Set that
2222: attribute's name to the <a href="#current-input-character">current input character</a>, and its value to
2223: the empty string. Switch to the <a href="#attribute-name-state">attribute name
2224: state</a>.</dd>
2225:
2226: </dl><h5 id="before-attribute-value-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.9 </span><dfn>Before attribute value state</dfn></h5>
2227:
2228: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2229:
2230: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION</dt>
2231: <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
2232: <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
2233: <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
2234: <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
2235: <dd>Stay in the <a href="#before-attribute-value-state">before attribute value state</a>.</dd>
2236:
2237: <dt>U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (")</dt>
2238: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#attribute-value-double-quoted-state">attribute value (double-quoted) state</a>.</dd>
2239:
2240: <dt>U+0026 AMPERSAND (&)</dt>
2241: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#attribute-value-unquoted-state">attribute value (unquoted) state</a>
2242: and reconsume this input character.</dd>
2243:
2244: <dt>U+0027 APOSTROPHE (')</dt>
2245: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#attribute-value-single-quoted-state">attribute value (single-quoted) state</a>.</dd>
2246:
2247: <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
2248: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Emit the current tag token. Switch to
2249: the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2250:
2251: <dt>U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN (<)</dt>
2252: <dt>U+003D EQUALS SIGN (=)</dt>
2253: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Treat it as per the "anything else"
2254: entry below.</dd>
2255:
2256: <dt>EOF</dt>
2257: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Reconsume the EOF character in the
2258: <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2259:
2260: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2261: <dd>Append the <a href="#current-input-character">current input character</a> to the current
2262: attribute's value. Switch to the <a href="#attribute-value-unquoted-state">attribute value (unquoted)
2263: state</a>.</dd>
2264:
2265: </dl><h5 id="attribute-value-double-quoted-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.10 </span><dfn>Attribute value (double-quoted) state</dfn></h5>
2266:
2267: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2268:
2269: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (")</dt>
2270: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#after-attribute-value-quoted-state">after attribute value (quoted)
2271: state</a>.</dd>
2272:
2273: <dt>U+0026 AMPERSAND (&)</dt>
2274: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#character-reference-in-attribute-value-state">character reference in attribute value
2275: state</a>, with the <a href="#additional-allowed-character">additional allowed character</a>
2276: being U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (").</dd>
2277:
2278: <dt>EOF</dt>
2279: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Reconsume the EOF character in the
2280: <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2281:
2282: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2283: <dd>Append the <a href="#current-input-character">current input character</a> to the current attribute's
2284: value. Stay in the <a href="#attribute-value-double-quoted-state">attribute value (double-quoted)
2285: state</a>.</dd>
2286:
2287: </dl><h5 id="attribute-value-single-quoted-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.11 </span><dfn>Attribute value (single-quoted) state</dfn></h5>
2288:
2289: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2290:
2291: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0027 APOSTROPHE (')</dt>
2292: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#after-attribute-value-quoted-state">after attribute value (quoted)
2293: state</a>.</dd>
2294:
2295: <dt>U+0026 AMPERSAND (&)</dt>
2296: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#character-reference-in-attribute-value-state">character reference in attribute value
2297: state</a>, with the <a href="#additional-allowed-character">additional allowed character</a>
2298: being U+0027 APOSTROPHE (').</dd>
2299:
2300: <dt>EOF</dt>
2301: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Reconsume the EOF character in the
2302: <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2303:
2304: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2305: <dd>Append the <a href="#current-input-character">current input character</a> to the current attribute's
2306: value. Stay in the <a href="#attribute-value-single-quoted-state">attribute value (single-quoted)
2307: state</a>.</dd>
2308:
2309: </dl><h5 id="attribute-value-unquoted-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.12 </span><dfn>Attribute value (unquoted) state</dfn></h5>
2310:
2311: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2312:
2313: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION</dt>
2314: <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
2315: <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
2316: <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
2317: <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
2318: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#before-attribute-name-state">before attribute name state</a>.</dd>
2319:
2320: <dt>U+0026 AMPERSAND (&)</dt>
2321: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#character-reference-in-attribute-value-state">character reference in attribute value
2322: state</a>, with no <a href="#additional-allowed-character">additional allowed
2323: character</a>.</dd>
2324:
2325: <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
2326: <dd>Emit the current tag token. Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data
2327: state</a>.</dd>
2328:
2329: <dt>U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (")</dt>
2330: <dt>U+0027 APOSTROPHE (')</dt>
2331: <dt>U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN (<)</dt>
2332: <dt>U+003D EQUALS SIGN (=)</dt>
2333: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Treat it as per the "anything else"
2334: entry below.</dd>
2335:
2336: <dt>EOF</dt>
2337: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Reconsume the EOF character in the
2338: <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2339:
2340: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2341: <dd>Append the <a href="#current-input-character">current input character</a> to the current attribute's
2342: value. Stay in the <a href="#attribute-value-unquoted-state">attribute value (unquoted)
2343: state</a>.</dd>
2344:
2345: </dl><h5 id="character-reference-in-attribute-value-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.13 </span><dfn>Character reference in attribute value state</dfn></h5>
2346:
2347: <p>Attempt to <a href="#consume-a-character-reference">consume a character reference</a>.</p>
2348:
2349: <p>If nothing is returned, append a U+0026 AMPERSAND character to
2350: the current attribute's value.</p>
2351:
2352: <p>Otherwise, append the returned character token to the current
2353: attribute's value.</p>
2354:
2355: <p>Finally, switch back to the attribute value state that you were
2356: in when were switched into this state.</p>
2357:
2358:
2359: <h5 id="after-attribute-value-quoted-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.14 </span><dfn>After attribute value (quoted) state</dfn></h5>
2360:
2361: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2362:
2363: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION</dt>
2364: <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
2365: <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
2366: <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
2367: <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
2368: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#before-attribute-name-state">before attribute name state</a>.</dd>
2369:
2370: <dt>U+002F SOLIDUS (/)</dt>
2371: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#self-closing-start-tag-state">self-closing start tag state</a>.</dd>
2372:
2373: <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
2374: <dd>Emit the current tag token. Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data
2375: state</a>.</dd>
2376:
2377: <dt>EOF</dt>
2378: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Reconsume the EOF character in the
2379: <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2380:
2381: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2382: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Reconsume the character in
2383: the <a href="#before-attribute-name-state">before attribute name state</a>.</dd>
2384:
2385: </dl><h5 id="self-closing-start-tag-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.15 </span><dfn>Self-closing start tag state</dfn></h5>
2386:
2387: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2388:
2389: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
2390: <dd>Set the <i>self-closing flag</i> of the current tag
2391: token. Emit the current tag token. Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data
2392: state</a>.</dd>
2393:
2394: <dt>EOF</dt>
2395: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Reconsume the EOF character in the
2396: <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2397:
2398: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2399: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Reconsume the character in
2400: the <a href="#before-attribute-name-state">before attribute name state</a>.</dd>
2401:
2402: </dl><h5 id="bogus-comment-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.16 </span><dfn>Bogus comment state</dfn></h5>
2403:
2404: <p><i>(This can only happen if the <a href="#content-model-flag">content model
2405: flag</a> is set to the PCDATA state.)</i></p>
2406:
2407: <p>Consume every character up to and including the first U+003E
2408: GREATER-THAN SIGN character (>) or the end of the file (EOF),
2409: whichever comes first. Emit a comment token whose data is the
2410: concatenation of all the characters starting from and including
2411: the character that caused the state machine to switch into the
2412: bogus comment state, up to and including the character immediately
2413: before the last consumed character (i.e. up to the character just
2414: before the U+003E or EOF character). (If the comment was started
2415: by the end of the file (EOF), the token is empty.)</p>
2416:
2417: <p>Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</p>
2418:
2419: <p>If the end of the file was reached, reconsume the EOF
2420: character.</p>
2421:
2422:
2423: <h5 id="markup-declaration-open-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.17 </span><dfn>Markup declaration open state</dfn></h5>
2424:
2425: <p><i>(This can only happen if the <a href="#content-model-flag">content model
2426: flag</a> is set to the PCDATA state.)</i></p>
2427:
2428: <p>If the next two characters are both U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (-)
2429: characters, consume those two characters, create a comment token
2430: whose data is the empty string, and switch to the <a href="#comment-start-state">comment
2431: start state</a>.</p>
2432:
2433: <p>Otherwise, if the next seven characters are an <a href="infrastructure.html#ascii-case-insensitive">ASCII
2434: case-insensitive</a> match for the word "DOCTYPE", then consume
2435: those characters and switch to the <a href="#doctype-state">DOCTYPE state</a>.</p>
2436:
2437: <p>Otherwise, if the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#parsing-main-inforeign" title="insertion mode: in foreign content">in foreign
2438: content</a>" and the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is not an element
2439: in the <a href="#html-namespace-0">HTML namespace</a> and the next seven characters are
2440: an <span>ASCII case-sensitive</span> match for the string "[CDATA["
2441: (the five uppercase letters "CDATA" with a U+005B LEFT SQUARE
2442: BRACKET character before and after), then consume those characters
2443: and switch to the <a href="#cdata-section-state">CDATA section state</a> (which is
2444: unrelated to the <a href="#content-model-flag">content model flag</a>'s CDATA state).</p>
2445:
2446: <p>Otherwise, this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>. Switch to the
2447: <a href="#bogus-comment-state">bogus comment state</a>. The next character that is
2448: consumed, if any, is the first character that will be in the
2449: comment.</p>
2450:
2451:
2452: <h5 id="comment-start-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.18 </span><dfn>Comment start state</dfn></h5>
2453:
2454: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2455:
2456: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (-)</dt>
2457: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#comment-start-dash-state">comment start dash state</a>.</dd>
2458:
2459: <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
2460: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Emit the comment token. Switch to the
2461: <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd> <!-- see comment in comment end state
2462: -->
2463:
2464: <dt>EOF</dt>
2465: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Emit the comment token. Reconsume
2466: the EOF character in the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2467:
2468: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2469: <dd>Append the input character to the comment token's
2470: data. Switch to the <a href="#comment-state">comment state</a>.</dd>
2471:
2472: </dl><h5 id="comment-start-dash-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.19 </span><dfn>Comment start dash state</dfn></h5>
2473:
2474: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2475:
2476: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (-)</dt>
2477: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#comment-end-state">comment end state</a></dd>
2478:
2479: <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
2480: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Emit the comment token. Switch to
2481: the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2482:
2483: <dt>EOF</dt>
2484: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Emit the comment token. Reconsume the
2485: EOF character in the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd> <!-- see comment
2486: in comment end state -->
2487:
2488: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2489: <dd>Append a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (-) character and the input
2490: character to the comment token's data. Switch to the
2491: <a href="#comment-state">comment state</a>.</dd>
2492:
2493: </dl><h5 id="comment-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.20 </span><dfn id="comment">Comment state</dfn></h5>
2494:
2495: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2496:
2497: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (-)</dt>
2498: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#comment-end-dash-state">comment end dash state</a></dd>
2499:
2500: <dt>EOF</dt>
2501: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Emit the comment token. Reconsume the
2502: EOF character in the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd> <!-- see comment
2503: in comment end state -->
2504:
2505: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2506: <dd>Append the input character to the comment token's data. Stay
2507: in the <a href="#comment-state">comment state</a>.</dd>
2508:
2509: </dl><h5 id="comment-end-dash-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.21 </span><dfn>Comment end dash state</dfn></h5>
2510:
2511: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2512:
2513: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (-)</dt>
2514: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#comment-end-state">comment end state</a></dd>
2515:
2516: <dt>EOF</dt>
2517: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Emit the comment token. Reconsume the
2518: EOF character in the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd> <!-- see comment
2519: in comment end state -->
2520:
2521: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2522: <dd>Append a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (-) character and the input
2523: character to the comment token's data. Switch to the
2524: <a href="#comment-state">comment state</a>.</dd>
2525:
2526: </dl><h5 id="comment-end-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.22 </span><dfn>Comment end state</dfn></h5>
2527:
2528: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2529:
2530: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
2531: <dd>Emit the comment token. Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data
2532: state</a>.</dd>
2533:
2534: <dt>U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (-)</dt>
2535: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Append a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS
2536: (-) character to the comment token's data. Stay in the
2537: <a href="#comment-end-state">comment end state</a>.</dd>
2538:
2539: <dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION</dt>
2540: <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
2541: <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
2542: <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
2543: <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
2544: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Append two U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (-)
2545: characters and the input character to the comment token's
2546: data. Switch to the <a href="#comment-end-space-state">comment end space state</a>.</dd>
2547:
2548: <dt>U+0021 EXCLAMATION MARK (!)</dt>
2549: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href="#comment-end-bang-state">comment end bang
2550: state</a>.</dd>
2551:
2552: <dt>EOF</dt>
2553: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Emit the comment token. Reconsume
2554: the EOF character in the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd> <!-- For
2555: security reasons: otherwise, hostile user could put a <script> in
2556: a comment e.g. in a blog comment and then DOS the server so that
2557: the end tag isn't read, and then the commented <script> tag would
2558: be treated as live code -->
2559:
2560: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2561: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Append two U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (-)
2562: characters and the input character to the comment token's
2563: data. Switch to the <a href="#comment-state">comment state</a>.</dd>
2564:
2565: </dl><h5 id="comment-end-bang-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.23 </span><dfn>Comment end bang state</dfn></h5>
2566:
2567: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2568:
2569: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
2570: <dd>Emit the comment token. Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data
2571: state</a>.</dd>
2572:
2573: <dt>U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (-)</dt>
2574: <dd>Append two U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (-) characters and a U+0021
2575: EXCLAMATION MARK (!) character to the comment token's data. Switch
2576: to the <a href="#comment-end-dash-state">comment end dash state</a>.</dd>
2577:
2578: <dt>EOF</dt>
2579: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Emit the comment token. Reconsume
2580: the EOF character in the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd> <!-- see
2581: comment in comment end state -->
2582:
2583: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2584: <dd>Append two U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (-) characters, a U+0021
2585: EXCLAMATION MARK (!) character, and the input character to the
2586: comment token's data. Switch to the <a href="#comment-state">comment
2587: state</a>.</dd>
2588:
2589: </dl><h5 id="comment-end-space-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.24 </span><dfn>Comment end space state</dfn></h5>
2590:
2591: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2592:
2593: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
2594: <dd>Emit the comment token. Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data
2595: state</a>.</dd>
2596:
2597: <dt>U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (-)</dt>
2598: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#comment-end-dash-state">comment end dash state</a>.</dd>
2599:
2600: <dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION</dt>
2601: <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
2602: <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
2603: <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
2604: <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
2605: <dd>Append the input character to the comment token's data. Stay in
2606: the <a href="#comment-end-space-state">comment end space state</a>.</dd>
2607:
2608: <dt>EOF</dt>
2609: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Emit the comment token. Reconsume
2610: the EOF character in the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd> <!-- see
2611: comment in comment end state -->
2612:
2613: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2614: <dd>Append the input character to the comment token's data. Switch
2615: to the <a href="#comment-state">comment state</a>.</dd>
2616:
2617: </dl><h5 id="doctype-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.25 </span><dfn>DOCTYPE state</dfn></h5>
2618:
2619: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2620:
2621: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION</dt>
2622: <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
2623: <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
2624: <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
2625: <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
2626: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#before-doctype-name-state">before DOCTYPE name state</a>.</dd>
2627:
2628: <dt>EOF</dt>
2629: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Create a new DOCTYPE token. Set its
2630: <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit the token. Reconsume
2631: the EOF character in the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2632:
2633: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2634: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Reconsume the current
2635: character in the <a href="#before-doctype-name-state">before DOCTYPE name state</a>.</dd>
2636:
2637: </dl><h5 id="before-doctype-name-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.26 </span><dfn>Before DOCTYPE name state</dfn></h5>
2638:
2639: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2640:
2641: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION</dt>
2642: <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
2643: <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
2644: <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
2645: <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
2646: <dd>Stay in the <a href="#before-doctype-name-state">before DOCTYPE name state</a>.</dd>
2647:
2648: <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
2649: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Create a new DOCTYPE token. Set its
2650: <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit the token. Switch to
2651: the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2652:
2653: <dt>U+0041 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A through to U+005A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z</dt>
2654: <dd>Create a new DOCTYPE token. Set the token's name to the
2655: lowercase version of the input character (add 0x0020 to the
2656: character's code point). Switch to the <a href="#doctype-name-state">DOCTYPE name
2657: state</a>.</dd>
2658:
2659: <dt>EOF</dt>
2660: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Create a new DOCTYPE token. Set its
2661: <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit the token. Reconsume
2662: the EOF character in the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2663:
2664: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2665: <dd>Create a new DOCTYPE token. Set the token's name to the
2666: <a href="#current-input-character">current input character</a>. Switch to the <a href="#doctype-name-state">DOCTYPE name
2667: state</a>.</dd>
2668:
2669: </dl><h5 id="doctype-name-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.27 </span><dfn>DOCTYPE name state</dfn></h5>
2670:
2671: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2672:
2673: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION</dt>
2674: <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
2675: <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
2676: <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
2677: <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
2678: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#after-doctype-name-state">after DOCTYPE name state</a>.</dd>
2679:
2680: <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
2681: <dd>Emit the current DOCTYPE token. Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data
2682: state</a>.</dd>
2683:
2684: <dt>U+0041 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A through to U+005A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z</dt>
2685: <dd>Append the lowercase version of the input character (add 0x0020
2686: to the character's code point) to the current DOCTYPE token's
2687: name. Stay in the <a href="#doctype-name-state">DOCTYPE name state</a>.</dd>
2688:
2689: <dt>EOF</dt>
2690: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
2691: <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit that DOCTYPE token.
2692: Reconsume the EOF character in the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2693:
2694: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2695: <dd>Append the <a href="#current-input-character">current input character</a> to the current DOCTYPE
2696: token's name. Stay in the <a href="#doctype-name-state">DOCTYPE name state</a>.</dd>
2697:
2698: </dl><h5 id="after-doctype-name-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.28 </span><dfn>After DOCTYPE name state</dfn></h5>
2699:
2700: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2701:
2702: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION</dt>
2703: <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
2704: <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
2705: <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
2706: <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
2707: <dd>Stay in the <a href="#after-doctype-name-state">after DOCTYPE name state</a>.</dd>
2708:
2709: <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
2710: <dd>Emit the current DOCTYPE token. Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data
2711: state</a>.</dd>
2712:
2713: <dt>EOF</dt>
2714: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
2715: <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit that DOCTYPE token.
2716: Reconsume the EOF character in the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2717:
2718: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2719: <dd>
2720:
2721: <p>If the six characters starting from the <a href="#current-input-character">current input
2722: character</a> are an <a href="infrastructure.html#ascii-case-insensitive">ASCII case-insensitive</a> match
2723: for the word "PUBLIC", then consume those characters and switch to
2724: the <a href="#before-doctype-public-identifier-state">before DOCTYPE public identifier state</a>.</p>
2725:
2726: <p>Otherwise, if the six characters starting from the
2727: <a href="#current-input-character">current input character</a> are an <a href="infrastructure.html#ascii-case-insensitive">ASCII
2728: case-insensitive</a> match for the word "SYSTEM", then consume
2729: those characters and switch to the <a href="#before-doctype-system-identifier-state">before DOCTYPE system
2730: identifier state</a>.</p>
2731:
2732: <p>Otherwise, this is the <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>. Set the
2733: DOCTYPE token's <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Switch to
2734: the <a href="#bogus-doctype-state">bogus DOCTYPE state</a>.</p>
2735:
2736: </dd>
2737:
2738: </dl><h5 id="before-doctype-public-identifier-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.29 </span><dfn>Before DOCTYPE public identifier state</dfn></h5>
2739:
2740: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2741:
2742: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION</dt>
2743: <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
2744: <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
2745: <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
2746: <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
2747: <dd>Stay in the <a href="#before-doctype-public-identifier-state">before DOCTYPE public identifier state</a>.</dd>
2748:
2749: <dt>U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (")</dt>
2750: <dd>Set the DOCTYPE token's public identifier to the empty string
2751: (not missing), then switch to the <a href="#doctype-public-identifier-double-quoted-state">DOCTYPE public identifier
2752: (double-quoted) state</a>.</dd>
2753:
2754: <dt>U+0027 APOSTROPHE (')</dt>
2755: <dd>Set the DOCTYPE token's public identifier to the empty string
2756: (not missing), then switch to the <a href="#doctype-public-identifier-single-quoted-state">DOCTYPE public identifier
2757: (single-quoted) state</a>.</dd>
2758:
2759: <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
2760: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
2761: <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit that DOCTYPE
2762: token. Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2763:
2764: <dt>EOF</dt>
2765: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
2766: <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit that DOCTYPE token.
2767: Reconsume the EOF character in the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2768:
2769: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2770: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
2771: <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Switch to the <a href="#bogus-doctype-state">bogus
2772: DOCTYPE state</a>.</dd>
2773:
2774: </dl><h5 id="doctype-public-identifier-double-quoted-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.30 </span><dfn>DOCTYPE public identifier (double-quoted) state</dfn></h5>
2775:
2776: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2777:
2778: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (")</dt>
2779: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#after-doctype-public-identifier-state">after DOCTYPE public identifier state</a>.</dd>
2780:
2781: <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
2782: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
2783: <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit that DOCTYPE
2784: token. Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2785:
2786: <dt>EOF</dt>
2787: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
2788: <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit that DOCTYPE token.
2789: Reconsume the EOF character in the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2790:
2791: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2792: <dd>Append the <a href="#current-input-character">current input character</a> to the current DOCTYPE
2793: token's public identifier. Stay in the <a href="#doctype-public-identifier-double-quoted-state">DOCTYPE public
2794: identifier (double-quoted) state</a>.</dd>
2795:
2796: </dl><h5 id="doctype-public-identifier-single-quoted-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.31 </span><dfn>DOCTYPE public identifier (single-quoted) state</dfn></h5>
2797:
2798: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2799:
2800: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0027 APOSTROPHE (')</dt>
2801: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#after-doctype-public-identifier-state">after DOCTYPE public identifier state</a>.</dd>
2802:
2803: <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
2804: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
2805: <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit that DOCTYPE
2806: token. Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2807:
2808: <dt>EOF</dt>
2809: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
2810: <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit that DOCTYPE token.
2811: Reconsume the EOF character in the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2812:
2813: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2814: <dd>Append the <a href="#current-input-character">current input character</a> to the current DOCTYPE
2815: token's public identifier. Stay in the <a href="#doctype-public-identifier-single-quoted-state">DOCTYPE public
2816: identifier (single-quoted) state</a>.</dd>
2817:
2818: </dl><h5 id="after-doctype-public-identifier-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.32 </span><dfn>After DOCTYPE public identifier state</dfn></h5>
2819:
2820: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2821:
2822: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION</dt>
2823: <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
2824: <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
2825: <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
2826: <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
2827: <dd>Stay in the <a href="#after-doctype-public-identifier-state">after DOCTYPE public identifier state</a>.</dd>
2828:
2829: <dt>U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (")</dt>
2830: <dd>Set the DOCTYPE token's system identifier to the empty string
2831: (not missing), then switch to the <a href="#doctype-system-identifier-double-quoted-state">DOCTYPE system identifier
2832: (double-quoted) state</a>.</dd>
2833:
2834: <dt>U+0027 APOSTROPHE (')</dt>
2835: <dd>Set the DOCTYPE token's system identifier to the empty string
2836: (not missing), then switch to the <a href="#doctype-system-identifier-single-quoted-state">DOCTYPE system identifier
2837: (single-quoted) state</a>.</dd>
2838:
2839: <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
2840: <dd>Emit the current DOCTYPE token. Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data
2841: state</a>.</dd>
2842:
2843: <dt>EOF</dt>
2844: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
2845: <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit that DOCTYPE token.
2846: Reconsume the EOF character in the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2847:
2848: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2849: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
2850: <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Switch to the <a href="#bogus-doctype-state">bogus
2851: DOCTYPE state</a>.</dd>
2852:
2853: </dl><h5 id="before-doctype-system-identifier-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.33 </span><dfn>Before DOCTYPE system identifier state</dfn></h5>
2854:
2855: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2856:
2857: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION</dt>
2858: <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
2859: <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
2860: <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
2861: <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
2862: <dd>Stay in the <a href="#before-doctype-system-identifier-state">before DOCTYPE system identifier state</a>.</dd>
2863:
2864: <dt>U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (")</dt>
2865: <dd>Set the DOCTYPE token's system identifier to the empty string
2866: (not missing), then switch to the <a href="#doctype-system-identifier-double-quoted-state">DOCTYPE system identifier
2867: (double-quoted) state</a>.</dd>
2868:
2869: <dt>U+0027 APOSTROPHE (')</dt>
2870: <dd>Set the DOCTYPE token's system identifier to the empty string
2871: (not missing), then switch to the <a href="#doctype-system-identifier-single-quoted-state">DOCTYPE system identifier
2872: (single-quoted) state</a>.</dd>
2873:
2874: <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
2875: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
2876: <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit that DOCTYPE
2877: token. Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2878:
2879: <dt>EOF</dt>
2880: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
2881: <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit that DOCTYPE token.
2882: Reconsume the EOF character in the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2883:
2884: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2885: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
2886: <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Switch to the <a href="#bogus-doctype-state">bogus
2887: DOCTYPE state</a>.</dd>
2888:
2889: </dl><h5 id="doctype-system-identifier-double-quoted-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.34 </span><dfn>DOCTYPE system identifier (double-quoted) state</dfn></h5>
2890:
2891: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2892:
2893: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (")</dt>
2894: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#after-doctype-system-identifier-state">after DOCTYPE system identifier state</a>.</dd>
2895:
2896: <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
2897: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
2898: <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit that DOCTYPE
2899: token. Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2900:
2901: <dt>EOF</dt>
2902: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
2903: <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit that DOCTYPE token.
2904: Reconsume the EOF character in the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2905:
2906: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2907: <dd>Append the <a href="#current-input-character">current input character</a> to the current DOCTYPE
2908: token's system identifier. Stay in the <a href="#doctype-system-identifier-double-quoted-state">DOCTYPE system
2909: identifier (double-quoted) state</a>.</dd>
2910:
2911: </dl><h5 id="doctype-system-identifier-single-quoted-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.35 </span><dfn>DOCTYPE system identifier (single-quoted) state</dfn></h5>
2912:
2913: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2914:
2915: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0027 APOSTROPHE (')</dt>
2916: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#after-doctype-system-identifier-state">after DOCTYPE system identifier state</a>.</dd>
2917:
2918: <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
2919: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
2920: <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit that DOCTYPE
2921: token. Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2922:
2923: <dt>EOF</dt>
2924: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
2925: <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit that DOCTYPE token.
2926: Reconsume the EOF character in the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2927:
2928: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2929: <dd>Append the <a href="#current-input-character">current input character</a> to the current DOCTYPE
2930: token's system identifier. Stay in the <a href="#doctype-system-identifier-single-quoted-state">DOCTYPE system
2931: identifier (single-quoted) state</a>.</dd>
2932:
2933: </dl><h5 id="after-doctype-system-identifier-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.36 </span><dfn>After DOCTYPE system identifier state</dfn></h5>
2934:
2935: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2936:
2937: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION</dt>
2938: <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
2939: <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
2940: <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
2941: <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
2942: <dd>Stay in the <a href="#after-doctype-system-identifier-state">after DOCTYPE system identifier state</a>.</dd>
2943:
2944: <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
2945: <dd>Emit the current DOCTYPE token. Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data
2946: state</a>.</dd>
2947:
2948: <dt>EOF</dt>
2949: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
2950: <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit that DOCTYPE token.
2951: Reconsume the EOF character in the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2952:
2953: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2954: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href="#bogus-doctype-state">bogus DOCTYPE
2955: state</a>. (This does <em>not</em> set the DOCTYPE token's
2956: <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>.)</dd>
2957:
2958: </dl><h5 id="bogus-doctype-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.37 </span><dfn>Bogus DOCTYPE state</dfn></h5>
2959:
2960: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2961:
2962: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
2963: <dd>Emit the DOCTYPE token. Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data
2964: state</a>.</dd>
2965:
2966: <dt>EOF</dt>
2967: <dd>Emit the DOCTYPE token. Reconsume the EOF character in the
2968: <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2969:
2970: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2971: <dd>Stay in the <a href="#bogus-doctype-state">bogus DOCTYPE state</a>.</dd>
2972:
2973: </dl><h5 id="cdata-section-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.38 </span><dfn>CDATA section state</dfn></h5>
2974:
2975: <p><i>(This can only happen if the <a href="#content-model-flag">content model
2976: flag</a> is set to the PCDATA state, and is unrelated to the
2977: <a href="#content-model-flag">content model flag</a>'s CDATA state.)</i></p>
2978:
2979: <p>Consume every character up to the next occurrence of the three
2980: character sequence U+005D RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET U+005D RIGHT SQUARE
2981: BRACKET U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (<code title="">]]></code>), or the
2982: end of the file (EOF), whichever comes first. Emit a series of
2983: character tokens consisting of all the characters consumed except
2984: the matching three character sequence at the end (if one was found
2985: before the end of the file).</p>
2986:
2987: <p>Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</p>
2988:
2989: <p>If the end of the file was reached, reconsume the EOF
2990: character.</p>
2991:
2992:
2993:
2994: <h5 id="tokenizing-character-references"><span class="secno">9.2.4.39 </span>Tokenizing character references</h5>
2995:
2996: <p>This section defines how to <dfn id="consume-a-character-reference">consume a character
2997: reference</dfn>. This definition is used when parsing character
2998: references <a href="#character-reference-data-state" title="character reference data state">in
2999: text</a> and <a href="#character-reference-in-attribute-value-state" title="character reference in attribute value
3000: state">in attributes</a>.</p>
3001:
3002: <p>The behavior depends on the identity of the next character (the
3003: one immediately after the U+0026 AMPERSAND character):</p>
3004:
3005: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION</dt>
3006: <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
3007: <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
3008: <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
3009: <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
3010: <dt>U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN</dt>
3011: <dt>U+0026 AMPERSAND</dt>
3012: <dt>EOF</dt>
3013: <dt>The <dfn id="additional-allowed-character">additional allowed character</dfn>, if there is one</dt>
3014:
3015: <dd>Not a character reference. No characters are consumed, and
3016: nothing is returned. (This is not an error, either.)</dd>
3017:
3018:
3019: <dt>U+0023 NUMBER SIGN (#)</dt>
3020:
3021: <dd>
3022:
3023: <p>Consume the U+0023 NUMBER SIGN.</p>
3024:
3025: <p>The behavior further depends on the character after the U+0023
3026: NUMBER SIGN:</p>
3027:
3028: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0078 LATIN SMALL LETTER X</dt>
3029: <dt>U+0058 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X</dt>
3030:
3031: <dd>
3032:
3033: <p>Consume the X.</p>
3034:
3035: <p>Follow the steps below, but using the range of characters
3036: U+0030 DIGIT ZERO through to U+0039 DIGIT NINE, U+0061 LATIN
3037: SMALL LETTER A through to U+0066 LATIN SMALL LETTER F, and
3038: U+0041 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A, through to U+0046 LATIN CAPITAL
3039: LETTER F (in other words, 0-9, A-F, a-f).</p>
3040:
3041: <p>When it comes to interpreting the number, interpret it as a
3042: hexadecimal number.</p>
3043:
3044: </dd>
3045:
3046:
3047: <dt>Anything else</dt>
3048:
3049: <dd>
3050:
3051: <p>Follow the steps below, but using the range of characters
3052: U+0030 DIGIT ZERO through to U+0039 DIGIT NINE (i.e. just
3053: 0-9).</p>
3054:
3055: <p>When it comes to interpreting the number, interpret it as a
3056: decimal number.</p>
3057:
3058: </dd>
3059:
3060: </dl><p>Consume as many characters as match the range of characters
3061: given above.</p>
3062:
3063: <p>If no characters match the range, then don't consume any
3064: characters (and unconsume the U+0023 NUMBER SIGN character and, if
3065: appropriate, the X character). This is a <a href="#parse-error">parse
3066: error</a>; nothing is returned.</p>
3067:
3068: <p>Otherwise, if the next character is a U+003B SEMICOLON, consume
3069: that too. If it isn't, there is a <a href="#parse-error">parse
3070: error</a>.</p>
3071:
3072: <p>If one or more characters match the range, then take them all
3073: and interpret the string of characters as a number (either
3074: hexadecimal or decimal as appropriate).</p>
3075:
3076: <p>If that number is one of the numbers in the first column of the
3077: following table, then this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>. Find the
3078: row with that number in the first column, and return a character
3079: token for the Unicode character given in the second column of that
3080: row.</p>
3081:
3082: <table><thead><tr><th>Number </th><th colspan="2">Unicode character
3083: </th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>0x00 </td><td>U+FFFD </td><td>REPLACEMENT CHARACTER
3084: </td></tr><tr><td>0x0D </td><td>U+000A </td><td>LINE FEED (LF)
3085: </td></tr><tr><td>0x80 </td><td>U+20AC </td><td>EURO SIGN ('€')
3086: </td></tr><tr><td>0x81 </td><td>U+0081 </td><td><control>
3087: </td></tr><tr><td>0x82 </td><td>U+201A </td><td>SINGLE LOW-9 QUOTATION MARK ('‚')
3088: </td></tr><tr><td>0x83 </td><td>U+0192 </td><td>LATIN SMALL LETTER F WITH HOOK ('ƒ')
3089: </td></tr><tr><td>0x84 </td><td>U+201E </td><td>DOUBLE LOW-9 QUOTATION MARK ('„')
3090: </td></tr><tr><td>0x85 </td><td>U+2026 </td><td>HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS ('…')
3091: </td></tr><tr><td>0x86 </td><td>U+2020 </td><td>DAGGER ('†')
3092: </td></tr><tr><td>0x87 </td><td>U+2021 </td><td>DOUBLE DAGGER ('‡')
3093: </td></tr><tr><td>0x88 </td><td>U+02C6 </td><td>MODIFIER LETTER CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT ('ˆ')
3094: </td></tr><tr><td>0x89 </td><td>U+2030 </td><td>PER MILLE SIGN ('‰')
3095: </td></tr><tr><td>0x8A </td><td>U+0160 </td><td>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH CARON ('Š')
3096: </td></tr><tr><td>0x8B </td><td>U+2039 </td><td>SINGLE LEFT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK ('‹')
3097: </td></tr><tr><td>0x8C </td><td>U+0152 </td><td>LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE OE ('Œ')
3098: </td></tr><tr><td>0x8D </td><td>U+008D </td><td><control>
3099: </td></tr><tr><td>0x8E </td><td>U+017D </td><td>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH CARON ('Ž')
3100: </td></tr><tr><td>0x8F </td><td>U+008F </td><td><control>
3101: </td></tr><tr><td>0x90 </td><td>U+0090 </td><td><control>
3102: </td></tr><tr><td>0x91 </td><td>U+2018 </td><td>LEFT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK ('‘')
3103: </td></tr><tr><td>0x92 </td><td>U+2019 </td><td>RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK ('’')
3104: </td></tr><tr><td>0x93 </td><td>U+201C </td><td>LEFT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK ('“')
3105: </td></tr><tr><td>0x94 </td><td>U+201D </td><td>RIGHT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK ('”')
3106: </td></tr><tr><td>0x95 </td><td>U+2022 </td><td>BULLET ('•')
3107: </td></tr><tr><td>0x96 </td><td>U+2013 </td><td>EN DASH ('–')
3108: </td></tr><tr><td>0x97 </td><td>U+2014 </td><td>EM DASH ('—')
3109: </td></tr><tr><td>0x98 </td><td>U+02DC </td><td>SMALL TILDE ('˜')
3110: </td></tr><tr><td>0x99 </td><td>U+2122 </td><td>TRADE MARK SIGN ('™')
3111: </td></tr><tr><td>0x9A </td><td>U+0161 </td><td>LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH CARON ('š')
3112: </td></tr><tr><td>0x9B </td><td>U+203A </td><td>SINGLE RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK ('›')
3113: </td></tr><tr><td>0x9C </td><td>U+0153 </td><td>LATIN SMALL LIGATURE OE ('œ')
3114: </td></tr><tr><td>0x9D </td><td>U+009D </td><td><control>
3115: </td></tr><tr><td>0x9E </td><td>U+017E </td><td>LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH CARON ('ž')
3116: </td></tr><tr><td>0x9F </td><td>U+0178 </td><td>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH DIAERESIS ('Ÿ')
1.18 mike 3117: </td></tr></tbody></table><p>Otherwise, if the number is greater than 0x10FFFF, then this is
3118: a <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>. Return a U+FFFD REPLACEMENT
3119: CHARACTER.</p>
3120:
3121: <p>Otherwise, return a character token for the Unicode character
1.1 mike 3122: whose code point is that number.
3123:
3124: <!-- this is the same as the equivalent list in the input stream
3125: section -->
3126: If the number is in the range 0x0001 to 0x0008, <!-- HT, LF
3127: allowed --> <!-- U+000B is in the next list --> <!-- FF, CR
3128: allowed --> 0x000E to 0x001F, <!-- ASCII allowed --> 0x007F <!--to
3129: 0x0084, (0x0085 NEL not allowed), 0x0086--> to 0x009F, 0xD800 to
3130: 0xDFFF<!-- surrogates not allowed -->, 0xFDD0 to 0xFDEF, or is one
3131: of 0x000B, 0xFFFE, 0xFFFF, 0x1FFFE, 0x1FFFF, 0x2FFFE, 0x2FFFF,
3132: 0x3FFFE, 0x3FFFF, 0x4FFFE, 0x4FFFF, 0x5FFFE, 0x5FFFF, 0x6FFFE,
3133: 0x6FFFF, 0x7FFFE, 0x7FFFF, 0x8FFFE, 0x8FFFF, 0x9FFFE, 0x9FFFF,
3134: 0xAFFFE, 0xAFFFF, 0xBFFFE, 0xBFFFF, 0xCFFFE, 0xCFFFF, 0xDFFFE,
3135: 0xDFFFF, 0xEFFFE, 0xEFFFF, 0xFFFFE, 0xFFFFF, 0x10FFFE, or
1.18 mike 3136: 0x10FFFF, then this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>.</p>
1.1 mike 3137:
3138: </dd>
3139:
3140:
3141: <dt>Anything else</dt>
3142:
3143: <dd>
3144:
3145: <p>Consume the maximum number of characters possible, with the
3146: consumed characters matching one of the identifiers in the first
3147: column of the <a href="named-character-references.html#named-character-references">named character references</a> table (in a
3148: <a href="infrastructure.html#case-sensitive">case-sensitive</a> manner).</p>
3149:
3150: <p>If no match can be made, then this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse
3151: error</a>. No characters are consumed, and nothing is
3152: returned.</p>
3153:
3154: <p>If the last character matched is not a U+003B SEMICOLON (<code title="">;</code>), there is a <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>.</p>
3155:
3156: <p>If the character reference is being consumed <a href="#character-reference-in-attribute-value-state" title="character reference in attribute value state">as part of an
3157: attribute</a>, and the last character matched is not a U+003B
3158: SEMICOLON (<code title="">;</code>), and the next character is in
3159: the range U+0030 DIGIT ZERO to U+0039 DIGIT NINE, U+0041 LATIN
3160: CAPITAL LETTER A to U+005A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z, or U+0061 LATIN
3161: SMALL LETTER A to U+007A LATIN SMALL LETTER Z, then, for
3162: historical reasons, all the characters that were matched after the
3163: U+0026 AMPERSAND (&) must be unconsumed, and nothing is
3164: returned.</p>
3165:
3166: <p>Otherwise, return a character token for the character
3167: corresponding to the character reference name (as given by the
3168: second column of the <a href="named-character-references.html#named-character-references">named character references</a>
3169: table).</p>
3170:
3171: <div class="example">
3172:
3173: <p>If the markup contains <code title="">I'm &notit; I tell
3174: you</code>, the character reference is parsed as "not", as in,
3175: <code title="">I'm ¬it; I tell you</code>. But if the markup
3176: was <code title="">I'm &notin; I tell you</code>, the
3177: character reference would be parsed as "notin;", resulting in
3178: <code title="">I'm ∉ I tell you</code>.</p>
3179:
3180: </div>
3181:
3182: </dd>
3183:
3184: </dl><h4 id="tree-construction"><span class="secno">9.2.5 </span><dfn>Tree construction</dfn></h4>
3185:
3186: <p>The input to the tree construction stage is a sequence of tokens
3187: from the <a href="#tokenization">tokenization</a> stage. The tree construction
3188: stage is associated with a DOM <code>Document</code> object when a
3189: parser is created. The "output" of this stage consists of
3190: dynamically modifying or extending that document's DOM tree.</p>
3191:
3192: <p>This specification does not define when an interactive user agent
3193: has to render the <code>Document</code> so that it is available to
3194: the user, or when it has to begin accepting user input.</p>
3195:
3196: <p>As each token is emitted from the tokenizer, the user agent must
3197: process the token according to the rules given in the section
3198: corresponding to the current <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a>.</p>
3199:
3200: <p>When the steps below require the UA to <dfn id="insert-a-character">insert a
3201: character</dfn> into a node, if that node has a child immediately
3202: before where the character is to be inserted, and that child is a
3203: <code>Text</code> node, and that <code>Text</code> node was the last
3204: node that the parser inserted into the document, then the character
3205: must be appended to that <code>Text</code> node; otherwise, a new
3206: <code>Text</code> node whose data is just that character must be
3207: inserted in the appropriate place.</p>
3208:
3209: <div class="example">
3210:
3211: <p>Here are some sample inputs to the parser and the corresponding
3212: number of text nodes that they result in, assuming a user agent
3213: that executes scripts.</p>
3214:
3215: <table><thead><tr><th>Input </th><th>Number of text nodes
3216: </th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><pre>A<script>
3217: var script = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];
3218: document.body.removeChild(script);
3219: </script>B</pre>
3220: </td><td>Two adjacent text nodes in the document, containing "A" and "B".
3221: </td></tr><tr><td><pre>A<script>
3222: var text = document.createTextNode('B');
3223: document.body.appendChild(text);
3224: </script>C</pre>
3225: </td><td>Four text nodes; "A" before the script, the script's contents, "B" after the script, and then, immediately after that, "C".
3226: </td></tr><tr><td><pre>A<script>
3227: var text = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0].firstChild;
3228: text.data = 'B';
3229: document.body.appendChild(text);
3230: </script>B</pre>
3231: </td><td>Two adjacent text nodes in the document, containing "A" and "BB".
3232: </td></tr><tr><td><pre>A<table>B<tr>C</tr>C</table></pre>
3233: </td><td>Three adjacent text nodes before the table, containing "A", "B", and "CC" respectively. (This is caused by <a href="#foster-parent" title="foster parent">foster parenting</a>.)
3234: </td></tr><tr><td><pre>A<table><tr> B</tr> B</table></pre>
3235: </td><td>Two adjacent text nodes before the table, containing "A" and " B B" (space-B-space-B) respectively. (This is caused by <a href="#foster-parent" title="foster parent">foster parenting</a>.)
3236: </td></tr><tr><td><pre>A<table><tr> B</tr> </em>C</table></pre>
3237: </td><td>Three adjacent text nodes before the table, containing "A", " B" (space-B), and "C" respectively, and one text node inside the table (as a child of a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code>) with a single space character. (Space characters separated from non-space characters by non-character tokens are not affected by <a href="#foster-parent" title="foster parent">foster parenting</a>, even if those other tokens then get ignored.)
3238: </td></tr></tbody></table></div>
3239:
3240: <p id="mutation-during-parsing">DOM mutation events must not fire
3241: for changes caused by the UA parsing the document. (Conceptually,
3242: the parser is not mutating the DOM, it is constructing it.) This
3243: includes the parsing of any content inserted using <code title="dom-document-write"><a href="dom.html#dom-document-write">document.write()</a></code> and <code title="dom-document-writeln"><a href="dom.html#dom-document-writeln">document.writeln()</a></code> calls. <a href="references.html#references">[DOM3EVENTS]</a></p>
3244:
3245: <p class="note">Not all of the tag names mentioned below are
3246: conformant tag names in this specification; many are included to
3247: handle legacy content. They still form part of the algorithm that
3248: implementations are required to implement to claim conformance.</p>
3249:
3250: <p class="note">The algorithm described below places no limit on the
3251: depth of the DOM tree generated, or on the length of tag names,
3252: attribute names, attribute values, text nodes, etc. While
3253: implementors are encouraged to avoid arbitrary limits, it is
3254: recognized that <a href="infrastructure.html#hardwareLimitations">practical
3255: concerns</a> will likely force user agents to impose nesting
3256: depths.</p>
3257:
3258:
3259: <h5 id="creating-and-inserting-elements"><span class="secno">9.2.5.1 </span>Creating and inserting elements</h5>
3260:
3261: <p>When the steps below require the UA to <dfn id="create-an-element-for-the-token" title="create an
3262: element for the token">create an element for a token</dfn> in a
3263: particular namespace, the UA must create a node implementing the
3264: interface appropriate for the element type corresponding to the tag
3265: name of the token in the given namespace (as given in the
3266: specification that defines that element, e.g. for an <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-a-element">a</a></code>
3267: element in the <a href="#html-namespace-0">HTML namespace</a>, this specification
3268: defines it to be the <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#htmlanchorelement">HTMLAnchorElement</a></code> interface), with
3269: the tag name being the name of that element, with the node being in
3270: the given namespace, and with the attributes on the node being those
3271: given in the given token.</p>
3272:
3273: <p>The interface appropriate for an element in the <a href="#html-namespace-0">HTML
3274: namespace</a> that is not defined in this specification is
1.44 mike 3275: <code><a href="dom.html#htmlunknownelement">HTMLUnknownElement</a></code>. Element in other namespaces whose
1.1 mike 3276: interface is not defined by that namespace's specification must use
3277: the interface <code>Element</code>.</p>
3278:
3279: <p>When a <a href="forms.html#category-reset" title="category-reset">resettable</a> element is
3280: created in this manner, its <a href="forms.html#concept-form-reset-control" title="concept-form-reset-control">reset algorithm</a> must be
3281: invoked once the attributes are set. (This initializes the element's
3282: <a href="forms.html#concept-fe-value" title="concept-fe-value">value</a> and <a href="forms.html#concept-fe-checked" title="concept-fe-checked">checkedness</a> based on the element's
3283: attributes.)</p>
3284:
3285: <hr><p>When the steps below require the UA to <dfn id="insert-an-html-element">insert an HTML
3286: element</dfn> for a token, the UA must first <a href="#create-an-element-for-the-token">create an element
3287: for the token</a> in the <a href="#html-namespace-0">HTML namespace</a>, and then
3288: append this node to the <a href="#current-node">current node</a>, and push it onto
3289: the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> so that it is the new
3290: <a href="#current-node">current node</a>.</p>
3291:
3292: <p>The steps below may also require that the UA insert an HTML
3293: element in a particular place, in which case the UA must follow the
3294: same steps except that it must insert or append the new node in the
3295: location specified instead of appending it to the <a href="#current-node">current
3296: node</a>. (This happens in particular during the parsing of
3297: tables with invalid content.)</p>
3298:
3299: <p>If an element created by the <a href="#insert-an-html-element">insert an HTML element</a>
3300: algorithm is a <a href="forms.html#form-associated-element">form-associated element</a>, and the
3301: <a href="#form-element-pointer"><code title="">form</code> element pointer</a> is not null,
3302: and the newly created element doesn't have a <code title="attr-fae-form"><a href="forms.html#attr-fae-form">form</a></code> attribute, the user agent must
3303: <a href="forms.html#concept-form-association" title="concept-form-association">associate</a> the newly
3304: created element with the <code><a href="forms.html#the-form-element">form</a></code> element pointed to by the
3305: <a href="#form-element-pointer"><code title="">form</code> element pointer</a> before
3306: inserting it wherever it is to be inserted.</p>
3307:
3308: <hr><p>When the steps below require the UA to <dfn id="insert-a-foreign-element">insert a foreign
3309: element</dfn> for a token, the UA must first <a href="#create-an-element-for-the-token">create an element
3310: for the token</a> in the given namespace, and then append this
3311: node to the <a href="#current-node">current node</a>, and push it onto the
3312: <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> so that it is the new
3313: <a href="#current-node">current node</a>. If the newly created element has an <code title="">xmlns</code> attribute in the <a href="#xmlns-namespace">XMLNS namespace</a>
3314: whose value is not exactly the same as the element's namespace, that
3315: is a <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>. Similarly, if the newly created
3316: element has an <code title="">xmlns:xlink</code> attribute in the
3317: <a href="#xmlns-namespace">XMLNS namespace</a> whose value is not the <a href="#xlink-namespace">XLink
3318: Namespace</a>, that is a <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>.</p>
3319:
3320: <p>When the steps below require the user agent to <dfn id="adjust-mathml-attributes">adjust MathML
3321: attributes</dfn> for a token, then, if the token has an attribute
3322: named <code title="">definitionurl</code>, change its name to <code title="">definitionURL</code> (note the case difference).</p>
3323:
3324: <p>When the steps below require the user agent to <dfn id="adjust-svg-attributes">adjust SVG
3325: attributes</dfn> for a token, then, for each attribute on the token
3326: whose attribute name is one of the ones in the first column of the
3327: following table, change the attribute's name to the name given in
3328: the corresponding cell in the second column. (This fixes the case of
3329: SVG attributes that are not all lowercase.)</p>
3330:
3331: <table><thead><tr><th> Attribute name on token </th><th> Attribute name on element
3332: </th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td> <code title="">attributename</code> </td><td> <code title="">attributeName</code>
3333: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">attributetype</code> </td><td> <code title="">attributeType</code>
3334: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">basefrequency</code> </td><td> <code title="">baseFrequency</code>
3335: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">baseprofile</code> </td><td> <code title="">baseProfile</code>
3336: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">calcmode</code> </td><td> <code title="">calcMode</code>
3337: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">clippathunits</code> </td><td> <code title="">clipPathUnits</code>
3338: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">contentscripttype</code> </td><td> <code title="">contentScriptType</code>
3339: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">contentstyletype</code> </td><td> <code title="">contentStyleType</code>
3340: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">diffuseconstant</code> </td><td> <code title="">diffuseConstant</code>
3341: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">edgemode</code> </td><td> <code title="">edgeMode</code>
3342: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">externalresourcesrequired</code> </td><td> <code title="">externalResourcesRequired</code>
3343: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">filterres</code> </td><td> <code title="">filterRes</code>
3344: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">filterunits</code> </td><td> <code title="">filterUnits</code>
3345: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">glyphref</code> </td><td> <code title="">glyphRef</code>
3346: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">gradienttransform</code> </td><td> <code title="">gradientTransform</code>
3347: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">gradientunits</code> </td><td> <code title="">gradientUnits</code>
3348: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">kernelmatrix</code> </td><td> <code title="">kernelMatrix</code>
3349: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">kernelunitlength</code> </td><td> <code title="">kernelUnitLength</code>
3350: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">keypoints</code> </td><td> <code title="">keyPoints</code>
3351: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">keysplines</code> </td><td> <code title="">keySplines</code>
3352: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">keytimes</code> </td><td> <code title="">keyTimes</code>
3353: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">lengthadjust</code> </td><td> <code title="">lengthAdjust</code>
3354: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">limitingconeangle</code> </td><td> <code title="">limitingConeAngle</code>
3355: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">markerheight</code> </td><td> <code title="">markerHeight</code>
3356: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">markerunits</code> </td><td> <code title="">markerUnits</code>
3357: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">markerwidth</code> </td><td> <code title="">markerWidth</code>
3358: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">maskcontentunits</code> </td><td> <code title="">maskContentUnits</code>
3359: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">maskunits</code> </td><td> <code title="">maskUnits</code>
3360: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">numoctaves</code> </td><td> <code title="">numOctaves</code>
3361: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">pathlength</code> </td><td> <code title="">pathLength</code>
3362: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">patterncontentunits</code> </td><td> <code title="">patternContentUnits</code>
3363: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">patterntransform</code> </td><td> <code title="">patternTransform</code>
3364: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">patternunits</code> </td><td> <code title="">patternUnits</code>
3365: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">pointsatx</code> </td><td> <code title="">pointsAtX</code>
3366: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">pointsaty</code> </td><td> <code title="">pointsAtY</code>
3367: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">pointsatz</code> </td><td> <code title="">pointsAtZ</code>
3368: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">preservealpha</code> </td><td> <code title="">preserveAlpha</code>
3369: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">preserveaspectratio</code> </td><td> <code title="">preserveAspectRatio</code>
3370: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">primitiveunits</code> </td><td> <code title="">primitiveUnits</code>
3371: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">refx</code> </td><td> <code title="">refX</code>
3372: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">refy</code> </td><td> <code title="">refY</code>
3373: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">repeatcount</code> </td><td> <code title="">repeatCount</code>
3374: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">repeatdur</code> </td><td> <code title="">repeatDur</code>
3375: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">requiredextensions</code> </td><td> <code title="">requiredExtensions</code>
3376: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">requiredfeatures</code> </td><td> <code title="">requiredFeatures</code>
3377: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">specularconstant</code> </td><td> <code title="">specularConstant</code>
3378: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">specularexponent</code> </td><td> <code title="">specularExponent</code>
3379: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">spreadmethod</code> </td><td> <code title="">spreadMethod</code>
3380: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">startoffset</code> </td><td> <code title="">startOffset</code>
3381: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">stddeviation</code> </td><td> <code title="">stdDeviation</code>
3382: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">stitchtiles</code> </td><td> <code title="">stitchTiles</code>
3383: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">surfacescale</code> </td><td> <code title="">surfaceScale</code>
3384: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">systemlanguage</code> </td><td> <code title="">systemLanguage</code>
3385: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">tablevalues</code> </td><td> <code title="">tableValues</code>
3386: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">targetx</code> </td><td> <code title="">targetX</code>
3387: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">targety</code> </td><td> <code title="">targetY</code>
3388: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">textlength</code> </td><td> <code title="">textLength</code>
3389: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">viewbox</code> </td><td> <code title="">viewBox</code>
3390: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">viewtarget</code> </td><td> <code title="">viewTarget</code>
3391: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">xchannelselector</code> </td><td> <code title="">xChannelSelector</code>
3392: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">ychannelselector</code> </td><td> <code title="">yChannelSelector</code>
3393: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">zoomandpan</code> </td><td> <code title="">zoomAndPan</code>
3394: </td></tr></tbody></table><p>When the steps below require the user agent to <dfn id="adjust-foreign-attributes">adjust
3395: foreign attributes</dfn> for a token, then, if any of the attributes
3396: on the token match the strings given in the first column of the
3397: following table, let the attribute be a namespaced attribute, with
3398: the prefix being the string given in the corresponding cell in the
3399: second column, the local name being the string given in the
3400: corresponding cell in the third column, and the namespace being the
3401: namespace given in the corresponding cell in the fourth
3402: column. (This fixes the use of namespaced attributes, in particular
3403: <a href="dom.html#attr-xml-lang" title="attr-xml-lang"><code title="">lang</code> attributes in
3404: the <span>XML namespace</span></a>.)</p>
3405:
3406: <table><thead><tr><th> Attribute name </th><th> Prefix </th><th> Local name </th><th> Namespace
3407: </th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td> <code title="">xlink:actuate</code> </td><td> <code title="">xlink</code> </td><td> <code title="">actuate</code> </td><td> <a href="#xlink-namespace">XLink namespace</a>
3408: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">xlink:arcrole</code> </td><td> <code title="">xlink</code> </td><td> <code title="">arcrole</code> </td><td> <a href="#xlink-namespace">XLink namespace</a>
3409: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">xlink:href</code> </td><td> <code title="">xlink</code> </td><td> <code title="">href</code> </td><td> <a href="#xlink-namespace">XLink namespace</a>
3410: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">xlink:role</code> </td><td> <code title="">xlink</code> </td><td> <code title="">role</code> </td><td> <a href="#xlink-namespace">XLink namespace</a>
3411: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">xlink:show</code> </td><td> <code title="">xlink</code> </td><td> <code title="">show</code> </td><td> <a href="#xlink-namespace">XLink namespace</a>
3412: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">xlink:title</code> </td><td> <code title="">xlink</code> </td><td> <code title="">title</code> </td><td> <a href="#xlink-namespace">XLink namespace</a>
3413: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">xlink:type</code> </td><td> <code title="">xlink</code> </td><td> <code title="">type</code> </td><td> <a href="#xlink-namespace">XLink namespace</a>
3414: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">xml:base</code> </td><td> <code title="">xml</code> </td><td> <code title="">base</code> </td><td> <a href="#xml-namespace">XML namespace</a> <!-- attr-xml-base -->
3415: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">xml:lang</code> </td><td> <code title="">xml</code> </td><td> <code title="">lang</code> </td><td> <a href="#xml-namespace">XML namespace</a>
3416: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">xml:space</code> </td><td> <code title="">xml</code> </td><td> <code title="">space</code> </td><td> <a href="#xml-namespace">XML namespace</a>
3417: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">xmlns</code> </td><td> (none) </td><td> <code title="">xmlns</code> </td><td> <a href="#xmlns-namespace">XMLNS namespace</a>
3418: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">xmlns:xlink</code> </td><td> <code title="">xmlns</code> </td><td> <code title="">xlink</code> </td><td> <a href="#xmlns-namespace">XMLNS namespace</a>
3419: </td></tr></tbody></table><hr><p>The <dfn id="generic-cdata-element-parsing-algorithm">generic CDATA element parsing algorithm</dfn> and the
3420: <dfn id="generic-rcdata-element-parsing-algorithm">generic RCDATA element parsing algorithm</dfn> consist of the
3421: following steps. These algorithms are always invoked in response to
3422: a start tag token.</p>
3423:
3424: <ol><li><p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p></li>
3425:
3426: <li><p>If the algorithm that was invoked is the <a href="#generic-cdata-element-parsing-algorithm">generic CDATA
3427: element parsing algorithm</a>, switch the tokenizer's
3428: <a href="#content-model-flag">content model flag</a> to the CDATA state; otherwise the
3429: algorithm invoked was the <a href="#generic-rcdata-element-parsing-algorithm">generic RCDATA element parsing
3430: algorithm</a>, switch the tokenizer's <a href="#content-model-flag">content model
3431: flag</a> to the RCDATA state.</p></li>
3432:
3433: <li><p>Let the <a href="#original-insertion-mode">original insertion mode</a> be the current
3434: <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a>.</p>
3435:
3436: </li><li><p>Then, switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-incdata" title="insertion mode: in CDATA/RCDATA">in
3437: CDATA/RCDATA</a>".</p></li>
3438:
3439: </ol><h5 id="closing-elements-that-have-implied-end-tags"><span class="secno">9.2.5.2 </span>Closing elements that have implied end tags</h5>
3440:
3441: <p>When the steps below require the UA to <dfn id="generate-implied-end-tags">generate implied end
3442: tags</dfn>, then, while the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is a
3443: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-dd-element">dd</a></code> element, a <code><a href="semantics.html#the-dt-element">dt</a></code> element, an
3444: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-li-element">li</a></code> element, an <code><a href="forms.html#the-option-element">option</a></code> element, an
3445: <code><a href="forms.html#the-optgroup-element">optgroup</a></code> element, a <code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code> element, an
3446: <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-rp-element">rp</a></code> element, or an <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-rt-element">rt</a></code> element, the UA must
3447: pop the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> off the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
3448: elements</a>.</p>
3449:
3450: <p>If a step requires the UA to generate implied end tags but lists
3451: an element to exclude from the process, then the UA must perform the
3452: above steps as if that element was not in the above list.</p>
3453:
3454:
3455: <h5 id="foster-parenting"><span class="secno">9.2.5.3 </span>Foster parenting</h5>
3456:
3457: <p>Foster parenting happens when content is misnested in tables.</p>
3458:
3459: <p>When a node <var title="">node</var> is to be <dfn id="foster-parent" title="foster
3460: parent">foster parented</dfn>, the node <var title="">node</var>
3461: must be inserted into the <i><a href="#foster-parent-element">foster parent element</a></i>.</p>
3462:
3463: <p>The <dfn id="foster-parent-element">foster parent element</dfn> is the parent element of the
3464: last <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code> element in the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
3465: elements</a>, if there is a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code> element and it has
3466: such a parent element. If there is no <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code> element in
3467: the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> (<a href="#fragment-case">fragment
3468: case</a>), then the <i><a href="#foster-parent-element">foster parent element</a></i> is the first
3469: element in the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> (the
3470: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code> element). Otherwise, if there is a
3471: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code> element in the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
3472: elements</a>, but the last <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code> element in the
3473: <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> has no parent, or its parent
3474: node is not an element, then the <i><a href="#foster-parent-element">foster parent element</a></i> is
3475: the element before the last <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code> element in the
3476: <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a>.</p>
3477:
3478: <p>If the <i><a href="#foster-parent-element">foster parent element</a></i> is the parent element of the
3479: last <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code> element in the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
3480: elements</a>, then <var title="">node</var> must be inserted
3481: immediately <em>before</em> the last <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code> element in
3482: the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> in the <i><a href="#foster-parent-element">foster parent
3483: element</a></i>; otherwise, <var title="">node</var> must be
3484: <em>appended</em> to the <i><a href="#foster-parent-element">foster parent element</a></i>.</p>
3485:
3486:
3487:
3488: <h5 id="the-initial-insertion-mode"><span class="secno">9.2.5.4 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: initial">initial</dfn>" insertion mode</h5>
3489:
3490: <p>When the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#the-initial-insertion-mode" title="insertion
3491: mode: initial">initial</a>", tokens must be handled as follows:</p>
3492:
3493: <dl class="switch"><dt>A character token that is one of U+0009 CHARACTER
3494: TABULATION, U+000A LINE FEED (LF), U+000C FORM FEED (FF),
3495: <!--U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR),--> or U+0020 SPACE</dt>
3496: <dd>
3497: <p>Ignore the token.</p>
3498: </dd>
3499:
3500: <dt>A comment token</dt>
3501: <dd>
3502: <p>Append a <code>Comment</code> node to the <code>Document</code>
3503: object with the <code title="">data</code> attribute set to the
3504: data given in the comment token.</p>
3505: </dd>
3506:
3507: <dt>A DOCTYPE token</dt>
3508: <dd>
3509:
3510: <p>If the DOCTYPE token's name is not a
3511: <a href="infrastructure.html#case-sensitive">case-sensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">html</code>", or the token's public identifier is not
3512: missing, or the token's system identifier is neither missing nor a
3513: <a href="infrastructure.html#case-sensitive">case-sensitive</a> match for the string
3514: "<code>about:legacy-compat</code>", and none of the sets of
3515: conditions in the following list are matched, then there is a
3516: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>. If one of the sets of conditions in the
3517: following list is matched, then there is an <dfn id="obsolete-permitted-doctype">obsolete
3518: permitted DOCTYPE</dfn>.</p>
3519:
3520: <ul><!-- only things that trigger no-quirks mode and were valid in
3521: some other spec are allowed in this list --><li>The DOCTYPE token's name is an <a href="infrastructure.html#ascii-case-insensitive">ASCII
3522: case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">HTML</code>", the token's public identifier is the
3523: <a href="infrastructure.html#case-sensitive">case-sensitive</a> string "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN</code>", and the
3524: token's system identifier is either missing or the
3525: <a href="infrastructure.html#case-sensitive">case-sensitive</a> string "<code title="">http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd</code>".</li>
3526:
3527: <li>The DOCTYPE token's name is an <a href="infrastructure.html#ascii-case-insensitive">ASCII
3528: case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">HTML</code>", the token's public identifier is the
3529: <a href="infrastructure.html#case-sensitive">case-sensitive</a> string "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN</code>", and the
3530: token's system identifier is either missing or the
3531: <a href="infrastructure.html#case-sensitive">case-sensitive</a> string "<code title="">http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd</code>".</li>
3532:
3533: <li>The DOCTYPE token's name is an <a href="infrastructure.html#ascii-case-insensitive">ASCII
3534: case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">HTML</code>", the token's public identifier is the
3535: <a href="infrastructure.html#case-sensitive">case-sensitive</a> string "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN</code>",
3536: and the token's system identifier is the
3537: <a href="infrastructure.html#case-sensitive">case-sensitive</a> string "<code title="">http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd</code>".</li>
3538:
3539: <li>The DOCTYPE token's name is an <a href="infrastructure.html#ascii-case-insensitive">ASCII
3540: case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">HTML</code>", the token's public identifier is the
3541: <a href="infrastructure.html#case-sensitive">case-sensitive</a> string "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN</code>", and the
3542: token's system identifier is the <a href="infrastructure.html#case-sensitive">case-sensitive</a>
3543: string "<code title="">http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd</code>".</li>
3544:
3545: </ul><p>Conformance checkers may, based on the values (including
3546: presence or lack thereof) of the DOCTYPE token's name, public
3547: identifier, or system identifier, switch to a conformance checking
3548: mode for another language (e.g. based on the DOCTYPE token a
3549: conformance checker could recognize that the document is an
3550: HTML 4-era document, and defer to an HTML 4 conformance
3551: checker.)</p>
3552:
3553: <p>Append a <code>DocumentType</code> node to the
3554: <code>Document</code> node, with the <code title="">name</code>
3555: attribute set to the name given in the DOCTYPE token, or the empty
3556: string if the name was missing; the <code title="">publicId</code>
3557: attribute set to the public identifier given in the DOCTYPE token,
3558: or the empty string if the public identifier was missing; the
3559: <code title="">systemId</code> attribute set to the system
3560: identifier given in the DOCTYPE token, or the empty string if the
3561: system identifier was missing; and the other attributes specific
3562: to <code>DocumentType</code> objects set to null and empty lists
3563: as appropriate. Associate the <code>DocumentType</code> node with
3564: the <code>Document</code> object so that it is returned as the
3565: value of the <code title="">doctype</code> attribute of the
3566: <code>Document</code> object.</p>
3567:
3568: <p id="quirks-mode-doctypes">Then, if the DOCTYPE token matches
3569: one of the conditions in the following list, then set the
3570: <code>Document</code> to <a href="dom.html#quirks-mode">quirks mode</a>:</p>
3571:
3572: <ul class="brief"><li> The <i>force-quirks flag</i> is set to <i>on</i>. </li>
3573: <li> The name is set to anything other than "<code title="">HTML</code>". </li>
3574: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">+//Silmaril//dtd html Pro v0r11 19970101//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3575: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//AdvaSoft Ltd//DTD HTML 3.0 asWedit + extensions//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3576: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//AS//DTD HTML 3.0 asWedit + extensions//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3577: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0 Level 1//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3578: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0 Level 2//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3579: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0 Strict Level 1//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3580: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0 Strict Level 2//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3581: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0 Strict//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3582: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3583: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.1E//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3584: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML 3.0//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3585: <!--<li> The public identifier is set to: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML 3.0//EN//</code>" </li>-->
3586: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3587: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML 3.2//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3588: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML 3//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3589: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML Level 0//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3590: <!--<li> The public identifier is set to: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML Level 0//EN//2.0</code>" </li>-->
3591: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML Level 1//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3592: <!--<li> The public identifier is set to: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML Level 1//EN//2.0</code>" </li>-->
3593: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML Level 2//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3594: <!--<li> The public identifier is set to: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML Level 2//EN//2.0</code>" </li>-->
3595: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML Level 3//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3596: <!--<li> The public identifier is set to: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML Level 3//EN//3.0</code>" </li>-->
3597: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML Strict Level 0//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3598: <!--<li> The public identifier is set to: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML Strict Level 0//EN//2.0</code>" </li>-->
3599: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML Strict Level 1//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3600: <!--<li> The public identifier is set to: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML Strict Level 1//EN//2.0</code>" </li>-->
3601: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML Strict Level 2//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3602: <!--<li> The public identifier is set to: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML Strict Level 2//EN//2.0</code>" </li>-->
3603: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML Strict Level 3//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3604: <!--<li> The public identifier is set to: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML Strict Level 3//EN//3.0</code>" </li>-->
3605: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML Strict//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3606: <!--<li> The public identifier is set to: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML Strict//EN//2.0</code>" </li>-->
3607: <!--<li> The public identifier is set to: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML Strict//EN//3.0</code>" </li>-->
3608: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3609: <!--<li> The public identifier is set to: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML//EN//2.0</code>" </li>-->
3610: <!--<li> The public identifier is set to: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML//EN//3.0</code>" </li>-->
3611: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//Metrius//DTD Metrius Presentational//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3612: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//Microsoft//DTD Internet Explorer 2.0 HTML Strict//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3613: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//Microsoft//DTD Internet Explorer 2.0 HTML//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3614: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//Microsoft//DTD Internet Explorer 2.0 Tables//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3615: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//Microsoft//DTD Internet Explorer 3.0 HTML Strict//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3616: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//Microsoft//DTD Internet Explorer 3.0 HTML//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3617: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//Microsoft//DTD Internet Explorer 3.0 Tables//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3618: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//Netscape Comm. Corp.//DTD HTML//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3619: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//Netscape Comm. Corp.//DTD Strict HTML//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3620: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//O'Reilly and Associates//DTD HTML 2.0//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3621: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//O'Reilly and Associates//DTD HTML Extended 1.0//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3622: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//O'Reilly and Associates//DTD HTML Extended Relaxed 1.0//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3623: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//SoftQuad Software//DTD HoTMetaL PRO 6.0::19990601::extensions to HTML 4.0//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3624: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//SoftQuad//DTD HoTMetaL PRO 4.0::19971010::extensions to HTML 4.0//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3625: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//Spyglass//DTD HTML 2.0 Extended//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3626: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//SQ//DTD HTML 2.0 HoTMetaL + extensions//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3627: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//Sun Microsystems Corp.//DTD HotJava HTML//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3628: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//Sun Microsystems Corp.//DTD HotJava Strict HTML//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3629: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD HTML 3 1995-03-24//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3630: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Draft//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3631: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3632: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3633: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2S Draft//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3634: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Frameset//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3635: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3636: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD HTML Experimental 19960712//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3637: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD HTML Experimental 970421//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3638: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD W3 HTML//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3639: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 3.0//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3640: <!--<li> The public identifier is set to: "<code title="">-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 3.0//EN//</code>" </li>-->
3641: <li> The public identifier is set to: "<code title="">-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML Strict 3.0//EN//</code>" </li>
3642: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//WebTechs//DTD Mozilla HTML 2.0//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3643: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//WebTechs//DTD Mozilla HTML//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3644: <li> The public identifier is set to: "<code title="">-/W3C/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional/EN</code>" </li>
3645: <li> The public identifier is set to: "<code title="">HTML</code>" </li>
3646: <li> The system identifier is set to: "<code title="">http://www.ibm.com/data/dtd/v11/ibmxhtml1-transitional.dtd</code>" </li>
3647: <li> The system identifier is missing and the public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Frameset//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3648: <li> The system identifier is missing and the public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3649: </ul><p>Otherwise, if the DOCTYPE token matches one of the conditions
3650: in the following list, then set the <code>Document</code> to
3651: <a href="dom.html#limited-quirks-mode">limited quirks mode</a>:</p>
3652:
3653: <ul class="brief"><li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Frameset//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3654: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3655: <li> The system identifier is not missing and the public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Frameset//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3656: <li> The system identifier is not missing and the public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3657: </ul><p>The name, system identifier, and public identifier strings must
3658: be compared to the values given in the lists above in an
3659: <a href="infrastructure.html#ascii-case-insensitive">ASCII case-insensitive</a> manner. A system identifier
3660: whose value is the empty string is not considered missing for the
3661: purposes of the conditions above.</p>
3662:
3663: <p>Then, switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#the-before-html-insertion-mode" title="insertion mode: before html">before html</a>".</p>
3664:
3665: </dd>
3666:
3667: <dt>Anything else</dt>
3668: <dd>
3669:
3670: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>.</p>
3671:
3672: <p>Set the <code>Document</code> to <a href="dom.html#quirks-mode">quirks mode</a>.</p>
3673:
3674: <p>Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#the-before-html-insertion-mode" title="insertion mode: before html">before html</a>", then
3675: reprocess the current token.</p>
3676:
3677: </dd>
3678:
3679: </dl><h5 id="the-before-html-insertion-mode"><span class="secno">9.2.5.5 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: before html">before html</dfn>" insertion mode</h5>
3680:
3681: <p>When the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#the-before-html-insertion-mode" title="insertion
3682: mode: before html">before html</a>", tokens must be handled as follows:</p>
3683:
3684: <dl class="switch"><dt>A DOCTYPE token</dt>
3685: <dd>
3686: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
3687: </dd>
3688:
3689: <dt>A comment token</dt>
3690: <dd>
3691: <p>Append a <code>Comment</code> node to the <code>Document</code>
3692: object with the <code title="">data</code> attribute set to the
3693: data given in the comment token.</p>
3694: </dd>
3695:
3696: <dt>A character token that is one of U+0009 CHARACTER
3697: TABULATION, U+000A LINE FEED (LF), U+000C FORM FEED (FF),
3698: <!--U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR),--> or U+0020 SPACE</dt>
3699: <dd>
3700: <p>Ignore the token.</p>
3701: </dd>
3702:
3703: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "html"</dt>
3704: <dd>
3705:
3706: <p><a href="#create-an-element-for-the-token">Create an element for the token</a> in the <a href="#html-namespace-0">HTML
3707: namespace</a>. Append it to the <code>Document</code>
3708: object. Put this element in the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
3709: elements</a>.</p>
3710:
3711: <p id="parser-appcache">If the <code>Document</code> is being
3712: loaded as part of <a href="history.html#navigate" title="navigate">navigation</a> of a
3713: <a href="browsers.html#browsing-context">browsing context</a>, then: if the newly created element
3714: has a <code title="attr-html-manifest"><a href="semantics.html#attr-html-manifest">manifest</a></code> attribute,
3715: then <a href="infrastructure.html#resolve-a-url" title="resolve a url">resolve</a> the value of that
3716: attribute to an <a href="infrastructure.html#absolute-url">absolute URL</a>, relative to the newly
3717: created element, and if that is successful, run the <a href="offline.html#concept-appcache-init" title="concept-appcache-init">application cache selection
1.29 mike 3718: algorithm</a> with the resulting <a href="infrastructure.html#absolute-url">absolute URL</a> with
3719: any <a href="infrastructure.html#url-fragment" title="url-fragment"><fragment></a> component
3720: removed; otherwise, if there is no such attribute or resolving it
3721: fails, run the <a href="offline.html#concept-appcache-init" title="concept-appcache-init">application
3722: cache selection algorithm</a> with no manifest. The algorithm
3723: must be passed the <code>Document</code> object.</p>
1.1 mike 3724:
3725: <p>Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#the-before-head-insertion-mode" title="insertion mode: before head">before head</a>".</p>
3726:
3727: </dd>
3728:
3729: <dt>Anything else</dt>
3730: <dd>
3731:
3732: <p>Create an <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code> element. Append it to the
3733: <code>Document</code> object. Put this element in the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack
3734: of open elements</a>.</p>
3735:
3736: <p>If the <code>Document</code> is being loaded as part of <a href="history.html#navigate" title="navigate">navigation</a> of a <a href="browsers.html#browsing-context">browsing
3737: context</a>, then: run the <a href="offline.html#concept-appcache-init" title="concept-appcache-init">application cache selection
3738: algorithm</a> with no manifest, passing it the
3739: <code>Document</code> object.</p>
3740:
3741: <p>Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#the-before-head-insertion-mode" title="insertion mode: before head">before head</a>", then
3742: reprocess the current token.</p>
3743:
3744: <p class="XXX">Should probably make end tags be ignored, so
3745: that "</head><!-- --><html>" puts the comment before the
3746: root node (or should we?)</p>
3747:
3748: </dd>
3749:
3750: </dl><p>The root element can end up being removed from the
3751: <code>Document</code> object, e.g. by scripts; nothing in particular
3752: happens in such cases, content continues being appended to the nodes
3753: as described in the next section.</p>
3754:
3755:
3756: <h5 id="the-before-head-insertion-mode"><span class="secno">9.2.5.6 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: before head">before head</dfn>" insertion mode</h5>
3757:
3758: <p>When the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#the-before-head-insertion-mode" title="insertion
3759: mode: before head">before head</a>", tokens must be handled as follows:</p>
3760:
3761: <dl class="switch"><dt>A character token that is one of U+0009 CHARACTER
3762: TABULATION, U+000A LINE FEED (LF), U+000C FORM FEED (FF),
3763: <!--U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR),--> or U+0020 SPACE</dt>
3764: <dd>
3765: <p>Ignore the token.</p> <!-- :-( -->
3766: </dd>
3767:
3768: <dt>A comment token</dt>
3769: <dd>
3770: <p>Append a <code>Comment</code> node to the <a href="#current-node">current
3771: node</a> with the <code title="">data</code> attribute set to
3772: the data given in the comment token.</p>
3773: </dd>
3774:
3775: <dt>A DOCTYPE token</dt>
3776: <dd>
3777: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
3778: </dd>
3779:
3780: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "html"</dt>
3781: <dd>
3782: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
3783: mode</a>.</p>
3784: </dd>
3785:
3786: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "head"</dt>
3787: <dd>
3788:
3789: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
3790:
3791: <p>Set the <a href="#head-element-pointer"><code title="">head</code> element pointer</a>
3792: to the newly created <code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element">head</a></code> element.</p>
3793:
3794: <p>Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-inhead" title="insertion mode: in head">in head</a>".</p>
3795:
3796: </dd>
3797:
3798: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "head", "body", "html", "br"</dt>
3799: <dd>
3800:
3801: <p>Act as if a start tag token with the tag name "head" and no
3802: attributes had been seen, then reprocess the current token.</p>
3803:
3804: </dd>
3805:
3806: <dt>Any other end tag</dt>
3807: <dd>
3808:
3809: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
3810:
3811: </dd>
3812:
3813: <dt>Anything else</dt>
3814: <dd>
3815:
3816: <p>Act as if a start tag token with the tag name "head" and no
3817: attributes had been seen, then reprocess the current
3818: token.</p>
3819:
3820: <p class="note">This will result in an empty <code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element">head</a></code>
3821: element being generated, with the current token being
3822: reprocessed in the "<a href="#the-after-head-insertion-mode" title="insertion mode: after
3823: head">after head</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a>.</p>
3824:
3825: </dd>
3826:
3827: </dl><h5 id="parsing-main-inhead"><span class="secno">9.2.5.7 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: in head">in head</dfn>" insertion mode</h5>
3828:
3829: <p>When the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#parsing-main-inhead" title="insertion
3830: mode: in head">in head</a>", tokens must be handled as follows:</p>
3831:
3832: <dl class="switch"><dt>A character token that is one of U+0009 CHARACTER
3833: TABULATION, U+000A LINE FEED (LF), U+000C FORM FEED (FF),
3834: <!--U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR),--> or U+0020 SPACE</dt>
3835: <dd>
3836: <p><a href="#insert-a-character" title="insert a character">Insert the character</a> into
3837: the <a href="#current-node">current node</a>.</p>
3838: </dd>
3839:
3840: <dt>A comment token</dt>
3841: <dd>
3842: <p>Append a <code>Comment</code> node to the <a href="#current-node">current
3843: node</a> with the <code title="">data</code> attribute set to
3844: the data given in the comment token.</p>
3845: </dd>
3846:
3847: <dt>A DOCTYPE token</dt>
3848: <dd>
3849: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
3850: </dd>
3851:
3852: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "html"</dt>
3853: <dd>
3854: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
3855: mode</a>.</p>
3856: </dd>
3857:
3858: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "base", "command",
3859: "link"</dt>
3860: <dd>
3861:
3862: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token. Immediately
3863: pop the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> off the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
3864: elements</a>.</p>
3865:
3866: <p><a href="#acknowledge-self-closing-flag" title="acknowledge self-closing flag">Acknowledge the
3867: token's <i>self-closing flag</i></a>, if it is set.</p>
3868:
3869: </dd>
3870:
3871: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "meta"</dt>
3872: <dd>
3873:
3874: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token. Immediately
3875: pop the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> off the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
3876: elements</a>.</p>
3877:
3878: <p><a href="#acknowledge-self-closing-flag" title="acknowledge self-closing flag">Acknowledge the
3879: token's <i>self-closing flag</i></a>, if it is set.</p>
3880:
3881: <p id="meta-charset-during-parse">If the element has a <code title="attr-meta-charset"><a href="semantics.html#attr-meta-charset">charset</a></code> attribute, and its
3882: value is a supported encoding, and the <a href="#concept-encoding-confidence" title="concept-encoding-confidence">confidence</a> is
3883: currently <i>tentative</i>, then <a href="#change-the-encoding">change the
3884: encoding</a> to the encoding given by the value of the
3885: <code title="attr-meta-charset"><a href="semantics.html#attr-meta-charset">charset</a></code> attribute.</p>
3886:
3887: <p>Otherwise, if the element has a <code title="attr-meta-charset"><a href="semantics.html#attr-meta-charset">content</a></code> attribute, and
3888: applying the <a href="infrastructure.html#algorithm-for-extracting-an-encoding-from-a-content-type">algorithm for extracting an encoding from a
3889: Content-Type</a> to its value returns a supported encoding
3890: <var title="">encoding</var>, and the <a href="#concept-encoding-confidence" title="concept-encoding-confidence">confidence</a> is
3891: currently <i>tentative</i>, then <a href="#change-the-encoding">change the
3892: encoding</a> to the encoding <var title="">encoding</var>.</p>
3893:
3894: </dd>
3895:
3896: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "title"</dt>
3897: <dd>
3898: <p>Follow the <a href="#generic-rcdata-element-parsing-algorithm">generic RCDATA element parsing algorithm</a>.</p>
3899: </dd>
3900:
3901: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "noscript", if the <a href="#scripting-flag">scripting flag</a> is enabled</dt>
3902: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "noframes", "style"</dt>
3903: <dd>
3904: <p>Follow the <a href="#generic-cdata-element-parsing-algorithm">generic CDATA element parsing algorithm</a>.</p>
3905: </dd>
3906:
3907: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "noscript", if the <a href="#scripting-flag">scripting flag</a> is disabled</dt>
3908: <dd>
3909:
3910: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
3911:
3912: <p>Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-inheadnoscript" title="insertion mode: in head noscript">in head
3913: noscript</a>".</p>
3914:
3915: </dd>
3916:
3917: <dt id="scriptTag">A start tag whose tag name is "script"</dt>
3918: <dd>
3919:
3920: <ol><li><p><a href="#create-an-element-for-the-token">Create an element for the token</a> in the
3921: <a href="#html-namespace-0">HTML namespace</a>.</p></li>
3922:
3923: <li>
3924:
3925: <p>Mark the element as being <a href="semantics.html#parser-inserted">"parser-inserted"</a>.</p>
3926:
3927: <p class="note">This ensures that, if the script is external,
3928: any <code title="dom-document-write"><a href="dom.html#dom-document-write">document.write()</a></code>
3929: calls in the script will execute in-line, instead of blowing the
3930: document away, as would happen in most other cases. It also
3931: prevents the script from executing until the end tag is
3932: seen.</p>
3933:
3934: </li>
3935:
3936: <li><p>If the parser was originally created for the <a href="#html-fragment-parsing-algorithm">HTML
3937: fragment parsing algorithm</a>, then mark the
3938: <code><a href="semantics.html#script">script</a></code> element as <a href="semantics.html#already-executed">"already
3939: executed"</a>. (<a href="#fragment-case">fragment case</a>)</p></li>
3940:
3941: <li><p>Append the new element to the <a href="#current-node">current node</a>
3942: and push it onto the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
3943: elements</a>.</p></li>
3944:
3945: <li><p>Switch the tokenizer's <a href="#content-model-flag">content model flag</a> to
3946: the CDATA state.</p></li>
3947:
3948: <li><p>Let the <a href="#original-insertion-mode">original insertion mode</a> be the current
3949: <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a>.</p>
3950:
3951: </li><li><p>Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-incdata" title="insertion mode: in CDATA/RCDATA">in
3952: CDATA/RCDATA</a>".</p></li>
3953:
3954: </ol></dd>
3955:
3956: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "head"</dt>
3957: <dd>
3958:
3959: <p>Pop the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> (which will be the
3960: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element">head</a></code> element) off the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
3961: elements</a>.</p>
3962:
3963: <p>Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#the-after-head-insertion-mode" title="insertion mode: after head">after head</a>".</p>
3964:
3965: </dd>
3966:
3967: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "body", "html", "br"</dt>
3968: <dd>
3969: <p>Act as described in the "anything else" entry below.</p>
3970: </dd>
3971:
3972: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "head"</dt>
3973: <dt>Any other end tag</dt>
3974: <dd>
3975: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
3976: </dd>
3977:
3978: <dt>Anything else</dt>
3979: <dd>
3980:
3981: <!-- can't get here with an EOF and a fragment case -->
3982:
3983: <p>Act as if an end tag token with the tag name "head" had
3984: been seen, and reprocess the current token.</p>
3985:
3986: <p class="XXX">In certain UAs, <a href="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/attachment.cgi?id=180157&action=view">some
3987: elements</a> don't trigger the "in body" mode straight away,
3988: but instead get put into the head. Do we want to copy
3989: that?</p>
3990:
3991: </dd>
3992:
3993: </dl><h5 id="parsing-main-inheadnoscript"><span class="secno">9.2.5.8 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: in head noscript">in head noscript</dfn>" insertion mode</h5>
3994:
3995: <p>When the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#parsing-main-inheadnoscript" title="insertion
3996: mode: in head noscript">in head noscript</a>", tokens must be handled as follows:</p>
3997:
3998: <dl class="switch"><dt>A DOCTYPE token</dt>
3999: <dd>
4000: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
4001: </dd>
4002:
4003: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "html"</dt>
4004: <dd>
4005: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
4006: mode</a>.</p>
4007: </dd>
4008:
4009: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "noscript"</dt>
4010: <dd>
4011:
4012: <p>Pop the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> (which will be a
4013: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-noscript-element">noscript</a></code> element) from the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
4014: elements</a>; the new <a href="#current-node">current node</a> will be a
4015: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element">head</a></code> element.</p>
4016:
4017: <p>Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-inhead" title="insertion mode: in head">in head</a>".</p>
4018:
4019: </dd>
4020:
4021: <dt>A character token that is one of U+0009 CHARACTER
4022: TABULATION, U+000A LINE FEED (LF), U+000C FORM FEED (FF),
4023: <!--U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR),--> or U+0020 SPACE</dt>
4024: <dt>A comment token</dt>
4025: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "link", "meta", "noframes", "style"</dt>
4026: <dd>
4027: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-inhead" title="insertion mode: in head">in head</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
4028: mode</a>.</p>
4029: </dd>
4030:
4031: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "br"</dt>
4032: <dd>
4033: <p>Act as described in the "anything else" entry below.</p>
4034: </dd>
4035:
4036: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "head", "noscript"</dt>
4037: <dt>Any other end tag</dt>
4038: <dd>
4039: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
4040: </dd>
4041:
4042: <dt>Anything else</dt>
4043: <dd>
4044:
4045: <!-- can't get here with an EOF and a fragment case -->
4046:
4047: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Act as if an end tag with the tag
4048: name "noscript" had been seen and reprocess the current
4049: token.</p>
4050:
4051: </dd>
4052:
4053: </dl><h5 id="the-after-head-insertion-mode"><span class="secno">9.2.5.9 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: after head">after head</dfn>" insertion mode</h5>
4054:
4055: <p>When the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#the-after-head-insertion-mode" title="insertion
4056: mode: after head">after head</a>", tokens must be handled as follows:</p>
4057:
4058: <dl class="switch"><dt>A character token that is one of U+0009 CHARACTER
4059: TABULATION, U+000A LINE FEED (LF), U+000C FORM FEED (FF),
4060: <!--U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR),--> or U+0020 SPACE</dt>
4061: <dd>
4062: <p><a href="#insert-a-character" title="insert a character">Insert the character</a> into
4063: the <a href="#current-node">current node</a>.</p>
4064: </dd>
4065:
4066: <dt>A comment token</dt>
4067: <dd>
4068: <p>Append a <code>Comment</code> node to the <a href="#current-node">current
4069: node</a> with the <code title="">data</code> attribute set to
4070: the data given in the comment token.</p>
4071: </dd>
4072:
4073: <dt>A DOCTYPE token</dt>
4074: <dd>
4075: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
4076: </dd>
4077:
4078: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "html"</dt>
4079: <dd>
4080: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
4081: mode</a>.</p>
4082: </dd>
4083:
4084: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "body"</dt>
4085: <dd>
4086:
4087: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
4088:
4089: <p>Set the <a href="#frameset-ok-flag">frameset-ok flag</a> to "not ok".</p>
4090:
4091: <p>Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>".</p>
4092:
4093: </dd>
4094:
4095: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "frameset"</dt>
4096: <dd>
4097:
4098: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
4099:
4100: <p>Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-inframeset" title="insertion mode: in frameset">in frameset</a>".</p>
4101:
4102: </dd>
4103:
4104: <dt>A start tag token whose tag name is one of: "base", "link",
4105: "meta", "noframes", "script", "style", "title"</dt>
4106: <dd>
4107:
4108: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>.</p>
4109:
4110: <p>Push the node pointed to by the <a href="#head-element-pointer"><code title="">head</code> element pointer</a> onto the
4111: <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a>.</p>
4112:
4113: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-inhead" title="insertion mode: in head">in head</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
4114: mode</a>.</p>
4115:
4116: <p>Remove the node pointed to by the <a href="#head-element-pointer"><code title="">head</code> element pointer</a> from the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack
4117: of open elements</a>.</p>
4118:
4119: <p class="note">The <a href="#head-element-pointer"><code title="">head</code> element
4120: pointer</a> cannot be null at this point.</p>
4121:
4122: </dd>
4123:
4124: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "body", "html", "br"</dt>
4125: <dd>
4126: <p>Act as described in the "anything else" entry below.</p>
4127: </dd>
4128:
4129: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "head"</dt>
4130: <dt>Any other end tag</dt>
4131: <dd>
4132: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
4133: </dd>
4134:
4135: <dt>Anything else</dt>
4136: <dd>
4137: <p>Act as if a start tag token with the tag name "body" and no
4138: attributes had been seen, then set the <a href="#frameset-ok-flag">frameset-ok
4139: flag</a> back to "ok", and then reprocess the current
4140: token.</p>
4141: </dd>
4142:
4143: </dl><h5 id="parsing-main-inbody"><span class="secno">9.2.5.10 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: in body">in body</dfn>" insertion mode</h5>
4144:
4145: <p>When the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion
4146: mode: in body">in body</a>", tokens must be handled as follows:</p>
4147:
4148: <dl class="switch"><dt>A character token</dt>
4149: <dd>
4150:
4151: <p><a href="#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements">Reconstruct the active formatting elements</a>, if
4152: any.</p>
4153:
4154: <p><a href="#insert-a-character" title="insert a character">Insert the token's
4155: character</a> into the <a href="#current-node">current node</a>.</p>
4156:
4157: <p>If the token is not one of U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION, U+000A
4158: LINE FEED (LF), U+000C FORM FEED (FF), <!--U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN
4159: (CR),--> or U+0020 SPACE, then set the <a href="#frameset-ok-flag">frameset-ok
4160: flag</a> to "not ok".</p>
4161:
4162: </dd>
4163:
4164: <dt>A comment token</dt>
4165: <dd>
4166: <p>Append a <code>Comment</code> node to the <a href="#current-node">current
4167: node</a> with the <code title="">data</code> attribute set to
4168: the data given in the comment token.</p>
4169: </dd>
4170:
4171: <dt>A DOCTYPE token</dt>
4172: <dd>
4173: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
4174: </dd>
4175:
4176: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "html"</dt>
4177: <dd>
4178: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. For each attribute on the token,
4179: check to see if the attribute is already present on the top
4180: element of the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a>. If it is not,
4181: add the attribute and its corresponding value to that element.</p>
4182: </dd>
4183:
4184: <dt>A start tag token whose tag name is one of: "base", "command",
4185: "link", "meta", "noframes", "script", "style", "title"</dt>
4186: <dd>
4187: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-inhead" title="insertion mode: in head">in head</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
4188: mode</a>.</p>
4189: </dd>
4190:
4191: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "body"</dt>
4192: <dd>
4193:
4194: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>.</p>
4195:
4196: <p>If the second element on the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
4197: elements</a> is not a <code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element">body</a></code> element, or, if the
4198: <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> has only one node on it,
4199: then ignore the token. (<a href="#fragment-case">fragment case</a>)</p>
4200:
4201: <p>Otherwise, for each attribute on the token, check to see if
4202: the attribute is already present on the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element">body</a></code>
4203: element (the second element) on the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
4204: elements</a>. If it is not, add the attribute and its
4205: corresponding value to that element.</p>
4206:
4207: </dd>
4208:
4209: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "frameset"</dt>
4210: <dd>
4211:
4212: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>.</p>
4213:
4214: <p>If the second element on the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
4215: elements</a> is not a <code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element">body</a></code> element, or, if the
4216: <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> has only one node on it,
4217: then ignore the token. (<a href="#fragment-case">fragment case</a>)</p>
4218:
4219: <p>If the <a href="#frameset-ok-flag">frameset-ok flag</a> is set to "not ok", ignore
4220: the token.</p>
4221:
4222: <p>Otherwise, run the following steps:</p>
4223:
4224: <ol><li><p>Remove the second element on the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
4225: elements</a> from its parent node, if it has one.</p></li>
4226:
4227: <li><p>Pop all the nodes from the bottom of the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of
4228: open elements</a>, from the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> up to,
4229: but not including, the root <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code> element.</p>
4230:
4231: </li><li><p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the
4232: token.</p></li>
4233:
4234: <li><p>Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-inframeset" title="insertion mode: in frameset">in frameset</a>".</p>
4235:
4236: </li></ol></dd>
4237:
4238: <dt>An end-of-file token</dt>
4239: <dd>
4240:
4241: <p>If there is a node in the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a>
4242: that is not either a <code><a href="semantics.html#the-dd-element">dd</a></code> element, a <code><a href="semantics.html#the-dt-element">dt</a></code>
4243: element, an <code><a href="semantics.html#the-li-element">li</a></code> element, a <code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code> element, a
4244: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code> element, a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-td-element">td</a></code> element, a
4245: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tfoot-element">tfoot</a></code> element, a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-th-element">th</a></code> element, a
4246: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-thead-element">thead</a></code> element, a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code> element, the
4247: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element">body</a></code> element, or the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code> element, then
4248: this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>.</p> <!-- (some of those are
4249: fragment cases) -->
4250:
4251: <p><a href="#stop-parsing">Stop parsing</a>.</p>
4252:
4253: </dd>
4254:
4255: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "body"</dt>
4256: <dd>
4257:
4258: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> does not <a href="#has-an-element-in-scope" title="has an element in scope">have a <code>body</code> element
4259: in scope</a>, this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>; ignore the
4260: token.</p>
4261:
4262: <!-- if we get here, the insertion mode here is forcibly "in
4263: body". -->
4264:
4265: <p>Otherwise, if there is a node in the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
4266: elements</a> that is not either a <code><a href="semantics.html#the-dd-element">dd</a></code> element, a
4267: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-dt-element">dt</a></code> element, an <code><a href="semantics.html#the-li-element">li</a></code> element, an
4268: <code><a href="forms.html#the-optgroup-element">optgroup</a></code> element, an <code><a href="forms.html#the-option-element">option</a></code> element, a
4269: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code> element, an <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-rp-element">rp</a></code> element, an
4270: <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-rt-element">rt</a></code> element, a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code> element, a
4271: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-td-element">td</a></code> element, a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tfoot-element">tfoot</a></code> element, a
4272: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-th-element">th</a></code> element, a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-thead-element">thead</a></code> element, a
4273: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code> element, the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element">body</a></code> element, or the
4274: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code> element, then this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse
4275: error</a>.</p> <!-- (some of those are fragment cases, e.g. for
4276: <tbody> you'd have hit the first paragraph since the <body>
4277: wouldn't be in scope, unless it was a fragment case) -->
4278:
4279: <!-- If we ever change the frameset-ok flag to an insertion mode,
4280: then we'd have to somehow keep track of its state when we switch
4281: to after-body. -->
4282:
4283: <p>Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-afterbody" title="insertion mode: after body">after body</a>".</p>
4284:
4285: </dd>
4286:
4287: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "html"</dt>
4288: <dd>
4289:
4290: <p>Act as if an end tag with tag name "body" had been seen,
4291: then, if that token wasn't ignored, reprocess the current
4292: token.</p>
4293:
4294: <p class="note">The fake end tag token here can only be
4295: ignored in the <a href="#fragment-case">fragment case</a>.</p>
4296:
4297: </dd>
4298:
4299: <!-- start tags for non-phrasing flow content elements -->
4300:
4301: <!-- the normal ones -->
4302: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "address", "article",
4303: "aside", "blockquote", "center", "datagrid", "details", "dialog",
4304: "dir", "div", "dl", "fieldset", "figure", "footer", "header",
4305: "hgroup", "menu", "nav", "ol", "p", "section", "ul"</dt>
4306: <dd>
4307:
4308: <!-- As of May 2008 this doesn't match any browser exactly, but is
4309: as close to what IE does as I can get without doing the non-tree
4310: DOM nonsense, and thus should actually afford better compatibility
4311: when implemented by the other browsers. -->
4312:
4313: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> <a href="#has-an-element-in-scope" title="has
4314: an element in scope">has a <code>p</code> element in
4315: scope</a>, then act as if an end tag with the tag name
4316: "p" had been seen.</p>
4317:
4318: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
4319:
4320: </dd>
4321:
4322: <!-- as normal, but close h1-h6 if it's the current node -->
4323: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "h1", "h2", "h3", "h4",
4324: "h5", "h6"</dt>
4325: <dd>
4326:
4327: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> <a href="#has-an-element-in-scope" title="has
4328: an element in scope">has a <code>p</code> element in
4329: scope</a>, then act as if an end tag with the tag name
4330: "p" had been seen.</p>
4331:
4332: <p>If the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is an element whose tag name
4333: is one of "h1", "h2", "h3", "h4", "h5", or "h6", then this is a
4334: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>; pop the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> off
4335: the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a>.</p>
4336: <!-- See https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=12646 -->
4337:
4338: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
4339:
4340: </dd>
4341:
4342: <!-- as normal, but drops leading newline -->
4343: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "pre", "listing"</dt>
4344: <dd>
4345:
4346: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> <a href="#has-an-element-in-scope" title="has
4347: an element in scope">has a <code>p</code> element in
4348: scope</a>, then act as if an end tag with the tag name
4349: "p" had been seen.</p>
4350:
4351: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
4352:
4353: <p>If the next token is a U+000A LINE FEED (LF) character
4354: token, then ignore that token and move on to the next
4355: one. (Newlines at the start of <code><a href="semantics.html#the-pre-element">pre</a></code> blocks are
4356: ignored as an authoring convenience.)</p>
4357:
4358: <p>Set the <a href="#frameset-ok-flag">frameset-ok flag</a> to "not ok".</p>
4359:
4360: </dd>
4361:
4362: <!-- as normal, but interacts with the form element pointer -->
4363: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "form"</dt>
4364: <dd>
4365:
4366: <p>If the <a href="#form-element-pointer"><code title="form">form</code> element
4367: pointer</a> is not null, then this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse
4368: error</a>; ignore the token.</p>
4369:
4370: <p>Otherwise:</p>
4371:
4372: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> <a href="#has-an-element-in-scope" title="has
4373: an element in scope">has a <code>p</code> element in
4374: scope</a>, then act as if an end tag with the tag name
4375: "p" had been seen.</p>
4376:
4377: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token, and set the
4378: <a href="#form-element-pointer"><code title="form">form</code> element pointer</a> to
4379: point to the element created.</p>
4380:
4381: </dd>
4382:
4383: <!-- as normal, but imply </li> when there's another <li> open in weird cases -->
4384: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "li"</dt>
4385: <dd>
4386:
4387: <p>Run the following algorithm:</p>
4388:
4389: <ol><li><p>Set the <a href="#frameset-ok-flag">frameset-ok flag</a> to "not ok".</p></li>
4390:
4391: <li><p>Initialize <var title="">node</var> to be the <a href="#current-node">current
4392: node</a> (the bottommost node of the stack).</p></li>
4393:
4394: <li><p>If <var title="">node</var> is an <code><a href="semantics.html#the-li-element">li</a></code> element,
4395: then act as if an end tag with the tag name "li" had
4396: been seen, then jump to the last step.</p></li>
4397:
4398: <li><p><i>Loop</i>: If <var title="">node</var> is not in the
4399: <a href="#formatting">formatting</a> category, and is not in the
4400: <a href="#phrasing">phrasing</a> category, and is not an
4401: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-address-element">address</a></code>, <code><a href="interactive-elements.html#the-div-element">div</a></code>, or <code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code>
4402: element, then jump to the last step.</p></li> <!-- an element
4403: <foo> is in this list if the following markup:
4404:
4405: <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><body><ol><li><foo><li>
4406:
4407: ...results in the second <li> not being (in any way) a descendant
4408: of the first <li>, or if <foo> is a formatting element that gets
4409: reopened later. -->
4410:
4411: <li><p>Otherwise, set <var title="">node</var> to the previous
4412: entry in the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> and return to
4413: the step labeled <i>loop</i>.</p></li>
4414:
4415: <li>
4416:
4417: <p>This is the last step.</p>
4418:
4419: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> <a href="#has-an-element-in-scope" title="has
4420: an element in scope">has a <code>p</code> element in
4421: scope</a>, then act as if an end tag with the tag name
4422: "p" had been seen.</p>
4423:
4424: <p>Finally, <a href="#insert-an-html-element">insert an HTML element</a> for the
4425: token.</p>
4426:
4427: </li>
4428:
4429: </ol></dd>
4430:
4431: <!-- as normal, but imply </dt> or </dd> when there's another <dt> or <dd> open in weird cases -->
4432: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "dd", "dt"</dt>
4433: <dd>
4434:
4435: <p>Run the following algorithm:</p>
4436:
4437: <ol><li><p>Set the <a href="#frameset-ok-flag">frameset-ok flag</a> to "not ok".</p></li>
4438:
4439: <li><p>Initialize <var title="">node</var> to be the <a href="#current-node">current
4440: node</a> (the bottommost node of the stack).</p></li>
4441:
4442: <li><p><i>Loop</i>: If <var title="">node</var> is a
4443: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-dd-element">dd</a></code> or <code><a href="semantics.html#the-dt-element">dt</a></code> element, then act as if an end
4444: tag with the same tag name as <var title="">node</var> had been
4445: seen, then jump to the last step.</p></li>
4446:
4447: <li><p>If <var title="">node</var> is not in the
4448: <a href="#formatting">formatting</a> category, and is not in the
4449: <a href="#phrasing">phrasing</a> category, and is not an
4450: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-address-element">address</a></code>, <code><a href="interactive-elements.html#the-div-element">div</a></code>, or <code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code>
4451: element, then jump to the last step.</p></li> <!-- an element
4452: <foo> is in this list if the following markup:
4453:
4454: <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><body><dl><dt><foo><dt>
4455:
4456: ...results in the second <dt> not being (in any way) a descendant
4457: of the first <dt>, or if <foo> is a formatting element that gets
4458: reopened later. -->
4459:
4460: <li><p>Otherwise, set <var title="">node</var> to the previous
4461: entry in the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> and return to
4462: the step labeled <i>loop</i>.</p></li>
4463:
4464: <li>
4465:
4466: <p>This is the last step.</p>
4467:
4468: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> <a href="#has-an-element-in-scope" title="has
4469: an element in scope">has a <code>p</code> element in
4470: scope</a>, then act as if an end tag with the tag name
4471: "p" had been seen.</p>
4472:
4473: <p>Finally, <a href="#insert-an-html-element">insert an HTML element</a> for the
4474: token.</p>
4475:
4476: </li>
4477:
4478: </ol></dd>
4479:
4480: <!-- same as normal, but effectively ends parsing -->
4481: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "plaintext"</dt>
4482: <dd>
4483:
4484: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> <a href="#has-an-element-in-scope" title="has
4485: an element in scope">has a <code>p</code> element in
4486: scope</a>, then act as if an end tag with the tag name
4487: "p" had been seen.</p>
4488:
4489: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
4490:
4491: <p>Switch the <a href="#content-model-flag">content model flag</a> to the PLAINTEXT
4492: state.</p>
4493:
4494: <p class="note">Once a start tag with the tag name "plaintext"
4495: has been seen, that will be the last token ever seen other
4496: than character tokens (and the end-of-file token), because
4497: there is no way to switch the <a href="#content-model-flag">content model flag</a>
4498: out of the PLAINTEXT state.</p>
4499:
4500: </dd>
4501:
4502: <!-- end tags for non-phrasing flow content elements -->
4503:
4504: <!-- the normal ones -->
4505: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "address", "article",
4506: "aside", "blockquote", "center", "datagrid", "details", "dialog",
4507: "dir", "div", "dl", "fieldset", "figure", "footer", "header",
4508: "hgroup", "listing", "menu", "nav", "ol", "pre", "section",
4509: "ul"</dt>
4510: <dd>
4511:
4512: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> does not <a href="#has-an-element-in-scope" title="has an element in scope">have an element in scope</a>
4513: with the same tag name as that of the token, then this is a
4514: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>; ignore the token.</p>
4515:
4516: <p>Otherwise, run these steps:</p>
4517:
4518: <ol><li><p><a href="#generate-implied-end-tags">Generate implied end tags</a>.</p></li>
4519:
4520: <li><p>If the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is not an element with
4521: the same tag name as that of the token, then this is a
4522: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>.</p></li>
4523:
4524: <li><p>Pop elements from the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a>
4525: until an element with the same tag name as the token has been
4526: popped from the stack.</p></li>
4527:
4528: </ol></dd>
4529:
4530: <!-- removes the form element pointer instead of the matching node -->
4531: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "form"</dt>
4532: <dd>
4533:
4534: <p>Let <var title="">node</var> be the element that the
4535: <a href="#form-element-pointer"><code title="">form</code> element pointer</a> is set
4536: to.</p>
4537:
4538: <p>Set the <a href="#form-element-pointer"><code title="">form</code> element pointer</a>
4539: to null.</p>
4540:
4541: <p>If <var title="">node</var> is null or the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
4542: elements</a> does not <a href="#has-an-element-in-scope" title="has an element in
4543: scope">have <var title="">node</var> in scope</a>, then this is
4544: a <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>; ignore the token.</p>
4545:
4546: <p>Otherwise, run these steps:</p>
4547:
4548: <ol><li><p><a href="#generate-implied-end-tags">Generate implied end tags</a>.</p></li>
4549:
4550: <li><p>If the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is not <var title="">node</var>, then this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse
4551: error</a>.</p></li>
4552:
4553: <li><p>Remove <var title="">node</var> from the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of
4554: open elements</a>.</p></li>
4555:
4556: </ol></dd>
4557:
4558: <!-- as normal, except </p> implies <p> if there's no <p> in scope, and needs care as the elements have optional tags -->
4559: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "p"</dt>
4560: <dd>
4561:
4562: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> does not <a href="#has-an-element-in-scope" title="has an element in scope">have an element in scope</a>
4563: with the same tag name as that of the token, then this is a
4564: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>; act as if a start tag with the tag name
4565: "p" had been seen, then reprocess the current token.</p>
4566:
4567: <p>Otherwise, run these steps:</p>
4568:
4569: <ol><li><p><a href="#generate-implied-end-tags">Generate implied end tags</a>, except
4570: for elements with the same tag name as the token.</p></li>
4571:
4572: <li><p>If the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is not an element with
4573: the same tag name as that of the token, then this is a
4574: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>.</p></li>
4575:
4576: <li><p>Pop elements from the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a>
4577: until an element with the same tag name as the token has been
4578: popped from the stack.</p></li>
4579:
4580: </ol></dd>
4581:
4582: <!-- as normal, but needs care as the elements have optional tags -->
4583: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "dd", "dt", "li"</dt>
4584: <dd>
4585:
4586: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> does not <a href="#has-an-element-in-scope" title="has an element in scope">have an element in scope</a>
4587: with the same tag name as that of the token, then this is a
4588: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>; ignore the token.</p>
4589:
4590: <p>Otherwise, run these steps:</p>
4591:
4592: <ol><li><p><a href="#generate-implied-end-tags">Generate implied end tags</a>, except
4593: for elements with the same tag name as the token.</p></li>
4594:
4595: <li><p>If the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is not an element with
4596: the same tag name as that of the token, then this is a
4597: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>.</p></li>
4598:
4599: <li><p>Pop elements from the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a>
4600: until an element with the same tag name as the token has been
4601: popped from the stack.</p></li>
4602:
4603: </ol></dd>
4604:
4605: <!-- as normal, except acts as a closer for any of the h1-h6 elements -->
4606: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "h1", "h2", "h3", "h4", "h5", "h6"</dt>
4607: <dd>
4608:
4609: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> does not <a href="#has-an-element-in-scope" title="has an element in scope">have an element in scope</a>
4610: whose tag name is one of "h1", "h2", "h3", "h4", "h5", or "h6",
4611: then this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>; ignore the token.</p>
4612:
4613: <p>Otherwise, run these steps:</p>
4614:
4615: <ol><li><p><a href="#generate-implied-end-tags">Generate implied end tags</a>.</p></li>
4616:
4617: <li><p>If the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is not an element with
4618: the same tag name as that of the token, then this is a
4619: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>.</p></li>
4620:
4621: <li><p>Pop elements from the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a>
4622: until an element whose tag name is one of "h1", "h2", "h3", "h4",
4623: "h5", or "h6" has been popped from the stack.</p></li>
4624:
4625: </ol></dd>
4626:
4627: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "sarcasm"</dt>
4628: <dd>
4629: <p>Take a deep breath, then act as described in the "any other end
4630: tag" entry below.</p>
4631: </dd>
4632:
4633: <!-- ADOPTION AGENCY ELEMENTS
4634: Mozilla-only: bdo blink del ins sub sup q
4635: Safari-only: code dfn kbd nobr samp var wbr
4636: Both: a b big em font i s small strike strong tt u -->
4637:
4638: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "a"</dt>
4639: <dd>
4640:
4641: <p>If the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting elements</a>
4642: contains an element whose tag name is "a" between the end of
4643: the list and the last marker on the list (or the start of the
4644: list if there is no marker on the list), then this is a
4645: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>; act as if an end tag with the tag
4646: name "a" had been seen, then remove that element from the
4647: <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting elements</a> and the
4648: <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> if the end tag didn't
4649: already remove it (it might not have if the element is not
4650: <a href="#has-an-element-in-table-scope" title="has an element in table scope">in table
4651: scope</a>).</p>
4652:
4653: <p class="example">In the non-conforming stream
4654: <code><a href="a">a<table><a href="b">b</table>x</code>,
4655: the first <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-a-element">a</a></code> element would be closed upon seeing
4656: the second one, and the "x" character would be inside a link
4657: to "b", not to "a". This is despite the fact that the outer
4658: <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-a-element">a</a></code> element is not in table scope (meaning that a
4659: regular <code></a></code> end tag at the start of the table
4660: wouldn't close the outer <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-a-element">a</a></code> element).</p>
4661:
4662: <p><a href="#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements">Reconstruct the active formatting elements</a>, if
4663: any.</p>
4664:
4665: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token. Add that
4666: element to the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting
4667: elements</a>.</p>
4668:
4669: </dd>
4670:
4671: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "b", "big", "code", "em",
4672: "font", "i", "s", "small", "strike", "strong", "tt", "u"</dt>
4673: <dd>
4674:
4675: <p><a href="#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements">Reconstruct the active formatting elements</a>, if
4676: any.</p>
4677:
4678: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token. Add that
4679: element to the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting
4680: elements</a>.</p>
4681:
4682: </dd>
4683:
4684: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "nobr"</dt>
4685: <dd>
4686:
4687: <p><a href="#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements">Reconstruct the active formatting elements</a>, if
4688: any.</p>
4689:
4690: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> <a href="#has-an-element-in-scope" title="has an
4691: element in scope">has a <code>nobr</code> element in scope</a>,
4692: then this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>; act as if an end tag with
4693: the tag name "nobr" had been seen, then once again
4694: <a href="#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements">reconstruct the active formatting elements</a>, if
4695: any.</p>
4696:
4697: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token. Add that
4698: element to the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting
4699: elements</a>.</p>
4700:
4701: </dd>
4702:
4703: <dt id="adoptionAgency">An end tag whose tag name is one of: "a",
4704: "b", "big", "code", "em", "font", "i", "nobr", "s", "small",
4705: "strike", "strong", "tt", "u"</dt>
4706: <dd>
4707:
4708: <p>Follow these steps:</p>
4709:
4710: <ol><li>
4711:
4712: <p>Let the <var title="">formatting element</var> be the
4713: last element in the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting
4714: elements</a> that:</p>
4715:
4716: <ul><li>is between the end of the list and the last scope
4717: marker in the list, if any, or the start of the list
4718: otherwise, and</li>
4719:
4720: <li>has the same tag name as the token.</li>
4721:
4722: </ul><p>If there is no such node, or, if that node is also in the
4723: <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> but the element is not <a href="#has-an-element-in-scope" title="has an element in scope">in scope</a>, then this is a
4724: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>; ignore the token, and abort these
4725: steps.</p>
4726:
4727: <p>Otherwise, if there is such a node, but that node is not
4728: in the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a>, then this is a
4729: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>; remove the element from the list,
4730: and abort these steps.</p>
4731:
4732: <p>Otherwise, there is a <var title="">formatting
4733: element</var> and that element is in <a href="#stack-of-open-elements" title="stack of
4734: open elements">the stack</a> and is <a href="#has-an-element-in-scope" title="has an
4735: element in scope">in scope</a>. If the element is not the
4736: <a href="#current-node">current node</a>, this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse
4737: error</a>. In any case, proceed with the algorithm as
4738: written in the following steps.</p>
4739:
4740: </li>
4741:
4742: <li><p>Let the <var title="">furthest block</var> be the
4743: topmost node in the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> that
4744: is lower in the stack than the <var title="">formatting
4745: element</var>, and is not an element in the
4746: <a href="#phrasing">phrasing</a> or <a href="#formatting">formatting</a>
4747: categories. There might not be one.</p></li>
4748:
4749: <li><p>If there is no <var title="">furthest block</var>,
4750: then the UA must skip the subsequent steps and instead just
4751: pop all the nodes from the bottom of the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
4752: elements</a>, from the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> up to and
4753: including the <var title="">formatting element</var>, and
4754: remove the <var title="">formatting element</var> from the
4755: <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting elements</a>.</p></li>
4756:
4757: <li><p>Let the <var title="">common ancestor</var> be the element
4758: immediately above the <var title="">formatting element</var> in the
4759: <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a>.</p></li>
4760:
4761: <li><p>Let a bookmark note the position of the <var title="">formatting element</var> in the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active
4762: formatting elements</a> relative to the elements on either
4763: side of it in the list.</p></li>
4764:
4765: <li>
4766:
4767: <p>Let <var title="">node</var> and <var title="">last node</var> be the
4768: <var title="">furthest block</var>. Follow these steps:</p>
4769:
4770: <ol><li>Let <var title="">node</var> be the element immediately
4771: above <var title="">node</var> in the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
4772: elements</a>.</li>
4773:
4774: <li>If <var title="">node</var> is not in the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of
4775: active formatting elements</a>, then remove <var title="">node</var> from the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
4776: elements</a> and then go back to step 1.</li>
4777:
4778: <li>Otherwise, if <var title="">node</var> is the <var title="">formatting element</var>, then go to the next step
4779: in the overall algorithm.</li>
4780:
4781: <li>Otherwise, if <var title="">last node</var> is the <var title="">furthest block</var>, then move the aforementioned
4782: bookmark to be immediately after the <var title="">node</var> in the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting
4783: elements</a>.</li>
4784:
4785: <li><a href="#create-an-element-for-the-token">Create an element for the token</a> for which the
4786: element <var title="">node</var> was created, replace the entry
4787: for <var title="">node</var> in the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active
4788: formatting elements</a> with an entry for the new element,
4789: replace the entry for <var title="">node</var> in the
4790: <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> with an entry for the new
4791: element, and let <var title="">node</var> be the new
4792: element.</li>
4793:
4794: <li>Insert <var title="">last node</var> into <var title="">node</var>, first removing it from its previous
4795: parent node if any.</li>
4796:
4797: <li>Let <var title="">last node</var> be <var title="">node</var>.</li>
4798:
4799: <li>Return to step 1 of this inner set of steps.</li>
4800:
4801: </ol></li>
4802:
4803: <li>
4804:
4805: <p>If the <var title="">common ancestor</var> node is a
4806: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tfoot-element">tfoot</a></code>,
4807: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-thead-element">thead</a></code>, or <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code> element, then,
4808: <a href="#foster-parent">foster parent</a> whatever <var title="">last
4809: node</var> ended up being in the previous step, first removing
4810: it from its previous parent node if any.</p>
4811:
4812: <p>Otherwise, append whatever <var title="">last node</var>
4813: ended up being in the previous step to the <var title="">common
4814: ancestor</var> node, first removing it from its previous parent
4815: node if any.</p>
4816:
4817: </li>
4818:
4819: <li><p><a href="#create-an-element-for-the-token">Create an element for the token</a> for which the
4820: <var title="">formatting element</var> was created.</p></li>
4821:
4822: <li><p>Take all of the child nodes of the <var title="">furthest
4823: block</var> and append them to the element created in the last
4824: step.</p></li>
4825:
4826: <li><p>Append that new element to the <var title="">furthest
4827: block</var>.</p></li>
4828:
4829: <li><p>Remove the <var title="">formatting element</var> from the
4830: <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting elements</a>, and insert the
4831: new element into the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting
4832: elements</a> at the position of the aforementioned
4833: bookmark.</p></li>
4834:
4835: <li><p>Remove the <var title="">formatting element</var> from the
4836: <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a>, and insert the new element
4837: into the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> immediately below
4838: the position of the <var title="">furthest block</var> in that
4839: stack.</p></li>
4840:
4841: <li><p>Jump back to step 1 in this series of steps.</p></li>
4842:
4843: </ol><!--XXX
4844: <div class="example">
4845: <p class="XXX">Need an example.</p>
4846: </div>
4847: --><p class="note">Because of the way this algorithm causes elements to
4848: change parents, it has been dubbed the "adoption agency algorithm"
4849: (in contrast with other possibly algorithms for dealing with
4850: misnested content, which included the "incest algorithm", the
4851: "secret affair algorithm", and the "Heisenberg algorithm").</p>
4852:
4853: </dd>
4854:
4855: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "button"</dt>
4856: <dd>
4857:
4858: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> <a href="#has-an-element-in-scope" title="has
4859: an element in scope">has a <code>button</code> element in
4860: scope</a>, then this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>;
4861: act as if an end tag with the tag name "button" had been seen,
4862: then reprocess the token.</p>
4863:
4864: <p>Otherwise:</p>
4865:
4866: <p><a href="#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements">Reconstruct the active formatting elements</a>, if
4867: any.</p>
4868:
4869: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
4870:
4871: <p>Insert a marker at the end of the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active
4872: formatting elements</a>.</p>
4873:
4874: <p>Set the <a href="#frameset-ok-flag">frameset-ok flag</a> to "not ok".</p>
4875:
4876: </dd>
4877:
4878: <dt>A start tag token whose tag name is one of: "applet",
4879: "marquee", "object"</dt>
4880: <dd>
4881:
4882: <p><a href="#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements">Reconstruct the active formatting elements</a>, if
4883: any.</p>
4884:
4885: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
4886:
4887: <p>Insert a marker at the end of the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active
4888: formatting elements</a>.</p>
4889:
4890: <p>Set the <a href="#frameset-ok-flag">frameset-ok flag</a> to "not ok".</p>
4891:
4892: </dd>
4893:
4894: <dt>An end tag token whose tag name is one of: "applet", "button",
4895: "marquee", "object"</dt>
4896: <dd>
4897:
4898: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> does not <a href="#has-an-element-in-scope" title="has an element in scope">have an element in scope</a>
4899: with the same tag name as that of the token, then this is a
4900: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>; ignore the token.</p>
4901:
4902: <p>Otherwise, run these steps:</p>
4903:
4904: <ol><li><p><a href="#generate-implied-end-tags">Generate implied end tags</a>.</p></li>
4905:
4906: <li><p>If the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is not an element with
4907: the same tag name as that of the token, then this is a
4908: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>.</p></li>
4909:
4910: <li><p>Pop elements from the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a>
4911: until an element with the same tag name as the token has been
4912: popped from the stack.</p></li>
4913:
4914: <li><a href="#clear-the-list-of-active-formatting-elements-up-to-the-last-marker">Clear the list of active formatting elements up to the
4915: last marker</a>.</li>
4916:
4917: </ol></dd>
4918:
4919: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "table"</dt>
4920: <dd>
4921:
4922: <p>If the <code>Document</code> is <em>not</em> set to
4923: <a href="dom.html#quirks-mode">quirks mode</a>, and the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
4924: elements</a> <a href="#has-an-element-in-scope" title="has an element in scope">has a
4925: <code>p</code> element in scope</a>, then act as if an end tag
4926: with the tag name "p" had been seen.</p> <!-- i hate myself (this
4927: quirk was basically caused by acid2; if i'd realised we could
4928: change the specs when i wrote acid2, we could have avoided having
4929: any parsing-mode quirks) -Hixie -->
4930:
4931: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
4932:
4933: <p>Set the <a href="#frameset-ok-flag">frameset-ok flag</a> to "not ok".</p>
4934:
4935: <p>Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-intable" title="insertion mode: in table">in table</a>".</p>
4936:
4937: </dd>
4938:
4939: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "area", "basefont",
4940: "bgsound", "br", "embed", "img", "input", "keygen", "spacer",
4941: "wbr"</dt>
4942: <dd>
4943:
4944: <p><a href="#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements">Reconstruct the active formatting elements</a>, if
4945: any.</p>
4946:
4947: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token. Immediately
4948: pop the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> off the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
4949: elements</a>.</p>
4950:
4951: <p><a href="#acknowledge-self-closing-flag" title="acknowledge self-closing flag">Acknowledge the
4952: token's <i>self-closing flag</i></a>, if it is set.</p>
4953:
4954: <p>Set the <a href="#frameset-ok-flag">frameset-ok flag</a> to "not ok".</p> <!--
4955: shouldn't really do it for <area>, <basefont>, <bgsound>, and
4956: <spacer> -->
4957:
4958: </dd>
4959:
4960: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "param", "source"</dt>
4961: <dd>
4962:
4963: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token. Immediately
4964: pop the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> off the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
4965: elements</a>.</p>
4966:
4967: <p><a href="#acknowledge-self-closing-flag" title="acknowledge self-closing flag">Acknowledge the
4968: token's <i>self-closing flag</i></a>, if it is set.</p>
4969:
4970: </dd>
4971:
4972: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "hr"</dt>
4973: <dd>
4974:
4975: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> <a href="#has-an-element-in-scope" title="has
4976: an element in scope">has a <code>p</code> element in
4977: scope</a>, then act as if an end tag with the tag name
4978: "p" had been seen.</p>
4979:
4980: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token. Immediately
4981: pop the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> off the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
4982: elements</a>.</p>
4983:
4984: <p><a href="#acknowledge-self-closing-flag" title="acknowledge self-closing flag">Acknowledge the
4985: token's <i>self-closing flag</i></a>, if it is set.</p>
4986:
4987: <p>Set the <a href="#frameset-ok-flag">frameset-ok flag</a> to "not ok".</p>
4988:
4989: </dd>
4990:
4991: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "image"</dt>
4992: <dd>
4993: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Change the token's tag name
4994: to "img" and reprocess it. (Don't ask.)</p> <!-- As of
4995: 2005-12, studies showed that around 0.2% of pages used the
4996: <image> element. -->
4997: </dd>
4998:
4999: <dt id="isindex">A start tag whose tag name is "isindex"</dt>
5000: <dd>
5001:
5002: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>.</p>
5003:
5004: <p>If the <a href="#form-element-pointer"><code title="">form</code> element
5005: pointer</a> is not null, then ignore the token.</p>
5006:
5007: <p>Otherwise:</p>
5008:
5009: <p><a href="#acknowledge-self-closing-flag" title="acknowledge self-closing flag">Acknowledge the
5010: token's <i>self-closing flag</i></a>, if it is set.</p> <!--
5011: purely to reduce the number of errors (we don't care if they
5012: included the /, they're not supposed to be including the tag at
5013: all! -->
5014:
5015: <p>Act as if a start tag token with the tag name "form" had been seen.</p>
5016:
5017: <p>If the token has an attribute called "action", set the
5018: <code title="attr-form-action">action</code> attribute on the
5019: resulting <code><a href="forms.html#the-form-element">form</a></code> element to the value of the
5020: "action" attribute of the token.</p>
5021:
5022: <p>Act as if a start tag token with the tag name "hr" had been
5023: seen.</p>
5024:
5025: <p>Act as if a start tag token with the tag name "label" had been
5026: seen.</p>
5027:
5028: <p>Act as if a stream of character tokens had been seen (see below
5029: for what they should say).</p>
5030:
5031: <p>Act as if a start tag token with the tag name "input" had been
5032: seen, with all the attributes from the "isindex" token except
5033: "name", "action", and "prompt". Set the <code title="attr-fe-name"><a href="forms.html#attr-fe-name">name</a></code> attribute of the resulting
5034: <code><a href="forms.html#the-input-element">input</a></code> element to the value "<code title="">isindex</code>".</p>
5035:
5036: <p>Act as if a stream of character tokens had been seen (see
5037: below for what they should say).</p>
5038:
5039: <p>Act as if an end tag token with the tag name "label" had been
5040: seen.</p>
5041:
5042: <p>Act as if a start tag token with the tag name "hr" had been
5043: seen.</p>
5044:
5045: <p>Act as if an end tag token with the tag name "form" had been
5046: seen.</p>
5047:
5048: <p>If the token has an attribute with the name "prompt", then the
5049: first stream of characters must be the same string as given in
5050: that attribute, and the second stream of characters must be
5051: empty. Otherwise, the two streams of character tokens together
5052: should, together with the <code><a href="forms.html#the-input-element">input</a></code> element, express the
5053: equivalent of "This is a searchable index. Insert your search
5054: keywords here: (input field)" in the user's preferred
5055: language.</p>
5056:
5057: </dd>
5058:
5059: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "textarea"</dt>
5060: <dd>
5061:
5062: <ol><li><p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the
5063: token.</p></li>
5064:
5065: <li><p>If the next token is a U+000A LINE FEED (LF) character
5066: token, then ignore that token and move on to the next
5067: one. (Newlines at the start of <code><a href="forms.html#the-textarea-element">textarea</a></code> elements are
5068: ignored as an authoring convenience.)</p></li>
5069:
5070: <li><p>Switch the tokenizer's <a href="#content-model-flag">content model flag</a> to
5071: the RCDATA state.</p></li>
5072:
5073: <li><p>Let the <a href="#original-insertion-mode">original insertion mode</a> be the
5074: current <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a>.</p>
5075:
5076: </li><li><p>Set the <a href="#frameset-ok-flag">frameset-ok flag</a> to "not
5077: ok".</p></li>
5078:
5079: <li><p>Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-incdata" title="insertion mode: in CDATA/RCDATA">in
5080: CDATA/RCDATA</a>".</p></li>
5081:
5082: </ol></dd>
5083:
5084: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "xmp"</dt>
5085: <dd>
5086:
5087: <p><a href="#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements">Reconstruct the active formatting elements</a>, if
5088: any.</p>
5089:
5090: <p>Set the <a href="#frameset-ok-flag">frameset-ok flag</a> to "not ok".</p>
5091:
5092: <p>Follow the <a href="#generic-cdata-element-parsing-algorithm">generic CDATA element parsing algorithm</a>.</p>
5093:
5094: </dd>
5095:
5096: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "iframe"</dt>
5097: <dd>
5098:
5099: <p>Set the <a href="#frameset-ok-flag">frameset-ok flag</a> to "not ok".</p>
5100:
5101: <p>Follow the <a href="#generic-cdata-element-parsing-algorithm">generic CDATA element parsing algorithm</a>.</p>
5102:
5103: </dd>
5104:
5105: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "noembed"</dt>
5106: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "noscript", if the <a href="#scripting-flag">scripting flag</a> is enabled</dt>
5107: <dd>
5108:
5109: <p>Follow the <a href="#generic-cdata-element-parsing-algorithm">generic CDATA element parsing algorithm</a>.</p>
5110:
5111: </dd>
5112:
5113: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "select"</dt>
5114: <dd>
5115:
5116: <p><a href="#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements">Reconstruct the active formatting elements</a>, if
5117: any.</p>
5118:
5119: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
5120:
5121: <p>Set the <a href="#frameset-ok-flag">frameset-ok flag</a> to "not ok".</p>
5122:
5123: <p>If the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is one of <a href="#parsing-main-intable" title="insertion mode: in table">in table</a>", "<a href="#parsing-main-incaption" title="insertion mode: in caption">in caption</a>", "<a href="#parsing-main-incolgroup" title="insertion mode: in column group">in column group</a>",
5124: "<a href="#parsing-main-intbody" title="insertion mode: in table body">in table
5125: body</a>", "<a href="#parsing-main-intr" title="insertion mode: in row">in
5126: row</a>", or "<a href="#parsing-main-intd" title="insertion mode: in cell">in
5127: cell</a>", then switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to
5128: "<a href="#parsing-main-inselectintable" title="insertion mode: in select in table">in select in
5129: table</a>". Otherwise, switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a>
5130: to "<a href="#parsing-main-inselect" title="insertion mode: in select">in select</a>".</p>
5131:
5132: </dd>
5133:
5134: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "optgroup", "option"</dt>
5135: <dd>
5136:
5137: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> <a href="#has-an-element-in-scope" title="has an
5138: element in scope">has an <code>option</code> element in
5139: scope</a>, then act as if an end tag with the tag name "option"
5140: had been seen.</p>
5141:
5142: <p><a href="#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements">Reconstruct the active formatting elements</a>, if
5143: any.</p>
5144:
5145: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
5146:
5147: </dd>
5148:
5149: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "rp", "rt"</dt>
5150: <dd>
5151:
5152: <!-- the parsing rules for ruby really don't match IE much at all,
5153: but in practice the markup used is very simple and so strict
5154: compatibility with IE isn't required. For example, as defined
5155: here we get very, very different behaviour than IE for
5156: pathological cases like:
5157:
5158: <ruby><ol><li><p>a<rt>b
5159: <ruby>a<rt>b<p>c
5160:
5161: But in practice most ruby markup falls into these cases:
5162:
5163: <ruby>a<rt>b</ruby>
5164: <ruby>a<rp>b<rt>c<rp>d</ruby>
5165: <ruby>a<rt>b</rt></ruby>
5166: <ruby>a<rp>b</rp><rt>c</rt><rp>d</rp></ruby>
5167:
5168: -->
5169:
5170: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> <a href="#has-an-element-in-scope" title="has an
5171: element in scope">has a <code>ruby</code> element in scope</a>,
5172: then <a href="#generate-implied-end-tags">generate implied end tags</a>. If the <a href="#current-node">current
5173: node</a> is not then a <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-ruby-element">ruby</a></code> element, this is a
5174: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>; pop all the nodes from the <a href="#current-node">current
5175: node</a> up to the node immediately before the bottommost
5176: <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-ruby-element">ruby</a></code> element on the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
5177: elements</a>.</p>
5178:
5179: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
5180:
5181: </dd>
5182:
5183: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "br"</dt>
5184: <dd>
5185: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Act as if a start tag token with
5186: the tag name "br" had been seen. Ignore the end tag token.</p>
5187: </dd>
5188:
5189: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "math"</dt>
5190: <dd>
5191:
5192: <p><a href="#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements">Reconstruct the active formatting elements</a>, if
5193: any.</p>
5194:
5195: <p><a href="#adjust-mathml-attributes">Adjust MathML attributes</a> for the token. (This
5196: fixes the case of MathML attributes that are not all
5197: lowercase.)</p>
5198:
5199: <p><a href="#adjust-foreign-attributes">Adjust foreign attributes</a> for the token. (This
5200: fixes the use of namespaced attributes, in particular XLink.)</p>
5201:
5202: <p><a href="#insert-a-foreign-element">Insert a foreign element</a> for the token, in the
5203: <a href="#mathml-namespace">MathML namespace</a>.</p>
5204:
5205: <!-- If we ever change the frameset-ok flag to an insertion mode,
5206: the following change would be implied, except we'd have to do it
5207: even in the face of a self-closed tag:
5208: <p>Set the <span>frameset-ok flag</span> to "not ok".</p>
5209: -->
5210:
5211: <p>If the token has its <i>self-closing flag</i> set, pop the
5212: <a href="#current-node">current node</a> off the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
5213: elements</a> and <a href="#acknowledge-self-closing-flag" title="acknowledge self-closing
5214: flag">acknowledge the token's <i>self-closing flag</i></a>.</p>
5215:
5216: <p>Otherwise, if the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is not already
5217: "<a href="#parsing-main-inforeign" title="insertion mode: in foreign content">in foreign
5218: content</a>", let the <a href="#secondary-insertion-mode">secondary insertion mode</a> be
5219: the current <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a>, and then switch the
5220: <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-inforeign" title="insertion mode: in
5221: foreign content">in foreign content</a>".</p>
5222:
5223: </dd>
5224:
5225: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "svg"</dt>
5226: <dd>
5227:
5228: <p><a href="#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements">Reconstruct the active formatting elements</a>, if
5229: any.</p>
5230:
5231: <p><a href="#adjust-svg-attributes">Adjust SVG attributes</a> for the token. (This fixes
5232: the case of SVG attributes that are not all lowercase.)</p>
5233:
5234: <p><a href="#adjust-foreign-attributes">Adjust foreign attributes</a> for the token. (This
5235: fixes the use of namespaced attributes, in particular XLink in
5236: SVG.)</p>
5237:
5238: <p><a href="#insert-a-foreign-element">Insert a foreign element</a> for the token, in the
5239: <a href="#svg-namespace">SVG namespace</a>.</p>
5240:
5241: <!-- If we ever change the frameset-ok flag to an insertion mode,
5242: the following change would be implied, except we'd have to do it
5243: even in the face of a self-closed tag:
5244: <p>Set the <span>frameset-ok flag</span> to "not ok".</p>
5245: -->
5246:
5247: <p>If the token has its <i>self-closing flag</i> set, pop the
5248: <a href="#current-node">current node</a> off the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
5249: elements</a> and <a href="#acknowledge-self-closing-flag" title="acknowledge self-closing
5250: flag">acknowledge the token's <i>self-closing flag</i></a>.</p>
5251:
5252: <p>Otherwise, if the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is not already
5253: "<a href="#parsing-main-inforeign" title="insertion mode: in foreign content">in foreign
5254: content</a>", let the <a href="#secondary-insertion-mode">secondary insertion mode</a> be
5255: the current <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a>, and then switch the
5256: <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-inforeign" title="insertion mode: in
5257: foreign content">in foreign content</a>".</p>
5258:
5259: </dd>
5260:
5261: <dt>A start <!--or end--> tag whose tag name is one of: "caption",
5262: "col", "colgroup", "frame", "head", "tbody", "td", "tfoot", "th",
5263: "thead", "tr"</dt>
5264: <!--<dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "area", "base",
5265: "basefont", "bgsound", "command", "embed", "hr", "iframe", "image",
5266: "img", "input", "isindex", "keygen", "link", "meta", "noembed",
5267: "noframes", "param", "script", "select", "source", "spacer",
5268: "style", "table", "textarea", "title", "wbr"</dt>-->
5269: <!--<dt>An end tag whose tag name is "noscript", if the
5270: <span>scripting flag</span> is enabled</dt>-->
5271: <dd>
5272: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
5273: <!-- end tags are commented out because since they can never end
5274: up on the stack anyway, the default end tag clause will
5275: automatically handle them. we don't want to have text in the spec
5276: that is just an optimisation, as that detracts from the spec
5277: itself -->
5278: </dd>
5279:
5280: <dt>Any other start tag</dt>
5281: <dd>
5282:
5283: <p><a href="#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements">Reconstruct the active formatting elements</a>, if
5284: any.</p>
5285:
5286: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
5287:
5288: <p class="note">This element will be a <a href="#phrasing">phrasing</a>
5289: element.</p>
5290:
5291: </dd>
5292:
5293: <dt>Any other end tag</dt>
5294: <dd>
5295:
5296: <p>Run the following steps:</p>
5297:
5298: <ol><li><p>Initialize <var title="">node</var> to be the <a href="#current-node">current
5299: node</a> (the bottommost node of the stack).</p></li>
5300:
5301: <li><p>If <var title="">node</var> has the same tag name as
5302: the end tag token, then:</p>
5303:
5304: <ol><li><p><a href="#generate-implied-end-tags">Generate implied end tags</a>.</p></li>
5305:
5306: <li><p>If the tag name of the end tag token does not match
5307: the tag name of the <a href="#current-node">current node</a>, this is a
5308: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>.</p></li>
5309:
5310: <li><p>Pop all the nodes from the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> up
5311: to <var title="">node</var>, including <var title="">node</var>, then stop these steps.</p></li>
5312:
5313: </ol></li>
5314:
5315: <li><p>Otherwise, if <var title="">node</var> is in neither the
5316: <a href="#formatting">formatting</a> category nor the <a href="#phrasing">phrasing</a>
5317: category, then this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>; ignore the
5318: token, and abort these steps.</p></li>
5319:
5320: <li><p>Set <var title="">node</var> to the previous entry in the
5321: <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a>.</p></li>
5322:
5323: <li><p>Return to step 2.</p></li>
5324:
5325: </ol></dd>
5326:
5327: </dl><h5 id="parsing-main-incdata"><span class="secno">9.2.5.11 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: in CDATA/RCDATA">in CDATA/RCDATA</dfn>" insertion mode</h5>
5328:
5329: <p>When the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#parsing-main-incdata" title="insertion
5330: mode: in CDATA/RCDATA">in CDATA/RCDATA</a>", tokens must be
5331: handled as follows:</p>
5332:
5333: <dl class="switch"><dt>A character token</dt>
5334: <dd>
5335:
5336: <p><a href="#insert-a-character" title="insert a character">Insert the token's
5337: character</a> into the <a href="#current-node">current node</a>.</p>
5338:
5339: </dd>
5340:
5341: <dt>An end-of-file token</dt>
5342: <dd>
5343:
5344: <!-- can't be the fragment case -->
5345: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>.</p>
5346:
5347: <p>If the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is a <code><a href="semantics.html#script">script</a></code>
5348: element, mark the <code><a href="semantics.html#script">script</a></code> element as <a href="semantics.html#already-executed">"already
5349: executed"</a>.</p>
5350:
5351: <p>Pop the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> off the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
5352: elements</a>.</p>
5353:
5354: <p>Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to the <a href="#original-insertion-mode">original
5355: insertion mode</a> and reprocess the current token.</p>
5356:
5357: </dd>
5358:
5359: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "script"</dt>
5360: <dd>
5361:
5362: <p>Let <var title="">script</var> be the <a href="#current-node">current node</a>
5363: (which will be a <code><a href="semantics.html#script">script</a></code> element).</p>
5364:
5365: <p>Pop the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> off the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
5366: elements</a>.</p>
5367:
5368: <p>Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to the <a href="#original-insertion-mode">original
5369: insertion mode</a>.</p>
5370:
5371: <p>Let the <var title="">old insertion point</var> have the
5372: same value as the current <a href="#insertion-point">insertion point</a>. Let
5373: the <a href="#insertion-point">insertion point</a> be just before the <a href="#next-input-character">next
5374: input character</a>.</p>
5375:
5376: <p>Increment the parser's <a href="#script-nesting-level">script nesting level</a> by
5377: one.</p>
5378:
5379: <p><a href="semantics.html#running-a-script" title="running a script">Run</a> the <var title="">script</var>. This might cause some script to execute,
5380: which might cause <a href="dom.html#dom-document-write" title="dom-document-write">new characters
5381: to be inserted into the tokenizer</a>, and might cause the
5382: tokenizer to output more tokens, resulting in a <a href="#nestedParsing">reentrant invocation of the parser</a>.</p>
5383:
5384: <p>Decrement the parser's <a href="#script-nesting-level">script nesting level</a> by
5385: one. If the parser's <a href="#script-nesting-level">script nesting level</a> is zero,
5386: then set the <a href="#parser-pause-flag">parser pause flag</a> to false.</p>
5387:
5388: <p>Let the <a href="#insertion-point">insertion point</a> have the value of the <var title="">old insertion point</var>. (In other words, restore the
5389: <a href="#insertion-point">insertion point</a> to its previous value. This value
5390: might be the "undefined" value.)</p>
5391:
5392: <p id="scriptTagParserResumes">At this stage, if there is a
5393: <a href="semantics.html#pending-external-script">pending external script</a>, then:</p>
5394:
5395: <dl class="switch"><dt>If the <a href="#script-nesting-level">script nesting level</a> is not zero:</dt>
5396:
5397: <dd>
5398:
5399: <p>Set the <a href="#parser-pause-flag">parser pause flag</a> to true, and abort the
5400: processing of any nested invocations of the tokenizer, yielding
5401: control back to the caller. (Tokenization will resume when the
5402: caller returns to the "outer" tree construction stage.)</p>
5403:
5404: <p class="note">The tree construction stage of this particular
5405: parser is <a href="#nestedParsing">being called reentrantly</a>,
5406: say from a call to <code title="dom-document-write"><a href="dom.html#dom-document-write">document.write()</a></code>.</p>
5407:
5408: </dd>
5409:
5410:
5411: <dt>Otherwise:</dt>
5412:
5413: <dd>
5414:
5415: <p>Follow these steps:</p>
5416:
5417: <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">the script</var> be the <a href="semantics.html#pending-external-script">pending
5418: external script</a>. There is no longer a <a href="semantics.html#pending-external-script">pending
5419: external script</a>.</p></li>
5420:
5421: <li><p><a href="browsers.html#pause">Pause</a> until the script has <a href="semantics.html#completed-loading">completed
5422: loading</a>.</p></li>
5423:
5424: <li><p>Let the <a href="#insertion-point">insertion point</a> be just before the
5425: <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>.</p></li>
5426:
5427: <li><p>Increment the parser's <a href="#script-nesting-level">script nesting level</a>
5428: by one (it should be zero before this step, so this sets it to
5429: one).</p></li>
5430:
5431: <li><p><a href="semantics.html#executing-a-script-block" title="executing a script block">Execute the
5432: script</a>.</p></li>
5433:
5434: <li><p>Decrement the parser's <a href="#script-nesting-level">script nesting level</a>
5435: by one. If the parser's <a href="#script-nesting-level">script nesting level</a> is
5436: zero (which it always should be at this point), then set the
5437: <a href="#parser-pause-flag">parser pause flag</a> to false.</p>
5438:
5439: </li><li><p>Let the <a href="#insertion-point">insertion point</a> be undefined
5440: again.</p></li>
5441:
5442: <li><p>If there is once again a <a href="semantics.html#pending-external-script">pending external
5443: script</a>, then repeat these steps from step 1.</p></li>
5444:
5445: </ol></dd>
5446:
5447: </dl></dd>
5448:
5449: <dt>Any other end tag</dt>
5450: <dd>
5451:
5452: <p>Pop the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> off the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
5453: elements</a>.</p>
5454:
5455: <p>Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to the <a href="#original-insertion-mode">original
5456: insertion mode</a>.</p>
5457:
5458: </dd>
5459:
5460: </dl><h5 id="parsing-main-intable"><span class="secno">9.2.5.12 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: in table">in table</dfn>" insertion mode</h5>
5461:
5462: <p>When the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#parsing-main-intable" title="insertion
5463: mode: in table">in table</a>", tokens must be handled as follows:</p>
5464:
5465: <dl class="switch"><dt>A character token</dt>
5466: <dd>
5467:
5468: <p>Let the <dfn id="pending-table-character-tokens"><var>pending table character tokens</var></dfn>
5469: be an empty list of tokens.</p>
5470:
5471: <p>Let the <a href="#original-insertion-mode">original insertion mode</a> be the current
5472: <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a>.</p>
5473:
5474: <p>Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-intabletext" title="insertion mode: in table text">in table text</a>" and
5475: reprocess the token.</p>
5476:
5477: </dd>
5478:
5479: <dt>A comment token</dt>
5480: <dd>
5481: <p>Append a <code>Comment</code> node to the <a href="#current-node">current
5482: node</a> with the <code title="">data</code> attribute set to
5483: the data given in the comment token.</p>
5484: </dd>
5485:
5486: <dt>A DOCTYPE token</dt>
5487: <dd>
5488: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
5489: </dd>
5490:
5491: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "caption"</dt>
5492: <dd>
5493:
5494: <p><a href="#clear-the-stack-back-to-a-table-context">Clear the stack back to a table context</a>. (See
5495: below.)</p>
5496:
5497: <p>Insert a marker at the end of the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active
5498: formatting elements</a>.</p>
5499:
5500: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token, then
5501: switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-incaption" title="insertion mode: in caption">in caption</a>".</p>
5502:
5503: </dd>
5504:
5505: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "colgroup"</dt>
5506: <dd>
5507:
5508: <p><a href="#clear-the-stack-back-to-a-table-context">Clear the stack back to a table context</a>. (See
5509: below.)</p>
5510:
5511: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token, then
5512: switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-incolgroup" title="insertion mode: in column group">in column
5513: group</a>".</p>
5514:
5515: </dd>
5516:
5517: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "col"</dt>
5518: <dd>
5519: <p>Act as if a start tag token with the tag name "colgroup"
5520: had been seen, then reprocess the current token.</p>
5521: </dd>
5522:
5523: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "tbody", "tfoot", "thead"</dt>
5524: <dd>
5525:
5526: <p><a href="#clear-the-stack-back-to-a-table-context">Clear the stack back to a table context</a>. (See
5527: below.)</p>
5528:
5529: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token, then
5530: switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-intbody" title="insertion mode: in table body">in table
5531: body</a>".</p>
5532:
5533: </dd>
5534:
5535: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "td", "th", "tr"</dt>
5536: <dd>
5537: <p>Act as if a start tag token with the tag name "tbody" had
5538: been seen, then reprocess the current token.</p>
5539: </dd>
5540:
5541: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "table"</dt>
5542: <dd>
5543:
5544: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Act as if an end tag token with
5545: the tag name "table" had been seen, then, if that token wasn't
5546: ignored, reprocess the current token.</p>
5547:
5548: <p class="note">The fake end tag token here can only be
5549: ignored in the <a href="#fragment-case">fragment case</a>.</p>
5550:
5551: </dd>
5552:
5553: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "table"</dt>
5554: <dd>
5555:
5556: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> does not <a href="#has-an-element-in-table-scope" title="has an element in table scope">have an element in table
5557: scope</a> with the same tag name as the token, this is a
5558: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>. Ignore the token. (<a href="#fragment-case">fragment
5559: case</a>)</p>
5560:
5561: <p>Otherwise:</p>
5562:
5563: <p>Pop elements from this stack until a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code>
5564: element has been popped from the stack.</p>
5565:
5566: <p><a href="#reset-the-insertion-mode-appropriately">Reset the insertion mode appropriately</a>.</p>
5567:
5568: </dd>
5569:
5570: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "body", "caption",
5571: "col", "colgroup", "html", "tbody", "td", "tfoot", "th",
5572: "thead", "tr"</dt>
5573: <dd>
5574: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
5575: </dd>
5576:
5577: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "style", "script"</dt>
5578: <dd>
5579:
5580: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-inhead" title="insertion mode: in head">in head</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
5581: mode</a>.</p>
5582:
5583: </dd>
5584:
5585: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "input"</dt>
5586: <dd>
5587:
5588: <p>If the token does not have an attribute with the name "type",
5589: or if it does, but that attribute's value is not an <a href="infrastructure.html#ascii-case-insensitive">ASCII
5590: case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">hidden</code>", then: act as described in the "anything
5591: else" entry below.</p>
5592:
5593: <p>Otherwise:</p>
5594:
5595: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>.</p>
5596:
5597: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
5598:
5599: <p>Pop that <code><a href="forms.html#the-input-element">input</a></code> element off the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of
5600: open elements</a>.</p>
5601:
5602: </dd>
5603:
5604: <dt>An end-of-file token</dt>
5605: <dd>
5606:
5607: <p>If the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is not the root
5608: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code> element, then this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse
5609: error</a>.</p>
5610:
5611: <p class="note">It can only be the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> in
5612: the <a href="#fragment-case">fragment case</a>.</p>
5613:
5614: <p><a href="#stop-parsing">Stop parsing</a>.</p>
5615:
5616: </dd>
5617:
5618: <dt>Anything else</dt>
5619: <dd>
5620:
5621: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the
5622: rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in
5623: body</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a>, except that if the
5624: <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code>,
5625: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tfoot-element">tfoot</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-thead-element">thead</a></code>, or
5626: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code> element, then, whenever a node would be inserted
5627: into the <a href="#current-node">current node</a>, it must instead be <a href="#foster-parent" title="foster parent">foster parented</a>.</p>
5628:
5629: </dd>
5630:
5631: </dl><p>When the steps above require the UA to <dfn id="clear-the-stack-back-to-a-table-context">clear the stack
5632: back to a table context</dfn>, it means that the UA must, while
5633: the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is not a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code>
5634: element or an <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code> element, pop elements from the
5635: <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a>.</p>
5636:
5637: <p class="note">The <a href="#current-node">current node</a> being an
5638: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code> element after this process is a <a href="#fragment-case">fragment
5639: case</a>.</p>
5640:
5641:
5642:
5643: <h5 id="parsing-main-intabletext"><span class="secno">9.2.5.13 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: in table text">in table text</dfn>" insertion mode</h5>
5644:
5645: <p>When the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#parsing-main-intabletext" title="insertion
5646: mode: in table text">in table text</a>", tokens must be handled
5647: as follows:</p>
5648:
5649: <dl class="switch"><dt>A character token</dt>
5650: <dd>
5651:
5652: <p>Append the character token to the <var><a href="#pending-table-character-tokens">pending table character
5653: tokens</a></var> list.</p>
5654:
5655: </dd>
5656:
5657:
5658: <dt>Anything else</dt>
5659: <dd>
5660:
5661: <p>If any of the tokens in the <var><a href="#pending-table-character-tokens">pending table character
5662: tokens</a></var> list are character tokens that are not one of U+0009
5663: CHARACTER TABULATION, U+000A LINE FEED (LF), U+000C FORM FEED
5664: (FF), <!--U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR),--> or U+0020 SPACE, then
5665: reprocess those character tokens using the rules given in the
5666: "anything else" entry in the <a href="#parsing-main-intable" title="insertion mode: in
5667: table">in table</a>" insertion mode.</p>
5668:
5669: <p>Otherwise, <a href="#insert-a-character" title="insert a character">insert the
5670: characters</a> given by the <var><a href="#pending-table-character-tokens">pending table character
5671: tokens</a></var> list into the <a href="#current-node">current node</a>.</p>
5672:
5673: <p>Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to the <a href="#original-insertion-mode">original
5674: insertion mode</a> and reprocess the token.</p>
5675:
5676: </dd>
5677:
5678: </dl><h5 id="parsing-main-incaption"><span class="secno">9.2.5.14 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: in caption">in caption</dfn>" insertion mode</h5>
5679:
5680: <p>When the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#parsing-main-incaption" title="insertion
5681: mode: in caption">in caption</a>", tokens must be handled as follows:</p>
5682:
5683: <dl class="switch"><dt>An end tag whose tag name is "caption"</dt>
5684: <dd>
5685:
5686: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> does not <a href="#has-an-element-in-table-scope" title="has an element in table scope">have an element in table
5687: scope</a> with the same tag name as the token, this is a
5688: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>. Ignore the token. (<a href="#fragment-case">fragment
5689: case</a>)</p>
5690:
5691: <p>Otherwise:</p>
5692:
5693: <p><a href="#generate-implied-end-tags">Generate implied end tags</a>.</p>
5694:
5695: <p>Now, if the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is not a
5696: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-caption-element">caption</a></code> element, then this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse
5697: error</a>.</p>
5698:
5699: <p>Pop elements from this stack until a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-caption-element">caption</a></code>
5700: element has been popped from the stack.</p>
5701:
5702: <p><a href="#clear-the-list-of-active-formatting-elements-up-to-the-last-marker">Clear the list of active formatting elements up to
5703: the last marker</a>.</p>
5704:
5705: <p>Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-intable" title="insertion mode: in table">in table</a>".</p>
5706:
5707: </dd>
5708:
5709: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "caption", "col",
5710: "colgroup", "tbody", "td", "tfoot", "th", "thead", "tr"</dt>
5711: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "table"</dt>
5712: <dd>
5713:
5714: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Act as if an end tag with the tag
5715: name "caption" had been seen, then, if that token wasn't
5716: ignored, reprocess the current token.</p>
5717:
5718: <p class="note">The fake end tag token here can only be
5719: ignored in the <a href="#fragment-case">fragment case</a>.</p>
5720:
5721: </dd>
5722:
5723: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "body", "col",
5724: "colgroup", "html", "tbody", "td", "tfoot", "th", "thead",
5725: "tr"</dt>
5726: <dd>
5727: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
5728: </dd>
5729:
5730: <dt>Anything else</dt>
5731: <dd>
5732: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
5733: mode</a>.</p>
5734: </dd>
5735:
5736: </dl><h5 id="parsing-main-incolgroup"><span class="secno">9.2.5.15 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: in column group">in column group</dfn>" insertion mode</h5>
5737:
5738: <p>When the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#parsing-main-incolgroup" title="insertion
5739: mode: in column group">in column group</a>", tokens must be handled as follows:</p>
5740:
5741: <dl class="switch"><dt>A character token that is one of U+0009 CHARACTER
5742: TABULATION, U+000A LINE FEED (LF), U+000C FORM FEED (FF),
5743: <!--U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR),--> or U+0020 SPACE</dt>
5744: <dd>
5745: <p><a href="#insert-a-character" title="insert a character">Insert the character</a> into
5746: the <a href="#current-node">current node</a>.</p>
5747: </dd>
5748:
5749: <dt>A comment token</dt>
5750: <dd>
5751: <p>Append a <code>Comment</code> node to the <a href="#current-node">current
5752: node</a> with the <code title="">data</code> attribute set to
5753: the data given in the comment token.</p>
5754: </dd>
5755:
5756: <dt>A DOCTYPE token</dt>
5757: <dd>
5758: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
5759: </dd>
5760:
5761: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "html"</dt>
5762: <dd>
5763: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
5764: mode</a>.</p>
5765: </dd>
5766:
5767: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "col"</dt>
5768: <dd>
5769:
5770: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token. Immediately
5771: pop the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> off the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
5772: elements</a>.</p>
5773:
5774: <p><a href="#acknowledge-self-closing-flag" title="acknowledge self-closing flag">Acknowledge the
5775: token's <i>self-closing flag</i></a>, if it is set.</p>
5776:
5777: </dd>
5778:
5779: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "colgroup"</dt>
5780: <dd>
5781:
5782: <p>If the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is the root
5783: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code> element, then this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse
5784: error</a>; ignore the token. (<a href="#fragment-case">fragment
5785: case</a>)</p>
5786:
5787: <p>Otherwise, pop the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> (which will be
5788: a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-colgroup-element">colgroup</a></code> element) from the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
5789: elements</a>. Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to
5790: "<a href="#parsing-main-intable" title="insertion mode: in table">in table</a>".</p>
5791:
5792: </dd>
5793:
5794: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "col"</dt>
5795: <dd>
5796: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
5797: </dd>
5798:
5799: <dt>An end-of-file token</dt>
5800: <dd>
5801:
5802: <p>If the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is the root <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code>
5803: element, then <a href="#stop-parsing">stop parsing</a>. (<a href="#fragment-case">fragment
5804: case</a>)</p>
5805:
5806: <p>Otherwise, act as described in the "anything else" entry
5807: below.</p>
5808:
5809: </dd>
5810:
5811: <dt>Anything else</dt>
5812: <dd>
5813:
5814: <p>Act as if an end tag with the tag name "colgroup" had been
5815: seen, and then, if that token wasn't ignored, reprocess the
5816: current token.</p>
5817:
5818: <p class="note">The fake end tag token here can only be
5819: ignored in the <a href="#fragment-case">fragment case</a>.</p>
5820:
5821: </dd>
5822:
5823: </dl><h5 id="parsing-main-intbody"><span class="secno">9.2.5.16 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: in table body">in table body</dfn>" insertion mode</h5>
5824:
5825: <p>When the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#parsing-main-intbody" title="insertion
5826: mode: in table body">in table body</a>", tokens must be handled as follows:</p>
5827:
5828: <dl class="switch"><dt>A start tag whose tag name is "tr"</dt>
5829: <dd>
5830:
5831: <p><a href="#clear-the-stack-back-to-a-table-body-context">Clear the stack back to a table body
5832: context</a>. (See below.)</p>
5833:
5834: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token, then switch
5835: the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-intr" title="insertion mode:
5836: in row">in row</a>".</p>
5837:
5838: </dd>
5839:
5840: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "th", "td"</dt>
5841: <dd>
5842: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Act as if a start tag with
5843: the tag name "tr" had been seen, then reprocess the current
5844: token.</p>
5845: </dd>
5846:
5847: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "tbody", "tfoot",
5848: "thead"</dt>
5849: <dd>
5850:
5851: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> does not <a href="#has-an-element-in-table-scope" title="has an element in table scope">have an element in table
5852: scope</a> with the same tag name as the token, this is a
5853: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
5854:
5855: <p>Otherwise:</p>
5856:
5857: <p><a href="#clear-the-stack-back-to-a-table-body-context">Clear the stack back to a table body
5858: context</a>. (See below.)</p>
5859:
5860: <p>Pop the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> from the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of
5861: open elements</a>. Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a>
5862: to "<a href="#parsing-main-intable" title="insertion mode: in table">in table</a>".</p>
5863:
5864: </dd>
5865:
5866: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "caption", "col",
5867: "colgroup", "tbody", "tfoot", "thead"</dt>
5868: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "table"</dt>
5869: <dd>
5870:
5871: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> does not <a href="#has-an-element-in-table-scope" title="has an element in table scope">have a
5872: <code>tbody</code>, <code>thead</code>, or <code>tfoot</code>
5873: element in table scope</a>, this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse
5874: error</a>. Ignore the token. (<a href="#fragment-case">fragment
5875: case</a>)</p>
5876:
5877: <p>Otherwise:</p>
5878:
5879: <p><a href="#clear-the-stack-back-to-a-table-body-context">Clear the stack back to a table body
5880: context</a>. (See below.)</p>
5881:
5882: <p>Act as if an end tag with the same tag name as the
5883: <a href="#current-node">current node</a> ("tbody", "tfoot", or "thead") had
5884: been seen, then reprocess the current token.</p>
5885:
5886: </dd>
5887:
5888: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "body", "caption",
5889: "col", "colgroup", "html", "td", "th", "tr"</dt>
5890: <dd>
5891: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
5892: </dd>
5893:
5894: <dt>Anything else</dt>
5895: <dd>
5896: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-intable" title="insertion mode: in table">in table</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
5897: mode</a>.</p>
5898: </dd>
5899:
5900: </dl><p>When the steps above require the UA to <dfn id="clear-the-stack-back-to-a-table-body-context">clear the stack
5901: back to a table body context</dfn>, it means that the UA must,
5902: while the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is not a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code>,
5903: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tfoot-element">tfoot</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-thead-element">thead</a></code>, or <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code>
5904: element, pop elements from the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
5905: elements</a>.</p>
5906:
5907: <p class="note">The <a href="#current-node">current node</a> being an
5908: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code> element after this process is a <a href="#fragment-case">fragment
5909: case</a>.</p>
5910:
5911:
5912: <h5 id="parsing-main-intr"><span class="secno">9.2.5.17 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: in row">in row</dfn>" insertion mode</h5>
5913:
5914: <p>When the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#parsing-main-intr" title="insertion
5915: mode: in row">in row</a>", tokens must be handled as follows:</p>
5916:
5917: <dl class="switch"><dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "th", "td"</dt>
5918: <dd>
5919:
5920: <p><a href="#clear-the-stack-back-to-a-table-row-context">Clear the stack back to a table row
5921: context</a>. (See below.)</p>
5922:
5923: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token, then switch
5924: the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-intd" title="insertion mode:
5925: in cell">in cell</a>".</p>
5926:
5927: <p>Insert a marker at the end of the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active
5928: formatting elements</a>.</p>
5929:
5930: </dd>
5931:
5932: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "tr"</dt>
5933: <dd>
5934:
5935: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> does not <a href="#has-an-element-in-table-scope" title="has an element in table scope">have an element in table
5936: scope</a> with the same tag name as the token, this is a
5937: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>. Ignore the token. (<a href="#fragment-case">fragment
5938: case</a>)</p>
5939:
5940: <p>Otherwise:</p>
5941:
5942: <p><a href="#clear-the-stack-back-to-a-table-row-context">Clear the stack back to a table row
5943: context</a>. (See below.)</p>
5944:
5945: <p>Pop the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> (which will be a
5946: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code> element) from the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
5947: elements</a>. Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to
5948: "<a href="#parsing-main-intbody" title="insertion mode: in table body">in table
5949: body</a>".</p>
5950:
5951: </dd>
5952:
5953: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "caption", "col",
5954: "colgroup", "tbody", "tfoot", "thead", "tr"</dt>
5955: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "table"</dt>
5956: <dd>
5957:
5958: <p>Act as if an end tag with the tag name "tr" had been seen,
5959: then, if that token wasn't ignored, reprocess the current
5960: token.</p>
5961:
5962: <p class="note">The fake end tag token here can only be
5963: ignored in the <a href="#fragment-case">fragment case</a>.</p>
5964:
5965: </dd>
5966:
5967: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "tbody", "tfoot",
5968: "thead"</dt>
5969: <dd>
5970:
5971: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> does not <a href="#has-an-element-in-table-scope" title="has an element in table scope">have an element in table
5972: scope</a> with the same tag name as the token, this is a
5973: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
5974:
5975: <p>Otherwise, act as if an end tag with the tag name "tr" had
5976: been seen, then reprocess the current token.</p>
5977:
5978: </dd>
5979:
5980: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "body", "caption",
5981: "col", "colgroup", "html", "td", "th"</dt>
5982: <dd>
5983: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
5984: </dd>
5985:
5986: <dt>Anything else</dt>
5987: <dd>
5988: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-intable" title="insertion mode: in table">in table</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
5989: mode</a>.</p>
5990: </dd>
5991:
5992: </dl><p>When the steps above require the UA to <dfn id="clear-the-stack-back-to-a-table-row-context">clear the stack
5993: back to a table row context</dfn>, it means that the UA must,
5994: while the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is not a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code>
5995: element or an <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code> element, pop elements from the
5996: <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a>.</p>
5997:
5998: <p class="note">The <a href="#current-node">current node</a> being an
5999: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code> element after this process is a <a href="#fragment-case">fragment
6000: case</a>.</p>
6001:
6002:
6003: <h5 id="parsing-main-intd"><span class="secno">9.2.5.18 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: in cell">in cell</dfn>" insertion mode</h5>
6004:
6005: <p>When the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#parsing-main-intd" title="insertion
6006: mode: in cell">in cell</a>", tokens must be handled as follows:</p>
6007:
6008: <dl class="switch"><dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "td", "th"</dt>
6009: <dd>
6010:
6011: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> does not <a href="#has-an-element-in-table-scope" title="has an element in table scope">have an element in table
6012: scope</a> with the same tag name as that of the token, then
6013: this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a> and the token must be
6014: ignored.</p>
6015:
6016: <p>Otherwise:</p>
6017:
6018: <p><a href="#generate-implied-end-tags">Generate implied end tags</a>.</p>
6019:
6020: <p>Now, if the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is not an element
6021: with the same tag name as the token, then this is a
6022: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>.</p>
6023:
6024: <p>Pop elements from this stack until an element with the same
6025: tag name as the token has been popped from the stack.</p>
6026:
6027: <p><a href="#clear-the-list-of-active-formatting-elements-up-to-the-last-marker">Clear the list of active formatting elements up to
6028: the last marker</a>.</p>
6029:
6030: <p>Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-intr" title="insertion mode: in row">in row</a>". (The
6031: <a href="#current-node">current node</a> will be a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code> element at
6032: this point.)</p>
6033:
6034: </dd>
6035:
6036: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "caption", "col",
6037: "colgroup", "tbody", "td", "tfoot", "th", "thead", "tr"</dt>
6038: <dd>
6039:
6040: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> does
6041: <em>not</em> <a href="#has-an-element-in-table-scope" title="has an element in table scope">have
6042: a <code>td</code> or <code>th</code> element in table
6043: scope</a>, then this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>; ignore
6044: the token. (<a href="#fragment-case">fragment case</a>)</p>
6045:
6046: <p>Otherwise, <a href="#close-the-cell">close the cell</a> (see below) and
6047: reprocess the current token.</p>
6048:
6049: </dd>
6050:
6051: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "body", "caption",
6052: "col", "colgroup", "html"</dt>
6053: <dd>
6054: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
6055: </dd>
6056:
6057: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "table", "tbody",
6058: "tfoot", "thead", "tr"</dt>
6059: <dd>
6060:
6061: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> does not <a href="#has-an-element-in-table-scope" title="has an element in table scope">have an element in table
6062: scope</a> with the same tag name as that of the token
6063: (which can only happen for "tbody", "tfoot" and "thead", or,
6064: in the <a href="#fragment-case">fragment case</a>), then this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse
6065: error</a> and the token must be ignored.</p>
6066:
6067: <p>Otherwise, <a href="#close-the-cell">close the cell</a> (see below) and
6068: reprocess the current token.</p>
6069:
6070: </dd>
6071:
6072: <dt>Anything else</dt>
6073: <dd>
6074: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
6075: mode</a>.</p>
6076: </dd>
6077:
6078: </dl><p>Where the steps above say to <dfn id="close-the-cell">close the cell</dfn>, they
6079: mean to run the following algorithm:</p>
6080:
6081: <ol><li><p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> <a href="#has-an-element-in-table-scope" title="has an element in table scope">has a <code>td</code>
6082: element in table scope</a>, then act as if an end tag token
6083: with the tag name "td" had been seen.</p></li>
6084:
6085: <li><p>Otherwise, the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> will
6086: <a href="#has-an-element-in-table-scope" title="has an element in table scope">have a
6087: <code>th</code> element in table scope</a>; act as if an end
6088: tag token with the tag name "th" had been seen.</p></li>
6089:
6090: </ol><p class="note">The <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> cannot
6091: have both a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-td-element">td</a></code> and a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-th-element">th</a></code> element <a href="#has-an-element-in-table-scope" title="has an element in table scope">in table scope</a> at
6092: the same time, nor can it have neither when the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
6093: mode</a> is "<a href="#parsing-main-intd" title="insertion mode: in cell">in
6094: cell</a>".</p>
6095:
6096:
6097: <h5 id="parsing-main-inselect"><span class="secno">9.2.5.19 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: in select">in select</dfn>" insertion mode</h5>
6098:
6099: <p>When the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#parsing-main-inselect" title="insertion
6100: mode: in select">in select</a>", tokens must be handled as follows:</p>
6101:
6102: <dl class="switch"><dt>A character token</dt>
6103: <dd>
6104: <p><a href="#insert-a-character" title="insert a character">Insert the token's
6105: character</a> into the <a href="#current-node">current node</a>.</p>
6106: </dd>
6107:
6108: <dt>A comment token</dt>
6109: <dd>
6110: <p>Append a <code>Comment</code> node to the <a href="#current-node">current
6111: node</a> with the <code title="">data</code> attribute set to
6112: the data given in the comment token.</p>
6113: </dd>
6114:
6115: <dt>A DOCTYPE token</dt>
6116: <dd>
6117: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
6118: </dd>
6119:
6120: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "html"</dt>
6121: <dd>
6122: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
6123: mode</a>.</p>
6124: </dd>
6125:
6126: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "option"</dt>
6127: <dd>
6128:
6129: <p>If the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is an <code><a href="forms.html#the-option-element">option</a></code>
6130: element, act as if an end tag with the tag name "option" had
6131: been seen.</p>
6132:
6133: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
6134:
6135: </dd>
6136:
6137: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "optgroup"</dt>
6138: <dd>
6139:
6140: <p>If the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is an <code><a href="forms.html#the-option-element">option</a></code>
6141: element, act as if an end tag with the tag name "option" had
6142: been seen.</p>
6143:
6144: <p>If the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is an
6145: <code><a href="forms.html#the-optgroup-element">optgroup</a></code> element, act as if an end tag with the
6146: tag name "optgroup" had been seen.</p>
6147:
6148: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
6149:
6150: </dd>
6151:
6152: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "optgroup"</dt>
6153: <dd>
6154:
6155: <p>First, if the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is an
6156: <code><a href="forms.html#the-option-element">option</a></code> element, and the node immediately before
6157: it in the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> is an
6158: <code><a href="forms.html#the-optgroup-element">optgroup</a></code> element, then act as if an end tag with
6159: the tag name "option" had been seen.</p>
6160:
6161: <p>If the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is an
6162: <code><a href="forms.html#the-optgroup-element">optgroup</a></code> element, then pop that node from the
6163: <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a>. Otherwise, this is a
6164: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>; ignore the token.</p>
6165:
6166: </dd>
6167:
6168: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "option"</dt>
6169: <dd>
6170:
6171: <p>If the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is an <code><a href="forms.html#the-option-element">option</a></code>
6172: element, then pop that node from the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
6173: elements</a>. Otherwise, this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse
6174: error</a>; ignore the token.</p>
6175:
6176: </dd>
6177:
6178: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "select"</dt>
6179: <dd>
6180:
6181: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> does not <a href="#has-an-element-in-table-scope" title="has an element in table scope">have an element in table
6182: scope</a> with the same tag name as the token, this is a
6183: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>. Ignore the token. (<a href="#fragment-case">fragment
6184: case</a>)</p>
6185:
6186: <p>Otherwise:</p>
6187:
6188: <p>Pop elements from the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a>
6189: until a <code><a href="forms.html#the-select-element">select</a></code> element has been popped from the
6190: stack.</p>
6191:
6192: <p><a href="#reset-the-insertion-mode-appropriately">Reset the insertion mode appropriately</a>.</p>
6193:
6194: </dd>
6195:
6196: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "select"</dt>
6197: <dd>
6198:
6199: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Act as if the token had been
6200: an end tag with the tag name "select" instead.</p>
6201:
6202: </dd>
6203:
6204: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "input", "keygen", "textarea"</dt>
6205: <dd>
1.73 mike 6206:
6207: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>.</p>
6208:
6209: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> does not <a href="#has-an-element-in-table-scope" title="has an element in table scope">have an element in table
6210: scope</a> with the same tag name as the token, ignore the
6211: token. (<a href="#fragment-case">fragment case</a>)</p>
6212:
6213: <p>Otherwise, act as if an end tag with the tag name "select" had
6214: been seen, and reprocess the token.</p>
6215:
1.1 mike 6216: </dd>
6217:
6218: <dt>A start tag token whose tag name is "script"</dt>
6219: <dd>
6220: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-inhead" title="insertion mode: in head">in head</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
6221: mode</a>.</p>
6222: </dd>
6223:
6224: <dt>An end-of-file token</dt>
6225: <dd>
6226:
6227: <p>If the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is not the root
6228: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code> element, then this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse
6229: error</a>.</p>
6230:
6231: <p class="note">It can only be the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> in
6232: the <a href="#fragment-case">fragment case</a>.</p>
6233:
6234: <p><a href="#stop-parsing">Stop parsing</a>.</p>
6235:
6236: </dd>
6237:
6238: <dt>Anything else</dt>
6239: <dd>
6240: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
6241: </dd>
6242:
6243: </dl><h5 id="parsing-main-inselectintable"><span class="secno">9.2.5.20 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: in select in table">in select in table</dfn>" insertion mode</h5>
6244:
6245: <p>When the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#parsing-main-inselectintable" title="insertion
6246: mode: in select in table">in select in table</a>", tokens must be handled as follows:</p>
6247:
6248: <dl class="switch"><dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "caption", "table",
6249: "tbody", "tfoot", "thead", "tr", "td", "th"</dt>
6250: <dd>
6251: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Act as if an end tag with the tag
6252: name "select" had been seen, and reprocess the token.</p>
6253: </dd>
6254:
6255: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "caption", "table",
6256: "tbody", "tfoot", "thead", "tr", "td", "th"</dt>
6257: <dd>
6258:
6259: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>.</p>
6260:
6261: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> <a href="#has-an-element-in-table-scope">has an
6262: element in table scope</a> with the same tag name as that
6263: of the token, then act as if an end tag with the tag name
6264: "select" had been seen, and reprocess the token. Otherwise,
6265: ignore the token.</p>
6266:
6267: </dd>
6268:
6269: <dt>Anything else</dt>
6270: <dd>
6271: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-inselect" title="insertion mode: in select">in select</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
6272: mode</a>.</p>
6273: </dd>
6274:
6275: </dl><h5 id="parsing-main-inforeign"><span class="secno">9.2.5.21 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: in foreign content">in foreign content</dfn>" insertion mode</h5>
6276:
6277: <p>When the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#parsing-main-inforeign" title="insertion
6278: mode: in foreign content">in foreign content</a>", tokens must be
6279: handled as follows:</p>
6280:
6281: <dl class="switch"><dt>A character token</dt>
6282: <dd>
6283:
6284: <p><a href="#insert-a-character" title="insert a character">Insert the token's
6285: character</a> into the <a href="#current-node">current node</a>.</p>
6286:
6287: <p>If the token is not one of U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION, U+000A
6288: LINE FEED (LF), U+000C FORM FEED (FF), <!--U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN
6289: (CR),--> or U+0020 SPACE, then set the <a href="#frameset-ok-flag">frameset-ok
6290: flag</a> to "not ok".</p>
6291:
6292: </dd>
6293:
6294: <dt>A comment token</dt>
6295: <dd>
6296: <p>Append a <code>Comment</code> node to the <a href="#current-node">current
6297: node</a> with the <code title="">data</code> attribute set to
6298: the data given in the comment token.</p>
6299: </dd>
6300:
6301: <dt>A DOCTYPE token</dt>
6302: <dd>
6303: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
6304: </dd>
6305:
6306: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "script", if the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is a <code title="">script</code> element in the <a href="#svg-namespace">SVG namespace</a>.</dt>
6307: <dd>
6308:
6309: <p>Pop the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> off the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
6310: elements</a>.</p>
6311:
6312: <p>Let the <var title="">old insertion point</var> have the
6313: same value as the current <a href="#insertion-point">insertion point</a>. Let
6314: the <a href="#insertion-point">insertion point</a> be just before the <a href="#next-input-character">next
6315: input character</a>.</p>
6316:
6317: <p>Increment the parser's <a href="#script-nesting-level">script nesting level</a> by
6318: one. Set the <a href="#parser-pause-flag">parser pause flag</a> to true.</p>
6319:
6320: <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVGMobile12/script.html#ScriptContentProcessing">Process
6321: the <code title="">script</code> element</a> according to the SVG
6322: rules. <a href="references.html#references">[SVG]</a></p>
6323:
6324: <p class="note">Even if this causes <a href="dom.html#dom-document-write" title="dom-document-write">new characters to be inserted into the
6325: tokenizer</a>, the parser will not be executed reentrantly,
6326: since the <a href="#parser-pause-flag">parser pause flag</a> is true.</p>
6327:
6328: <p>Decrement the parser's <a href="#script-nesting-level">script nesting level</a> by
6329: one. If the parser's <a href="#script-nesting-level">script nesting level</a> is zero,
6330: then set the <a href="#parser-pause-flag">parser pause flag</a> to false.</p>
6331:
6332: <p>Let the <a href="#insertion-point">insertion point</a> have the value of the <var title="">old insertion point</var>. (In other words, restore the
6333: <a href="#insertion-point">insertion point</a> to its previous value. This value
6334: might be the "undefined" value.)</p>
6335:
6336: </dd>
6337:
6338: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is neither "mglyph" nor "malignmark", if the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is an <code title="">mi</code> element in the <a href="#mathml-namespace">MathML namespace</a>.</dt>
6339: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is neither "mglyph" nor "malignmark", if the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is an <code title="">mo</code> element in the <a href="#mathml-namespace">MathML namespace</a>.</dt>
6340: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is neither "mglyph" nor "malignmark", if the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is an <code title="">mn</code> element in the <a href="#mathml-namespace">MathML namespace</a>.</dt>
6341: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is neither "mglyph" nor "malignmark", if the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is an <code title="">ms</code> element in the <a href="#mathml-namespace">MathML namespace</a>.</dt>
6342: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is neither "mglyph" nor "malignmark", if the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is an <code title="">mtext</code> element in the <a href="#mathml-namespace">MathML namespace</a>.</dt>
6343: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "svg", if the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is an <code title="">annotation-xml</code> element in the <a href="#mathml-namespace">MathML namespace</a>.</dt>
6344: <dt>A start tag, if the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is a <code title="">foreignObject</code> element in the <a href="#svg-namespace">SVG namespace</a>.</dt>
6345: <dt>A start tag, if the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is a <code title="">desc</code> element in the <a href="#svg-namespace">SVG namespace</a>.</dt>
6346: <dt>A start tag, if the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is a <code title="">title</code> element in the <a href="#svg-namespace">SVG namespace</a>.</dt>
6347: <dt>A start tag, if the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is an element in the <a href="#html-namespace-0">HTML namespace</a>.</dt>
6348: <dt>An end tag</dt>
6349: <dd>
6350:
6351: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the
6352: <a href="#secondary-insertion-mode">secondary insertion mode</a>.</p>
6353:
6354: <p>If, after doing so, the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is still
6355: "<a href="#parsing-main-inforeign" title="insertion mode: in foreign content">in foreign
6356: content</a>", but there is no element in scope that has a
6357: namespace other than the <a href="#html-namespace-0">HTML namespace</a><!-- XXX this
6358: isn't well-defined; it means check to see if the bottom-most HTML
6359: element on the stack is in scope -->, switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
6360: mode</a> to the <a href="#secondary-insertion-mode">secondary insertion mode</a>.</p>
6361:
6362: </dd>
6363:
6364: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: <!--"a",--> "b", "big",
6365: "blockquote", "body"<!--by inspection-->, "br", "center", "code",
6366: "dd", "div", "dl", "dt"<!-- so that dd and dt can be handled
6367: uniformly throughout the parser -->, "em", "embed", "h1", "h2",
6368: "h3", "h4"<!--for completeness-->, "h5", "h6"<!--for
6369: completeness-->, "head"<!--by inspection-->, "hr", "i", "img",
6370: "li", "listing"<!-- so that pre and listing can be handled
6371: uniformly throughout the parser -->, "menu", "meta", "nobr",
6372: "ol"<!-- so that dl, ul, and ol can be handled uniformly throughout
6373: the parser -->, "p", "pre", "ruby", "s", <!--"script",--> "small",
6374: "span", "strong", "strike"<!-- so that s and strike can be handled
6375: uniformly throughout the parser -->, <!--"style",--> "sub", "sup",
6376: "table"<!--by inspection-->, "tt", "u", "ul", "var"</dt>
6377: <!-- this list was determined empirically by studying over
6378: 6,000,000,000 pages that were specifically not XML pages -->
6379: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "font", if the token has
6380: any attributes named "color", "face", or "size"</dt>
6381: <!-- the attributes here are required so that SVG <font> will go
6382: through as SVG but legacy <font>s won't -->
6383: <dt>An end-of-file token</dt>
6384: <dd>
6385:
6386: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>.</p>
6387:
6388: <p>Pop elements from the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> until
6389: the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is in the <a href="#html-namespace-0">HTML
6390: namespace</a>.</p>
6391:
6392: <p>Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to the <a href="#secondary-insertion-mode">secondary
6393: insertion mode</a>, and reprocess the token.</p>
6394:
6395: </dd>
6396:
6397: <dt>Any other start tag</dt>
6398: <dd>
6399:
6400: <p>If the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is an element in the
6401: <a href="#mathml-namespace">MathML namespace</a>, <a href="#adjust-mathml-attributes">adjust MathML
6402: attributes</a> for the token. (This fixes the case of MathML
6403: attributes that are not all lowercase.)</p>
6404:
6405: <p>If the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is an element in the <a href="#svg-namespace">SVG
6406: namespace</a>, and the token's tag name is one of the ones in
6407: the first column of the following table, change the tag name to
6408: the name given in the corresponding cell in the second
6409: column. (This fixes the case of SVG elements that are not all
6410: lowercase.)</p>
6411:
6412: <table><thead><tr><th> Tag name </th><th> Element name
6413: </th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td> <code title="">altglyph</code> </td><td> <code title="">altGlyph</code>
6414: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">altglyphdef</code> </td><td> <code title="">altGlyphDef</code>
6415: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">altglyphitem</code> </td><td> <code title="">altGlyphItem</code>
6416: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">animatecolor</code> </td><td> <code title="">animateColor</code>
6417: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">animatemotion</code> </td><td> <code title="">animateMotion</code>
6418: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">animatetransform</code> </td><td> <code title="">animateTransform</code>
6419: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">clippath</code> </td><td> <code title="">clipPath</code>
6420: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">feblend</code> </td><td> <code title="">feBlend</code>
6421: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">fecolormatrix</code> </td><td> <code title="">feColorMatrix</code>
6422: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">fecomponenttransfer</code> </td><td> <code title="">feComponentTransfer</code>
6423: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">fecomposite</code> </td><td> <code title="">feComposite</code>
6424: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">feconvolvematrix</code> </td><td> <code title="">feConvolveMatrix</code>
6425: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">fediffuselighting</code> </td><td> <code title="">feDiffuseLighting</code>
6426: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">fedisplacementmap</code> </td><td> <code title="">feDisplacementMap</code>
6427: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">fedistantlight</code> </td><td> <code title="">feDistantLight</code>
6428: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">feflood</code> </td><td> <code title="">feFlood</code>
6429: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">fefunca</code> </td><td> <code title="">feFuncA</code>
6430: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">fefuncb</code> </td><td> <code title="">feFuncB</code>
6431: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">fefuncg</code> </td><td> <code title="">feFuncG</code>
6432: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">fefuncr</code> </td><td> <code title="">feFuncR</code>
6433: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">fegaussianblur</code> </td><td> <code title="">feGaussianBlur</code>
6434: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">feimage</code> </td><td> <code title="">feImage</code>
6435: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">femerge</code> </td><td> <code title="">feMerge</code>
6436: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">femergenode</code> </td><td> <code title="">feMergeNode</code>
6437: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">femorphology</code> </td><td> <code title="">feMorphology</code>
6438: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">feoffset</code> </td><td> <code title="">feOffset</code>
6439: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">fepointlight</code> </td><td> <code title="">fePointLight</code>
6440: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">fespecularlighting</code> </td><td> <code title="">feSpecularLighting</code>
6441: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">fespotlight</code> </td><td> <code title="">feSpotLight</code>
6442: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">fetile</code> </td><td> <code title="">feTile</code>
6443: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">feturbulence</code> </td><td> <code title="">feTurbulence</code>
6444: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">foreignobject</code> </td><td> <code title="">foreignObject</code>
6445: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">glyphref</code> </td><td> <code title="">glyphRef</code>
6446: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">lineargradient</code> </td><td> <code title="">linearGradient</code>
6447: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">radialgradient</code> </td><td> <code title="">radialGradient</code>
6448: <!--<tr> <td> <code title="">solidcolor</code> <td> <code title="">solidColor</code> (SVG 1.2)-->
6449: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">textpath</code> </td><td> <code title="">textPath</code>
6450: </td></tr></tbody></table><p>If the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is an element in the <a href="#svg-namespace">SVG
6451: namespace</a>, <a href="#adjust-svg-attributes">adjust SVG attributes</a> for the
6452: token. (This fixes the case of SVG attributes that are not all
6453: lowercase.)</p>
6454:
6455: <p><a href="#adjust-foreign-attributes">Adjust foreign attributes</a> for the token. (This
6456: fixes the use of namespaced attributes, in particular XLink in
6457: SVG.)</p>
6458:
6459: <p><a href="#insert-a-foreign-element">Insert a foreign element</a> for the token, in the
6460: same namespace as the <a href="#current-node">current node</a>.</p>
6461:
6462: <p>If the token has its <i>self-closing flag</i> set, pop the
6463: <a href="#current-node">current node</a> off the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
6464: elements</a> and <a href="#acknowledge-self-closing-flag" title="acknowledge self-closing
6465: flag">acknowledge the token's <i>self-closing flag</i></a>.</p>
6466:
6467: </dd>
6468:
6469: </dl><h5 id="parsing-main-afterbody"><span class="secno">9.2.5.22 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: after body">after body</dfn>" insertion mode</h5>
6470:
6471: <p>When the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#parsing-main-afterbody" title="insertion
6472: mode: after body">after body</a>", tokens must be handled as follows:</p>
6473:
6474: <dl class="switch"><dt>A character token that is one of U+0009 CHARACTER
6475: TABULATION, U+000A LINE FEED (LF), U+000C FORM FEED (FF),
6476: <!--U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR),--> or U+0020 SPACE</dt>
6477: <dd>
6478: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
6479: mode</a>.</p>
6480: </dd>
6481:
6482: <dt>A comment token</dt>
6483: <dd>
6484: <p>Append a <code>Comment</code> node to the first element in
6485: the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> (the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code>
6486: element), with the <code title="">data</code> attribute set to
6487: the data given in the comment token.</p>
6488: </dd>
6489:
6490: <dt>A DOCTYPE token</dt>
6491: <dd>
6492: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
6493: </dd>
6494:
6495: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "html"</dt>
6496: <dd>
6497: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
6498: mode</a>.</p>
6499: </dd>
6500:
6501: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "html"</dt>
6502: <dd>
6503:
6504: <p>If the parser was originally created as part of the <a href="#html-fragment-parsing-algorithm">HTML
6505: fragment parsing algorithm</a>, this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse
6506: error</a>; ignore the token. (<a href="#fragment-case">fragment case</a>)</p>
6507:
6508: <p>Otherwise, switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#the-after-after-body-insertion-mode" title="insertion mode: after after body">after after
6509: body</a>".</p>
6510:
6511: </dd>
6512:
6513: <dt>An end-of-file token</dt>
6514: <dd>
6515: <p><a href="#stop-parsing">Stop parsing</a>.</p>
6516: </dd>
6517:
6518: <dt>Anything else</dt>
6519: <dd>
6520:
6521: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
6522: mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in
6523: body</a>" and reprocess the token.</p>
6524:
6525: </dd>
6526:
6527: </dl><h5 id="parsing-main-inframeset"><span class="secno">9.2.5.23 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: in frameset">in frameset</dfn>" insertion mode</h5>
6528:
6529: <p>When the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#parsing-main-inframeset" title="insertion
6530: mode: in frameset">in frameset</a>", tokens must be handled as follows:</p>
6531:
6532: <dl class="switch"><dt>A character token that is one of U+0009 CHARACTER
6533: TABULATION, U+000A LINE FEED (LF), U+000C FORM FEED (FF),
6534: <!--U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR),--> or U+0020 SPACE</dt>
6535: <dd>
6536: <p><a href="#insert-a-character" title="insert a character">Insert the character</a> into
6537: the <a href="#current-node">current node</a>.</p>
6538: </dd>
6539:
6540: <dt>A comment token</dt>
6541: <dd>
6542: <p>Append a <code>Comment</code> node to the <a href="#current-node">current
6543: node</a> with the <code title="">data</code> attribute set to
6544: the data given in the comment token.</p>
6545: </dd>
6546:
6547: <dt>A DOCTYPE token</dt>
6548: <dd>
6549: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
6550: </dd>
6551:
6552: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "html"</dt>
6553: <dd>
6554: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
6555: mode</a>.</p>
6556: </dd>
6557:
6558: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "frameset"</dt>
6559: <dd>
6560: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
6561: </dd>
6562:
6563: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "frameset"</dt>
6564: <dd>
6565:
6566: <p>If the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is the root
6567: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code> element, then this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse
6568: error</a>; ignore the token. (<a href="#fragment-case">fragment
6569: case</a>)</p>
6570:
6571: <p>Otherwise, pop the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> from the
6572: <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a>.</p>
6573:
6574: <p>If the parser was <em>not</em> originally created as part
6575: of the <a href="#html-fragment-parsing-algorithm">HTML fragment parsing algorithm</a>
6576: (<a href="#fragment-case">fragment case</a>), and the <a href="#current-node">current
1.5 mike 6577: node</a> is no longer a <code><a href="obsolete.html#frameset">frameset</a></code> element, then
1.1 mike 6578: switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-afterframeset" title="insertion mode: after frameset">after
6579: frameset</a>".</p>
6580:
6581: </dd>
6582:
6583: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "frame"</dt>
6584: <dd>
6585:
6586: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.
6587: Immediately pop the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> off the
6588: <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a>.</p>
6589:
6590: <p><a href="#acknowledge-self-closing-flag" title="acknowledge self-closing flag">Acknowledge the
6591: token's <i>self-closing flag</i></a>, if it is set.</p>
6592:
6593: </dd>
6594:
6595: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "noframes"</dt>
6596: <dd>
6597: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-inhead" title="insertion mode: in head">in head</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
6598: mode</a>.</p>
6599: </dd>
6600:
6601: <dt>An end-of-file token</dt>
6602: <dd>
6603:
6604: <p>If the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is not the root
6605: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code> element, then this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse
6606: error</a>.</p>
6607:
6608: <p class="note">It can only be the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> in
6609: the <a href="#fragment-case">fragment case</a>.</p>
6610:
6611: <p><a href="#stop-parsing">Stop parsing</a>.</p>
6612:
6613: </dd>
6614:
6615: <dt>Anything else</dt>
6616: <dd>
6617: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
6618: </dd>
6619:
6620: </dl><h5 id="parsing-main-afterframeset"><span class="secno">9.2.5.24 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: after frameset">after frameset</dfn>" insertion mode</h5>
6621:
6622: <p>When the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#parsing-main-afterframeset" title="insertion
6623: mode: after frameset">after frameset</a>", tokens must be handled as follows:</p>
6624:
6625: <!-- due to rules in the "in frameset" mode, this can't be entered in the fragment case -->
6626: <dl class="switch"><dt>A character token that is one of U+0009 CHARACTER
6627: TABULATION, U+000A LINE FEED (LF), U+000C FORM FEED (FF),
6628: <!--U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR),--> or U+0020 SPACE</dt>
6629: <dd>
6630: <p><a href="#insert-a-character" title="insert a character">Insert the character</a> into
6631: the <a href="#current-node">current node</a>.</p>
6632: </dd>
6633:
6634: <dt>A comment token</dt>
6635: <dd>
6636: <p>Append a <code>Comment</code> node to the <a href="#current-node">current
6637: node</a> with the <code title="">data</code> attribute set to
6638: the data given in the comment token.</p>
6639: </dd>
6640:
6641: <dt>A DOCTYPE token</dt>
6642: <dd>
6643: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
6644: </dd>
6645:
6646: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "html"</dt>
6647: <dd>
6648: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
6649: mode</a>.</p>
6650: </dd>
6651:
6652: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "html"</dt>
6653: <dd>
6654: <p>Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#the-after-after-frameset-insertion-mode" title="insertion mode: after after frameset">after after
6655: frameset</a>".</p>
6656: </dd>
6657:
6658: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "noframes"</dt>
6659: <dd>
6660: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-inhead" title="insertion mode: in head">in head</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
6661: mode</a>.</p>
6662: </dd>
6663:
6664: <dt>An end-of-file token</dt>
6665: <dd>
6666: <p><a href="#stop-parsing">Stop parsing</a>.</p>
6667: </dd>
6668:
6669: <dt>Anything else</dt>
6670: <dd>
6671: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
6672: </dd>
6673:
6674: </dl><p class="XXX">This doesn't handle UAs that don't support
6675: frames, or that do support frames but want to show the NOFRAMES
6676: content. Supporting the former is easy; supporting the latter is
6677: harder.</p>
6678:
6679:
6680: <h5 id="the-after-after-body-insertion-mode"><span class="secno">9.2.5.25 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: after after body">after after body</dfn>" insertion mode</h5>
6681:
6682: <p>When the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#the-after-after-body-insertion-mode" title="insertion
6683: mode: after after body">after after body</a>", tokens must be handled as follows:</p>
6684:
6685: <dl class="switch"><dt>A comment token</dt>
6686: <dd>
6687: <p>Append a <code>Comment</code> node to the <code>Document</code>
6688: object with the <code title="">data</code> attribute set to the
6689: data given in the comment token.</p>
6690: </dd>
6691:
6692: <dt>A DOCTYPE token</dt>
6693: <dt>A character token that is one of U+0009 CHARACTER
6694: TABULATION, U+000A LINE FEED (LF), U+000C FORM FEED (FF),
6695: <!--U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR),--> or U+0020 SPACE</dt>
6696: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "html"</dt>
6697: <dd>
6698: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
6699: mode</a>.</p>
6700: </dd>
6701:
6702: <dt>An end-of-file token</dt>
6703: <dd>
6704: <p><a href="#stop-parsing">Stop parsing</a>.</p>
6705: </dd>
6706:
6707: <dt>Anything else</dt>
6708: <dd>
6709: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a>
6710: to "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>" and
6711: reprocess the token.</p>
6712: </dd>
6713:
6714: </dl><h5 id="the-after-after-frameset-insertion-mode"><span class="secno">9.2.5.26 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: after after frameset">after after frameset</dfn>" insertion mode</h5>
6715:
6716: <p>When the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#the-after-after-frameset-insertion-mode" title="insertion
6717: mode: after after frameset">after after frameset</a>", tokens must be handled as follows:</p>
6718:
6719: <dl class="switch"><dt>A comment token</dt>
6720: <dd>
6721: <p>Append a <code>Comment</code> node to the <code>Document</code>
6722: object with the <code title="">data</code> attribute set to the
6723: data given in the comment token.</p>
6724: </dd>
6725:
6726: <dt>A DOCTYPE token</dt>
6727: <dt>A character token that is one of U+0009 CHARACTER
6728: TABULATION, U+000A LINE FEED (LF), U+000C FORM FEED (FF),
6729: <!--U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR),--> or U+0020 SPACE</dt>
6730: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "html"</dt>
6731: <dd>
6732: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
6733: mode</a>.</p>
6734: </dd>
6735:
6736: <dt>An end-of-file token</dt>
6737: <dd>
6738: <p><a href="#stop-parsing">Stop parsing</a>.</p>
6739: </dd>
6740:
6741: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "noframes"</dt>
6742: <dd>
6743: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-inhead" title="insertion mode: in head">in head</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
6744: mode</a>.</p>
6745: </dd>
6746:
6747: <dt>Anything else</dt>
6748: <dd>
6749: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
6750: </dd>
6751:
6752: </dl><h4 id="the-end"><span class="secno">9.2.6 </span>The end</h4>
6753:
6754: <p>Once the user agent <dfn id="stop-parsing" title="stop parsing">stops parsing</dfn>
6755: the document, the user agent must follow the steps in this
6756: section.</p>
6757:
1.10 mike 6758: <!-- this happens as part of one of the tasks that runs the parser -->
1.1 mike 6759:
1.10 mike 6760: <p>First, the user agent must set the <a href="dom.html#current-document-readiness">current document
6761: readiness</a> to "interactive" and the <a href="#insertion-point">insertion
6762: point</a> to undefined.</p>
6763:
6764: <p>Then, the user agent must then make a list of all the scripts
6765: that are in the <a href="semantics.html#list-of-scripts-that-will-execute-when-the-document-has-finished-parsing">list of scripts that will execute when the
6766: document has finished parsing</a>, the <a href="semantics.html#list-of-scripts-that-will-execute-asynchronously">list of scripts that
6767: will execute asynchronously</a>, and the <a href="semantics.html#list-of-scripts-that-will-execute-as-soon-as-possible">list of scripts
6768: that will execute as soon as possible</a>. This is the <dfn id="list-of-scripts-pending-after-the-parser-stopped">list
6769: of scripts pending after the parser stopped</dfn>.</p>
6770:
6771: <p>The rules for <a href="semantics.html#when-a-script-completes-loading">when a script completes loading</a> start
6772: applying (script execution is no longer managed by the parser).</p>
1.1 mike 6773:
6774: <p>If any of the scripts in the <a href="semantics.html#list-of-scripts-that-will-execute-as-soon-as-possible">list of scripts that will
6775: execute as soon as possible</a> have <a href="semantics.html#completed-loading">completed
6776: loading</a>, or if the <a href="semantics.html#list-of-scripts-that-will-execute-asynchronously">list of scripts that will execute
6777: asynchronously</a> is not empty and the first script in that list
6778: has <a href="semantics.html#completed-loading">completed loading</a>, then the user agent must act as
6779: if those scripts just completed loading, following the rules given
6780: for that in the <code><a href="semantics.html#script">script</a></code> element definition.</p>
6781:
1.10 mike 6782: <p>If the <a href="semantics.html#list-of-scripts-that-will-execute-when-the-document-has-finished-parsing">list of scripts that will execute when the document
6783: has finished parsing</a> is not empty, and the first item in this
6784: list has already <a href="semantics.html#completed-loading">completed loading</a>, then the user agent
6785: must act as if that script just finished loading.</p>
6786:
6787: <p class="note">By this point, there will be no scripts that have
6788: loaded but have not yet been executed.</p>
6789:
6790: <hr><!-- async --><p>Once all the scripts on the <a href="#list-of-scripts-pending-after-the-parser-stopped">list of scripts pending after
6791: the parser stopped</a> have <a href="semantics.html#completed-loading">completed loading</a> and
6792: been <a href="semantics.html#executing-a-script-block" title="executing a script block">executed</a>, the
6793: user agent must <a href="browsers.html#queue-a-task">queue a task</a> to <a href="browsers.html#fire-a-simple-event">fire a simple
6794: event</a> called <code title="event-DOMContentLoaded">DOMContentLoaded</code> at the
6795: <code>Document</code>. (If the list is empty, this happens
6796: immediately.)</p>
1.1 mike 6797:
1.10 mike 6798: <hr><!-- async --><p>Once everything that <dfn id="delay-the-load-event" title="delay the load event">delays the
1.1 mike 6799: load event</dfn> of the document has completed, the user agent must
6800: run the following steps:</p>
6801:
6802: <ol><li><a href="browsers.html#queue-a-task">Queue a task</a> to set the <a href="dom.html#current-document-readiness">current document
6803: readiness</a> to "complete".</li>
6804:
6805: <li>If the <code>Document</code> is in a <a href="browsers.html#browsing-context">browsing
6806: context</a>, then <a href="browsers.html#queue-a-task">queue a task</a> to <a href="browsers.html#fire-a-simple-event">fire a
6807: simple event</a> called <code title="event-load"><a href="video.html#event-load">load</a></code> at
6808: the <code>Document</code>'s <code><a href="browsers.html#window">Window</a></code> object, but with
6809: its <code title="dom-event-target">target</code> set to the
6810: <code>Document</code> object (and the <code title="dom-event-currentTarget">currentTarget</code> set to the
6811: <code><a href="browsers.html#window">Window</a></code> object).</li>
6812:
6813: <li>If the <code>Document</code> has a <a href="history.html#pending-state-object">pending state
6814: object</a>, then <a href="browsers.html#queue-a-task">queue a task</a> to fire a <code title="event-popstate"><a href="history.html#event-popstate">popstate</a></code> event in no namespace on the
6815: <code>Document</code>'s <code><a href="browsers.html#window">Window</a></code> object using the
6816: <code><a href="history.html#popstateevent">PopStateEvent</a></code> interface, with the <code title="dom-PopStateEvent-state"><a href="history.html#dom-popstateevent-state">state</a></code> attribute set to the
6817: current value of the <a href="history.html#pending-state-object">pending state object</a>. This event
6818: must bubble but not be cancelable and has no default action.</li>
6819:
6820: </ol><p>The <a href="browsers.html#task-source">task source</a> for these tasks is the <a href="browsers.html#dom-manipulation-task-source">DOM
6821: manipulation task source</a>.</p>
6822:
6823: <!-- XXX make sure things "delay the load event", e.g. applet and
6824: object element's frame contents -->
6825:
6826: <p class="XXX">delaying the load event for things like image
6827: loads allows for intranet port scans (even without
6828: javascript!). Should we really encode that into the spec?</p>
6829:
6830:
6831: <!--XXX need to handle
6832: http://lxr.mozilla.org/mozilla/source/parser/htmlparser/src/CNavDTD.cpp#2354
6833: 2354 // Don't open transient styles if it makes the stack deep, bug 58917.
6834: -->
6835:
6836: <!--XXX
6837: http://lxr.mozilla.org/mozilla/source/parser/htmlparser/src/nsHTMLTokenizer.cpp#749
6838: -->
6839:
6840: <!--
6841: see also CTextToken::ConsumeCharacterData() for CDATA parsing?
6842:
6843: 1212 1 Here's a tricky case from bug 22596: <h5><li><h5>
6844: 1213 How do we know that the 2nd <h5> should close the <LI> rather than nest inside the <LI>?
6845: 1214 (Afterall, the <h5> is a legal child of the <LI>).
6846: 1215
6847: 1216 The way you know is that there is no root between the two, so the <h5> binds more
6848: 1217 tightly to the 1st <h5> than to the <LI>.
6849: 1218 2. Also, bug 6148 shows this case: <SPAN><DIV><SPAN>
6850: 1219 From this case we learned not to execute this logic if the parent is a block.
6851: 1220
6852: 1221 3. Fix for 26583
6853: 1222 Ex. <A href=foo.html><B>foo<A href-bar.html>bar</A></B></A> <- A legal HTML
6854: 1223 In the above example clicking on "foo" or "bar" should link to
6855: 1224 foo.html or bar.html respectively. That is, the inner <A> should be informed
6856: 1225 about the presence of an open <A> above <B>..so that the inner <A> can close out
6857: 1226 the outer <A>. The following code does it for us.
6858: 1227
6859: 1228 4. Fix for 27865 [ similer to 22596 ]. Ex: <DL><DD><LI>one<DD><LI>two
6860: - http://lxr.mozilla.org/mozilla/source/parser/htmlparser/src/CNavDTD.cpp#1211
6861:
6862: 815 // Here's a problem. If theTag is legal in here, we don't move it
6863: 816 // out. So if we're moving stuff out of here, the parent of theTag
6864: 817 // gets closed at this point. But some things are legal
6865: 818 // _everywhere_ and hence would effectively close out misplaced
6866: 819 // content in tables. This is undesirable, so treat them as
6867: 820 // illegal here so they'll be shipped out with their parents and
6868: 821 // siblings. See bug 40855 for an explanation (that bug was for
6869: 822 // comments, but the same issues arise with whitespace, newlines,
6870: 823 // noscript, etc). Script is special, though. Shipping it out
6871: 824 // breaks document.write stuff. See bug 243064.
6872: - http://lxr.mozilla.org/mozilla/source/parser/htmlparser/src/CNavDTD.cpp#825
6873:
6874:
6875: 1326 /**************************************************************************************
6876: 1327 *
6877: 1328 * Now a little code to deal with bug #49687 (crash when layout stack gets too deep)
6878: 1329 * I've also opened this up to any container (not just inlines): re bug 55095
6879: 1330 * Improved to handle bug 55980 (infinite loop caused when DEPTH is exceeded and
6880: 1331 * </P> is encountered by itself (<P>) is continuously produced.
6881: 1332 *
6882: 1333 **************************************************************************************/
6883:
6884: 1912 // Oh boy!! we found a "stray" tag. Nav4.x and IE introduce line break in
6885: 1913 // such cases. So, let's simulate that effect for compatibility.
6886: 1914 // Ex. <html><body>Hello</P>There</body></html>
6887: http://lxr.mozilla.org/mozilla/source/parser/htmlparser/src/CNavDTD.cpp#1912
6888:
6889: http://lxr.mozilla.org/seamonkey/search?string=nested
6890: /parser/htmlparser/src/CNavDTD.cpp, line 791 - * 2. <CENTER><DL><DT><A><CENTER> allow nested <CENTER>
6891: /parser/htmlparser/src/CNavDTD.cpp, line 792 - * 3. <TABLE><TR><TD><TABLE>... allow nested <TABLE>
6892: /parser/htmlparser/src/CNavDTD.cpp, line 2562 - // Discard nested forms - bug 72639
6893: /parser/htmlparser/src/nsElementTable.cpp, line 1453 - * 2. <CENTER><DL><DT><A><CENTER> allow nested <CENTER>
6894: /parser/htmlparser/src/nsElementTable.cpp, line 1454 - * 3. <TABLE><TR><TD><TABLE>... allow nested <TABLE>
6895: /parser/htmlparser/src/nsElementTable.cpp, line 1901 - // Ex: <H1><LI><H1><LI>. Inner LI has the potential of getting nested
6896: -->
6897:
6898:
6899: <h4 id="coercing-an-html-dom-into-an-infoset"><span class="secno">9.2.7 </span>Coercing an HTML DOM into an infoset</h4>
6900:
6901: <p>When an application uses an <a href="#html-parser">HTML parser</a> in
6902: conjunction with an XML pipeline, it is possible that the
6903: constructed DOM is not compatible with the XML tool chain in certain
6904: subtle ways. For example, an XML toolchain might not be able to
6905: represent attributes with the name <code title="">xmlns</code>,
6906: since they conflict with the Namespaces in XML syntax. There is also
6907: some data that the <a href="#html-parser">HTML parser</a> generates that isn't
6908: included in the DOM itself. This section specifies some rules for
6909: handling these issues.</p>
6910:
6911: <p>If the XML API being used doesn't support DOCTYPEs, the tool may
6912: drop DOCTYPEs altogether.</p>
6913:
6914: <p>If the XML API doesn't support attributes in no namespace that
6915: are named "<code title="">xmlns</code>", attributes whose names
6916: start with "<code title="">xmlns:</code>", or attributes in the
6917: <a href="#xmlns-namespace">XMLNS namespace</a>, then the tool may drop such
6918: attributes.</p>
6919:
6920: <p>The tool may annotate the output with any namespace declarations
6921: required for proper operation.</p>
6922:
6923: <p>If the XML API being used restricts the allowable characters in
6924: the local names of elements and attributes, then the tool may map
6925: all element and attribute local names that the API wouldn't support
6926: to a set of names that <em>are</em> allowed, by replacing any
6927: character that isn't supported with the uppercase letter U and the
6928: six digits of the character's Unicode code point when expressed in
6929: hexadecimal, using digits 0-9 and capital letters A-F as the
6930: symbols, in increasing numeric order.</p>
6931:
6932: <p class="example">For example, the element name <code title="">foo<bar</code>, which can be output by the <a href="#html-parser">HTML
6933: parser</a>, though it is neither a legal HTML element name nor a
6934: well-formed XML element name, would be converted into <code title="">fooU00003Cbar</code>, which <em>is</em> a well-formed XML
6935: element name (though it's still not legal in HTML by any means).</p>
6936:
6937: <p class="example">As another example, consider the attribute
6938: <code>xlink:href</code>. Used on a MathML element, it becomes, after
6939: being <a href="#adjust-foreign-attributes" title="adjust foreign attributes">adjusted</a>, an
6940: attribute with a prefix "<code title="">xlink</code>" and a local
6941: name "<code title="">href</code>". However, used on an HTML element,
6942: it becomes an attribute with no prefix and the local name "<code title="">xlink:href</code>", which is not a valid NCName, and thus
6943: might not be accepted by an XML API. It could thus get converted,
6944: becoming "<code title="">xlinkU00003Ahref</code>".</p>
6945:
6946: <p class="note">The resulting names from this conversion
6947: conveniently can't clash with any attribute generated by the
6948: <a href="#html-parser">HTML parser</a>, since those are all either lowercase or
6949: those listed in the <a href="#adjust-foreign-attributes">adjust foreign attributes</a>
6950: algorithm's table.</p>
6951:
6952: <p>If the XML API restricts comments from having two consecutive
6953: U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS characters (--), the tool may insert a single
6954: U+0020 SPACE character between any such offending characters.</p>
6955:
6956: <p>If the XML API restricts comments from ending in a
6957: U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS character (-), the tool may insert a single
6958: U+0020 SPACE character at the end of such comments.</p>
6959:
6960: <p>If the XML API restricts allowed characters in character data,
6961: the tool may replace any U+000C FORM FEED (FF) character with a
6962: U+0020 SPACE character, and any other literal non-XML character with
6963: a U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER.</p>
6964:
6965: <p>If the tool has no way to convey out-of-band information, then
6966: the tool may drop the following information:</p>
6967:
6968: <ul><li>Whether the document is set to <i><a href="dom.html#no-quirks-mode">no quirks mode</a></i>,
6969: <i><a href="dom.html#limited-quirks-mode">limited quirks mode</a></i>, or <i><a href="dom.html#quirks-mode">quirks mode</a></i></li>
6970:
6971: <li>The association between form controls and forms that aren't
6972: their nearest <code><a href="forms.html#the-form-element">form</a></code> element ancestor (use of the
6973: <a href="#form-element-pointer"><code>form</code> element pointer</a> in the parser)</li>
6974:
6975: </ul><p class="note">The mutations allowed by this section apply
6976: <em>after</em> the <a href="#html-parser">HTML parser</a>'s rules have been
6977: applied. For example, a <code title=""><a::></code> start tag
6978: will be closed by a <code title=""></a::></code> end tag, and
6979: never by a <code title=""></aU00003AU00003A></code> end tag, even
6980: if the user agent is using the rules above to then generate an
6981: actual element in the DOM with the name <code title="">aU00003AU00003A</code> for that start tag.</p>
6982:
6983:
6984:
1.35 mike 6985: <h4 id="an-introduction-to-error-handling-and-strange-cases-in-the-parser"><span class="secno">9.2.8 </span>An introduction to error handling and strange cases in the parser</h4>
1.1 mike 6986:
6987: <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
6988:
6989: <p>This section examines some erroneous markup and discusses how
6990: the <a href="#html-parser">HTML parser</a> handles these cases.</p>
6991:
6992:
6993: <h5 id="misnested-tags:-b-i-b-i"><span class="secno">9.2.8.1 </span>Misnested tags: <b><i></b></i></h5>
6994:
6995: <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
6996:
6997: <p>The most-often discussed example of erroneous markup is as
6998: follows:</p>
6999:
7000: <pre><p>1<b>2<i>3</b>4</i>5</p></pre>
7001:
7002: <p>The parsing of this markup is straightforward up to the "3". At
7003: this point, the DOM looks like this:</p>
7004:
7005: <ul class="domTree"><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element">head</a></code></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element">body</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">1</span></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">2</span></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-i-element">i</a></code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">3</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><p>Here, the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> has five elements
7006: on it: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element">body</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code>,
7007: <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code>, and <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-i-element">i</a></code>. The <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active
7008: formatting elements</a> just has two: <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code> and
7009: <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-i-element">i</a></code>. The <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>".</p>
7010:
7011: <p>Upon receiving the end tag token with the tag name "b", the "<a href="#adoptionAgency">adoption agency algorithm</a>" is
7012: invoked. This is a simple case, in that the <var title="">formatting
7013: element</var> is the <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code> element, and there is no
7014: <var title="">furthest block</var>. Thus, the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
7015: elements</a> ends up with just three elements: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code>,
7016: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element">body</a></code>, and <code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code>, while the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of
7017: active formatting elements</a> has just one: <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-i-element">i</a></code>. The
7018: DOM tree is unmodified at this point.</p>
7019:
7020: <p>The next token is a character ("4"), triggers the <a href="#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements" title="reconstruct the active formatting elements">reconstruction of
7021: the active formatting elements</a>, in this case just the
7022: <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-i-element">i</a></code> element. A new <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-i-element">i</a></code> element is thus created
7023: for the "4" text node. After the end tag token for the "i" is also
7024: received, and the "5" text node is inserted, the DOM looks as
7025: follows:</p>
7026:
7027: <ul class="domTree"><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element">head</a></code></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element">body</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">1</span></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">2</span></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-i-element">i</a></code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">3</span></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-i-element">i</a></code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">4</span></li></ul></li><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">5</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><h5 id="misnested-tags:-b-p-b-p"><span class="secno">9.2.8.2 </span>Misnested tags: <b><p></b></p></h5>
7028:
7029: <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
7030:
7031: <p>A case similar to the previous one is the following:</p>
7032:
7033: <pre><b>1<p>2</b>3</p></pre>
7034:
7035: <p>Up to the "2" the parsing here is straightforward:</p>
7036:
7037: <ul class="domTree"><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element">head</a></code></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element">body</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">1</span></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">2</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><p>The interesting part is when the end tag token with the tag name
7038: "b" is parsed.</p>
7039:
7040: <p>Before that token is seen, the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
7041: elements</a> has four elements on it: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code>,
7042: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element">body</a></code>, <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code>, and <code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code>. The
7043: <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting elements</a> just has the one:
7044: <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code>. The <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>".</p>
7045:
7046: <p>Upon receiving the end tag token with the tag name "b", the "<a href="#adoptionAgency">adoption agency algorithm</a>" is invoked, as
7047: in the previous example. However, in this case, there <em>is</em> a
7048: <var title="">furthest block</var>, namely the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code> element. Thus,
7049: this time the adoption agency algorithm isn't skipped over.</p>
7050:
7051: <p>The <var title="">common ancestor</var> is the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element">body</a></code>
7052: element. A conceptual "bookmark" marks the position of the
7053: <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code> in the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting
7054: elements</a>, but since that list has only one element in it,
7055: it won't have much effect.</p>
7056:
7057: <p>As the algorithm progresses, <var title="">node</var> ends up set
7058: to the formatting element (<code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code>), and <var title="">last
7059: node</var> ends up set to the <var title="">furthest block</var>
7060: (<code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code>).</p>
7061:
7062: <p>The <var title="">last node</var> gets appended (moved) to the
7063: <var title="">common ancestor</var>, so that the DOM looks like:</p>
7064:
7065: <ul class="domTree"><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element">head</a></code></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element">body</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">1</span></li></ul></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">2</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><p>A new <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code> element is created, and the children of the
7066: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code> element are moved to it:</p>
7067:
7068: <ul class="domTree"><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element">head</a></code></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element">body</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">1</span></li></ul></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><ul class="domTree"><li class="t1"><code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">2</span></li></ul></li></ul><p>Finally, the new <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code> element is appended to the
7069: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code> element, so that the DOM looks like:</p>
7070:
7071: <ul class="domTree"><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element">head</a></code></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element">body</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">1</span></li></ul></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">2</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><p>The <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code> element is removed from the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of
7072: active formatting elements</a> and the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
7073: elements</a>, so that when the "3" is parsed, it is appended to
7074: the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code> element:</p>
7075:
7076: <ul class="domTree"><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element">head</a></code></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element">body</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">1</span></li></ul></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">2</span></li></ul></li><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">3</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><h5 id="unexpected-markup-in-tables"><span class="secno">9.2.8.3 </span>Unexpected markup in tables</h5>
7077:
7078: <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
7079:
7080: <p>Error handling in tables is, for historical reasons, especially
7081: strange. For example, consider the following markup:</p>
7082:
7083: <pre><table><strong><b></strong><tr><td>aaa</td></tr><strong>bbb</strong></table>ccc</pre>
7084:
7085: <p>The highlighted <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code> element start tag is not allowed
7086: directly inside a table like that, and the parser handles this case
7087: by placing the element <em>before</em> the table. (This is called <i title="foster parent"><a href="#foster-parent">foster parenting</a></i>.) This can be seen by
7088: examining the DOM tree as it stands just after the
7089: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code> element's start tag has been seen:</p>
7090:
7091: <ul class="domTree"><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element">head</a></code></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element">body</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><p>...and then immediately after the <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code> element start
7092: tag has been seen:</p>
7093:
7094: <ul class="domTree"><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element">head</a></code></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element">body</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><p>At this point, the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> has on it
7095: the elements <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element">body</a></code>,
7096: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code>, and <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code> (in that order, despite the
7097: resulting DOM tree); the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting
7098: elements</a> just has the <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code> element in it; and the
7099: <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#parsing-main-intable" title="insertion mode: in
7100: table">in table</a>".</p>
7101:
7102: <p>The <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code> start tag causes the <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code> element
7103: to be popped off the stack and a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code> start tag to be
7104: implied; the <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code> and <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code> elements are
7105: then handled in a rather straight-forward manner, taking the parser
7106: through the "<a href="#parsing-main-intbody" title="insertion mode: in table body">in table
7107: body</a>" and "<a href="#parsing-main-intr" title="insertion mode: in row">in
7108: row</a>" insertion modes, after which the DOM looks as
7109: follows:</p>
7110:
7111: <ul class="domTree"><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element">head</a></code></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element">body</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><p>Here, the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> has on it the
7112: elements <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element">body</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code>,
7113: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code>, and <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code>; the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active
7114: formatting elements</a> still has the <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code> element in
7115: it; and the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#parsing-main-intr" title="insertion
7116: mode: in row">in row</a>".</p>
7117:
7118: <p>The <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-td-element">td</a></code> element start tag token, after putting a
7119: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-td-element">td</a></code> element on the tree, puts a marker on the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list
7120: of active formatting elements</a> (it also switches to the "<a href="#parsing-main-intd" title="insertion mode: in cell">in cell</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
7121: mode</a>).</p>
7122:
7123: <ul class="domTree"><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element">head</a></code></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element">body</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-td-element">td</a></code></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><p>The marker means that when the "aaa" character tokens are seen,
7124: no <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code> element is created to hold the resulting text
7125: node:</p>
7126:
7127: <ul class="domTree"><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element">head</a></code></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element">body</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-td-element">td</a></code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">aaa</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><p>The end tags are handled in a straight-forward manner; after
7128: handling them, the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> has on it the
7129: elements <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element">body</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code>,
7130: and <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code>; the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting
7131: elements</a> still has the <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code> element in it (the
7132: marker having been removed by the "td" end tag token); and the
7133: <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#parsing-main-intbody" title="insertion mode: in
7134: table body">in table body</a>".</p>
7135:
7136: <p>Thus it is that the "bbb" character tokens are found. These
7137: trigger the "<a href="#parsing-main-intabletext" title="insertion mode: in table text">in table
7138: text</a>" insertion mode to be used (with the <a href="#original-insertion-mode">original
7139: insertion mode</a> set to "<a href="#parsing-main-intbody" title="insertion mode: in table
7140: body">in table body</a>"). The character tokens are collected,
7141: and when the next token (the <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code> element end tag) is
7142: seen, they are processed as a group. Since they are not all spaces,
7143: they are handled as per the "anything else" rules in the "<a href="#parsing-main-intable" title="insertion mode: in table">in table</a>" insertion mode,
7144: which defer to the "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in
7145: body</a>" insertion mode but with <a href="#foster-parent" title="foster
7146: parent">foster parenting</a>.</p>
7147:
7148: <p>When <a href="#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements" title="reconstruct the active formatting elements">the
7149: active formatting elements are reconstructed</a>, a
7150: <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code> element is created and <a href="#foster-parent" title="foster
7151: parent">foster parented</a>, and then the "bbb" text node is
7152: appended to it:</p>
7153:
7154: <ul class="domTree"><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element">head</a></code></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element">body</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">bbb</span></li></ul></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-td-element">td</a></code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">aaa</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><p>The <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> has on it the elements
7155: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element">body</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code>,
7156: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code>, and the new <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code> (again, note that
7157: this doesn't match the resulting tree!); the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active
7158: formatting elements</a> has the new <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code> element in it;
7159: and the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is still "<a href="#parsing-main-intbody" title="insertion
7160: mode: in table body">in table body</a>".</p>
7161:
7162: <p>Had the character tokens been only <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character" title="space
7163: character">space characters</a> instead of "bbb", then those
7164: <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character" title="space character">space characters</a> would just be
7165: appended to the <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code> element.</p>
7166:
7167: <p>Finally, the <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code> is closed by a "table" end
7168: tag. This pops all the nodes from the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
7169: elements</a> up to and including the <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code> element,
7170: but it doesn't affect the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting
7171: elements</a>, so the "ccc" character tokens after the table
7172: result in yet another <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code> element being created, this
7173: time after the table:</p>
7174:
7175: <ul class="domTree"><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element">head</a></code></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element">body</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">bbb</span></li></ul></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-td-element">td</a></code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">aaa</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">ccc</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><h5 id="scripts-that-modify-the-page-as-it-is-being-parsed"><span class="secno">9.2.8.4 </span>Scripts that modify the page as it is being parsed</h5>
7176:
7177: <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
7178:
7179: <p>Consider the following markup, which for this example we will
7180: assume is the document with <a href="infrastructure.html#url">URL</a> <code title="">http://example.com/inner</code>, being rendered as the
7181: content of an <code><a href="embedded-content-0.html#the-iframe-element">iframe</a></code> in another document with the
7182: <a href="infrastructure.html#url">URL</a> <code title="">http://example.com/outer</code>:</p>
7183:
7184: <pre><div id=a>
7185: <script>
7186: var div = document.getElementById('a');
7187: parent.document.body.appendChild(div);
7188: </script>
7189: <script>
7190: alert(document.URL);
7191: </script>
7192: </div>
7193: <script>
7194: alert(document.URL);
7195: </script></pre>
7196:
7197: <p>Up to the first "script" end tag, before the script is parsed,
7198: the result is relatively straightforward:</p>
7199:
7200: <ul class="domTree"><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element">head</a></code></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element">body</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="interactive-elements.html#the-div-element">div</a></code> <span class="t2" title=""><code class="attribute name">id</code>="<code class="attribute value"><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-a-element">a</a></code>"</span><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">
7201: </span></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#script">script</a></code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">var div = document.getElementById('a'); ⏎ parent.document.body.appendChild(div);</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><p>After the script is parsed, though, the <code><a href="interactive-elements.html#the-div-element">div</a></code> element
7202: and its child <code><a href="semantics.html#script">script</a></code> element are gone:</p>
7203:
7204: <ul class="domTree"><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element">head</a></code></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element">body</a></code></li></ul></li></ul><p>They are, at this point, in the <code>Document</code> of the
7205: aforementioned outer <a href="browsers.html#browsing-context">browsing context</a>. However, the
7206: <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> <em>still contains the
7207: <code><a href="interactive-elements.html#the-div-element">div</a></code> element</em>.</p>
7208:
7209: <p>Thus, when the second <code><a href="semantics.html#script">script</a></code> element is parsed, it
7210: is inserted <em>into the outer <code>Document</code>
7211: object</em>.</p>
7212:
7213: <p>This also means that the <a href="browsers.html#script-s-global-object">script's global object</a> is
7214: the outer <a href="browsers.html#browsing-context">browsing context</a>'s <code><a href="browsers.html#window">Window</a></code>
7215: object, <em>not</em> the <code><a href="browsers.html#window">Window</a></code> object inside the
7216: <code><a href="embedded-content-0.html#the-iframe-element">iframe</a></code>.</p>
7217:
7218: <p class="note">This isn't a security problem since the script that
7219: moves the <code><a href="interactive-elements.html#the-div-element">div</a></code> into the outer <code>Document</code> can
7220: only do so because they have the two <code>Document</code> object
7221: have the same <a href="browsers.html#origin-0">origin</a>.</p>
7222:
7223: <p>Thus, the first alert says "http://example.com/outer".</p>
7224:
7225: <p>Once the <code><a href="interactive-elements.html#the-div-element">div</a></code> element's end tag is parsed, the
7226: <code><a href="interactive-elements.html#the-div-element">div</a></code> element is popped off the stack, and so the next
7227: <code><a href="semantics.html#script">script</a></code> element is in the inner <code>Document</code>:</p>
7228:
7229: <ul class="domTree"><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element">head</a></code></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element">body</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#script">script</a></code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">alert(document.URL);</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><p>This second alert will say "http://example.com/inner".</p>
7230:
7231:
7232:
7233: <h3 id="namespaces"><span class="secno">9.3 </span>Namespaces</h3>
7234:
7235: <p>The <dfn id="html-namespace-0">HTML namespace</dfn> is: <code>http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml</code></p>
7236:
7237: <p>The <dfn id="mathml-namespace">MathML namespace</dfn> is: <code>http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML</code></p>
7238:
7239: <p>The <dfn id="svg-namespace">SVG namespace</dfn> is: <code>http://www.w3.org/2000/svg</code></p>
7240:
7241: <p>The <dfn id="xlink-namespace">XLink namespace</dfn> is: <code>http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink</code></p>
7242:
7243: <p>The <dfn id="xml-namespace">XML namespace</dfn> is: <code>http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace</code></p>
7244:
7245: <p>The <dfn id="xmlns-namespace">XMLNS namespace</dfn> is: <code>http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/</code></p>
7246:
7247: <hr><p>Data mining tools and other user agents that perform operations
1.83 mike 7248: on <code><a href="iana-considerations.html#text-html">text/html</a></code> content without running scripts,
1.1 mike 7249: evaluating CSS or XPath expressions, or otherwise exposing the
7250: resulting DOM to arbitrary content, may "support namespaces" by just
7251: asserting that their DOM node analogues are in certain namespaces,
7252: without actually exposing the above strings.</p>
7253:
7254:
7255:
7256:
7257: <h3 id="serializing-html-fragments"><span class="secno">9.4 </span>Serializing HTML fragments</h3>
7258:
7259: <p>The following steps form the <dfn id="html-fragment-serialization-algorithm">HTML fragment serialization
7260: algorithm</dfn>. The algorithm takes as input a DOM
7261: <code>Element</code> or <code>Document</code>, referred to as <var title="">the node</var>, and either returns a string or raises an
7262: exception.</p>
7263:
7264: <p class="note">This algorithm serializes the <em>children</em> of
7265: the node being serialized, not the node itself.</p>
7266:
7267: <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">s</var> be a string, and initialize it to
7268: the empty string.</p></li>
7269:
7270: <li>
7271:
7272: <p>For each child node of <var title="">the node</var>, in
7273: <a href="infrastructure.html#tree-order">tree order</a>, run the following steps:
7274:
7275: </p><ol><li><p>Let <var title="">current node</var> be the child node
7276: being processed.</p></li>
7277:
7278: <li>
7279:
7280: <p>Append the appropriate string from the following list to
7281: <var title="">s</var>:</p>
7282:
7283: <dl class="switch"><dt>If <var title="">current node</var> is an <code title="">Element</code></dt>
7284:
7285: <dd>
7286:
7287: <p>Append a U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN (<code title=""><</code>)
7288: character, followed by the element's tag name. (For nodes
7289: created by the <a href="#html-parser">HTML parser</a> or <code title="">Document.createElement()</code>, the tag name will be
7290: lowercase.)</p>
7291:
7292: <p>For each attribute that the element has, append a U+0020
7293: SPACE character, the attribute's name (which, for attributes
7294: set by the <a href="#html-parser">HTML parser</a> or by <code title="">Element.setAttributeNode()</code> or <code title="">Element.setAttribute()</code>, will be lowercase), a
7295: U+003D EQUALS SIGN (<code title="">=</code>) character, a
7296: U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (<code title="">"</code>)
7297: character, the attribute's value, <a href="#escapingString" title="escaping a
7298: string">escaped as described below</a> in <i>attribute
7299: mode</i>, and a second U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (<code title="">"</code>) character.</p>
7300:
7301: <p>While the exact order of attributes is UA-defined, and may
7302: depend on factors such as the order that the attributes were
7303: given in the original markup, the sort order must be stable,
7304: such that consecutive invocations of this algorithm serialize an
7305: element's attributes in the same order.</p>
7306:
7307: <p>Append a U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (<code title="">></code>)
7308: character.</p>
7309:
7310: <p>If <var title="">current node</var> is an
1.5 mike 7311: <code><a href="the-canvas-element.html#the-area-element">area</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-base-element">base</a></code>, <code><a href="obsolete.html#basefont">basefont</a></code>,
1.1 mike 7312: <code>bgsound</code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-br-element">br</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-col-element">col</a></code>,
1.5 mike 7313: <code><a href="embedded-content-0.html#the-embed-element">embed</a></code>, <code><a href="obsolete.html#frame">frame</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-hr-element">hr</a></code>,
1.1 mike 7314: <code><a href="embedded-content-0.html#the-img-element">img</a></code>, <code><a href="forms.html#the-input-element">input</a></code>, <code><a href="forms.html#the-keygen-element">keygen</a></code>,
7315: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-link-element">link</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#meta">meta</a></code>, <code><a href="embedded-content-0.html#the-param-element">param</a></code>,
1.5 mike 7316: <code><a href="obsolete.html#spacer">spacer</a></code>, or <code>wbr</code> element, then
1.1 mike 7317: continue on to the next child node at this point.</p> <!--
7318: also, i guess: image and isindex, but we don't list those
7319: because we don't consider those "elements", more "macros", and
7320: thus we should never serialize them -->
7321:
7322: <p>If <var title="">current node</var> is a <code><a href="semantics.html#the-pre-element">pre</a></code>,
1.42 mike 7323: <code><a href="forms.html#the-textarea-element">textarea</a></code>, or <code><a href="obsolete.html#listing">listing</a></code> element, append
1.1 mike 7324: a U+000A LINE FEED (LF) character.</p>
7325:
7326: <p>Append the value of running the <a href="#html-fragment-serialization-algorithm">HTML fragment
7327: serialization algorithm</a> on the <var title="">current
7328: node</var> element (thus recursing into this algorithm for
7329: that element), followed by a U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN (<code title=""><</code>) character, a U+002F SOLIDUS (<code title="">/</code>) character, the element's tag name again,
7330: and finally a U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (<code title="">></code>) character.</p>
7331:
7332: </dd>
7333:
7334:
7335: <dt>If <var title="">current node</var> is a <code title="">Text</code> or <code title="">CDATASection</code>
7336: node</dt>
7337:
7338: <dd>
7339:
1.19 mike 7340: <p>If the parent of <var title="">current node</var> is a
1.42 mike 7341: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-style-element">style</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#script">script</a></code>, <code><a href="obsolete.html#xmp">xmp</a></code>,
1.19 mike 7342: <code><a href="embedded-content-0.html#the-iframe-element">iframe</a></code>, <code><a href="obsolete.html#noembed">noembed</a></code>,
1.5 mike 7343: <code><a href="obsolete.html#noframes">noframes</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-noscript-element">noscript</a></code>, or
1.42 mike 7344: <code><a href="obsolete.html#plaintext">plaintext</a></code> element, then append the value of <var title="">current node</var>'s <code title="">data</code> DOM
1.1 mike 7345: attribute literally.</p> <!-- note about noscript: we're
7346: assuming here that scripting is enabled. If this algorithm is
1.19 mike 7347: used with scripting disabled, this won't work
7348: right. (e.g. This might affect calling innerHTML on nodes in a
7349: document that is being designMode'd) -->
1.1 mike 7350:
7351: <p>Otherwise, append the value of <var title="">current
7352: node</var>'s <code title="">data</code> DOM attribute, <a href="#escapingString" title="escaping a string">escaped as described
7353: below</a>.</p>
7354:
7355: </dd>
7356:
7357:
7358: <dt>If <var title="">current node</var> is a <code title="">Comment</code></dt>
7359:
7360: <dd>
7361:
7362: <p>Append the literal string <code><!--</code> (U+003C
7363: LESS-THAN SIGN, U+0021 EXCLAMATION MARK, U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS,
7364: U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS), followed by the value of <var title="">current node</var>'s <code title="">data</code> DOM
7365: attribute, followed by the literal string <code>--></code>
7366: (U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS, U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS, U+003E GREATER-THAN
7367: SIGN).</p>
7368:
7369: </dd>
7370:
7371:
7372: <dt>If <var title="">current node</var> is a <code title="">ProcessingInstruction</code></dt>
7373:
7374: <dd>
7375:
7376: <p>Append the literal string <code><?</code> (U+003C
7377: LESS-THAN SIGN, U+003F QUESTION MARK), followed by the value
7378: of <var title="">current node</var>'s <code title="">target</code> DOM attribute, followed by a single
7379: U+0020 SPACE character, followed by the value of <var title="">current node</var>'s <code title="">data</code> DOM
7380: attribute, followed by a single U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN
7381: character ('>').</p>
7382:
7383: </dd>
7384:
7385:
7386: <dt>If <var title="">current node</var> is a <code title="">DocumentType</code></dt>
7387:
7388: <dd>
7389:
7390: <p>Append the literal string <code><!DOCTYPE</code> (U+003C
7391: LESS-THAN SIGN, U+0021 EXCLAMATION MARK, U+0044 LATIN CAPITAL
7392: LETTER D, U+004F LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O, U+0043 LATIN CAPITAL
7393: LETTER C, U+0054 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T, U+0059 LATIN CAPITAL
7394: LETTER Y, U+0050 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P, U+0045 LATIN CAPITAL
7395: LETTER E), followed by a space (U+0020 SPACE), followed by the
7396: value of <var title="">current node</var>'s <code title="">name</code> DOM attribute, followed by the literal
7397: string <code>></code> (U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN).</p>
7398:
7399: </dd>
7400:
7401:
7402: </dl><p>Other node types (e.g. <code title="">Attr</code>) cannot
7403: occur as children of elements. If, despite this, they somehow do
7404: occur, this algorithm must raise an
7405: <code><a href="infrastructure.html#invalid_state_err">INVALID_STATE_ERR</a></code> exception.</p>
7406:
7407: </li>
7408:
7409: </ol></li>
7410:
7411: <li><p>The result of the algorithm is the string <var title="">s</var>.</p></li>
7412:
7413: </ol><p><dfn id="escapingString">Escaping a string</dfn> (for the
7414: purposes of the algorithm above) consists of replacing any
7415: occurrences of the "<code title="">&</code>" character by the
7416: string "<code title="">&amp;</code>", any occurrences of the
7417: U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE character by the string "<code title="">&nbsp;</code>", and, if the algorithm was invoked in
7418: the <i>attribute mode</i>, any occurrences of the "<code title="">"</code>" character by the string "<code title="">&quot;</code>", or if it was not, any occurrences of
7419: the "<code title=""><</code>" character by the string "<code title="">&lt;</code>", any occurrences of the "<code title="">></code>" character by the string "<code title="">&gt;</code>".</p>
7420:
7421: <p class="note">Entity reference nodes are <a href="infrastructure.html#entity-references">assumed to be expanded</a> by the user
7422: agent, and are therefore not covered in the algorithm above.</p>
7423:
7424: <p class="note">It is possible that the output of this algorithm, if
7425: parsed with an <a href="#html-parser">HTML parser</a>, will not return the
7426: original tree structure. For instance, if a <code><a href="forms.html#the-textarea-element">textarea</a></code>
7427: element to which a <code title="">Comment</code> node has been
7428: appended is serialized and the output is then reparsed, the comment
7429: will end up being displayed in the text field. Similarly, if, as a
7430: result of DOM manipulation, an element contains a comment that
7431: contains the literal string "<code title="">--></code>", then
7432: when the result of serializing the element is parsed, the comment
7433: will be truncated at that point and the rest of the comment will be
7434: interpreted as markup. More examples would be making a
7435: <code><a href="semantics.html#script">script</a></code> element contain a text node with the text string
7436: "<code></script></code>", or having a <code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code> element that
7437: contains a <code><a href="semantics.html#the-ul-element">ul</a></code> element (as the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-ul-element">ul</a></code> element's
7438: <a href="#syntax-start-tag" title="syntax-start-tag">start tag</a> would imply the end
7439: tag for the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code>).</p>
7440:
7441:
7442: <h3 id="parsing-html-fragments"><span class="secno">9.5 </span>Parsing HTML fragments</h3>
7443:
7444: <p>The following steps form the <dfn id="html-fragment-parsing-algorithm">HTML fragment parsing
7445: algorithm</dfn>. The algorithm optionally takes as input an
7446: <code>Element</code> node, referred to as the <var title="">context</var> element, which gives the context for the
7447: parser, as well as <var title="">input</var>, a string to parse, and
7448: returns a list of zero or more nodes.</p>
7449:
7450: <p class="note">Parts marked <dfn id="fragment-case">fragment case</dfn> in algorithms
7451: in the parser section are parts that only occur if the parser was
7452: created for the purposes of this algorithm (and with a <var title="">context</var> element). The algorithms have been annotated
7453: with such markings for informational purposes only; such markings
7454: have no normative weight. If it is possible for a condition
7455: described as a <a href="#fragment-case">fragment case</a> to occur even when the
7456: parser wasn't created for the purposes of handling this algorithm,
7457: then that is an error in the specification.</p>
7458:
7459: <ol><li>
7460:
7461: <p>Create a new <code>Document</code> node, and mark it as being
7462: an <a href="dom.html#html-documents" title="HTML documents">HTML document</a>.</p>
7463:
7464: </li>
7465:
7466: <li>
7467:
7468: <p>If there is a <var title="">context</var> element, and the
7469: <code>Document</code> of the <var title="">context</var> element
7470: is in <a href="dom.html#quirks-mode">quirks mode</a>, then let the <code>Document</code>
7471: be in <a href="dom.html#quirks-mode">quirks mode</a>. Otherwise, if there is a <var title="">context</var> element, and the <code>Document</code> of
7472: the <var title="">context</var> element is in <a href="dom.html#limited-quirks-mode">limited quirks
7473: mode</a>, then let the <code>Document</code> be in
7474: <a href="dom.html#limited-quirks-mode">limited quirks mode</a>. Otherwise, leave the
7475: <code>Document</code> in <a href="dom.html#no-quirks-mode">no quirks mode</a>.</p>
7476:
7477: </li>
7478:
7479: <li>
7480:
7481: <p>Create a new <a href="#html-parser">HTML parser</a>, and associate it with
7482: the just created <code>Document</code> node.</p>
7483:
7484: </li>
7485:
7486: <li>
7487:
7488: <p>If there is a <var title="">context</var> element, run these
7489: substeps:</p>
7490:
7491: <ol><li>
7492:
7493: <p>Set the <a href="#html-parser">HTML parser</a>'s <a href="#tokenization">tokenization</a>
7494: stage's <a href="#content-model-flag">content model flag</a> according to the <var title="">context</var> element, as follows:</p>
7495:
7496: <dl class="switch"><dt>If it is a <code><a href="semantics.html#the-title-element">title</a></code> or <code><a href="forms.html#the-textarea-element">textarea</a></code>
7497: element</dt>
7498:
7499: <dd>Set the <a href="#content-model-flag">content model flag</a> to
7500: the RCDATA state.</dd>
7501:
7502:
7503: <dt>If it is a <code><a href="semantics.html#the-style-element">style</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#script">script</a></code>,
1.42 mike 7504: <code><a href="obsolete.html#xmp">xmp</a></code>, <code><a href="embedded-content-0.html#the-iframe-element">iframe</a></code>, <code><a href="obsolete.html#noembed">noembed</a></code>, or
1.5 mike 7505: <code><a href="obsolete.html#noframes">noframes</a></code> element</dt>
1.1 mike 7506:
7507: <dd>Set the <a href="#content-model-flag">content model flag</a> to
7508: the CDATA state.</dd>
7509:
7510:
7511: <dt>If it is a <code><a href="semantics.html#the-noscript-element">noscript</a></code> element</dt>
7512:
7513: <dd>If the <a href="#scripting-flag">scripting flag</a> is enabled, set the
7514: <a href="#content-model-flag">content model flag</a> to the CDATA
7515: state. Otherwise, set the <a href="#content-model-flag">content model flag</a> to the
7516: PCDATA state.</dd>
7517:
7518:
1.42 mike 7519: <dt>If it is a <code><a href="obsolete.html#plaintext">plaintext</a></code> element</dt>
1.1 mike 7520:
7521: <dd>Set the <a href="#content-model-flag">content model flag</a> to
7522: PLAINTEXT.</dd>
7523:
7524:
7525: <dt>Otherwise</dt>
7526:
7527: <dd>Leave the <a href="#content-model-flag">content model flag</a> in the PCDATA
7528: state.</dd>
7529:
7530: </dl></li>
7531:
7532: <li>
7533:
7534: <p>Let <var title="">root</var> be a new <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element">html</a></code> element
7535: with no attributes.</p>
7536:
7537: </li>
7538:
7539: <li>
7540:
7541: <p>Append the element <var title="">root</var> to the
7542: <code>Document</code> node created above.</p>
7543:
7544: </li>
7545:
7546: <li>
7547:
7548: <p>Set up the parser's <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> so that
7549: it contains just the single element <var title="">root</var>.</p>
7550:
7551: </li>
7552:
7553: <li>
7554:
7555: <p><a href="#reset-the-insertion-mode-appropriately" title="reset the insertion mode appropriately">Reset the
7556: parser's insertion mode appropriately</a>.</p>
7557:
7558: <p class="note">The parser will reference the <var title="">context</var> element as part of that algorithm.</p>
7559:
7560: </li>
7561:
7562: <li>
7563:
7564: <p>Set the parser's <a href="#form-element-pointer"><code>form</code> element pointer</a>
7565: to the nearest node to the <var title="">context</var> element
7566: that is a <code><a href="forms.html#the-form-element">form</a></code> element (going straight up the
7567: ancestor chain, and including the element itself, if it is a
7568: <code><a href="forms.html#the-form-element">form</a></code> element), or, if there is no such
7569: <code><a href="forms.html#the-form-element">form</a></code> element, to null.</p>
7570:
7571: </li>
7572:
7573: </ol></li>
7574:
7575: <li>
7576:
7577: <p>Place into the <a href="#the-input-stream">input stream</a> for the <a href="#html-parser">HTML
7578: parser</a> just created the <var title="">input</var>. The
7579: encoding <a href="#concept-encoding-confidence" title="concept-encoding-confidence">confidence</a> is
7580: <i>irrelevant</i>.</p>
7581:
7582: </li>
7583:
7584: <li>
7585:
7586: <p>Start the parser and let it run until it has consumed all the
7587: characters just inserted into the input stream.</p>
7588:
7589: </li>
7590:
7591: <li>
7592:
7593: <p>If there is a <var title="">context</var> element, return the
7594: child nodes of <var title="">root</var>, in <a href="infrastructure.html#tree-order">tree
7595: order</a>.</p>
7596:
7597: <p>Otherwise, return the children of the <code>Document</code>
7598: object, in <a href="infrastructure.html#tree-order">tree order</a>.</p>
7599:
7600: </li>
7601:
7602: </ol></div></body></html>
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