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2026-04-29Suppress "has no symbols" linker warnings on macOS.REL_13_STABLENathan Bossart
After a recent macOS update, building Postgres produces warnings that look like this: ranlib: warning: 'libpgport_shlib.a(pg_cpu_x86.c.o)' has no symbols ranlib: warning: 'libpgport_shlib.a(pg_popcount_x86.c.o)' has no symbols To fix, add a dummy symbol to files that may otherwise have none. Per project policy, this is a candidate for back-patching into out-of-support branches: it suppresses annoying compiler warnings but changes no behavior. Reported-by: Zhang Mingli <zmlpostgres@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: John Naylor <johncnaylorls@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/229aaaf3-f529-44ed-8e50-00cb6909af21%40Spark Backpatch-through: 13
2025-11-10Stamp 13.23.REL_13_23Tom Lane
2025-11-10Last-minute updates for release notes.Tom Lane
Security: CVE-2025-12817, CVE-2025-12818
2025-11-10Check for CREATE privilege on the schema in CREATE STATISTICS.Nathan Bossart
This omission allowed table owners to create statistics in any schema, potentially leading to unexpected naming conflicts. For ALTER TABLE commands that require re-creating statistics objects, skip this check in case the user has since lost CREATE on the schema. The addition of a second parameter to CreateStatistics() breaks ABI compatibility, but we are unaware of any impacted third-party code. Reported-by: Jelte Fennema-Nio <postgres@jeltef.nl> Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <postgres@jeltef.nl> Co-authored-by: Nathan Bossart <nathandbossart@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Noah Misch <noah@leadboat.com> Reviewed-by: Álvaro Herrera <alvherre@kurilemu.de> Security: CVE-2025-12817 Backpatch-through: 13
2025-11-10libpq: Prevent some overflows of int/size_tJacob Champion
Several functions could overflow their size calculations, when presented with very large inputs from remote and/or untrusted locations, and then allocate buffers that were too small to hold the intended contents. Switch from int to size_t where appropriate, and check for overflow conditions when the inputs could have plausibly originated outside of the libpq trust boundary. (Overflows from within the trust boundary are still possible, but these will be fixed separately.) A version of add_size() is ported from the backend to assist with code that performs more complicated concatenation. Reported-by: Aleksey Solovev (Positive Technologies) Reviewed-by: Noah Misch <noah@leadboat.com> Reviewed-by: Álvaro Herrera <alvherre@kurilemu.de> Security: CVE-2025-12818 Backpatch-through: 13
2025-11-10Translation updatesPeter Eisentraut
Source-Git-URL: https://git.postgresql.org/git/pgtranslation/messages.git Source-Git-Hash: 926f2f5ca7250a6f8ff0572f13748304a54dd43f
2025-11-09Release notes for 18.1, 17.7, 16.11, 15.15, 14.20, 13.23.Tom Lane
2025-11-07Fix generic read and write barriers for Clang.Thomas Munro
generic-gcc.h maps our read and write barriers to C11 acquire and release fences using compiler builtins, for platforms where we don't have our own hand-rolled assembler. This is apparently enough for GCC, but the C11 memory model is only defined in terms of atomic accesses, and our barriers for non-atomic, non-volatile accesses were not always respected under Clang's stricter interpretation of the standard. This explains the occasional breakage observed on new RISC-V + Clang animal greenfly in lock-free PgAioHandle manipulation code containing a repeating pattern of loads and read barriers. The problem can also be observed in code generated for MIPS and LoongAarch, though we aren't currently testing those with Clang, and on x86, though we use our own assembler there. The scariest aspect is that we use the generic version on very common ARM systems, but it doesn't seem to reorder the relevant code there (or we'd have debugged this long ago). Fix by inserting an explicit compiler barrier. It expands to an empty assembler block declared to have memory side-effects, so registers are flushed and reordering is prevented. In those respects this is like the architecture-specific assembler versions, but the compiler is still in charge of generating the appropriate fence instruction. Done for write barriers on principle, though concrete problems have only been observed with read barriers. Reported-by: Alexander Lakhin <exclusion@gmail.com> Tested-by: Alexander Lakhin <exclusion@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/d79691be-22bd-457d-9d90-18033b78c40a%40gmail.com Backpatch-through: 13
2025-11-07doc: Fix descriptions of some PGC_POSTMASTER parameters.Fujii Masao
The following parameters can only be set at server start because their context is PGC_POSTMASTER, but this information was missing or incorrectly documented. This commit adds or corrects that information for the following parameters: * debug_io_direct * dynamic_shared_memory_type * event_source * huge_pages * io_max_combine_limit * max_notify_queue_pages * shared_memory_type * track_commit_timestamp * wal_decode_buffer_size Backpatched to all supported branches. Author: Karina Litskevich <litskevichkarina@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Chao Li <lic@highgo.com> Reviewed-by: Fujii Masao <masao.fujii@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAHGQGwGfPzcin-_6XwPgVbWTOUFVZgHF5g9ROrwLUdCTfjy=0A@mail.gmail.com Backpatch-through: 13
2025-11-06Introduce XLogRecPtrIsValid()Álvaro Herrera
XLogRecPtrIsInvalid() is inconsistent with the affirmative form of macros used for other datatypes, and leads to awkward double negatives in a few places. This commit introduces XLogRecPtrIsValid(), which allows code to be written more naturally. This patch only adds the new macro. XLogRecPtrIsInvalid() is left in place, and all existing callers remain untouched. This means all supported branches can accept hypothetical bug fixes that use the new macro, and at the same time any code that compiled with the original formulation will continue to silently compile just fine. Author: Bertrand Drouvot <bertranddrouvot.pg@gmail.com> Backpatch-through: 13 Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/aQB7EvGqrbZXrMlg@ip-10-97-1-34.eu-west-3.compute.internal
2025-11-06Disallow generated columns in COPY WHERE clausePeter Eisentraut
Stored generated columns are not yet computed when the filtering happens, so we need to prohibit them to avoid incorrect behavior. Co-authored-by: jian he <jian.universality@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Kirill Reshke <reshkekirill@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Masahiko Sawada <sawada.mshk@gmail.com> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CACJufxHb8YPQ095R_pYDr77W9XKNaXg5Rzy-WP525mkq+hRM3g@mail.gmail.com
2025-11-06Update obsolete comment in ExecScanReScan().Etsuro Fujita
Commit 27cc7cd2b removed the epqScanDone flag from the EState struct, and instead added an equivalent flag named relsubs_done to the EPQState struct; but it failed to update this comment. Author: Etsuro Fujita <etsuro.fujita@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAPmGK152zJ3fU5avDT5udfL0namrDeVfMTL3dxdOXw28SOrycg%40mail.gmail.com Backpatch-through: 13
2025-11-06postgres_fdw: Add more test coverage for EvalPlanQual testing.Etsuro Fujita
postgres_fdw supports EvalPlanQual testing by using the infrastructure provided by the core with the RecheckForeignScan callback routine (cf. commits 5fc4c26db and 385f337c9), but there has been no test coverage for that, except that recent commit 12609fbac, which fixed an issue in commit 385f337c9, added a test case to exercise only a code path added by that commit to the core infrastructure. So let's add test cases to exercise other code paths as well at this time. Like commit 12609fbac, back-patch to all supported branches. Reported-by: Masahiko Sawada <sawada.mshk@gmail.com> Author: Etsuro Fujita <etsuro.fujita@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAPmGK15%2B6H%3DkDA%3D-y3Y28OAPY7fbAdyMosVofZZ%2BNc769epVTQ%40mail.gmail.com Backpatch-through: 13
2025-11-05Fix timing-dependent failure in recovery test 004_timeline_switchMichael Paquier
The test introduced by 17b2d5ec759c verifies that a WAL receiver survives across a timeline jump by searching the server logs for termination messages. However, it called restart() before the timeline switch, which kills the WAL receiver and may log the exact message being checked, hence failing the test. As TAP tests reuse the same log file across restarts, a rotate_logfile() is used before the restart so as the log matching check is not impacted by log entries generated by a previous shutdown. Recent changes to file handle inheritance altered I/O timing enough to make this fail consistently while testing another patch. While on it, this adds an extra check based on a PID comparison. This test may lead to false positives as it could be possible that the WAL receiver has processed a timeline jump before the initial PID is grabbed, but it should be good enough in most cases. Like 17b2d5ec759c, backpatch down to v13. Author: Bryan Green <dbryan.green@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Xuneng Zhou <xunengzhou@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/9d00b597-d64a-4f1e-802e-90f9dc394c70@gmail.com Backpatch-through: 13
2025-11-04jit: Fix accidentally-harmless type confusionAndres Freund
In 2a0faed9d702, which added JIT compilation support for expressions, I accidentally used sizeof(LLVMBasicBlockRef *) instead of sizeof(LLVMBasicBlockRef) as part of computing the size of an allocation. That turns out to have no real negative consequences due to LLVMBasicBlockRef being a pointer itself (and thus having the same size). It still is wrong and confusing, so fix it. Reported by coverity. Backpatch-through: 13
2025-11-04Fix snapshot handling bug in recent BRIN fixÁlvaro Herrera
Commit a95e3d84c0e0 added ActiveSnapshot push+pop when processing work-items (BRIN autosummarization), but forgot to handle the case of a transaction failing during the run, which drops the snapshot untimely. Fix by making the pop conditional on an element being actually there. Author: Álvaro Herrera <alvherre@kurilemu.de> Backpatch-through: 13 Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/202511041648.nofajnuddmwk@alvherre.pgsql
2025-11-04Backpatch: Fix warnings about declaration of environ on MinGWAndres Freund
Backpatch commit 7bc9a8bdd2d to 13-17. The motivation for backpatching is that we want to update CI to Debian Trixie. Trixie contains a newer mingw installation, which would trigger the warning addressed by 7bc9a8bdd2d. The risk of backpatching seems fairly low, given that it did not cause issues in the branches the commit is already present. While CI is not present in 13-14, it seems better to be consistent across branches. Author: Thomas Munro <tmunro@postgresql.org> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/o5yadhhmyjo53svzwvaocww6zkrp63i4f32cw3treuh46pxtza@hyqio5b2tkt6 Backpatch-through: 13
2025-11-04Have psql's "\? variables" show csv_fieldsepÁlvaro Herrera
Accidental omission in commit aa2ba50c2c13. There are too many lists of these variables ... Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/202511031738.eqaeaedpx5cr@alvherre.pgsql
2025-11-04Tighten check for generated column in partition key expressionPeter Eisentraut
A generated column may end up being part of the partition key expression, if it's specified as an expression e.g. "(<generated column name>)" or if the partition key expression contains a whole-row reference, even though we do not allow a generated column to be part of partition key expression. Fix this hole. Co-authored-by: jian he <jian.universality@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Fujii Masao <masao.fujii@oss.nttdata.com> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CACJufxF%3DWDGthXSAQr9thYUsfx_1_t9E6N8tE3B8EqXcVoVfQw%40mail.gmail.com
2025-11-04BRIN autosummarization may need a snapshotÁlvaro Herrera
It's possible to define BRIN indexes on functions that require a snapshot to run, but the autosummarization feature introduced by commit 7526e10224f0 fails to provide one. This causes autovacuum to leave a BRIN placeholder tuple behind after a failed work-item execution, making such indexes less efficient. Repair by obtaining a snapshot prior to running the task, and add a test to verify this behavior. Author: Álvaro Herrera <alvherre@kurilemu.de> Reported-by: Giovanni Fabris <giovanni.fabris@icon.it> Reported-by: Arthur Nascimento <tureba@gmail.com> Backpatch-through: 13 Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/202511031106.h4fwyuyui6fz@alvherre.pgsql
2025-11-04Fix unconditional WAL receiver shutdown during stream-archive transitionMichael Paquier
Commit b4f584f9d2a1 (affecting v15~, later backpatched down to 13 as of 3635a0a35aaf) introduced an unconditional WAL receiver shutdown when switching from streaming to archive WAL sources. This causes problems during a timeline switch, when a WAL receiver enters WALRCV_WAITING state but remains alive, waiting for instructions. The unconditional shutdown can break some monitoring scenarios as the WAL receiver gets repeatedly terminated and re-spawned, causing pg_stat_wal_receiver.status to show a "streaming" instead of "waiting" status, masking the fact that the WAL receiver is waiting for a new TLI and a new LSN to be able to continue streaming. This commit changes the WAL receiver behavior so as the shutdown becomes conditional, with InstallXLogFileSegmentActive being always reset to prevent the regression fixed by b4f584f9d2a1: only terminate the WAL receiver when it is actively streaming (WALRCV_STREAMING, WALRCV_STARTING, or WALRCV_RESTARTING). When in WALRCV_WAITING state, just reset InstallXLogFileSegmentActive flag to allow archive restoration without killing the process. WALRCV_STOPPED and WALRCV_STOPPING are not reachable states in this code path. For the latter, the startup process is the one in charge of setting WALRCV_STOPPING via ShutdownWalRcv(), waiting for the WAL receiver to reach a WALRCV_STOPPED state after switching walRcvState, so WaitForWALToBecomeAvailable() cannot be reached while a WAL receiver is in a WALRCV_STOPPING state. A regression test is added to check that a WAL receiver is not stopped on timeline jump, that fails when the fix of this commit is reverted. Reported-by: Ryan Bird <ryanzxg@gmail.com> Author: Xuneng Zhou <xunengzhou@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Noah Misch <noah@leadboat.com> Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/19093-c4fff49a608f82a0@postgresql.org Backpatch-through: 13
2025-11-03Doc: cover index CONCURRENTLY causing errors in INSERT ... ON CONFLICT.Noah Misch
Author: Mikhail Nikalayeu <mihailnikalayeu@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Noah Misch <noah@leadboat.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CANtu0ojXmqjmEzp-=aJSxjsdE76iAsRgHBoK0QtYHimb_mEfsg@mail.gmail.com Backpatch-through: 13
2025-11-02Avoid mixing void and integer in a conditional expression.Tom Lane
The C standard says that the second and third arguments of a conditional operator shall be both void type or both not-void type. The Windows version of INTERRUPTS_PENDING_CONDITION() got this wrong. It's pretty harmless because the result of the operator is ignored anyway, but apparently recent versions of MSVC have started issuing a warning about it. Silence the warning by casting the dummy zero to void. Reported-by: Christian Ullrich <chris@chrullrich.net> Author: Bryan Green <dbryan.green@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/cc4ef8db-f8dc-4347-8a22-e7ebf44c0308@chrullrich.net Backpatch-through: 13
2025-10-30doc: rewrite random_page_cost descriptionBruce Momjian
This removes some of the specifics of how the default was set, and adds a mention of latency as a reason the value is lower than the storage hardware might suggest. It still mentions caching. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAKAnmmK_nSPYr53LobUwQD59a-8U9GEC3XGJ43oaTYJq5nAOkw@mail.gmail.com Backpatch-through: 13
2025-10-30Fix bogus use of "long" in AllocSetCheck()David Rowley
Because long is 32-bit on 64-bit Windows, it isn't a good datatype to store the difference between 2 pointers. The under-sized type could overflow and lead to scary warnings in MEMORY_CONTEXT_CHECKING builds, such as: WARNING: problem in alloc set ExecutorState: bad single-chunk %p in block %p However, the problem lies only in the code running the check, not from an actual memory accounting bug. Fix by using "Size" instead of "long". This means using an unsigned type rather than the previous signed type. If the block's freeptr was corrupted, we'd still catch that if the unsigned type wrapped. Unsigned allows us to avoid further needless complexities around comparing signed and unsigned types. Author: David Rowley <dgrowleyml@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz> Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Backpatch-through: 13 Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAApHDvo-RmiT4s33J=aC9C_-wPZjOXQ232V-EZFgKftSsNRi4w@mail.gmail.com
2025-10-23doc: Remove mention of Git protocol supportDaniel Gustafsson
The project Git server hasn't supported cloning with the Git protocol in a very long time, but the documentation never got the memo. Remove the mention of using the Git protocol, and while there wrap a mention of Git in <productname> tags. Backpatch down to all supported versions. Author: Daniel Gustafsson <daniel@yesql.se> Reported-by: Gurjeet Singh <gurjeet@singh.im> Reviewed-by: Nathan Bossart <nathandbossart@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <jacob.champion@enterprisedb.com> Reviewed-by: Gurjeet Singh <gurjeet@singh.im> Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CABwTF4WMiMb-KT2NRcib5W0C8TQF6URMb+HK9a_=rnZnY8Q42w@mail.gmail.com Backpatch-through: 13
2025-10-23Fix off-by-one Asserts in FreePageBtreeInsertInternal/Leaf.Tom Lane
These two functions expect there to be room to insert another item in the FreePageBtree's array, but their assertions were too weak to guarantee that. This has little practical effect granting that the callers are not buggy, but it seems to be misleading late-model Coverity into complaining about possible array overrun. Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/799984.1761150474@sss.pgh.pa.us Backpatch-through: 13
2025-10-23Fix resource leaks in PL/Python error reporting, redux.Tom Lane
Commit c6f7f11d8 intended to prevent leaking any PyObject reference counts in edge cases (such as out-of-memory during string construction), but actually it introduced a leak in the normal case. Repeating an error-trapping operation often enough would lead to session-lifespan memory bloat. The problem is that I failed to think about the fact that PyObject_GetAttrString() increments the refcount of the returned PyObject, so that simply walking down the list of error frame objects causes all but the first one to have their refcount incremented. I experimented with several more-or-less-complex ways around that, and eventually concluded that the right fix is simply to drop the newly-obtained refcount as soon as we walk to the next frame object in PLy_traceback. This sounds unsafe, but it's perfectly okay because the caller holds a refcount on the first frame object and each frame object holds a refcount on the next one; so the current frame object can't disappear underneath us. By the same token, we can simplify the caller's cleanup back to simply dropping its refcount on the first object. Cleanup of each frame object will lead in turn to the refcount of the next one going to zero. I also added a couple of comments explaining why PLy_elog_impl() doesn't try to free the strings acquired from PLy_get_spi_error_data() or PLy_get_error_data(). That's because I got here by looking at a Coverity complaint about how those strings might get leaked. They are not leaked, but in testing that I discovered this other leak. Back-patch, as c6f7f11d8 was. It's a bit nervous-making to be putting such a fix into v13, which is only a couple weeks from its final release; but I can't see that leaving a recently-introduced leak in place is a better idea. Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/1203918.1761184159@sss.pgh.pa.us Backpatch-through: 13
2025-10-23Add comments explaining overflow entries in the replication lag tracker.Fujii Masao
Commit 883a95646a8 introduced overflow entries in the replication lag tracker to fix an issue where lag columns in pg_stat_replication could stall when the replay LSN stopped advancing. This commit adds comments clarifying the purpose and behavior of overflow entries to improve code readability and understanding. Since commit 883a95646a8 was recently applied and backpatched to all supported branches, this follow-up commit is also backpatched accordingly. Author: Xuneng Zhou <xunengzhou@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Fujii Masao <masao.fujii@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CABPTF7VxqQA_DePxyZ7Y8V+ErYyXkmwJ1P6NC+YC+cvxMipWKw@mail.gmail.com Backpatch-through: 13
2025-10-23Fix incorrect zero extension of Datum in JIT tuple deform codeDavid Rowley
When JIT deformed tuples (controlled via the jit_tuple_deforming GUC), types narrower than sizeof(Datum) would be zero-extended up to Datum width. This wasn't the same as what fetch_att() does in the standard tuple deforming code. Logically the values are the same when fetching via the DatumGet*() marcos, but negative numbers are not the same in binary form. In the report, the problem was manifesting itself with: ERROR: could not find memoization table entry in a query which had a "Cache Mode: binary" Memoize node. However, it's currently unclear what else is affected. Anything that uses datum_image_eq() or datum_image_hash() on a Datum from a tuple deformed by JIT could be affected, but it may not be limited to that. The fix for this is simple: use signed extension instead of zero extension. Many thanks to Emmanuel Touzery for reporting this issue and providing steps and backup which allowed the problem to easily be recreated. Reported-by: Emmanuel Touzery <emmanuel.touzery@plandela.si> Author: David Rowley <dgrowleyml@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/DB8P194MB08532256D5BAF894F241C06393F3A@DB8P194MB0853.EURP194.PROD.OUTLOOK.COM Backpatch-through: 13
2025-10-22Make invalid primary_slot_name follow standard GUC error reporting.Fujii Masao
Previously, if primary_slot_name was set to an invalid slot name and the configuration file was reloaded, both the postmaster and all other backend processes reported a WARNING. With many processes running, this could produce a flood of duplicate messages. The problem was that the GUC check hook for primary_slot_name reported errors at WARNING level via ereport(). This commit changes the check hook to use GUC_check_errdetail() and GUC_check_errhint() for error reporting. As with other GUC parameters, this causes non-postmaster processes to log the message at DEBUG3, so by default, only the postmaster's message appears in the log file. Backpatch to all supported versions. Author: Fujii Masao <masao.fujii@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Chao Li <lic@highgo.com> Reviewed-by: Amit Kapila <amit.kapila16@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Álvaro Herrera <alvherre@kurilemu.de> Reviewed-by: Hayato Kuroda <kuroda.hayato@fujitsu.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAHGQGwFud-cvthCTfusBfKHBS6Jj6kdAPTdLWKvP2qjUX6L_wA@mail.gmail.com Backpatch-through: 13
2025-10-22Fix stalled lag columns in pg_stat_replication when replay LSN stops advancing.Fujii Masao
Previously, when the replay LSN reported in feedback messages from a standby stopped advancing, for example, due to a recovery conflict, the write_lag and flush_lag columns in pg_stat_replication would initially update but then stop progressing. This prevented users from correctly monitoring replication lag. The problem occurred because when any LSN stopped updating, the lag tracker's cyclic buffer became full (the write head reached the slowest read head). In that state, the lag tracker could no longer compute round-trip lag values correctly. This commit fixes the issue by handling the slowest read entry (the one causing the buffer to fill) as a separate overflow entry and freeing space so the write and other read heads can continue advancing in the buffer. As a result, write_lag and flush_lag now continue updating even if the reported replay LSN remains stalled. Backpatch to all supported versions. Author: Fujii Masao <masao.fujii@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Chao Li <lic@highgo.com> Reviewed-by: Shinya Kato <shinya11.kato@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Xuneng Zhou <xunengzhou@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAHGQGwGdGQ=1-X-71Caee-LREBUXSzyohkoQJd4yZZCMt24C0g@mail.gmail.com Backpatch-through: 13
2025-10-21Add .abi-compliance-history to back-branches.Nathan Bossart
This file was previously added to v18 by commits a72f7d97be and 93fb76ca4e. Unlike the v18 version of the file, the back-branch versions set the original baseline point to the most recent ABI break documented in the git commit history. While we'd ordinarily set it to something just before the .0 release, we're unlikely to act upon ABI breaks in released minor versions, so it doesn't seem worth the trouble to construct a comprehensive history. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/aPfDOD6F4FaJJd7M%40nathan Backpatch-through: 13-17
2025-10-21Add previous commit to .git-blame-ignore-revs.Nathan Bossart
Backpatch-through: 13
2025-10-21Re-pgindent brin.c.Nathan Bossart
Backpatch-through: 13
2025-10-21Fix BRIN 32-bit counter wrap issue with huge tablesDavid Rowley
A BlockNumber (32-bit) might not be large enough to add bo_pagesPerRange to when the table contains close to 2^32 pages. At worst, this could result in a cancellable infinite loop during the BRIN index scan with power-of-2 pagesPerRange, and slow (inefficient) BRIN index scans and scanning of unneeded heap blocks for non power-of-2 pagesPerRange. Backpatch to all supported versions. Author: sunil s <sunilfeb26@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: David Rowley <dgrowleyml@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAOG6S4-tGksTQhVzJM19NzLYAHusXsK2HmADPZzGQcfZABsvpA@mail.gmail.com Backpatch-through: 13
2025-10-19Don't rely on zlib's gzgetc() macro.Tom Lane
It emerges that zlib's configuration logic is not robust enough to guarantee that the macro will have the same ideas about struct field layout as the library itself does, leading to corruption of zlib's state struct followed by unintelligible failure messages. This hazard has existed for a long time, but we'd not noticed for several reasons: (1) We only use gzgetc() when trying to read a manually-compressed TOC file within a directory-format dump, which is a rarely-used scenario that we weren't even testing before 20ec99589. (2) No corruption actually occurs unless sizeof(long) is different from sizeof(off_t) and the platform is big-endian. (3) Some platforms have already fixed the configuration instability, at least sufficiently for their environments. Despite (3), it seems foolish to assume that the problem isn't going to be present in some environments for a long time to come. Hence, avoid relying on this macro. We can just #undef it and fall back on the underlying function of the same name. Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/2122679.1760846783@sss.pgh.pa.us Backpatch-through: 13
2025-10-18Fix pg_dump sorting of foreign key constraintsÁlvaro Herrera
Apparently, commit 04bc2c42f765 failed to notice that DO_FK_CONSTRAINT objects require identical handling as DO_CONSTRAINT ones, which causes some pg_upgrade tests in debug builds to fail spuriously. Add that. Author: Álvaro Herrera <alvherre@kurilemu.de> Backpatch-through: 13 Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/202510181201.k6y75v2tpf5r@alvherre.pgsql
2025-10-17Fix privilege checks for pg_prewarm() on indexes.Nathan Bossart
pg_prewarm() currently checks for SELECT privileges on the target relation. However, indexes do not have access rights of their own, so a role may be denied permission to prewarm an index despite having the SELECT privilege on its parent table. This commit fixes this by locking the parent table before the index (to avoid deadlocks) and checking for SELECT on the parent table. Note that the code is largely borrowed from amcheck_lock_relation_and_check(). An obvious downside of this change is the extra AccessShareLock on the parent table during prewarming, but that isn't expected to cause too much trouble in practice. Author: Ayush Vatsa <ayushvatsa1810@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Nathan Bossart <nathandbossart@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Reviewed-by: Jeff Davis <pgsql@j-davis.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CACX%2BKaMz2ZoOojh0nQ6QNBYx8Ak1Dkoko%3DD4FSb80BYW%2Bo8CHQ%40mail.gmail.com Backpatch-through: 13
2025-10-16Fix update-po for the PGXS caseÁlvaro Herrera
The original formulation failed to take into account the fact that for the PGXS case, the source dir is not $(top_srcdir), so it ended up not doing anything. Handle it explicitly. Author: Ryo Matsumura <matsumura.ryo@fujitsu.com> Reviewed-by: Bryan Green <dbryan.green@gmail.com> Backpatch-through: 13 Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/TYCPR01MB113164770FB0B0BE6ED21E68EE8DCA@TYCPR01MB11316.jpnprd01.prod.outlook.com
2025-10-15Fix EvalPlanQual handling of foreign/custom joins in ExecScanFetch.Etsuro Fujita
If inside an EPQ recheck, ExecScanFetch would run the recheck method function for foreign/custom joins even if they aren't descendant nodes in the EPQ recheck plan tree, which is problematic at least in the foreign-join case, because such a foreign join isn't guaranteed to have an alternative local-join plan required for running the recheck method function; in the postgres_fdw case this could lead to a segmentation fault or an assert failure in an assert-enabled build when running the recheck method function. Even if inside an EPQ recheck, any scan nodes that aren't descendant ones in the EPQ recheck plan tree should be normally processed by using the access method function; fix by modifying ExecScanFetch so that if inside an EPQ recheck, it runs the recheck method function for foreign/custom joins that are descendant nodes in the EPQ recheck plan tree as before and runs the access method function for foreign/custom joins that aren't. This fix also adds to postgres_fdw an isolation test for an EPQ recheck that caused issues stated above. Oversight in commit 385f337c9. Reported-by: Kristian Lejao <kristianlejao@gmail.com> Author: Masahiko Sawada <sawada.mshk@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Etsuro Fujita <etsuro.fujita@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz> Reviewed-by: Etsuro Fujita <etsuro.fujita@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAD21AoBpo6Gx55FBOW+9s5X=nUw3Xpq64v35fpDEKsTERnc4TQ@mail.gmail.com Backpatch-through: 13
2025-10-13Fix incorrect message-printing in win32security.c.Tom Lane
log_error() would probably fail completely if used, and would certainly print garbage for anything that needed to be interpolated into the message, because it was failing to use the correct printing subroutine for a va_list argument. This bug likely went undetected because the error cases this code is used for are rarely exercised - they only occur when Windows security API calls fail catastrophically (out of memory, security subsystem corruption, etc). The FRONTEND variant can be fixed just by calling vfprintf() instead of fprintf(). However, there was no va_list variant of write_stderr(), so create one by refactoring that function. Following the usual naming convention for such things, call it vwrite_stderr(). Author: Bryan Green <dbryan.green@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAF+pBj8goe4fRmZ0V3Cs6eyWzYLvK+HvFLYEYWG=TzaM+tWPnw@mail.gmail.com Backpatch-through: 13
2025-10-13Doc: clarify n_distinct_inherited settingDavid Rowley
There was some confusion around how to adjust the n_distinct estimates for partitioned tables. Here we try and clarify that n_distinct_inherited needs to be adjusted rather than n_distinct. Also fix some slightly misleading text which was talking about table size rather than table rows, fix a grammatical error, and adjust some text which indicated that ANALYZE was performing calculations based on the n_distinct settings. Really it's the query planner that does this and ANALYZE only stores the overridden n_distinct estimate value in pg_statistic. Author: David Rowley <dgrowleyml@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: David G. Johnston <david.g.johnston@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Chao Li <li.evan.chao@gmail.com> Backpatch-through: 13 Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAApHDvrL7a-ZytM1SP8Uk9nEw9bR2CPzVb+uP+bcNj=_q-ZmVw@mail.gmail.com
2025-10-10Remove overzealous _bt_killitems assertion.Peter Geoghegan
An assertion in _bt_killitems expected the scan's currPos state to contain a valid LSN, saved from when currPos's page was initially read. The assertion failed to account for the fact that even logged relations can have leaf pages with an invalid LSN when built with wal_level set to "minimal". Remove the faulty assertion. Oversight in commit e6eed40e (though note that the assertion was backpatched to stable branches before 18 by commit 7c319f54). Author: Peter Geoghegan <pg@bowt.ie> Reported-By: Matthijs van der Vleuten <postgresql@zr40.nl> Bug: #19082 Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/19082-628e62160dbbc1c1@postgresql.org Backpatch-through: 13
2025-10-10Remove state.tmp when failing to save a replication slotMichael Paquier
An error happening while a slot data is saved on disk in SaveSlotToPath() could cause a state.tmp file (temporary file holding the slot state data, renamed to its permanent name at the end of the function) to remain around after it has been created. This temporary file is created with O_EXCL, meaning that if an existing state.tmp is found, its creation would fail. This would prevent the slot data to be saved, requiring a manual intervention to remove state.tmp before being able to save again a slot. Possible scenarios where this temporary file could remain on disk is for example a ENOSPC case (no disk space) while writing, syncing or renaming it. The bug reports point to a write failure as the principal cause of the problems. Using O_TRUNC has been argued back in 2019 as a potential solution to discard any temporary file that could exist. This solution was rejected as O_EXCL can also act as a safety measure when saving the slot state, crash recovery offering cleanup guarantees post-crash. This commit uses the alternative approach that has been suggested by Andres Freund back in 2019. When the temporary state file cannot be written, synced, closed or renamed (note: not when created!), an unlink() is used to remove the temporary state file while holding the in-progress I/O LWLock, so as any follow-up attempts to save a slot's data would not choke on an existing file that remained around because of a previous failure. This problem has been reported a few times across the years, going back to 2019, but for some reason I have never come back to do something about it and it has been forgotten. A recent report has reminded me that this was still a problem. Reported-by: Kevin K Biju <kevinkbiju@gmail.com> Reported-by: Sergei Kornilov <sk@zsrv.org> Reported-by: Grigory Smolkin <g.smolkin@postgrespro.ru> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAM45KeHa32soKL_G8Vk38CWvTBeOOXcsxAPAs7Jt7yPRf2mbVA@mail.gmail.com Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3559061693910326@qy4q4a6esb2lebnz.sas.yp-c.yandex.net Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/08bbfab1-a61d-3750-fc18-4ab2c1aa7f09@postgrespro.ru Backpatch-through: 13
2025-10-05Use SOCK_ERRNO[_SET] in fe-secure-gssapi.c.Tom Lane
On Windows, this code did not handle error conditions correctly at all, since it looked at "errno" which is not used for socket-related errors on that platform. This resulted, for example, in failure to connect to a PostgreSQL server with GSSAPI enabled. We have a convention for dealing with this within libpq, which is to use SOCK_ERRNO and SOCK_ERRNO_SET rather than touching errno directly; but the GSSAPI code is a relative latecomer and did not get that memo. (The equivalent backend code continues to use errno, because the backend does this differently. Maybe libpq's approach should be rethought someday.) Apparently nobody tries to build libpq with GSSAPI support on Windows, or we'd have heard about this before, because it's been broken all along. Back-patch to all supported branches. Author: Ning Wu <ning94803@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAFGqpvg-pRw=cdsUpKYfwY6D3d-m9tw8WMcAEE7HHWfm-oYWvw@mail.gmail.com Backpatch-through: 13
2025-10-03pgbench: Fail cleanly when finding a COPY result stateMichael Paquier
Currently, pgbench aborts when a COPY response is received in readCommandResponse(). However, as PQgetResult() returns an empty result when there is no asynchronous result, through getCopyResult(), the logic done at the end of readCommandResponse() for the error path leads to an infinite loop. This commit forcefully exits the COPY state with PQendcopy() before moving to the error handler when fiding a COPY state, avoiding the infinite loop. The COPY protocol is not supported by pgbench anyway, as an error is assumed in this case, so giving up is better than having the tool be stuck forever. pgbench was interruptible in this state. A TAP test is added to check that an error happens if trying to use COPY. Author: Anthonin Bonnefoy <anthonin.bonnefoy@datadoghq.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAO6_XqpHyF2m73ifV5a=5jhXxH2chk=XrgefY+eWWPe2Eft3=A@mail.gmail.com Backpatch-through: 13
2025-10-02pgstattuple: Improve reports generated for indexes (hash, gist, btree)Michael Paquier
pgstattuple checks the state of the pages retrieved for gist and hash using some check functions from each index AM, respectively gistcheckpage() and _hash_checkpage(). When these are called, they would fail when bumping on data that is found as incorrect (like opaque area size not matching, or empty pages), contrary to btree that simply discards these cases and continues to aggregate data. Zero pages can happen after a crash, with these AMs being able to do an internal cleanup when these are seen. Also, sporadic failures are annoying when doing for example a large-scale diagnostic query based on pgstattuple with a join of pg_class, as it forces one to use tricks like quals to discard hash or gist indexes, or use a PL wrapper able to catch errors. This commit changes the reports generated for btree, gist and hash to be more user-friendly; - When seeing an empty page, report it as free space. This new rule applies to gist and hash, and already applied to btree. - For btree, a check based on the size of BTPageOpaqueData is added. - For gist indexes, gistcheckpage() is not called anymore, replaced by a check based on the size of GISTPageOpaqueData. - For hash indexes, instead of _hash_getbuf_with_strategy(), use a direct call to ReadBufferExtended(), coupled with a check based on HashPageOpaqueData. The opaque area size check was already used. - Pages that do not match these criterias are discarded from the stats reports generated. There have been a couple of bug reports over the years that complained about the current behavior for hash and gist, as being not that useful, with nothing being done about it. Hence this change is backpatched down to v13. Reported-by: Noah Misch <noah@leadboat.com> Author: Nitin Motiani <nitinmotiani@google.com> Reviewed-by: Dilip Kumar <dilipbalaut@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAH5HC95gT1J3dRYK4qEnaywG8RqjbwDdt04wuj8p39R=HukayA@mail.gmail.com Backpatch-through: 13
2025-09-30pgbench: Fix error reporting in readCommandResponse().Fujii Masao
pgbench uses readCommandResponse() to process server responses. When readCommandResponse() encounters an error during a call to PQgetResult() to fetch the current result, it attempts to report it with an additional error message from PQerrorMessage(). However, previously, this extra error message could be lost or become incorrect. The cause was that after fetching the current result (and detecting an error), readCommandResponse() called PQgetResult() again to peek at the next result. This second call could overwrite the libpq connection's error message before the original error was reported, causing the error message retrieved from PQerrorMessage() to be lost or overwritten. This commit fixes the issue by updating readCommandResponse() to use PQresultErrorMessage() instead of PQerrorMessage() to retrieve the error message generated when the PQgetResult() for the current result causes an error, ensuring the correct message is reported. Backpatch to all supported versions. Author: Yugo Nagata <nagata@sraoss.co.jp> Reviewed-by: Chao Li <lic@highgo.com> Reviewed-by: Fujii Masao <masao.fujii@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20250925110940.ebacc31725758ec47d5432c6@sraoss.co.jp Backpatch-through: 13
2025-09-29Fix StatisticsObjIsVisibleExt() for pg_temp.Noah Misch
Neighbor get_statistics_object_oid() ignores objects in pg_temp, as has been the standard for non-relation, non-type namespace searches since CVE-2007-2138. Hence, most operations that name a statistics object correctly decline to map an unqualified name to a statistics object in pg_temp. StatisticsObjIsVisibleExt() did not. Consequently, pg_statistics_obj_is_visible() wrongly returned true for such objects, psql \dX wrongly listed them, and getObjectDescription()-based ereport() and pg_describe_object() wrongly omitted namespace qualification. Any malfunction beyond that would depend on how a human or application acts on those wrong indications. Commit d99d58cdc8c0b5b50ee92995e8575c100b1a458a introduced this. Back-patch to v13 (all supported versions). Reviewed-by: Nathan Bossart <nathandbossart@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20250920162116.2e.nmisch@google.com Backpatch-through: 13