2012-??-?? CURRENT AS OF 2012-05-09 NARRATIVE HERE. Major enhancements include: MAJOR LIST HERE The above items are explained in more detail in the sections below. A dump/restore using pg_dump, or use of pg_upgrade, is required for those wishing to migrate data from any previous release. Version 9.2 contains a number of changes that may affect compatibility with previous releases. Observe the following incompatibilities: Ensure that xpath() escapes special characters in string values (Florian Pflug) Without this it is possible to output illegal XML. Remove hstore's => operator (Robert Haas) Users should now use hstore(text, text). Since PostgreSQL 9.0, a warning message is emitted when an operator named => is created because the SQL standard reserves that token for another use. Have pg_relation_size() and friends return NULL if the object does not exist (Phil Sorber) This prevents queries that call these functions from returning errors during concurrent drop operations. Remove the spclocation field from pg_tablespace (Magnus Hagander) This field was duplicative of the symbolic links already present in the data directory. This allows tablespace directories to be moved while the server is down. Also add pg_tablespace_location() to allow querying of the symbolic links. Move tsvector most-common-element statistics to new pg_stats columns (Alexander Korotkov) Consult most_common_elems and most_common_elem_freqs for the data formerly available in most_common_vals and most_common_freqs. Have EXTRACT of a non-timezone-aware value measure the epoch from local midnight, not UTC midnight (Tom Lane) Having these computations depend on UTC was inconsistent. The old behavior is available by casting the value to timestamp with time zone. Properly parse time strings with trailing yesterday, today, and tomorrow (Dean Rasheed) Previously, SELECT '04:00:00 yesterday'::timestamp returned yesterday's date at midnight. Fix to_date() and to_timestamp() to wrap incomplete dates toward 2020 (Bruce Momjian) Previously, supplied years and year masks of less than four digits wrapped inconsistently. Prevent ALTER DOMAIN from working on non-domain types (Peter Eisentraut) Owner and schema changes were previously possible on non-domain types. No longer auto-lowercase procedural language names (Robert Haas) While unquoted language identifiers are still lowercased, strings and quoted identifiers are no longer forcibly down-cased. Thus for example CREATE FUNCTION ... LANGUAGE 'C' will no longer work; it must be spelled 'c', or better omit the quotes. Provide consistent backquote, variable expansion, and quoted substring behavior in psql meta-command arguments (Tom Lane) Previously, such usage was only properly expanded when isolated by whitespace, e.g. 'FOO'BAR was output as FOO BAR. No longer treat clusterdb table names as double-quoted; no longer treat reindexdb table and index names as double-quoted (Bruce Momjian) Users must supply double-quotes in the command arguments to accomplish double-quoting behavior. Disable prompting for the user name in dropdb unless --interactive is specified (Peter Eisentraut) No longer have createuser prompt for settings (Peter Eisentraut) Previously createuser prompted regarding various user settings. Remove initdb support for the crypt authentication method (Peter Eisentraut) This was removed from the backend years ago. Remove the postgresql.conf setting silent_mode (Heikki Linnakangas) This behavior could already be accomplished with pg_ctl -l postmaster.log. Remove GUC wal_sender_delay, as it is no longer needed (Tom Lane) The new "latch" capability made this setting unnecessary. Remove the custom_variable_classes postgresql.conf parameter (Tom Lane) The checking provided by this setting was dubious. Now any setting can be prefixed by any class name. Add GUC parameters for specifying the locations of server-side SSL files (Peter Eisentraut) This allows changing the location of the files that were previously hard-coded to server.crt, server.key, root.crt, root.crl. CA (crt) and CRL files no longer have default names, and if specified, these files must exist. Rename pg_stat_activity.procpid to pid, to match other system tables (Magnus Hagander) Create a separate pg_stat_activity column to report state information, e.g. idle (Scott Mead, Magnus Hagander) The last query values are preserved, allowing for enhanced analysis. Rename pg_stat_activity.current_query to query because it is not cleared when the query completes (Magnus Hagander) Change all SQL-level statistics timing values to float8-stored milliseconds (Tom Lane) The columns affected are: pg_stat_user_functions.total_time, pg_stat_user_functions.self_time, pg_stat_xact_user_functions.total_time, pg_stat_xact_user_functions.self_time. Change pg_stat_statements' total_time column to be measured in milliseconds (Tom Lane) Below you will find a detailed account of the changes between PostgreSQL 9.2 and the previous major release. Allow queries to retrieve data only from indexes, avoiding heap access (Robert Haas, Ibrar Ahmed, Heikki Linnakangas, Tom Lane) This is often called "index-only scans" or "covering indexes". This is possible for heap pages with exclusively all-visible tuples, as reported by the visibility map. The visibility map was made crash-safe as a necessary part of implementing this feature. Allow frequently uncontended locks to be recorded using a new lightweight lock mechanism (Robert Haas) Move the frequently accessed members of the PGPROC shared memory array to a separate section, for performance (Pavan Deolasee, Heikki Linnakangas, Robert Haas) Reduce overhead of creating virtual transaction id locks (Robert Haas) Reduce overhead for shared invalidation cache messages (Robert Haas) Improve performance of transactions using many savepoints (Simon Riggs) PARTIALLY REVERTED. KEEP? Improve COPY performance by adding tuples to the heap in batches (Heikki Linnakangas) Improve GiST geometric type index performance by producing better trees with less memory allocation overhead (Alexander Korotkov) Allow hint bits to be set sooner for temporary and unlogged tables (Robert Haas) Reduce checkpoints and WAL traffic on low activity servers (Simon Riggs) Allow sorting to be performed by inlined and faster, non-SQL-callable comparison functions (Peter Geoghegan, Robert Haas, Tom Lane) Add the SP-GiST (Space-Partitioned GiST) index access method (Teodor Sigaev, Oleg Bartunov, Tom Lane, Robert Haas) SP-GiST is comparable to GiST in flexibility, but supports non-balanced partitioned search structures rather than balanced trees. CLARIFY? Improve GiST index build times (Alexander Korotkov, Heikki Linnakangas) Take fewer MVCC snapshots, for performance (Robert Haas) Have the number of clog buffers scale based on shared_buffers (Robert Haas, Simon Riggs, Tom Lane) Reduce the overhead of serializable isolation level locks (Dan Ports) Improve locking performance during group commit (Peter Geoghegan) Improve PowerPC and Itanium spinlock performance (Manabu Ori, Robert Haas, Tom Lane) Create a dedicated worker process to perform checkpoints (Simon Riggs) Formerly the background writer did dirty page writing and checkpointing. Improve asynchronous commit behavior by waking up sooner (Simon Riggs) Previously, only wal_writer_delay triggered WAL flushing to disk; now filling a WAL buffer also triggers WAL writes. Allow backends to detect postmaster death via a pipe read failure, rather than polling (Peter Geoghegan, Heikki Linnakangas, Tom Lane) The wait events are internally called "latches". Allow the bgwriter, walwriter, statistics collector, archiver, and checkpointer to sleep more efficiently during periods of inactivity (Peter Geoghegan, Tom Lane) This reduces CPU wake-ups, which dramatically reduces power consumption on idle servers. Pass the safe number of file descriptors to Windows processes (Heikki Linnakangas) This allows Windows sessions to cache more open file descriptors. Improve the ability of the planner to choose parameterized plans (Tom Lane) A prepared statement is now parsed, analyzed, and rewritten, but not necessarily planned. When the prepared plan is executed with parameters, the planner might replan it for every constant, or it might execute a generic plan if its cost is close to that of a constant-specific plan. CLARIFY Allow the optimizer to use CHECK constraints defined on tables referenced in subqueries in planning decisions (Tom Lane) This is only enabled when constraint_exclusion = on. Allow indexedcol op ANY(ARRAY[...]) conditions to be used in plain indexscans (Tom Lane) Improve heuristics for determining the type of unknown values by considering other data types involved in the operation (Tom Lane) Allow better matching of index columns with non-default operator qualifications (Tom Lane) Improve the planner's ability to use nested loops with inner index scans (Tom Lane) Support MIN/MAX index optimizations on boolean columns (Marti Raudsepp) Improve the ability to use statistics on columns referenced in subqueries (Tom Lane) Improve optimizer estimation for subqueries using DISTINCT (Tom Lane) Collect and use element-frequency statistics for arrays (Alexander Korotkov, Tom Lane) This patch improves selectivity estimation for the array <@, &&, and @> (containment and overlaps) array operators. Improve costing of partial indexes (Tom Lane) Allow analyze statistics to be collected for foreign tables (Etsuro Fujita) Do not assume roles and samerole specified in pg_hba.conf include superusers (Andrew Dunstan) This makes it easier to use reject lines with group roles. Make superuser imply replication privilege (Noah Misch) This avoids the need to explicitly assign such privileges. Adjust pg_hba.conf processing to more consistently handle token parsing (Brendan Jurd, Álvaro Herrera) Disallow empty pg_hba.conf files (Tom Lane) This was done to more quickly report misconfiguration. Attempt to log the current query string before a backend crash (Marti Raudsepp) Make logging of autovacuum I/O activity more verbose (Greg Smith, Noah Misch) This logging is triggered by log_autovacuum_min_duration. Have WAL replay report failures sooner (Fujii Masao) There were some cases where failures were only reported once the server went into master mode. Add pg_xlog_location_diff() to simplify xlog comparisons (Euler Taveira de Oliveira) This is useful for computing replication lag. Support configurable eventlog application names on Windows (MauMau, Magnus Hagander) This allows different instances to use the eventlog with different identifiers, by setting the event_source GUC, which is similar to how syslog_ident works. Change "unexpected EOF" message to DEBUG1 level (Magnus Hagander) Track temporary file sizes and file counts in the pg_stat_database system view (Tomas Vondra) Add a deadlock counter to the pg_stat_database system view (Magnus Hagander) Add a GUC setting track_io_timing to track I/O timings (Ants Aasma, Robert Haas) Report checkpoint timing information in pg_stat_bgwriter (Greg Smith, Peter Geoghegan, Robert Haas) Allow deadlock_timeout to be set per-session by superusers, not just per-cluster (Noah Misch) This allows deadlock_timeout to be reduced for transactions that are likely to be involved in a deadlock, thus detecting it more quickly. It can also be used to reduce the chances of a session being chosen for cancellation due to a deadlock. Add GUC parameter temp_file_limit to constrain temporary file space usage per session (Mark Kirkwood) Add postgresql.conf category "Replication / Sending Servers" (Fujii Masao) Allow a superuser to SET an extension's superuser-only custom variable before loading the associated extension (Tom Lane) The system now remembers whether a SET was performed by a superuser. Add postmaster -C option to query configuration parameters (Bruce Momjian) This allows pg_ctl to better handle configuration-only directory installations. Force the locale to be recorded more specifically, rather than using the empty string to mean the default (Tom Lane) Allow multiple errors in postgresql.conf to be reported, rather than just the first one (Alexey Klyukin, Tom Lane) Allow a reload of postgresql.conf to be processed by all backends even if there are some settings that are invalid for that session (Alexey Klyukin) Previously, such not-valid-for-session errors would cause all setting changes to be ignored by that backend. Add an include_if_exists facility for configuration files (Greg Smith) This works the same as include, except that an error is not thrown if the file is missing. Check the server time zone during initdb, and set postgresql.conf values timezone and log_timezone accordingly (Tom Lane) This avoids expensive time zone probes during server start. Allow Windows to report postgresql.conf line numbers in pg_settings (Tom Lane) Allow streaming replications slaves to serve other slaves (Fujii Masao) Previously, only the master server could supply streaming replication log files to standby servers. Slaves can also now do continuous archiving. (?) Add new synchronous_commit replication mode remote_write (Fujii Masao, Simon Riggs) This only writes data to the socket, but does not wait a write to the remote disk. Add a pg_receivexlog tool to archive xlog file changes as they are written, rather than waiting for completed xlog files (Magnus Hagander) Send keepalive messages to standby servers (Simon Riggs) This allows administrators to accurately calculate streaming replication transfer and application latency. Allow streaming of xlog files while pg_basebackup is performing a backup (Magnus Hagander) This allows passing of xlog files to the standby before they are discarded on the primary. Allow pg_basebackup to pull from standby servers (Jun Ishizuka, Fujii Masao) Exclude the postmaster.opts file from pg_basebackup backups (Magnus Hagander) Improve columns labels produced by subqueries (Marti Raudsepp) Previously, the generic label ?column? was used. Preserve column names in row expressions (Andrew Dunstan, Tom Lane) Cancel queries if clients get disconnected (Florian Pflug) Silently ignore nonexistent schemas specified in search_path (Tom Lane) Warn about casts to and from domain types (Robert Haas) Such casts have no effect. When a row fails a CHECK or NOT NULL constraint, show the row's contents in errdetail (Jan Kundrát) This should make it easier to identify which row is problematic when an insert or update is processing many rows. Provide more reliable operation during concurrent DDL (Robert Haas, Noah Misch) Add CONCURRENTLY option to DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY (Simon Riggs) This allows index removal without blocking other sessions. Allow CHECK constraints to be declared NOT VALID (Álvaro Herrera) A NOT VALID CHECK constraint can be added to a table without the table's data being verified against the constraint. New rows are verified. Such constraints are ignored by the planner when considering constraint_exclusion. ALTER TABLE / VALIDATE allows NOT VALID CHECK check constraints to be fully validated and considered for constraint_exclusion, including re-planning of cached plans. Allow CHECK constraints to be declared NO INHERIT (Nikhil Sontakke, Alex Hunsaker) This makes them enforceable only on the parent table, not on child tables. Add the ability to rename constraints (Peter Eisentraut) Disallow merging of ONLY and non-ONLY constraints in child tables (Nikhil Sontakke) Such merging would cause unpredictable behavior in grandchild tables. Reduce need to rebuild tables and indexes for various ALTER TABLE operations (Noah Misch) DUPLICATE? Add IF EXIST clause to ALTER commands (Pavel Stehule) For example, ALTER FOREIGN TABLE IF EXISTS foo RENAME TO bar. Add ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER / RENAME and ALTER SERVER / RENAME (Peter Eisentraut) Add ALTER DOMAIN / RENAME (Peter Eisentraut) You could already rename domains using ALTER TYPE. Throw an error for ALTER DOMAIN / DROP CONSTRAINT on a nonexistent constraint (Peter Eisentraut) An IF EXISTS option has been added to enable the previous behavior. Fix CREATE TABLE ... AS EXECUTE to handle WITH NO DATA and column name specification (Tom Lane) Support CREATE TABLE (LIKE ...) from foreign tables and views (Peter Eisentraut) Allow CREATE TABLE (LIKE ...) from composite type (Peter Eisentraut) This also allows a table to be created whose schema matches a view. Tighten creation of tables in temporary schemas (Robert Haas, Amit Khandekar) Previously, it was possible to create unlogged tables in temporary schemas, and temporary tables in the temporary schemas of other sessions. Add a security_barrier option for views (KaiGai Kohei) This prevents security_barrier views from being moved into other scopes, preventing possible leakage of view-prohibited data. Such views might perform more poorly. Add a new LEAKPROOF function specification to mark functions that can be safely pushed down into security_barrier views (KaiGai Kohei) Add support for privileges on date types (Peter Eisentraut) This adds support for the SQL-conforming USAGE privilege on types and domains. The intent is to be able restrict which users can create dependencies on types, which restricts the way in which owners can alter types. Check for INSERT privileges in SELECT INTO / CREATE TABLE AS (KaiGai Kohei) Because the object is being created by SELECT INTO or CREATE TABLE AS, it will have default insert permissions, except if ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES has removed such permissions, hence the need for a permission check. Allow vacuum to more easily skip pages that cannot be locked (Simon Riggs, Robert Haas) This change should greatly reduce the incidence of vacuum getting "stuck". Make EXPLAIN (BUFFERS) track blocks dirtied and written (Robert Haas) Have EXPLAIN ANALYZE report the number of rows rejected by filter steps (Marko Tiikkaja) Allow EXPLAIN to avoid timing overhead when time values are unwanted (Tomas Vondra) This is accomplished by setting TIMING to FALSE. Add a JSON data type (Robert Haas) AUTHOR? This stores JSON data as text after proper validation. Add array_to_json() and row_to_json() (Andrew Dunstan) Add support for range data types (Jeff Davis, Tom Lane, Alexander Korotkov) The range data type records a lower and upper bound, and supports operations like contains, overlaps, and intersection. Add SMALLSERIAL data type (Mike Pultz) This is like SERIAL, except it stores the sequence in a two-byte integer column (int2). Allow domains to be declared NOT VALID (Álvaro Herrera) This can be set at domain creation time, or via ALTER DOMAIN / ADD CONSTRAINT / NOT VALID. ALTER DOMAIN / VALIDATE CONSTRAINT fully validates the domain. Support more locale-specific formatting options for the MONEY data type (Tom Lane) Specifically, display the plus/minus sign, currency symbol, and separators in a locale-specific order. CORRECT? Add bitwise "and", "or", and "not" operators for the macaddr data type (Brendan Jurd) Allow xpath() to return a single-element XML array when supplied a scalar value (Florian Pflug) Previously, it returned an empty array. This change will also cause xpath_exists() to return true, not false, for such expressions. Improve XML error handling to be more robust (Florian Pflug) Allow users to cancel queries in user-matching sessions using pg_cancel_backend() (Magnus Hagander, Josh Kupershmidt) Previously only the superuser could cancel queries. Allow string_agg() to process bytea values (Pavel Stehule) Allow regular expressions to use back-references (Tom Lane) For example, '^(\w+)( \1)+$'. Allow importing and exporting of transaction snapshots (Joachim Wieland, Tom Lane) Snapshots are exported via pg_export_snapshot(), and imported via SET TRANSACTION SNAPSHOT. Only snapshots of currently-running transactions can be imported. Support COLLATION FOR on expressions (Peter Eisentraut) This returns a string representing the collation of the expression. Add a NUMERIC variant of pg_size_pretty() for use with pg_xlog_location_diff() (Fujii Masao) Change default names of triggers to fire "action" triggers before "check" triggers (Tom Lane) This allows default-named check triggers to check post-action rows. Add a pg_trigger_depth() function (Kevin Grittner) This reports the current trigger call depth. Add pg_opfamily_is_visible() (Josh Kupershmidt) Allow per-column foreign data wrapper options and force_not_null (Shigeru Hanada) This allows SQL specification of per-column information useful to foreign data sources. Includes psql option display support. Improve pretty printing of view definitions (Andrew Dunstan) Add information_schema views role_udt_grants, udt_privileges, and user_defined_types (Peter Eisentraut) Add composite-type attributes to the information_schema.element_types view (Peter Eisentraut) Implement information schema interval_type columns (Peter Eisentraut) Add collation columns to various information schema views (Peter Eisentraut) Specifically, provide collation columns for views referencing attributes, columns, domains, and element_types. Add display of sequence USAGE privileges to information schema (Peter Eisentraut) Add a with_hierarchy column to the information schema privileges display (Peter Eisentraut) Have the information schema show default privileges (Peter Eisentraut) Previously, default permissions generated NULL fields. (WAS IT NULL?) Allow the PL/pgSQL OPEN cursor command to supply parameters by name (Yeb Havinga) Add a GET STACKED DIAGNOSTICS PL/pgSQL command to retrieve exception info (Pavel Stehule) Speed up PL/pgSQL array assignment by caching type information (Pavel Stehule) Improve performance and memory consumption of the PL/pgSQL ELSIF clauses (Tom Lane) Output the function signature, not just the name, in PL/pgSQL error messages (Pavel Stehule) Add PL/Python SPI cursor support (Jan Urbanski) This allows PL/Python to read partial result sets. Add result metadata functions to PL/Python (Peter Eisentraut) Specifically, this adds result object functions .colnames, .coltypes, and .coltypmods. Allow SQL-language functions to reference parameters by name (Matthew Draper) To use this, simply name the function arguments and reference the argument names in the SQL function body. Add initdb options --auth-local and --auth-host (Peter Eisentraut) This allows individual control of local and host pg_hba.conf authentication settings. --auth still controls both. Add --replication/--no-replication flags to createuser to control replication permission (Fujii Masao) Add the --if-exists option to dropdb and dropuser (Josh Kupershmidt) Give command-line tools the ability to specify the name of the database to connect to, and fall back to template1 if a postgres database connection fails (Robert Haas) Add psql mode to auto-expand output based on the display width (Peter Eisentraut) This adds the auto option to the \x command, which switches to the expanded mode when the normal output would be wider than the screen. Allow inclusion of psql files relative to the directory of the input file from which it was invoked (Gurjeet Singh) The psql command is \ir. Add support for non-ASCII characters in psql variable names (Tom Lane) Add support for major-version-specific .psqlrc files (Bruce Momjian) psql already supported minor-version-specific .psqlrc files. Provide environment variable overrides for psql history and startup file locations (Andrew Dunstan) Specifically, PSQL_HISTORY and PSQLRC. Add a psql \setenv command to modify the environment variables used by child processes (Andrew Dunstan) This is useful in .psqlrc files. Have psql temporary editor files use a .sql extension (Peter Eisentraut) Allows psql to use zero-byte field and record separators (Peter Eisentraut) Various shell tools use zero/null-byte separators, e.g. find. Have psql \timing report times for failed queries (Magnus Hagander) Previously only successful query times were reported. Unify and tighten psql treatment of \copy and plain COPY (Noah Misch) This makes failure behavior more predictable and honors \set ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK. Make psql \d on a sequence show the table/column name owning it (Magnus Hagander) Show statistics target for columns in psql \d+ (Magnus Hagander) Show role password expiration dates in psql \du (Fabrízio de Royes Mello) Allow psql to display comments for languages and casts (Josh Kupershmidt) These are output via \dL and \dC. Allow psql to display comments for conversions and domains (Josh Kupershmidt) This is accomplished with the addition of + to \dc and \dD commands. Allow psql to display the comments on SQL/MED objects in verbose mode (Josh Kupershmidt) Change psql's \dd command to display only objects without their own backslash command (Josh Kupershmidt) In psql tab completion, complete SQL keywords based on COMP_KEYWORD_CASE setting and the perhaps case of the partially-supplied word (Peter Eisentraut) Add psql tab completion support for EXECUTE (Andreas Karlsson) Allow tab completion of role references in GRANT/REVOKE (Peter Eisentraut) Allow tab completion of file names to supply quotes, when necessary (Noah Misch) Change psql tab completion support for TABLE to also display views (Magnus Hagander) Add an --exclude-table-data option to pg_dump (Andrew Dunstan) This allows dumping of a table's definition but not its data, on a per-table basis. Add a --section option to pg_dump and pg_restore (Andrew Dunstan) Valid values are pre-data, data, and post-data. The option can be given more than once. --schema-only is equivalent to --section=pre-data --section=post-data. --data-only is equivalent to --section=data. Have pg_dumpall dump all roles first, then all configuration settings on roles (Phil Sorber) This allows a role's configuration settings to rely on other roles without generating an error. Allow pg_dumpall to avoid errors if the postgres database is missing in the new cluster (Robert Haas) Dump foreign server user mappings in user name order (Peter Eisentraut) This helps produce deterministic dump files. Dump operators in a predictable order (Peter Eisentraut) Tighten rules for when extension configuration tables are dumped by pg_dump (Tom Lane) Add URIs support to libpq connection functions (Alexander Shulgin) The syntax begins with postgres://. Add a libpq connection option to disable SSL compression (Laurenz Albe) This can be used to remove the overhead of SSL compression on fast networks. Add a row processor API to libpq for better handling of large result sets (Kyotaro Horiguchi) Previously, libpq collected the entire query result into memory before passing it back to the application. Enhance const qualifiers in the libpq functions PQconnectdbParams, PQconnectStartParams, and PQpingParams (Lionel Elie Mamane) Allow libpq's .pgpass file to process escaped characters in the password field (Robert Haas) Have library functions use abort() instead of exit() to terminate the executable (Peter Eisentraut) This does not interfere with the normal exit codes used by the program, and generates a signal that can be caught by the caller. Fix a libpq memory leak by freeing client encoding connection parameters (Peter Eisentraut) Add support for building with MS Visual Studio 2010 (Brar Piening) Enable compiling with the MinGW-w64 32-bit compiler (Lars Kanis) Install plpgsql.h into include/server during installation (Heikki Linnakangas) Use C flexible array members, where supported (Peter Eisentraut) Improve the concurrent transaction regression tests (isolationtester) (Noah Misch) Modify thread_test to create its test files in the current directory, rather than /tmp (Bruce Momjian) Improve flex and bison warning and error reporting (Tom Lane) Add memory barrier support (Robert Haas) This is currently unused. Modify pgindent to use a typedef file (Bruce Momjian) Add a hook for processing messages due to be sent to the server log (Martin Pihlak) Add object access hooks for DROP commands (KaiGai Kohei) Centralize DROP handling for some object types (KaiGai Kohei) Add a pg_upgrade test suite (Peter Eisentraut) Sync regular expression code with TCL 8.5.11 and improve internal processing (Tom Lane) Move CRC tables to libpgport, and provide them in a separate include file (Daniel Farina) Add options to git_changelog for use in major release note creation (Bruce Momjian) Remove dead ports (Peter Eisentraut) The removed ports are: dgux, nextstep, sunos4, svr4, ultrix4, univel, bsdi. Improve efficiency of dblink by using libpq's new row processor API (Kyotaro Horiguchi) This cannot be used by dblink_send_query()/dblink_get_result(). Add tcn (triggered change notification) to generate NOTIFY events on table changes (Kevin Grittner) Implement dry-run mode for pg_archivecleanup (Gabriele Bartolini) This only outputs the names of files to be deleted. Add new pgbench switches --unlogged-tables, --tablespace, and --index-tablespace (Robert Haas) Have vacuumlo remove large objects in batches, to reduce locking (Tim Lewis, Tom Lane) The new -l option allows changing the number of large objects removed per transaction. Change pg_test_fsync to test for a fixed amount of time, rather than a fixed number of cycles (Bruce Momjian) The -o/cycles option was removed, and -s/seconds added. Add a pg_test_timing utility to measure clock monotonicity and timing overhead (Ants Aasma, Greg Smith) Allow pg_upgrade to upgrade an old cluster that does not have a postgres database (Bruce Momjian) Allow pg_upgrade to handle cases where some old or new databases are missing, as long as they are empty (Bruce Momjian) Allow pg_upgrade to handle configuration-only directory installations (Bruce Momjian) In pg_upgrade, add -o/-O options to pass parameters to the servers (Bruce Momjian) This is useful for configuration-only directory installs. Change pg_upgrade to use port 50432 by default (Bruce Momjian) This helps avoid unintended client connections during the upgrade. Overhaul pg_upgrade logging and failure reporting (Bruce Momjian) Create four append-only log files, and delete them on success. Add -r/--retain option to unconditionally retain these files. Also remove pg_upgrade options -g/-G/-l options as unnecessary, and tighten log file permissions. Adjust pg_upgrade environment variables (Bruce Momjian) Rename data, bin, and port environment variables to begin with PG, and support PGPORTOLD/PGPORTNEW, to replace PGPORT. INCOMPATIBILITY? Have pg_upgrade create a script to incrementally generate more accurate optimizer statistics (Bruce Momjian) This reduces the time needed to generate minimal cluster statistics after an upgrade. Reduce cluster locking in pg_upgrade (Bruce Momjian) Specifically, only lock the old cluster if link mode is used, and do it right after the schema is restored. Improve pg_stat_statements to aggregate similar queries (Peter Geoghegan, Tom Lane) Add dirtied and written block counts and read/write times to pg_stat_statements (Robert Haas, Ants Aasma) Prevent pg_stat_statements from double-counting PREPARE and EXECUTE commands (Tom Lane) Support SECURITY LABEL on global objects (KaiGai Kohei, Robert Haas) Specifically, add SECURITY LABELs to databases, tablespaces, and roles. Allow sepgsql to honor database labels (KaiGai Kohei) Perform sepgsql permission checks during the creation of various objects (KaiGai Kohei) Add sepgsql_setcon() and related functions to control the sepgsql security domain (KaiGai Kohei) Add a userspace access cache to sepgsql to improve performance (KaiGai Kohei) Add a rule to optionally build docs with the stylesheet from the website (Magnus Hagander) Use make STYLE=website draft. Improve EXPLAIN documentation (Tom Lane) Document that user/database names are preserved with double-quoting by command-line tools like vacuumdb (Bruce Momjian) Improve the foreign data wrapper API and documentation (Hanada Shigeru) Document the actual string returned by the client for MD5 authentication (Cyan Ogilvie)