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<span data-v-34dbfd23><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div> <!----></nav> <ul class="sidebar-links"><li><div class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading open"><span>Web Testing</span> <span class="arrow open"></span></p> <ul class="sidebar-links sidebar-group-items"><li><a href="/basics/" class="sidebar-link">Getting Started</a></li><li><a href="/ui/" class="sidebar-link">CodeceptUI</a></li><li><a href="/playwright/" class="sidebar-link">Testing with Playwright</a></li><li><a href="/webdriver/" class="sidebar-link">Testing with WebDriver</a></li><li><a href="/puppeteer/" class="sidebar-link">Testing with Puppeteer</a></li><li><a href="/api/" class="sidebar-link">API Testing</a></li><li><a href="/testcafe/" class="sidebar-link">Testing with TestCafe</a></li></ul></div></li><li><div class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>Mobile Testing</span> <span class="arrow"></span></p> <!----></div></li><li><div class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>Organizing Tests</span> <span class="arrow"></span></p> <!----></div></li><li><div class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>Advanced Usage</span> <span class="arrow"></span></p> <!----></div></li></ul> </aside> <main class="page"><div class="article-title">Testing with Protractor</div> <div class="post"><article><div class="theme-default-content content__default"><h1 id="protractor-testing-with-codeceptjs"><a href="#protractor-testing-with-codeceptjs" class="header-anchor">#</a> Protractor Testing with CodeceptJS</h1> <h2 id="introduction"><a href="#introduction" class="header-anchor">#</a> Introduction</h2> <p>CodeceptJS is an acceptance testing framework. In the diversified world of JavaScript testing libraries, it aims to create a unified high-level API for end-to-end testing, powered by a variety of backends.
CodeceptJS allows you to write a test and switch the execution driver via config: whether it's <em>wedriverio</em>, <em>puppeteer</em>, or <em>protractor</em> depends on you.
This way you aren't bound to a specific implementation, and your acceptance tests will work no matter what framework is running them.</p> <p><a href="http://www.protractortest.org/#/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Protractor<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a> is an official tool for testing AngularJS applications.
CodeceptJS should not be considered as alternative to Protractor, but rather a testing framework that leverages this powerful library.</p> <p><img src="/img/angular-protractor.png" alt="angular-protractor"></p> <p>There is no magic in testing of AngularJS application in CodeceptJS.
You just execute regular Protractor commands, packaged into a simple, high-level API.</p> <p><img src="/img/todo.png" alt="todo-mvc"></p> <p>As an example, we will use the popular <a href="http://todomvc.com/examples/angularjs/#/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">TodoMVC application<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>.
How would we test creating a new todo item using CodeceptJS?</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token function">Scenario</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'create todo item'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter"><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">I</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">amOnPage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'/'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">dontSeeElement</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'#todo-count'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fillField</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token literal-property property">model</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'newTodo'</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'Write a guide'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pressKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'Enter'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">see</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'Write a guide'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token literal-property property">repeater</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"todo in todos"</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">see</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'1 item left'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'#todo-count'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre></div><p>A similar test written using Protractor's native syntax (inherited from selenium-webdriver) would look like this:</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token function">it</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'should create todo item'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter"><span class="token constant">I</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
browser<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"http://todomvc.com/examples/angularjs/#/"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">expect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">element</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>by<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">css</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"#todo-count"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">isPresent</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBeFalsy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">var</span> inputField <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">element</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>by<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">model</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"newTodo"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
inputField<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendKeys</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Write a guide"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
inputField<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendKeys</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>protractor<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Key<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token constant">ENTER</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">var</span> todos <span class="token operator">=</span> element<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">all</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>by<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">repeater</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"todo in todos"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">expect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>todos<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">last</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getText</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toEqual</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Write a guide"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">element</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>by<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">css</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"#todo-count"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getText</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toContain</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'1 items left'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre></div><p>Compared to the API proposed by CodeceptJS, the Protractor code looks more complicated.
Even more important, it's harder to read and follow the logic of the Protractor test.
Readability is a crucial part of acceptance testing.
Tests should be easy to modify when there are changes in the specification or design.
If the test is written in Protractor, it would likely require someone familiar with Protractor to make the change, whereas CodeceptJS allows anyone to understand and modify the test.
CodeceptJS provides scenario-driven approach, so a test is just a step-by-step representation of real user actions.
This means you can easily read and understand the steps in a test scenario, and edit the steps when the test needs to be changed.</p> <p>In this way, CodeceptJS is similar to Cucumber. If you run a test with <code>--steps</code> option you will see this output:</p> <div class="language-bash extra-class"><pre class="language-bash"><code>TodoMvc --
create todo item
• I am on page <span class="token string">"/"</span>
• I dont see element <span class="token string">"#todo-count"</span>
• I fill field <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"model"</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span><span class="token string">"newTodo"</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>, <span class="token string">"Write a guide"</span>
• I press key <span class="token string">"Enter"</span>
• I see <span class="token string">"Write a guide"</span>, <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"repeater"</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span><span class="token string">"todo in todos"</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
• I see <span class="token string">"1 item left"</span>, <span class="token string">"#todo-count"</span>
✓ OK <span class="token keyword">in</span> 968ms
</code></pre></div><p>Unlike Cucumber, CodeceptJS is not about writing test scenarios to satisfy business rules or requirements.
Instead, its <strong>goal is to provide standard action steps you can use for testing applications</strong>.
Although it can't cover 100% of use cases, CodeceptJS aims for 90%. For the remainder, you can write your own steps inside a <a href="http://codecept.io/helpers/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">custom Helper<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a> using Protractor's API.</p> <h3 id="setting-up-codeceptjs-with-protractor"><a href="#setting-up-codeceptjs-with-protractor" class="header-anchor">#</a> Setting up CodeceptJS with Protractor</h3> <p>To start using CodeceptJS you will need to install it via NPM and initialize it in a directory with tests.</p> <div class="language-bash extra-class"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">npm</span> <span class="token function">install</span> codeceptjs <span class="token parameter variable">--save</span>
npx codeceptjs init
</code></pre></div><p>You will be asked questions about the initial configuration, make sure you select the Protractor helper.
If your project didn't already have the Protractor library, it <strong>will be installed</strong> as part of this process.
Please agree to extend steps, and use <code>http://todomvc.com/examples/angularjs/</code> as the url for Protractor helper.</p> <p>For TodoMVC application, you will have following config created in the <code>codecept.conf.js</code> file:</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code>exports<span class="token punctuation">.</span>config <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">tests</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'./*_test.js'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">timeout</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">10000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">output</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'./output'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">helpers</span><span class="token operator">:</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">Protractor</span><span class="token operator">:</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">url</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'http://todomvc.com/examples/angularjs/'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">driver</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'hosted'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">browser</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'chrome'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">rootElement</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'body'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">include</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'./steps_file.js'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">bootstrap</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">mocha</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">name</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'todoangular'</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>Your first test can be generated with the <code>gt</code> command:</p> <div class="language-bash extra-class"><pre class="language-bash"><code>npx codeceptjs gt
</code></pre></div><p>After that, you can start writing your first CodeceptJS/Angular tests.
Please refer to the <a href="http://codecept.io/helpers/Protractor/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Protractor helper<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a> documentation for a list of all available actions.
You can also run the <code>list</code> command to see methods of I:</p> <div class="language-bash extra-class"><pre class="language-bash"><code>npx codeceptjs list
</code></pre></div><h2 id="starting-selenium-server"><a href="#starting-selenium-server" class="header-anchor">#</a> Starting Selenium Server</h2> <p>Protractor requires Selenium Server to be started and running. To start and stop Selenium automatically install <code>@wdio/selenium-standalone-service</code>.</p> <div class="language- extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code>npm i @wdio/selenium-standalone-service --save
</code></pre></div><p>Enable it in the <code>codecept.conf.js</code> file, inside the plugins section:</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code>exports<span class="token punctuation">.</span>config <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// ...</span>
<span class="token comment">// inside codecept.conf.js</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">plugins</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">wdio</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">enabled</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">services</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'selenium-standalone'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><h2 id="testing-non-angular-applications"><a href="#testing-non-angular-applications" class="header-anchor">#</a> Testing non-Angular Applications</h2> <p>Protractor can also be used to test applications built without AngularJS. In this case, you need to disable the angular synchronization feature inside the config:</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token literal-property property">helpers</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">Protractor</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">url</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"http://todomvc.com/examples/angularjs/"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">driver</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"hosted"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">browser</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"firefox"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">angular</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><h2 id="writing-your-first-test"><a href="#writing-your-first-test" class="header-anchor">#</a> Writing Your First Test</h2> <p>Your test scenario should always use the <code>I</code> object to execute commands.
This is important, as all methods of <code>I</code> are running in the global promise chain. This way, CodeceptJS makes sure everything is executed in right order.
To start with opening a webpage, use the <code>amOnPage</code> command for. Since we already specified the full URL to the TodoMVC app, we can pass the relative path for our url, instead of the absolute url:</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token function">Feature</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'Todo MVC'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">Scenario</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'create todo item'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter"><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">I</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">amOnPage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'/'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre></div><p>All scenarios should describe actions on the site, with assertions at the end. In CodeceptJS, assertion commands have the <code>see</code> or <code>dontSee</code> prefix:</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token function">Feature</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'Todo MVC'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">Scenario</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'create todo item'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter"><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">I</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">amOnPage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'/'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">dontSeeElement</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'#todo-count'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre></div><p>A test can be executed with the <code>run</code> command, we recommend using the <code>--steps</code> option to print out the step-by-step execution:</p> <div class="language-sh extra-class"><pre class="language-sh"><code>npx codeceptjs run <span class="token parameter variable">--steps</span>
</code></pre></div><div class="language- extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code>Test root is assumed to be /home/davert/demos/todoangular
Using the selenium server at http://localhost:4444/wd/hub
TodoMvc --
create todo item
• I am on page "/"
• I dont see element "#todo-count"
</code></pre></div><h2 id="running-several-scenarios"><a href="#running-several-scenarios" class="header-anchor">#</a> Running Several Scenarios</h2> <p>By now, you should have a test similar to the one shown in the beginning of this guide. We probably want to have multiple tests though, like testing the editing of todo items, checking todo items, etc.</p> <p>Let's prepare our test to contain multiple scenarios. All of our test scenarios will need to to start with with the main page of application open, so <code>amOnPage</code> can be moved into the <code>Before</code> hook:
Our scenarios will also probably deal with created todo items, so we can move the logic of creating a new todo into a function.</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token function">Feature</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'TodoMvc'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">Before</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter"><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">I</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">amOnPage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'/'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">createTodo</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter"><span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> name</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fillField</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token literal-property property">model</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'newTodo'</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> name<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pressKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'Enter'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token function">Scenario</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'create todo item'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter"><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">I</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">dontSeeElement</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'#todo-count'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">createTodo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'Write a guide'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">see</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'Write a guide'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token literal-property property">repeater</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"todo in todos"</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">see</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'1 item left'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'#todo-count'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre></div><p>and now we can add even more tests!</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token function">Scenario</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'edit todo'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter"><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">I</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token function">createTodo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'write a review'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">see</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'write a review'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token literal-property property">repeater</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"todo in todos"</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">doubleClick</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'write a review'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pressKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'Control'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'a'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pressKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'write old review'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pressKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'Enter'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">see</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'write old review'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token literal-property property">repeater</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"todo in todos"</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">Scenario</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'check todo item'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter"><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">I</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token function">createTodo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'my new item'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">see</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'1 item left'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'#todo-count'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">checkOption</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token literal-property property">model</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'todo.completed'</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">see</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'0 items left'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'#todo-count'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre></div><blockquote><p>This example is <a href="https://github.com/DavertMik/codeceptjs-angular-todomvc" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">available on GitHub<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>.</p></blockquote> <h2 id="locators"><a href="#locators" class="header-anchor">#</a> Locators</h2> <p>You may have noticed that CodeceptJS doesn't use <code>by.*</code> locators which are common in Protractor or Selenium Webdriver.
Instead, most methods expect you to pass valid CSS selectors or XPath. If you don't want CodeceptJS to guess the locator type, then you can specify the type using <em>strict locators</em>. This is the CodeceptJS version of <code>by</code>, so you can also reuse your angular specific locators (like models, repeaters, bindings, etc):</p> <div class="language-sh extra-class"><pre class="language-sh"><code><span class="token punctuation">{</span>css: <span class="token string">'button'</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>repeater: <span class="token string">"todo in todos"</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>binding: <span class="token string">'latest'</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>When dealing with clicks, we can specify a text value. CodeceptJS will use that value to search the web page for a valid clickable element containing our specified text.
This enables us to search for links and buttons by their text.</p> <p>The same is true for form fields: they can be searched by field name, label, and so on.</p> <p>Using smart locators makes tests easier to write, however searching an element by text is slower than searching via CSS|XPath, and is much slower than using strict locators.</p> <h2 id="refactoring"><a href="#refactoring" class="header-anchor">#</a> Refactoring</h2> <p>In the previous examples, we moved actions into the <code>createTodo</code> function. Is there a more elegant way of refactoring?
Can we instead write a function like <code>I.createTodo()</code> which we can reuse? In fact, we can do so by editing the <code>steps_file.js</code> file created by the init command.</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token comment">// in this file you can append custom step methods to 'I' object</span>
module<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function-variable function">exports</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">actor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token function-variable function">createTodo</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">title</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fillField</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token literal-property property">model</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'newTodo'</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> title<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pressKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'Enter'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>That's it, our method is now available to use as <code>I.createTodo(title)</code>:</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token function">Scenario</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'create todo item'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter"><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token constant">I</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">dontSeeElement</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'#todo-count'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createTodo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'Write a guide'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">see</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'Write a guide'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token literal-property property">repeater</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"todo in todos"</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">see</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'1 item left'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'#todo-count'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre></div><p>To learn more about refactoring options in CodeceptJS read <a href="http://codecept.io/pageobjects/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">PageObjects guide<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>.</p> <h2 id="extending"><a href="#extending" class="header-anchor">#</a> Extending</h2> <p>What if CodeceptJS doesn't provide some specific Protractor functionality you need? If you don't know how to do something with CodeceptJS, you can simply revert back to using Protractor syntax!</p> <p>Create a custom helper, define methods for it, and use it inside the I object. Your Helper can access <code>browser</code> from Protractor
by accessing the Protractor helper:</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> browser <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>helpers<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'Protractor'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>browser<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre></div><p>or use global <code>element</code> and <code>by</code> variables to locate elements:</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code>element<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">all</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>by<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">repeater</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'result in memory'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre></div><p>This is the recommended way to implement all custom logic using low-level Protractor syntax in order to reuse it inside of test scenarios.
For more information, see an <a href="http://codecept.io/helpers/#protractor-example" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">example of such a helper<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>.</p></div></article></div> <div class="page-edit"><div class="edit-link"><a href="https://github.com/codeceptjs/codeceptjs/edit/3.x/docs/angular.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Help us improve this page!</a> <span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></div> <div class="last-updated"><span class="prefix">Last Updated:</span> <span class="time">10/21/2020, 3:19:08 AM</span></div></div> <!----> <div class="banner" data-v-436508ca><a href="https://opencollective.com/codeceptjs" data-v-436508ca>CodeceptJS is on OpenCollective! Support us 💖</a></div> <footer data-v-5616cc4e><section data-v-5616cc4e><div class="col" data-v-5616cc4e><h4 data-v-5616cc4e>Docs</h4> <ul data-v-5616cc4e><li data-v-5616cc4e><a href="/quickstart" data-v-5616cc4e>Quickstart</a></li> <li data-v-5616cc4e><a href="/basics" data-v-5616cc4e>Getting Started</a></li> <li data-v-5616cc4e><a href="/playwright" data-v-5616cc4e>CodeceptJS & Playwright</a></li> <li data-v-5616cc4e><a href="/puppeteer" data-v-5616cc4e>CodeceptJS & WebDriver</a></li></ul></div> <div class="col" data-v-5616cc4e><h4 data-v-5616cc4e>Community</h4> <ul data-v-5616cc4e><li data-v-5616cc4e><a href="https://github.com/codeceptjs/CodeceptJS" data-v-5616cc4e>GitHub</a></li> <li data-v-5616cc4e><a href="https://github.com/codeceptjs/CodeceptJS/discussions" data-v-5616cc4e>GitHub discussions</a></li> <li data-v-5616cc4e><a href="https://bit.ly/chat-codeceptjs" data-v-5616cc4e>Slack Chat</a></li> <li data-v-5616cc4e><a href="https://codecept.discourse.group/" data-v-5616cc4e>Forum</a></li> <li data-v-5616cc4e><a href="https://twitter.com/codeceptjs" data-v-5616cc4e>Twitter</a></li></ul></div> <div class="col" data-v-5616cc4e><h4 class="important" data-v-5616cc4e>Commercial Support</h4> <ul data-v-5616cc4e><li data-v-5616cc4e><a href="https://sdclabs.com/codeceptjs?utm_source=codecept.io&utm_medium=footer&utm_term=link&utm_campaign=reference" data-v-5616cc4e>Consulting</a></li> <li data-v-5616cc4e><a href="https://sdclabs.com/trainings/web-automation-codeceptjs?utm_source=codecept.io&utm_medium=top_menu&utm_term=link&utm_campaign=reference" data-v-5616cc4e>Trainings</a></li> <li data-v-5616cc4e><a href="https://sdclabs.com/#services" data-v-5616cc4e>Hire Engineers</a></li></ul></div> <div class="col" data-v-5616cc4e><a href="https://testomat.io" data-v-5616cc4e><h4 data-v-5616cc4e>Try Testomat.io →</h4> <p data-v-5616cc4e>Powerful <b data-v-5616cc4e>Test Case Management</b> for CodeceptJS from its authors</p></a></div></section> <div class="copyright" data-v-5616cc4e><h5 data-v-5616cc4e>CodeceptJS - supercharged end 2 end testing framework for NodeJS</h5>
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