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<span data-v-34dbfd23><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div> <!----></nav> <ul class="sidebar-links"><li><div class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>Web Testing</span> <span class="arrow"></span></p> <!----></div></li><li><div class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>Mobile Testing</span> <span class="arrow"></span></p> <!----></div></li><li><div class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>Organizing Tests</span> <span class="arrow"></span></p> <!----></div></li><li><div class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading open"><span>Advanced Usage</span> <span class="arrow open"></span></p> <ul class="sidebar-links sidebar-group-items"><li><a href="/advanced/" class="sidebar-link">Advanced Usage</a></li><li><a href="/bootstrap/" class="sidebar-link">Bootstrap</a></li><li><a href="/reports/" class="sidebar-link">Reporters</a></li><li><a href="/continuous-integration/" class="sidebar-link">Continuous Integration</a></li><li><a href="/parallel/" class="sidebar-link">Parallel Execution</a></li><li><a href="/visual/" class="sidebar-link">Visual Testing</a></li><li><a href="/email/" aria-current="page" class="active sidebar-link">Email Testing</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers" data-v-a68ca4e6><li class="sidebar-sub-header" data-v-a68ca4e6><a href="/email/#installation" class="sidebar-link">Installation</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header" data-v-a68ca4e6><a href="/email/#creating-mailbox" class="sidebar-link">Creating Mailbox</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header" data-v-a68ca4e6><a href="/email/#receiving-an-email" class="sidebar-link">Receiving An Email</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header" data-v-a68ca4e6><a href="/email/#opening-an-email" class="sidebar-link">Opening An Email</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header" data-v-a68ca4e6><a href="/email/#assertions" class="sidebar-link">Assertions</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header" data-v-a68ca4e6><a href="/email/#listing-all-emails" class="sidebar-link">Listing All Emails</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header" data-v-a68ca4e6><a href="/email/#sending-an-email" class="sidebar-link">Sending an Email</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/secrets.html" class="sidebar-link">Secrets</a></li><li><a href="/hooks/" class="sidebar-link">Extending CodeceptJS</a></li><li><a href="/internal-api/" class="sidebar-link">Internal API</a></li><li><a href="/react/" class="sidebar-link">Testing React Applications</a></li><li><a href="/ai/" class="sidebar-link">Testing with AI 🪄</a></li><li><a href="/heal.html" class="sidebar-link">Self-Healing Tests</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> </aside> <main class="page"><div class="article-title">Email Testing</div> <div class="post"><article><div class="theme-default-content content__default"><h1 id="email-testing"><a href="#email-testing" class="header-anchor">#</a> Email Testing</h1> <p>In End 2 End testing we need to interact with emails.
Email delivery can't be tested locally or mocked while testing.
That's why for an end to end test you need real emails to be sent and real email address to receive that emails.</p> <p>Setting up an email server can be hard. So we recommend to use <a href="https://mailslurp.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">MailSlurp<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a> - a service designed for testing emails. It creates disposable mailboxes and provides you an access to those mailboxes via REST API.</p> <blockquote><p>You no longer need to open your gmail account in a browser to check for an email!</p></blockquote> <h2 id="installation"><a href="#installation" class="header-anchor">#</a> Installation</h2> <p>MailSlurp is a commercial service with a free plan available. To start, <a href="https://app.mailslurp.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">create an account at MailSlurp<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a> and receive API key to use it. Once received install mailslurp helper from npm:</p> <div class="language- extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code>npm i @codeceptjs/mailslurp-helper --save-dev
</code></pre></div><p>Then enable a helper in <code>codecept.conf.js</code>:</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token literal-property property">helpers</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">MailSlurp</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">require</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'@codeceptjs/mailslurp-helper'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">apiKey</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'<apiKeyFromMailSlurp>'</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>After a helper is added, regenerate TypeScript definitions for auto-completion support:</p> <div class="language- extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code>npx codeceptjs def
</code></pre></div><h2 id="creating-mailbox"><a href="#creating-mailbox" class="header-anchor">#</a> Creating Mailbox</h2> <p>MailSlurp allows you to create disposable mailboxes. It means that an email address is created for one test only and is deleted afterwards. So you can be confident that no other emails are received at that address.</p> <p>To create a mailbox use <code>I.haveNewMailbox()</code> command:</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token comment">// inside async/await function</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> mailbox <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">haveNewMailbox</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div><p>mailbox object contains:</p> <ul><li><code>id</code> - which is used in next commands</li> <li><code>emailAddress</code> - randomly generated address of a created mailbox.</li></ul> <blockquote><p>See <a href="https://www.mailslurp.com/guides/getting-started/#create-email-addresses" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">MailSlurp's guide<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a> for details.</p></blockquote> <p>Mailbox is opened on creation. If you need more than one mailbox and you want to switch between them use <code>openMailbox</code> method:</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> mailbox1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">haveNewMailbox</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> mailbox2 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">haveNewMailbox</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment">// mailbox2 is now default mailbox</span>
<span class="token comment">// switch back to mailbox1</span>
<span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">openMailbox</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mailbox1<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div><h2 id="receiving-an-email"><a href="#receiving-an-email" class="header-anchor">#</a> Receiving An Email</h2> <p>A last created mailbox will be activated. It means that it will be used by default to check for emails.</p> <p>After an action that triggers sending an email is performed on a website, you should wait for this email to be received.
A timeout for waiting an email can be set globally for a helper or for a one call.</p> <p>Use <code>waitForLatestEmail</code> function to return the first email from a mailbox:</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token comment">// to wait for default time (10 secs by default)</span>
<span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">waitForLatestEmail</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment">// or specify number of time to wait</span>
<span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">waitForLatestEmail</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">30</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div><p>To specify the exact email to match use <code>waitForEmailMatching</code> function:</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token comment">// wait for an email with partial match in subject</span>
<span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">waitForEmailMatching</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">subject</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'Restore password'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment">// wait 30 seconds for email with exact subject</span>
<span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">waitForEmailMatching</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">subject</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'=Forgot password'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">30</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment">// wait a last email from any address @mysite.com</span>
<span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">waitForEmailMatching</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">from</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'@mysite.com'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// find anything from mysite</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">subject</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'Restore password'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// with Restore password in subject</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div><h2 id="opening-an-email"><a href="#opening-an-email" class="header-anchor">#</a> Opening An Email</h2> <p>All wait* functions return a matched email as a result. So you can use it in a test:</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> email <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">waitForLatestEmail</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div><blockquote><p>Please note, that we use <code>await</code> to assign email. This should be declared inside async function</p></blockquote> <p>An <code>email</code> object contains the following fields:</p> <ul><li><code>subject</code></li> <li><code>for</code></li> <li><code>to</code></li> <li><code>body</code></li></ul> <p>So you can analyze them inside a test. For instance, you can extract an URL from email body and open it.
This is how we can emulate "click on this link" behavior in email:</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token comment">// clicking a link in email</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> email <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">waitForLatestEmail</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment">// extract a link by RegExp</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> url <span class="token operator">=</span> email<span class="token punctuation">.</span>body<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">match</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token regex"><span class="token regex-delimiter">/</span><span class="token regex-source language-regex">http(s):\/\/(.*?)\s</span><span class="token regex-delimiter">/</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token comment">// open URL</span>
<span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">amOnPage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>url<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div><h2 id="assertions"><a href="#assertions" class="header-anchor">#</a> Assertions</h2> <p>Assertions are performed on the currently opened email. Email is opened on <code>waitFor</code> email call, however, you can open an exact email by using <code>openEmail</code> function.</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> email1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">waitForLatestEmail</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment">// test proceeds...</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> email2 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">waitForLatestEmail</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">openEmail</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>email1<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// open previous email</span>
</code></pre></div><p>After opening an email assertion methods are available.</p> <ul><li><code>seeInEmailSubject</code></li> <li><code>seeEmailIsFrom</code></li> <li><code>seeInEmailBody</code></li> <li><code>dontSeeInEmailBody</code></li> <li><code>seeNumberOfEmailAttachments</code></li> <li><code>seeEmailAttachment</code></li></ul> <p>And here is an example of their usage:</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">waitForLatestEmail</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">seeEmailIsFrom</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'@mysite.com'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">seeInEmailSubject</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'Awesome Proposal!'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">seeInEmailBody</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'To unsubscribe click here'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">seeNumberOfEmailAttachments</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">seeEmailAttachment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'Attachment_1.pdf'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// Regular expression. Escape special characters like '(' or ')' in filename.</span>
<span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">seeEmailAttachment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'Attachment_2.pdf'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div><blockquote><p>More methods are listed in <a href="https://github.com/codeceptjs/mailslurp-helper/blob/master/README.md#api" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">helper's API reference<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></p></blockquote> <h2 id="listing-all-emails"><a href="#listing-all-emails" class="header-anchor">#</a> Listing All Emails</h2> <p>Use <code>grabAllEmailsFromMailbox</code> to get all emails from a current mailbox:</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> emails <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">grabAllEmailsFromMailbox</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div><h2 id="sending-an-email"><a href="#sending-an-email" class="header-anchor">#</a> Sending an Email</h2> <p>You can also send an email from an active mailbox:</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token constant">I</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendEmail</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">to</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'[email protected]'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">subject</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'Hello'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">body</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'World'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div></div></article></div> <div class="page-edit"><div class="edit-link"><a href="https://github.com/codeceptjs/codeceptjs/edit/3.x/docs/email.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Help us improve this page!</a> <span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></div> <div class="last-updated"><span class="prefix">Last Updated:</span> <span class="time">2/10/2025, 4:33:39 AM</span></div></div> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev">
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