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Delegate.xml
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<Type Name="Delegate" FullName="System.Delegate">
<TypeSignature Language="C#" Value="public abstract class Delegate" FrameworkAlternate="dotnet-uwp-10.0;netcore-1.0;netcore-1.1;netstandard-1.0;netstandard-1.1;netstandard-1.2;netstandard-1.3;netstandard-1.4;netstandard-1.5;netstandard-1.6" />
<TypeSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".class public auto ansi abstract beforefieldinit Delegate extends System.Object" FrameworkAlternate="dotnet-uwp-10.0;netcore-1.0;netcore-1.1;netstandard-1.0;netstandard-1.1;netstandard-1.2;netstandard-1.3;netstandard-1.4;netstandard-1.5;netstandard-1.6" />
<TypeSignature Language="DocId" Value="T:System.Delegate" />
<TypeSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Public MustInherit Class Delegate" FrameworkAlternate="dotnet-uwp-10.0;netcore-1.0;netcore-1.1;netstandard-1.0;netstandard-1.1;netstandard-1.2;netstandard-1.3;netstandard-1.4;netstandard-1.5;netstandard-1.6" />
<TypeSignature Language="F#" Value="type Delegate = class" FrameworkAlternate="dotnet-uwp-10.0;netcore-1.0;netcore-1.1;netstandard-1.0;netstandard-1.1;netstandard-1.2;netstandard-1.3;netstandard-1.4;netstandard-1.5;netstandard-1.6" />
<TypeSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="public ref class Delegate abstract" FrameworkAlternate="dotnet-uwp-10.0;netcore-1.0;netcore-1.1;netstandard-1.0;netstandard-1.1;netstandard-1.2;netstandard-1.3;netstandard-1.4;netstandard-1.5;netstandard-1.6" />
<TypeSignature Language="C#" Value="public abstract class Delegate : ICloneable, System.Runtime.Serialization.ISerializable" FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0;net-5.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;net-8.0;net-9.0;netcore-2.0;netcore-2.1;netcore-2.2;netcore-3.0;netcore-3.1;netframework-1.1;netframework-2.0;netframework-3.0;netframework-3.5;netframework-4.0;netframework-4.5;netframework-4.5.1;netframework-4.5.2;netframework-4.6;netframework-4.6.1;netframework-4.6.2;netframework-4.6.2-pp;netframework-4.7;netframework-4.7.1;netframework-4.7.2;netframework-4.8;netframework-4.8.1;netstandard-2.0;netstandard-2.1" />
<TypeSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".class public auto ansi abstract beforefieldinit Delegate extends System.Object implements class System.ICloneable, class System.Runtime.Serialization.ISerializable" FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0;net-5.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;net-8.0;net-9.0;netcore-2.0;netcore-2.1;netcore-2.2;netcore-3.0;netcore-3.1;netframework-4.6.2-pp;netstandard-2.0;netstandard-2.1" />
<TypeSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Public MustInherit Class Delegate
Implements ICloneable, ISerializable" FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0;net-5.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;net-8.0;net-9.0;netcore-2.0;netcore-2.1;netcore-2.2;netcore-3.0;netcore-3.1;netframework-1.1;netframework-2.0;netframework-3.0;netframework-3.5;netframework-4.0;netframework-4.5;netframework-4.5.1;netframework-4.5.2;netframework-4.6;netframework-4.6.1;netframework-4.6.2;netframework-4.6.2-pp;netframework-4.7;netframework-4.7.1;netframework-4.7.2;netframework-4.8;netframework-4.8.1;netstandard-2.0;netstandard-2.1" />
<TypeSignature Language="F#" Value="type Delegate = class
 interface ICloneable
 interface ISerializable" FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0;net-5.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;net-8.0;net-9.0;netcore-2.0;netcore-2.1;netcore-2.2;netcore-3.0;netcore-3.1;netframework-1.1;netframework-2.0;netframework-3.0;netframework-3.5;netframework-4.0;netframework-4.5;netframework-4.5.1;netframework-4.5.2;netframework-4.6;netframework-4.6.1;netframework-4.6.2;netframework-4.6.2-pp;netframework-4.7;netframework-4.7.1;netframework-4.7.2;netframework-4.8;netframework-4.8.1;netstandard-2.0;netstandard-2.1" />
<TypeSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="public ref class Delegate abstract : ICloneable, System::Runtime::Serialization::ISerializable" FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0;net-5.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;net-8.0;net-9.0;netcore-2.0;netcore-2.1;netcore-2.2;netcore-3.0;netcore-3.1;netframework-1.1;netframework-2.0;netframework-3.0;netframework-3.5;netframework-4.0;netframework-4.5;netframework-4.5.1;netframework-4.5.2;netframework-4.6;netframework-4.6.1;netframework-4.6.2;netframework-4.6.2-pp;netframework-4.7;netframework-4.7.1;netframework-4.7.2;netframework-4.8;netframework-4.8.1;netstandard-2.0;netstandard-2.1" />
<TypeSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".class public auto ansi abstract serializable beforefieldinit Delegate extends System.Object implements class System.ICloneable, class System.Runtime.Serialization.ISerializable" FrameworkAlternate="netframework-1.1;netframework-2.0;netframework-3.0;netframework-3.5;netframework-4.0;netframework-4.5;netframework-4.5.1;netframework-4.5.2;netframework-4.6;netframework-4.6.1;netframework-4.6.2;netframework-4.7;netframework-4.7.1;netframework-4.7.2;netframework-4.8;netframework-4.8.1" />
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.10.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.20.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.2.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.2.1.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.2.2.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>5.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>6.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>7.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>8.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>9.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>10.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<TypeForwardingChain>
<TypeForwarding From="mscorlib" FromVersion="4.0.0.0" To="System.Runtime" ToVersion="0.0.0.0" FrameworkAlternate="dotnet-uwp-10.0" />
<TypeForwarding From="netstandard" FromVersion="2.1.0.0" To="System.Runtime" ToVersion="10.0.0.0" FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0" />
<TypeForwarding From="netstandard" FromVersion="2.1.0.0" To="System.Runtime" ToVersion="5.0.0.0" FrameworkAlternate="net-5.0" />
<TypeForwarding From="netstandard" FromVersion="2.1.0.0" To="System.Runtime" ToVersion="6.0.0.0" FrameworkAlternate="net-6.0" />
<TypeForwarding From="netstandard" FromVersion="2.1.0.0" To="System.Runtime" ToVersion="7.0.0.0" FrameworkAlternate="net-7.0" />
<TypeForwarding From="netstandard" FromVersion="2.1.0.0" To="System.Runtime" ToVersion="8.0.0.0" FrameworkAlternate="net-8.0" />
<TypeForwarding From="netstandard" FromVersion="2.1.0.0" To="System.Runtime" ToVersion="9.0.0.0" FrameworkAlternate="net-9.0" />
<TypeForwarding From="System.Runtime" FromVersion="4.1.1.1" To="mscorlib" ToVersion="4.0.0.0" FrameworkAlternate="netframework-4.6.2-pp" />
</TypeForwardingChain>
<Base>
<BaseTypeName>System.Object</BaseTypeName>
</Base>
<Interfaces>
<Interface FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0;net-5.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;net-8.0;net-9.0;netcore-2.0;netcore-2.1;netcore-2.2;netcore-3.0;netcore-3.1;netframework-1.1;netframework-2.0;netframework-3.0;netframework-3.5;netframework-4.0;netframework-4.5;netframework-4.5.1;netframework-4.5.2;netframework-4.6;netframework-4.6.1;netframework-4.6.2;netframework-4.6.2-pp;netframework-4.7;netframework-4.7.1;netframework-4.7.2;netframework-4.8;netframework-4.8.1;netstandard-2.0;netstandard-2.1">
<InterfaceName>System.ICloneable</InterfaceName>
</Interface>
<Interface FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0;net-5.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;net-8.0;net-9.0;netcore-2.0;netcore-2.1;netcore-2.2;netcore-3.0;netcore-3.1;netframework-1.1;netframework-2.0;netframework-3.0;netframework-3.5;netframework-4.0;netframework-4.5;netframework-4.5.1;netframework-4.5.2;netframework-4.6;netframework-4.6.1;netframework-4.6.2;netframework-4.6.2-pp;netframework-4.7;netframework-4.7.1;netframework-4.7.2;netframework-4.8;netframework-4.8.1;netstandard-2.0;netstandard-2.1">
<InterfaceName>System.Runtime.Serialization.ISerializable</InterfaceName>
</Interface>
</Interfaces>
<Attributes>
<Attribute FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0;net-8.0;net-9.0">
<AttributeName Language="C#">[System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Nullable(0)]</AttributeName>
<AttributeName Language="F#">[<System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Nullable(0)>]</AttributeName>
</Attribute>
<Attribute FrameworkAlternate="netframework-1.1;netframework-2.0;netframework-3.0;netframework-3.5;netframework-4.0;netframework-4.5;netframework-4.5.1;netframework-4.5.2;netframework-4.6;netframework-4.6.1;netframework-4.6.2;netframework-4.7;netframework-4.7.1;netframework-4.7.2;netframework-4.8;netframework-4.8.1">
<AttributeName Language="C#">[System.Runtime.InteropServices.ClassInterface(System.Runtime.InteropServices.ClassInterfaceType.AutoDual)]</AttributeName>
<AttributeName Language="F#">[<System.Runtime.InteropServices.ClassInterface(System.Runtime.InteropServices.ClassInterfaceType.AutoDual)>]</AttributeName>
</Attribute>
<Attribute FrameworkAlternate="netframework-1.1;netframework-2.0;netframework-3.0;netframework-3.5;netframework-4.0;netframework-4.5;netframework-4.5.1;netframework-4.5.2;netframework-4.6;netframework-4.6.1;netframework-4.6.2;netframework-4.7;netframework-4.7.1;netframework-4.7.2;netframework-4.8;netframework-4.8.1">
<AttributeName Language="C#">[System.Serializable]</AttributeName>
<AttributeName Language="F#">[<System.Serializable>]</AttributeName>
</Attribute>
<Attribute FrameworkAlternate="netframework-2.0;netframework-3.0;netframework-3.5;netframework-4.0;netframework-4.5;netframework-4.5.1;netframework-4.5.2;netframework-4.6;netframework-4.6.1;netframework-4.6.2;netframework-4.7;netframework-4.7.1;netframework-4.7.2;netframework-4.8;netframework-4.8.1">
<AttributeName Language="C#">[System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(true)]</AttributeName>
<AttributeName Language="F#">[<System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(true)>]</AttributeName>
</Attribute>
</Attributes>
<Docs>
<summary>Represents a delegate, which is a data structure that refers to a static method or to a class instance and an instance method of that class.</summary>
<remarks>
<format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[
## Remarks
The <xref:System.Delegate> class is the base class for delegate types. However, only the system and compilers can derive explicitly from the <xref:System.Delegate> class or from the <xref:System.MulticastDelegate> class. It is also not permissible to derive a new type from a delegate type. The <xref:System.Delegate> class is not considered a delegate type; it is a class used to derive delegate types.
Most languages implement a `delegate` keyword, and compilers for those languages are able to derive from the <xref:System.MulticastDelegate> class; therefore, users should use the `delegate` keyword provided by the language.
> [!NOTE]
> The common language runtime provides an `Invoke` method for each delegate type, with the same signature as the delegate. You do not have to call this method explicitly from C#, Visual Basic, or Visual C++, because the compilers call it automatically. The `Invoke` method is useful in [reflection](/dotnet/framework/reflection-and-codedom/reflection) when you want to find the signature of the delegate type.
The common language runtime provides each delegate type with `BeginInvoke` and `EndInvoke` methods, to enable asynchronous invocation of the delegate. For more information about these methods, see [Calling Synchronous Methods Asynchronously](/dotnet/standard/asynchronous-programming-patterns/calling-synchronous-methods-asynchronously).
The declaration of a delegate type establishes a contract that specifies the signature of one or more methods. A delegate is an instance of a delegate type that has references to:
- An instance method of a type and a target object assignable to that type.
- An instance method of a type, with the hidden `this` parameter exposed in the formal parameter list. The delegate is said to be an open instance delegate.
- A static method.
- A static method and a target object assignable to the first parameter of the method. The delegate is said to be closed over its first argument.
For more information on delegate binding, see the <xref:System.Delegate.CreateDelegate%28System.Type%2CSystem.Object%2CSystem.Reflection.MethodInfo%2CSystem.Boolean%29> method overload.
When a delegate represents an instance method closed over its first argument (the most common case), the delegate stores a reference to the method's entry point and a reference to an object, called the target, which is of a type assignable to the type that defined the method. When a delegate represents an open instance method, it stores a reference to the method's entry point. The delegate signature must include the hidden `this` parameter in its formal parameter list; in this case, the delegate does not have a reference to a target object, and a target object must be supplied when the delegate is invoked.
When a delegate represents a static method, the delegate stores a reference to the method's entry point. When a delegate represents a static method closed over its first argument, the delegate stores a reference to the method's entry point and a reference to a target object assignable to the type of the method's first argument. When the delegate is invoked, the first argument of the static method receives the target object. This first argument must be a reference type.
The invocation list of a delegate is an ordered set of delegates in which each element of the list invokes exactly one of the methods represented by the delegate. An invocation list can contain duplicate methods. During an invocation, methods are invoked in the order in which they appear in the invocation list. A delegate attempts to invoke every method in its invocation list; duplicates are invoked once for each time they appear in the invocation list. Delegates are immutable; once created, the invocation list of a delegate does not change.
Delegates are referred to as multicast, or combinable, because a delegate can invoke one or more methods and can be used in combining operations.
Combining operations, such as <xref:System.Delegate.Combine%2A> and <xref:System.Delegate.Remove%2A>, do not alter existing delegates. Instead, such an operation returns a new delegate that contains the results of the operation, an unchanged delegate, or `null`. A combining operation returns `null` when the result of the operation is a delegate that does not reference at least one method. A combining operation returns an unchanged delegate when the requested operation has no effect.
> [!NOTE]
> Managed languages use the <xref:System.Delegate.Combine%2A> and <xref:System.Delegate.Remove%2A> methods to implement delegate operations. Examples include the `AddHandler` and `RemoveHandler` statements in Visual Basic and the += and -= operators on delegate types in C#.
Starting with the .NET Framework 4, generic delegate types can have variant type parameters. Contravariant type parameters can be used as parameter types of the delegate, and a covariant type parameter can be used as the return type. This feature allows generic delegate types that are constructed from the same generic type definition to be assignment-compatible if their type arguments are reference types with an inheritance relationship, as explained in [Covariance and Contravariance](/dotnet/standard/generics/covariance-and-contravariance).
> [!NOTE]
> Generic delegates that are assignment-compatible because of variance are not necessarily combinable. To be combinable, the types must match exactly. For example, suppose that a class named `Derived` is derived from a class named `Base`. A delegate of type `Action<Base>` (`Action(Of Base)` in Visual Basic) can be assigned to a variable of type `Action<Derived>`, but the two delegates cannot be combined because the types do not match exactly.
If an invoked method throws an exception, the method stops executing, the exception is passed back to the caller of the delegate, and remaining methods in the invocation list are not invoked. Catching the exception in the caller does not alter this behavior.
When the signature of the methods invoked by a delegate includes a return value, the delegate returns the return value of the last element in the invocation list. When the signature includes a parameter that is passed by reference, the final value of the parameter is the result of every method in the invocation list executing sequentially and updating the parameter's value.
The closest equivalent of a delegate in C is a function pointer. A delegate can represent a static method or an instance method. When the delegate represents an instance method, the delegate stores not only a reference to the method's entry point, but also a reference to the class instance. Unlike function pointers, delegates are object oriented and type safe.
For examples, see [Supplemental API remarks for System.Delegate.CreateDelegate](/dotnet/fundamentals/runtime-libraries/system-delegate-createdelegate).
]]></format>
</remarks>
<altmember cref="T:System.MulticastDelegate" />
<related type="Article" href="/dotnet/standard/asynchronous-programming-patterns/calling-synchronous-methods-asynchronously">Calling Synchronous Methods Asynchronously</related>
<related type="Article" href="/dotnet/csharp/programming-guide/delegates/">Delegates (C# Programming Guide)</related>
<related type="Article" href="/dotnet/visual-basic/programming-guide/language-features/delegates/">Delegates (Visual Basic)</related>
<related type="Article" href="/cpp/dotnet/how-to-define-and-use-delegates-cpp-cli">How to: Define and Use Delegates (C++/CLI)</related>
<related type="Article" href="/dotnet/standard/events/">Handling and Raising Events</related>
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## Remarks
This constructor cannot be used in application code. To create a delegate by specifying the name of an instance method, use an overload of the <xref:System.Delegate.CreateDelegate%2A> method that specifies a method name and a target object. For example, the <xref:System.Delegate.CreateDelegate%28System.Type%2CSystem.Object%2CSystem.String%29> method overload creates a delegate for an instance method with a specified name.
This constructor creates delegates for instance methods only. An instance method is a method that is associated with an instance of a class; a static method is a method that is associated with the class itself.
]]></format>
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<format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[
## Remarks
This constructor cannot be used in application code. To create a delegate by specifying the name of a static method, use an overload of the <xref:System.Delegate.CreateDelegate%2A> method that specifies a method name but does not specify a target object. For example, the <xref:System.Delegate.CreateDelegate%28System.Type%2CSystem.Type%2CSystem.String%29> method overload creates a static delegate for a method with a specified name.
This constructor creates delegates for static methods only. An instance method is a method that is associated with an instance of a class; a static method is a method that is associated with the class itself.
]]></format>
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## Remarks
The clone has the same <xref:System.Type>, target, method, and invocation list as the original delegate.
A shallow copy creates a new instance of the same type as the original object, and then copies the nonstatic fields of the original object. If the field is a value type, a bit-by-bit copy of the field is performed. If the field is a reference type, the reference is copied but the referred object is not; therefore, the reference in the original object and the reference in the clone point to the same object. In contrast, a deep copy of an object duplicates everything directly or indirectly referenced by the fields in the object.
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<param name="delegates">The array of delegates to combine.</param>
<summary>Concatenates the invocation lists of an array of delegates.</summary>
<returns>A new delegate with an invocation list that concatenates the invocation lists of the delegates in the <paramref name="delegates" /> array. Returns <see langword="null" /> if <paramref name="delegates" /> is <see langword="null" />, if <paramref name="delegates" /> contains zero elements, or if every entry in <paramref name="delegates" /> is <see langword="null" />.</returns>
<remarks>
<format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[
## Remarks
If the `delegates` array contains entries that are `null`, those entries are ignored.
The invocation list can contain duplicate entries; that is, entries that refer to the same method on the same object.
> [!NOTE]
> Generic delegates that are assignment-compatible because of variance are not necessarily combinable. To be combinable, the types must match exactly. For example, suppose that a class named `Derived` is derived from a class named `Base`. A delegate of type `Action<Base>` (`Action(Of Base)` in Visual Basic) can be assigned to a variable of type `Action<Derived>`, as explained in [Covariance and Contravariance](/dotnet/standard/generics/covariance-and-contravariance), but the two delegates cannot be combined because the types do not match exactly.
<xref:System.Delegate.Combine%2A> is useful for creating event handlers that call multiple methods each time an event occurs.
]]></format>
</remarks>
<exception cref="T:System.ArgumentException">Not all the non-null entries in <paramref name="delegates" /> are instances of the same delegate type.</exception>
<altmember cref="T:System.MulticastDelegate" />
<altmember cref="M:System.Delegate.CombineImpl(System.Delegate)" />
</Docs>
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<Docs>
<param name="delegates">The span of delegates to combine.</param>
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<remarks>To be added.</remarks>
</Docs>
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<Parameter Name="a" Type="System.Delegate" />
<Parameter Name="b" Type="System.Delegate" />
</Parameters>
<Docs>
<param name="a">The delegate whose invocation list comes first.</param>
<param name="b">The delegate whose invocation list comes last.</param>
<summary>Concatenates the invocation lists of two delegates.</summary>
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<remarks>
<format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[
## Remarks
The invocation list can contain duplicate entries; that is, entries that refer to the same method on the same object.
> [!NOTE]
> Generic delegates that are assignment-compatible because of variance are not necessarily combinable. To be combinable, the types must match exactly. For example, suppose that a class named `Derived` is derived from a class named `Base`. A delegate of type `Action<Base>` (`Action(Of Base)` in Visual Basic) can be assigned to a variable of type `Action<Derived>`, as explained in [Covariance and Contravariance](/dotnet/standard/generics/covariance-and-contravariance), but the two delegates cannot be combined because the types do not match exactly.
<xref:System.Delegate.Combine%2A> is useful for creating event handlers that call multiple methods each time an event occurs.
]]></format>
</remarks>
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<altmember cref="T:System.MulticastDelegate" />
<altmember cref="M:System.Delegate.CombineImpl(System.Delegate)" />
</Docs>
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<ReturnValue>
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<Docs>
<param name="d">The multicast (combinable) delegate whose invocation list to append to the end of the invocation list of the current multicast (combinable) delegate.</param>
<summary>Concatenates the invocation lists of the specified multicast (combinable) delegate and the current multicast (combinable) delegate.</summary>
<returns>A new multicast (combinable) delegate with an invocation list that concatenates the invocation list of the current multicast (combinable) delegate and the invocation list of <paramref name="d" />, or the current multicast (combinable) delegate if <paramref name="d" /> is <see langword="null" />.</returns>
<remarks>
<format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[
## Remarks
This method applies only if the current delegate is multicast (combinable).
The current implementation simply throws a <xref:System.MulticastNotSupportedException>.
The invocation list can contain duplicate entries; that is, entries that refer to the same method on the same object.
]]></format>
</remarks>
<exception cref="T:System.MulticastNotSupportedException">Always thrown.</exception>
<altmember cref="M:System.Delegate.Combine(System.Delegate,System.Delegate)" />
</Docs>
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<Docs>
<summary>Creates a delegate of the specified type.</summary>
</Docs>
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<ReturnValue>
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<Parameters>
<Parameter Name="type" Type="System.Type" Index="0" FrameworkAlternate="netcore-2.0;netcore-2.1;netcore-2.2;netcore-3.0;netframework-1.1;netframework-2.0;netframework-3.0;netframework-3.5;netframework-4.0;netframework-4.5;netframework-4.5.1;netframework-4.5.2;netframework-4.6;netframework-4.6.1;netframework-4.6.2;netframework-4.7;netframework-4.7.1;netframework-4.7.2;netframework-4.8;netstandard-2.0;netstandard-2.1;netcore-3.1;net-5.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;netframework-4.8.1;net-8.0;net-9.0;netframework-4.7.1-pp;netframework-4.7.2-pp;netframework-4.7-pp;netframework-4.8-pp;netframework-4.8.1-pp;net-10.0;netframework-4.6.2-pp" />
<Parameter Name="method" Type="System.Reflection.MethodInfo" Index="1" FrameworkAlternate="netcore-2.0;netcore-2.1;netcore-2.2;netcore-3.0;netframework-1.1;netframework-2.0;netframework-3.0;netframework-3.5;netframework-4.0;netframework-4.5;netframework-4.5.1;netframework-4.5.2;netframework-4.6;netframework-4.6.1;netframework-4.6.2;netframework-4.7;netframework-4.7.1;netframework-4.7.2;netframework-4.8;netstandard-2.0;netstandard-2.1;netcore-3.1;net-5.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;netframework-4.8.1;net-8.0;net-9.0;netframework-4.7.1-pp;netframework-4.7.2-pp;netframework-4.7-pp;netframework-4.8-pp;netframework-4.8.1-pp;net-10.0;netframework-4.6.2-pp" />
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<Docs>
<param name="type">The <see cref="T:System.Type" /> of delegate to create.</param>
<param name="method">The <see cref="T:System.Reflection.MethodInfo" /> describing the static or instance method the delegate is to represent.</param>
<summary>Creates a delegate of the specified type to represent the specified method.</summary>
<returns>A delegate of the specified type to represent the specified method.</returns>
<remarks>
<format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[
This overload can create delegates for static methods and open instance method delegates; that is, delegates that explicitly supply the hidden first argument of instance methods. For a detailed explanation, see the more general <xref:System.Delegate.CreateDelegate(System.Type%2CSystem.Object%2CSystem.Reflection.MethodInfo)> method overload, which allows you to create all combinations of open or closed delegates for instance or static methods, and optionally to specify a first argument.
> [!NOTE]
> This method overload should be used when the delegate is not closed over its first argument, because it is somewhat faster in that case.
For more information about this API, see [Supplemental API remarks for System.Delegate.CreateDelegate](/dotnet/fundamentals/runtime-libraries/system-delegate-createdelegate).
]]></format>
</remarks>
<exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
<paramref name="type" /> is <see langword="null" />.
-or-
<paramref name="method" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
<exception cref="T:System.ArgumentException">
<paramref name="type" /> does not inherit <see cref="T:System.MulticastDelegate" />.
-or-
<paramref name="type" /> is not a <see langword="RuntimeType" />. See <see href="/previous-versions/dotnet/netframework-4.0/ms172329(v=vs.100)">Runtime Types in Reflection</see>).
-or-
<paramref name="method" /> cannot be bound.
-or-
<paramref name="method" /> is not a <see langword="RuntimeMethodInfo" />. See <see href="/previous-versions/dotnet/netframework-4.0/ms172329(v=vs.100)">Runtime Types in Reflection</see>).</exception>
<exception cref="T:System.MissingMethodException">The <see langword="Invoke" /> method of <paramref name="type" /> is not found.</exception>
<exception cref="T:System.MethodAccessException">The caller does not have the permissions necessary to access <paramref name="method" />.</exception>
<altmember cref="T:System.Type" />
<altmember cref="T:System.MulticastDelegate" />
<altmember cref="T:System.Security.Permissions.ReflectionPermission" />
<altmember cref="T:System.Reflection.MethodInfo" />
</Docs>
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<Parameter Name="firstArgument" Type="System.Object" Index="1" FrameworkAlternate="netcore-2.0;netcore-2.1;netcore-2.2;netcore-3.0;netframework-2.0;netframework-3.0;netframework-3.5;netframework-4.0;netframework-4.5;netframework-4.5.1;netframework-4.5.2;netframework-4.6;netframework-4.6.1;netframework-4.6.2;netframework-4.7;netframework-4.7.1;netframework-4.7.2;netframework-4.8;netstandard-2.0;netstandard-2.1;netcore-3.1;net-5.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;netframework-4.8.1;net-8.0;net-9.0;netframework-4.7.1-pp;netframework-4.7.2-pp;netframework-4.7-pp;netframework-4.8-pp;netframework-4.8.1-pp;net-10.0;netframework-4.6.2-pp">
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<Attribute FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0;net-8.0;net-9.0">
<AttributeName Language="C#">[System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Nullable(2)]</AttributeName>
<AttributeName Language="F#">[<System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Nullable(2)>]</AttributeName>
</Attribute>
</Attributes>
</Parameter>
<Parameter Name="method" Type="System.Reflection.MethodInfo" Index="2" FrameworkAlternate="netcore-2.0;netcore-2.1;netcore-2.2;netcore-3.0;netframework-2.0;netframework-3.0;netframework-3.5;netframework-4.0;netframework-4.5;netframework-4.5.1;netframework-4.5.2;netframework-4.6;netframework-4.6.1;netframework-4.6.2;netframework-4.7;netframework-4.7.1;netframework-4.7.2;netframework-4.8;netstandard-2.0;netstandard-2.1;netcore-3.1;net-5.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;netframework-4.8.1;net-8.0;net-9.0;netframework-4.7.1-pp;netframework-4.7.2-pp;netframework-4.7-pp;netframework-4.8-pp;netframework-4.8.1-pp;net-10.0;netframework-4.6.2-pp" />
</Parameters>
<Docs>
<param name="type">The <see cref="T:System.Type" /> of delegate to create.</param>
<param name="firstArgument">The object to which the delegate is bound, or <see langword="null" /> to treat <paramref name="method" /> as <see langword="static" /> (<see langword="Shared" /> in Visual Basic).</param>
<param name="method">The <see cref="T:System.Reflection.MethodInfo" /> describing the static or instance method the delegate is to represent.</param>
<summary>Creates a delegate of the specified type that represents the specified static or instance method, with the specified first argument.</summary>
<returns>A delegate of the specified type that represents the specified static or instance method.</returns>
<remarks>
<format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[
## Remarks
Calling this method overload is equivalent to calling the <xref:System.Delegate.CreateDelegate%28System.Type%2CSystem.Object%2CSystem.Reflection.MethodInfo%2CSystem.Boolean%29> method overload and specifying `true` for `throwOnBindFailure`. These two overloads provide the most flexible way to create delegates. You can use them to create delegates for either static or instance methods, and optionally to specify the first argument.
> [!NOTE]
> If you don't supply a first argument, use the <xref:System.Delegate.CreateDelegate%28System.Type%2CSystem.Reflection.MethodInfo%29> method overload for better performance.
For more information about this API, see [Supplemental API remarks for System.Delegate.CreateDelegate](/dotnet/fundamentals/runtime-libraries/system-delegate-createdelegate).
]]></format>
</remarks>
<exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
<paramref name="type" /> is <see langword="null" />.
-or-
<paramref name="method" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
<exception cref="T:System.ArgumentException">
<paramref name="type" /> does not inherit <see cref="T:System.MulticastDelegate" />.
-or-
<paramref name="type" /> is not a <see langword="RuntimeType" />. See <see href="/previous-versions/dotnet/netframework-4.0/ms172329(v=vs.100)">Runtime Types in Reflection</see>).
-or-
<paramref name="method" /> cannot be bound.
-or-
<paramref name="method" /> is not a <see langword="RuntimeMethodInfo" />. See <see href="/previous-versions/dotnet/netframework-4.0/ms172329(v=vs.100)">Runtime Types in Reflection</see>).</exception>
<exception cref="T:System.MissingMethodException">The <see langword="Invoke" /> method of <paramref name="type" /> is not found.</exception>
<exception cref="T:System.MethodAccessException">The caller does not have the permissions necessary to access <paramref name="method" />.</exception>
<altmember cref="T:System.Type" />
<altmember cref="T:System.MulticastDelegate" />
<altmember cref="T:System.Security.Permissions.ReflectionPermission" />
<altmember cref="T:System.Reflection.MethodInfo" />
</Docs>
</Member>
<Member MemberName="CreateDelegate">
<MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public static Delegate CreateDelegate (Type type, object target, string method);" />
<MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method public static hidebysig class System.Delegate CreateDelegate(class System.Type type, object target, string method) cil managed" />
<MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="M:System.Delegate.CreateDelegate(System.Type,System.Object,System.String)" />
<MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Public Shared Function CreateDelegate (type As Type, target As Object, method As String) As Delegate" />
<MemberSignature Language="F#" Value="static member CreateDelegate : Type * obj * string -> Delegate" Usage="System.Delegate.CreateDelegate (type, target, method)" />
<MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="public:
 static Delegate ^ CreateDelegate(Type ^ type, System::Object ^ target, System::String ^ method);" />
<MemberType>Method</MemberType>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>4.2.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.2.1.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.2.2.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>5.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>6.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>7.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>8.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>9.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>10.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<Attributes>
<Attribute FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0;net-5.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;net-8.0;net-9.0">
<AttributeName Language="C#">[System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.RequiresUnreferencedCode("The target method might be removed")]</AttributeName>
<AttributeName Language="F#">[<System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.RequiresUnreferencedCode("The target method might be removed")>]</AttributeName>
</Attribute>
</Attributes>
<ReturnValue>
<ReturnType>System.Delegate</ReturnType>
</ReturnValue>
<Parameters>
<Parameter Name="type" Type="System.Type" Index="0" FrameworkAlternate="netcore-2.0;netcore-2.1;netcore-2.2;netcore-3.0;netframework-1.1;netframework-2.0;netframework-3.0;netframework-3.5;netframework-4.0;netframework-4.5;netframework-4.5.1;netframework-4.5.2;netframework-4.6;netframework-4.6.1;netframework-4.6.2;netframework-4.7;netframework-4.7.1;netframework-4.7.2;netframework-4.8;netstandard-2.0;netstandard-2.1;netcore-3.1;net-5.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;netframework-4.8.1;net-8.0;net-9.0;netframework-4.7.1-pp;netframework-4.7.2-pp;netframework-4.7-pp;netframework-4.8-pp;netframework-4.8.1-pp;net-10.0;netframework-4.6.2-pp" />
<Parameter Name="target" Type="System.Object" Index="1" FrameworkAlternate="netcore-2.0;netcore-2.1;netcore-2.2;netcore-3.0;netframework-1.1;netframework-2.0;netframework-3.0;netframework-3.5;netframework-4.0;netframework-4.5;netframework-4.5.1;netframework-4.5.2;netframework-4.6;netframework-4.6.1;netframework-4.6.2;netframework-4.7;netframework-4.7.1;netframework-4.7.2;netframework-4.8;netstandard-2.0;netstandard-2.1;netcore-3.1;net-5.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;netframework-4.8.1;net-8.0;net-9.0;netframework-4.7.1-pp;netframework-4.7.2-pp;netframework-4.7-pp;netframework-4.8-pp;netframework-4.8.1-pp;net-10.0;netframework-4.6.2-pp" />
<Parameter Name="method" Type="System.String" Index="2" FrameworkAlternate="netcore-2.0;netcore-2.1;netcore-2.2;netcore-3.0;netframework-1.1;netframework-2.0;netframework-3.0;netframework-3.5;netframework-4.0;netframework-4.5;netframework-4.5.1;netframework-4.5.2;netframework-4.6;netframework-4.6.1;netframework-4.6.2;netframework-4.7;netframework-4.7.1;netframework-4.7.2;netframework-4.8;netstandard-2.0;netstandard-2.1;netcore-3.1;net-5.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;netframework-4.8.1;net-8.0;net-9.0;netframework-4.7.1-pp;netframework-4.7.2-pp;netframework-4.7-pp;netframework-4.8-pp;netframework-4.8.1-pp;net-10.0;netframework-4.6.2-pp" />
</Parameters>
<Docs>
<param name="type">The <see cref="T:System.Type" /> of delegate to create.</param>
<param name="target">The class instance on which <paramref name="method" /> is invoked.</param>
<param name="method">The name of the instance method that the delegate is to represent.</param>
<summary>Creates a delegate of the specified type that represents the specified instance method to invoke on the specified class instance.</summary>
<returns>A delegate of the specified type that represents the specified instance method to invoke on the specified class instance.</returns>
<remarks>
<format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[
## Remarks
This method creates delegates for instance methods only. An instance method is a method that is associated with an instance of a class; a static method is a method that is associated with the class itself.
This method overload is equivalent to calling the <xref:System.Delegate.CreateDelegate%28System.Type%2CSystem.Object%2CSystem.String%2CSystem.Boolean%2CSystem.Boolean%29> method overload, specifying `false` for `ignoreCase` and `true` for `throwOnBindFailure`.
]]></format>
</remarks>
<exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
<paramref name="type" /> is <see langword="null" />.
-or-
<paramref name="target" /> is <see langword="null" />.
-or-
<paramref name="method" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
<exception cref="T:System.ArgumentException">
<paramref name="type" /> does not inherit <see cref="T:System.MulticastDelegate" />.
-or-
<paramref name="type" /> is not a <see langword="RuntimeType" />. See <see href="/previous-versions/dotnet/netframework-4.0/ms172329(v=vs.100)">Runtime Types in Reflection</see>).
-or-
<paramref name="method" /> is not an instance method.
-or-
<paramref name="method" /> cannot be bound, for example because it cannot be found.</exception>
<exception cref="T:System.MissingMethodException">The <see langword="Invoke" /> method of <paramref name="type" /> is not found.</exception>
<exception cref="T:System.MethodAccessException">The caller does not have the permissions necessary to access <paramref name="method" />.</exception>
<altmember cref="T:System.Type" />
<altmember cref="T:System.MulticastDelegate" />
<altmember cref="T:System.Security.Permissions.ReflectionPermission" />
<altmember cref="T:System.Object" />
</Docs>
</Member>
<Member MemberName="CreateDelegate">
<MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public static Delegate? CreateDelegate (Type type, System.Reflection.MethodInfo method, bool throwOnBindFailure);" FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0;net-5.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;net-8.0;net-9.0;netcore-3.0;netcore-3.1;netframework-4.6.2-pp" />
<MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method public static hidebysig class System.Delegate CreateDelegate(class System.Type type, class System.Reflection.MethodInfo method, bool throwOnBindFailure) cil managed" />
<MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="M:System.Delegate.CreateDelegate(System.Type,System.Reflection.MethodInfo,System.Boolean)" />
<MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Public Shared Function CreateDelegate (type As Type, method As MethodInfo, throwOnBindFailure As Boolean) As Delegate" />
<MemberSignature Language="F#" Value="static member CreateDelegate : Type * System.Reflection.MethodInfo * bool -> Delegate" Usage="System.Delegate.CreateDelegate (type, method, throwOnBindFailure)" />
<MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="public:
 static Delegate ^ CreateDelegate(Type ^ type, System::Reflection::MethodInfo ^ method, bool throwOnBindFailure);" />
<MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public static Delegate CreateDelegate (Type type, System.Reflection.MethodInfo method, bool throwOnBindFailure);" FrameworkAlternate="netcore-2.0;netcore-2.1;netcore-2.2;netframework-2.0;netframework-3.0;netframework-3.5;netframework-4.0;netframework-4.5;netframework-4.5.1;netframework-4.5.2;netframework-4.6;netframework-4.6.1;netframework-4.6.2;netframework-4.7;netframework-4.7.1;netframework-4.7.2;netframework-4.8;netframework-4.8.1;netstandard-2.0;netstandard-2.1" />
<MemberType>Method</MemberType>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>4.2.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.2.1.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.2.2.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>5.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>6.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>7.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>8.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>9.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>10.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<Attributes>
<Attribute FrameworkAlternate="netframework-4.0;netframework-4.5;netframework-4.5.1;netframework-4.5.2;netframework-4.6;netframework-4.6.1;netframework-4.6.2;netframework-4.7;netframework-4.7.1;netframework-4.7.2;netframework-4.8;netframework-4.8.1">
<AttributeName Language="C#">[System.Security.SecuritySafeCritical]</AttributeName>
<AttributeName Language="F#">[<System.Security.SecuritySafeCritical>]</AttributeName>
</Attribute>
</Attributes>
<ReturnValue>
<ReturnType>System.Delegate</ReturnType>
<Attributes>
<Attribute FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0">
<AttributeName Language="C#">[System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Nullable(2)]</AttributeName>
<AttributeName Language="F#">[<System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Nullable(2)>]</AttributeName>
</Attribute>
</Attributes>
</ReturnValue>
<Parameters>
<Parameter Name="type" Type="System.Type" Index="0" FrameworkAlternate="netcore-2.0;netcore-2.1;netcore-2.2;netcore-3.0;netframework-2.0;netframework-3.0;netframework-3.5;netframework-4.0;netframework-4.5;netframework-4.5.1;netframework-4.5.2;netframework-4.6;netframework-4.6.1;netframework-4.6.2;netframework-4.7;netframework-4.7.1;netframework-4.7.2;netframework-4.8;netstandard-2.0;netstandard-2.1;netcore-3.1;net-5.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;netframework-4.8.1;net-8.0;net-9.0;netframework-4.7.1-pp;netframework-4.7.2-pp;netframework-4.7-pp;netframework-4.8-pp;netframework-4.8.1-pp;net-10.0;netframework-4.6.2-pp" />
<Parameter Name="method" Type="System.Reflection.MethodInfo" Index="1" FrameworkAlternate="netcore-2.0;netcore-2.1;netcore-2.2;netcore-3.0;netframework-2.0;netframework-3.0;netframework-3.5;netframework-4.0;netframework-4.5;netframework-4.5.1;netframework-4.5.2;netframework-4.6;netframework-4.6.1;netframework-4.6.2;netframework-4.7;netframework-4.7.1;netframework-4.7.2;netframework-4.8;netstandard-2.0;netstandard-2.1;netcore-3.1;net-5.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;netframework-4.8.1;net-8.0;net-9.0;netframework-4.7.1-pp;netframework-4.7.2-pp;netframework-4.7-pp;netframework-4.8-pp;netframework-4.8.1-pp;net-10.0;netframework-4.6.2-pp" />
<Parameter Name="throwOnBindFailure" Type="System.Boolean" Index="2" FrameworkAlternate="netcore-2.0;netcore-2.1;netcore-2.2;netcore-3.0;netframework-2.0;netframework-3.0;netframework-3.5;netframework-4.0;netframework-4.5;netframework-4.5.1;netframework-4.5.2;netframework-4.6;netframework-4.6.1;netframework-4.6.2;netframework-4.7;netframework-4.7.1;netframework-4.7.2;netframework-4.8;netstandard-2.0;netstandard-2.1;netcore-3.1;net-5.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;netframework-4.8.1;net-8.0;net-9.0;netframework-4.7.1-pp;netframework-4.7.2-pp;netframework-4.7-pp;netframework-4.8-pp;netframework-4.8.1-pp;net-10.0;netframework-4.6.2-pp" />
</Parameters>
<Docs>
<param name="type">The <see cref="T:System.Type" /> of delegate to create.</param>
<param name="method">The <see cref="T:System.Reflection.MethodInfo" /> describing the static or instance method the delegate is to represent.</param>
<param name="throwOnBindFailure">
<see langword="true" /> to throw an exception if <paramref name="method" /> cannot be bound; otherwise, <see langword="false" />.</param>
<summary>Creates a delegate of the specified type to represent the specified static method, with the specified behavior on failure to bind.</summary>
<returns>A delegate of the specified type to represent the specified static method.</returns>
<remarks>
<format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[
## Remarks
This method overload can create open static method delegates and open instance method delegates - that is, delegates that expose the hidden first argument of instance methods. For a detailed explanation, see the more general <xref:System.Delegate.CreateDelegate%28System.Type%2CSystem.Object%2CSystem.Reflection.MethodInfo%2CSystem.Boolean%29> method overload, which allows you to create all combinations of open or closed delegates for instance or static methods.