diff --git a/src/backend/executor/execMain.c b/src/backend/executor/execMain.c
index 7230f968101a..e7923f239038 100644
--- a/src/backend/executor/execMain.c
+++ b/src/backend/executor/execMain.c
@@ -1163,7 +1163,11 @@ CheckValidResultRel(ResultRelInfo *resultRelInfo, CmdType operation,
 	{
 		case RELKIND_RELATION:
 		case RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE:
-			CheckCmdReplicaIdentity(resultRel, operation);
+			if (operation == CMD_MERGE)
+				foreach_node(MergeAction, action, mergeActions)
+					CheckCmdReplicaIdentity(resultRel, action->commandType);
+			else
+				CheckCmdReplicaIdentity(resultRel, operation);
 			break;
 		case RELKIND_SEQUENCE:
 			ereport(ERROR,
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/publication.out b/src/test/regress/expected/publication.out
index 4de96c04f9de..ac699e81d14e 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/expected/publication.out
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/publication.out
@@ -1924,6 +1924,32 @@ DROP PUBLICATION pub1;
 DROP PUBLICATION pub2;
 DROP TABLE gencols;
 RESET client_min_messages;
+-- Test that the MERGE command correctly checks REPLICA IDENTITY when the
+-- target table is published.
+CREATE TABLE testpub_merge_no_ri (a int, b int);
+CREATE TABLE testpub_merge_pk (a int primary key, b int);
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION pub1 FOR ALL TABLES;
+RESET client_min_messages;
+-- fail - missing REPLICA IDENTITY
+MERGE INTO testpub_merge_no_ri USING testpub_merge_pk s ON s.a >= 1
+ WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET b = s.b;
+ERROR:  cannot update table "testpub_merge_no_ri" because it does not have a replica identity and publishes updates
+HINT:  To enable updating the table, set REPLICA IDENTITY using ALTER TABLE.
+-- fail - missing REPLICA IDENTITY
+MERGE INTO testpub_merge_no_ri USING testpub_merge_pk s ON s.a >= 1
+ WHEN MATCHED THEN DELETE;
+ERROR:  cannot delete from table "testpub_merge_no_ri" because it does not have a replica identity and publishes deletes
+HINT:  To enable deleting from the table, set REPLICA IDENTITY using ALTER TABLE.
+-- ok - inserts are not restricted
+MERGE INTO testpub_merge_no_ri USING testpub_merge_pk s ON s.a >= 1
+ WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (a, b) VALUES (0, 0);
+-- ok - REPLICA IDENTITY is DEFAULT and table has a PK
+MERGE INTO testpub_merge_pk USING testpub_merge_no_ri s ON s.a >= 1
+ WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET b = s.b;
+DROP PUBLICATION pub1;
+DROP TABLE testpub_merge_no_ri;
+DROP TABLE testpub_merge_pk;
 RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
 DROP ROLE regress_publication_user, regress_publication_user2;
 DROP ROLE regress_publication_user_dummy;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/publication.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/publication.sql
index 68001de4000f..a3c590febc40 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/sql/publication.sql
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/publication.sql
@@ -1223,6 +1223,36 @@ DROP PUBLICATION pub2;
 DROP TABLE gencols;
 
 RESET client_min_messages;
+
+-- Test that the MERGE command correctly checks REPLICA IDENTITY when the
+-- target table is published.
+CREATE TABLE testpub_merge_no_ri (a int, b int);
+CREATE TABLE testpub_merge_pk (a int primary key, b int);
+
+SET client_min_messages = 'ERROR';
+CREATE PUBLICATION pub1 FOR ALL TABLES;
+RESET client_min_messages;
+
+-- fail - missing REPLICA IDENTITY
+MERGE INTO testpub_merge_no_ri USING testpub_merge_pk s ON s.a >= 1
+ WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET b = s.b;
+
+-- fail - missing REPLICA IDENTITY
+MERGE INTO testpub_merge_no_ri USING testpub_merge_pk s ON s.a >= 1
+ WHEN MATCHED THEN DELETE;
+
+-- ok - inserts are not restricted
+MERGE INTO testpub_merge_no_ri USING testpub_merge_pk s ON s.a >= 1
+ WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT (a, b) VALUES (0, 0);
+
+-- ok - REPLICA IDENTITY is DEFAULT and table has a PK
+MERGE INTO testpub_merge_pk USING testpub_merge_no_ri s ON s.a >= 1
+ WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET b = s.b;
+
+DROP PUBLICATION pub1;
+DROP TABLE testpub_merge_no_ri;
+DROP TABLE testpub_merge_pk;
+
 RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
 DROP ROLE regress_publication_user, regress_publication_user2;
 DROP ROLE regress_publication_user_dummy;