python mß.Kl NdIdj Ndú;fhka mß.Kl jevigyka f.

dv kexùu yd
python NdIdfõ we;s úfYaIdx. y`ÿkd .ekSu'
l%uf,aLk mßj¾;kh lsÍfï iy l%shd;aul lsÍfï l%shdj,sh

hïlsis mß.Kl NdIdjlska ,shk ,o jevigyka fla;hka hka;% fla; njg mßj¾;kh lsÍu i`oyd NdId
mßj¾;l ^language translators & fhdod .kS'

source language object

program translator program

m%Nj l%uf,aLh ^source program& (- '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

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úIh l%uf,aLh ^object program& (- ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
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l%uf,aL mßj¾;lhka ^program translators& j¾. ;=kls'

µ

w¾: úkHdil ^interpreters& (- ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

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iïmdol ^Compiters& (- ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

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wefiïn,¾ ^Assembler& (-'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

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oaúuh fla; ^Binary Code& (- mdG ^text& fyda mß.kl ilikfha Wmfoia ^processor instructions&
oaúuh ixLHd moaO;sfha tk 1 yd 0 u.ska ksremkh lrhs' fuh
hdka;%sl NdIdj f,iskao y`ÿkajkq ,nhs'

01
nhsg fla; ^Byte code& (- mß.Kl jevigyka lrKfha§ Ndú;d jk jev igyka fla;hls'
hï jevigykl fla;hla compile jQ miq th w;;H mß.Klhla
^virtual machine& u.ska Odjkh l, yelsh' fuysÈ mß.Kl
fm%dfiirhla w;HjYH fkdjk w;r fuu l%ufõoh hgf;a
source code tlla compile lr w;;H mß.kl ;sfnk ´kEu
fõÈldjl ^platform& Odjkh l, yel' úfYaIfhka cdjd ^Java&
mß.kl NdIdj iu`. Ndú; l< yels w;r tys tk Java virtual
machine ^Jvm& ;=, fuh Odjkh l, yelsh' fuu Byte code j,
f.dkq È.=j class j,ska iukaú; fõ'

iïnkaOl ^Linkers& (- fuh Link editor f,iskao y`ÿkajkq ,nhs' úfYaIfhkau iïmdolhla
u.ska W;amdokh lrk f.dkq j¾. ^object files& Odjkh l< yels
tla jevigykla ^executable program& ;=,g f.dkq lrhs'

Lib obj obj

Linker

Lib dll exe

l%shd;aul l, yels f;a;h ^executable code& (- NdId mßj¾;lhka úiska mßj¾;kh lrk ,o yd
iïnkaOlhla úiska f.dkq lrk ,o mß.klhla ;=, iDcqj
ls%hd;aul l< yels Wmfoia wka;¾.; jevigykls' ^program that
is ready to be used write now&

PYTHON mß.Kl NdIdfõ úfYaIs; .=Kdx.

python mß.Kl NdIdj 1980 oYlfha w. Nd.fha § Guido Van Rossum úiska ixj¾Okh lr
y`ÿkajd fok ,o kùk;u mß.Kl NdIdjls' fuh mß.Kl NdIdjla bf.ksu i`oyd Wkkaÿ jk
kjlfhl=g jqjo .e,fmk NdIdjla f,io ye`Èkaúh yelsh' my; i`oyka ,CIK python NdIdj i;= fõ'

l
interpreted language - jev igyka Odjkh lsßug fmr compile lsÍu wjYH fkdùsu'

interactive language - python prompt tfla isg w¾: úkHdilh iu`. iDcqj iïnkaO lr jev igyka
l
,súh yels ùu'

Beginner's language - wdrïNlfhl=g jqjo myiqfjka bf.k.; yels ùu fukau úYd, mrdihl
l
mß.Kl jev igyka f.dv kexúh yels ùu'

object - oriented - jia;= keUqre wdlD;s hgf;a jev igyka f.dv kexúh yels ùu'
l

02
integrated with other languages - C, C++, com CORBA yd Java jeks mß.Kl NdId iu`. taldnoaO l<
l
yels ùu'

Downloading python

my; fjí wvúfhka Tnf.a mß.Klfha we;s fufyhqï moaO;shg .e,fmk mhs;ka ixialrKh nd.;
µ
l< yelsh'
http://www.python.org/downloads

Setting up path
mhs;ka jevigyka mß.Klfha júO f*da,avr ;=, ;ekam;a j ;sìh yels w;r fufyhqï moaO;sh
úiska wod< f*da,av¾j,g search path ,nd foa '

path for windows operating system

Command prompt tl ;=, my; path tl ,nd fokak'

µ

path % path % ; c : \ python

µmhs;ka mß.Kl jev igyka pythonwin jeks ix.Dys; ks¾udK mßirhla ^IDE& yd GUI iys;
jevigyka Ndú;d lrñka f.dv kexúh yelsh'

m<uq mß.kl jevigyk

>>> print "Hello, python !"

Hello , python !

python identifiers :-
úp,Hhla" ld¾h mámdáhla ^function& class module fyda object tlla y`ÿkd .ekSu i`oyd
fhdod .kakd kduhhs' fuu kdu Ndú;fha § my; lreKq ie,ls,a,g .efka'

A to Z fyda a to z fyda ^-& j,ska wdrïN l, hq;=h'

µ
@, $ % jeks ixfla; fhdod fkd.efka'
µ
case sensitive ùu'
µ
µfjka lrk ,o ^Reserved words& Ndú;d fkdl, hq;=h' fuu ieu jpkhlau simple wl=rej,ska
iukaú; fõ'

jev igyka ,sùfï È ksjeros tab space (Lines and Indentation) ;eîu w;HjYH fõ'
µ

x = 55
if (x > =50): output
print "pass"
else: pass
print "fail"

03
python j, Quotation Ndú;h

word = 'hello world'

word 1 = "hello world"
word 2 = """ hello """

python j, comments Ndú;h

# !/usr/bin/python
# first comment
>>> print "Sri Lanka" ; # display message
Result
Sri Lanka

python variable type ^mhs;ka úp,H j¾.&

mß.Kl u;lh ;=, ;djld,slj o;a; ;ekam;a lsÍu i`oyd úp,Hhka fhdod .kS' fuys§ wdfoaY
lrk w.hka wkqj ^Assigned values& wod< o;a; m%;srEmh ^data type& .,md .ksñka o;a; .nvd lr .kS'
fuys§ ^=& ,l=K fhdod .efka'

# !/usr/bin/python
name = "John, # string value
age = 17 # an integer
distance = 100.00 # floating point

>>> print name

>>> print age
>>> print distance

Result
John
17
100.00
úp,H lsysmhlgu tlu w.h wdfoaY lsÍuo isÿ l< yelsh'
µ

A = B = C = 10

mhs;ka NdIdj ;=< Ndú;d jk m%Odk o;a; m%rEm ^Data types& fïjd j¾.lsysmhls' data structures
f,iskao y`ÿkajhs'
1) Numbers
int (signed numbers)
long (long integers octal and Hexadecimal)
float (floating point real values)
complex (complex numbers)

04
2) string (character values)
3) List [ ]
4) Tuple ()
5) Dictionary {}

Mathematical functions

1) abs (x) :- absolute value of x(positive) distance between x and zero

syntax :- abs (x)

2) ceil (x) :- smallest integer not less than x

syntax :- import math
math. ceil (x)

3) exp (x) :- exponential of x ex

syntax :- import math
math.exp (x)

4) floor (x) :- returns integer not greater than x

syntax :- import math
math.floor (x)
y
5) paw (x) :- returns value of x
syntax :- import math
math.paw (x,y)

6) round (x) :- rounded to n digit (jeghSu)

syntax :- import math
math.round (x [n]);

7) sqrt (x) :- square root of x

syntax :- import math
math.sqrt (x)

# using numerical functions in python

import math # math module from library

a = -45
>>> print abs (a);
b = -45.17
>>> print math.ceil (b)
c = 10.2
>>> print math.exp (c);
d = 45.74
>>> print math.floor (d)
>>> print math.pow (2.5)
>>> print round (45.526,2);
e = 25
>>> print math.sqrt (25)
Result
45
-45.0
3.71703186841 - 05
45.0
32.0
45.53
5.0

05