# Documentation Django 3.1.9.dev

# Comment est constitué Django ?

Ce document explique comment est réalisée une publication de Django.

Veuillez s’il-vous-plaît garder ces instructions à jour si vous procédez à des modifications ! La clé ici est d’être descriptif et non pas normatif, sentez-vous donc libre de simplifier ou de faire d’autres changements dans la procédure, mais alors mettez à jour ce document en fonction !

## Aperçu

Il peut être nécessaire d’effectuer trois différents types de publications :

- Publications de sécurité : annonce et résolution d’une vulnérabilité. Cela implique généralement deux ou trois publications simultanées – par ex. 1.5.x, 1.6.x et selon le timing, peut-être une 1.7 alpha/beta/rc.
- Publications de version normale : soit une publication finale (par ex. 1.5) ou une mise à jour corrective (par ex. 1.5.1).
- Prépublications : par ex. 1.6 alpha, bêta ou rc.

La version courte des étapes à suivre est :

1. S’il s’agit d’une publication de sécurité, prénotifier la liste de distribution de sécurité une semaine avant la publication effective.
2. Relire les notes de publication, particulièrement en ce qui concerne leur organisation et leur formulation. Écrire un brouillon d’article de blog et de courriel d’annonce.
3. Mettre à jour les numéros de version et créer le ou les paquets de la publication.
4. Envoyer le ou les paquets sur le serveur `djangoproject.com`.
5. Envoyer la ou les nouvelles versions au serveur PyPI.
6. Déclarer la nouvelle version dans l’interface d’administration de `djangoproject.com`.
7. Publier l’article de blog et envoyer le courriel d’annonce.
8. Mettre à jour les numéros de version après la publication.

Il y a beaucoup de détails, accrochez-vous !

## Prérequis

Vous avez besoin d’un certain nombre de choses avant de commencer :

- Une clé GPG. Si la clé que vous souhaitez utiliser n’est pas votre clé de signature par défaut, vous devrez ajouter `-u vous@example.com` à chaque commande de signature GPG ci-dessous, où `vous@example.com` est l’adresse de courriel associée à la clé que vous allez utiliser.

- Une installation de quelques paquets Python indispensables

      $ python -m pip install wheel twine

- Un accès au compte Django sur PyPI. Créez un fichier avec vos informations d’authentification :

  ~/.pypirc

      [pypi]
      username:YourUsername
      password:YourPassword

- Un accès au serveur `djangoproject.com` pour y envoyer des fichiers.

- Un accès à l’interface d’administration de `djangoproject.com` comme « mainteneur de site ».

- Un droit de publication sur `django-announce`.

- S’il s’agit d’une publication de sécurité, un accès à la liste de distribution de prénotification.

If this is your first release, you’ll need to coordinate with another releaser to get all these things lined up.

## Pre-release tasks

A few items need to be taken care of before even beginning the release process. This stuff starts about a week before the release; most of it can be done any time leading up to the actual release:

1. If this is a security release, send out pre-notification one week before the release. The template for that email and a list of the recipients are in the private `django-security` GitHub wiki. BCC the pre-notification recipients. Sign the email with the key you’ll use for the release and include CVE IDs (requested with Vendor: djangoproject, Product: django) and patches for each issue being fixed. Also, notify django-announce of the upcoming security release.

2. As the release approaches, watch Trac to make sure no release blockers are left for the upcoming release.

3. Check with the other committers to make sure they don’t have any uncommitted changes for the release.

4. Relisez les notes de publication, ce qui implique aussi la version en ligne pour trouver d’éventuels liens cassés ou erreurs de syntaxe reST, et vérifiez que la date des notes de publication est correcte.

5. Double-check that the release notes mention deprecation timelines for any APIs noted as deprecated, and that they mention any changes in Python version support.

6. Double-check that the release notes index has a link to the notes for the new release; this will be in `docs/releases/index.txt`.

7. If this is a feature release, ensure translations from Transifex have been integrated. This is typically done by a separate translation’s manager rather than the releaser, but here are the steps. Provided you have an account on Transifex:

       $ python scripts/manage_translations.py fetch

   and then commit the changed/added files (both .po and .mo). Sometimes there are validation errors which need to be debugged, so avoid doing this task immediately before a release is needed.

8. Update the django-admin manual page:

       $ cd docs
       $ make man
       $ man _build/man/django-admin.1  # do a quick sanity check
       $ cp _build/man/django-admin.1 man/django-admin.1

   and then commit the changed man page.

9. If this is the alpha release of a new series, create a new stable branch from master. For example, when releasing Django 3.1:

       $ git checkout -b stable/3.1.x origin/master
       $ git push origin -u stable/3.1.x:stable/3.1.x

10. If this is the « dot zero » release of a new series, create a new branch from the current stable branch in the django-docs-translations repository. For example, when releasing Django 2.2:

        $ git checkout -b stable/2.2.x origin/stable/2.1.x
        $ git push origin stable/2.2.x:stable/2.2.x

## Préparation de la publication

Écrivez l’article de blog d’annonce de la publication. Vous pouvez l’écrire dans le site d’administration tout en le marquant comme inactif. Voici quelque exemples : exemple d’annonce de publication de sécurité, exemple d’annonce de publication normale, exemple d’annonce de pré-publication.

## Actually rolling the release

OK, this is the fun part, where we actually push out a release!

1. Check Jenkins is green for the version(s) you’re putting out. You probably shouldn’t issue a release until it’s green.

2. A release always begins from a release branch, so you should make sure you’re on a stable branch and up-to-date. For example:

       $ git checkout stable/1.5.x
       $ git pull

3. If this is a security release, merge the appropriate patches from `django-security`. Rebase these patches as necessary to make each one a plain commit on the release branch rather than a merge commit. To ensure this, merge them with the `--ff-only` flag; for example:

       $ git checkout stable/1.5.x
       $ git merge --ff-only security/1.5.x

   (This assumes `security/1.5.x` is a branch in the `django-security` repo containing the necessary security patches for the next release in the 1.5 series.)

   If git refuses to merge with `--ff-only`, switch to the security-patch branch and rebase it on the branch you are about to merge it into (`git checkout security/1.5.x; git rebase stable/1.5.x`) and then switch back and do the merge. Make sure the commit message for each security fix explains that the commit is a security fix and that an announcement will follow (example security commit).

4. For a feature release, remove the `UNDER DEVELOPMENT` header at the top of the release notes and add the release date on the next line. For a patch release, replace `*Under Development*` with the release date. Make this change on all branches where the release notes for a particular version are located.

5. Update the version number in `django/__init__.py` for the release. Please see notes on setting the VERSION tuple below for details on `VERSION`.

6. If this is a pre-release package, update the « Development Status » trove classifier in `setup.cfg` to reflect this. Otherwise, make sure the classifier is set to `Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable`.

7. Tag the release using `git tag`. For example:

       $ git tag --sign --message="Tag 1.5.1" 1.5.1

   You can check your work by running `git tag --verify <tag>`.

8. Push your work, including the tag: `git push --tags`.

9. Make sure you have an absolutely clean tree by running `git clean -dfx`.

10. Run `make -f extras/Makefile` to generate the release packages. This will create the release packages in a `dist/` directory.

11. Generate the hashes of the release packages:

        $ cd dist
        $ md5sum *
        $ sha1sum *
        $ sha256sum *

12. Create a « checksums » file, `Django-<<VERSION>>.checksum.txt` containing the hashes and release information. Start with this template and insert the correct version, date, GPG key ID (from `gpg --list-keys --keyid-format LONG`), release URL, and checksums:

        This file contains MD5, SHA1, and SHA256 checksums for the source-code
        tarball and wheel files of Django <<VERSION>>, released <<DATE>>.

        To use this file, you will need a working install of PGP or other
        compatible public-key encryption software. You will also need to have
        the Django release manager's public key in your keyring; this key has
        the ID ``XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX`` and can be imported from the MIT
        keyserver. For example, if using the open-source GNU Privacy Guard
        implementation of PGP:

            gpg --keyserver pgp.mit.edu --recv-key XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

        Once the key is imported, verify this file::

            gpg --verify <<THIS FILENAME>>

        Once you have verified this file, you can use normal MD5, SHA1, or SHA256
        checksumming applications to generate the checksums of the Django
        package and compare them to the checksums listed below.

        Release packages:
        =================

        https://www.djangoproject.com/m/releases/<<RELEASE TAR.GZ FILENAME>>
        https://www.djangoproject.com/m/releases/<<RELEASE WHL FILENAME>>

        MD5 checksums:
        ==============

        <<MD5SUM>>  <<RELEASE TAR.GZ FILENAME>>
        <<MD5SUM>>  <<RELEASE WHL FILENAME>>

        SHA1 checksums:
        ===============

        <<SHA1SUM>>  <<RELEASE TAR.GZ FILENAME>>
        <<SHA1SUM>>  <<RELEASE WHL FILENAME>>

        SHA256 checksums:
        =================

        <<SHA256SUM>>  <<RELEASE TAR.GZ FILENAME>>
        <<SHA256SUM>>  <<RELEASE WHL FILENAME>>

13. Sign the checksum file (`gpg --clearsign --digest-algo SHA256 Django-<version>.checksum.txt`). This generates a signed document, `Django-<version>.checksum.txt.asc` which you can then verify using `gpg --verify Django-<version>.checksum.txt.asc`.

If you’re issuing multiple releases, repeat these steps for each release.

## Making the release(s) available to the public

Now you’re ready to actually put the release out there. To do this:

1. Upload the release package(s) to the djangoproject server, replacing A.B. with the appropriate version number, e.g. 1.5 for a 1.5.x release:

       $ scp Django-* djangoproject.com:/home/www/www/media/releases/A.B

   If this is the alpha release of a new series, you will need to create the directory A.B.

2. Upload the checksum file(s):

       $ scp Django-A.B.C.checksum.txt.asc djangoproject.com:/home/www/www/media/pgp/Django-A.B.C.checksum.txt

3. Test that the release packages install correctly using `easy_install` and `pip`. Here’s one method:

       $ RELEASE_VERSION='1.7.2'
       $ MAJOR_VERSION=`echo $RELEASE_VERSION| cut -c 1-3`

       $ python -m venv django-easy-install
       $ . django-easy-install/bin/activate
       $ easy_install https://www.djangoproject.com/m/releases/$MAJOR_VERSION/Django-$RELEASE_VERSION.tar.gz
       $ deactivate
       $ python -m venv django-pip
       $ . django-pip/bin/activate
       $ python -m pip install https://www.djangoproject.com/m/releases/$MAJOR_VERSION/Django-$RELEASE_VERSION.tar.gz
       $ deactivate
       $ python -m venv django-pip-wheel
       $ . django-pip-wheel/bin/activate
       $ python -m pip install https://www.djangoproject.com/m/releases/$MAJOR_VERSION/Django-$RELEASE_VERSION-py3-none-any.whl
       $ deactivate

   This just tests that the tarballs are available (i.e. redirects are up) and that they install correctly, but it’ll catch silly mistakes.

4. Ask a few people on IRC to verify the checksums by visiting the checksums file (e.g. https://www.djangoproject.com/m/pgp/Django-1.5b1.checksum.txt) and following the instructions in it. For bonus points, they can also unpack the downloaded release tarball and verify that its contents appear to be correct (proper version numbers, no stray `.pyc` or other undesirable files).

5. Upload the release packages to PyPI (for pre-releases, only upload the wheel file):

       $ twine upload -s dist/*

6. Go to the Add release page in the admin, enter the new release number exactly as it appears in the name of the tarball (Django-<version>.tar.gz). So for example enter « 1.5.1 » or « 1.4c2 », etc. If the release is part of an LTS branch, mark it so.

   If this is the alpha release of a new series, also create a Release object for the final release, ensuring that the Release date field is blank, thus marking it as unreleased. For example, when creating the Release object for `3.1a1`, also create `3.1` with the Release date field blank.

7. Make the blog post announcing the release live.

8. For a new version release (e.g. 1.5, 1.6), update the default stable version of the docs by flipping the `is_default` flag to `True` on the appropriate `DocumentRelease` object in the `docs.djangoproject.com` database (this will automatically flip it to `False` for all others); you can do this using the site’s admin.

   Create new `DocumentRelease` objects for each language that has an entry for the previous release. Update djangoproject.com’s robots.docs.txt file by copying entries from `manage_translations.py robots_txt` from the current stable branch in the `django-docs-translations` repository. For example, when releasing Django 2.2:

       $ git checkout stable/2.2.x
       $ git pull
       $ python manage_translations.py robots_txt

9. Post the release announcement to the django-announce, django-developers, and django-users mailing lists. This should include a link to the announcement blog post.

10. If this is a security release, send a separate email to oss-security@lists.openwall.com. Provide a descriptive subject, for example, « Django » plus the issue title from the release notes (including CVE ID). The message body should include the vulnerability details, for example, the announcement blog post text. Include a link to the announcement blog post.

11. Add a link to the blog post in the topic of the `#django` IRC channel: `/msg chanserv TOPIC #django new topic goes here`.

## Post-release

You’re almost done! All that’s left to do now is:

1. Update the `VERSION` tuple in `django/__init__.py` again, incrementing to whatever the next expected release will be. For example, after releasing 1.5.1, update `VERSION` to `VERSION = (1, 5, 2, 'alpha', 0)`.
2. Add the release in Trac’s versions list if necessary (and make it the default by changing the `default_version` setting in the code.djangoproject.com’s trac.ini, if it’s a final release). The new X.Y version should be added after the alpha release and the default version should be updated after « dot zero » release.
3. If this was a security release, update Archive des issues de sécurité with details of the issues addressed.

## New stable branch tasks

There are several items to do in the time following the creation of a new stable branch (often following an alpha release). Some of these tasks don’t need to be done by the releaser.

1. Create a new `DocumentRelease` object in the `docs.djangoproject.com` database for the new version’s docs, and update the `docs/fixtures/doc_releases.json` JSON fixture, so people without access to the production DB can still run an up-to-date copy of the docs site.
2. Create a stub release note for the new feature version. Use the stub from the previous feature release version or copy the contents from the previous feature version and delete most of the contents leaving only the headings.
3. Increase the default PBKDF2 iterations in `django.contrib.auth.hashers.PBKDF2PasswordHasher` by about 20% (pick a round number). Run the tests, and update the 3 failing hasher tests with the new values. Make sure this gets noted in the release notes (see the 1.8 release notes for an example).
4. Remove features that have reached the end of their deprecation cycle. Each removal should be done in a separate commit for clarity. In the commit message, add a « refs #XXXX » to the original ticket where the deprecation began if possible.
5. Remove `.. versionadded::`, `.. versionadded::`, and `.. deprecated::` annotations in the documentation from two releases ago. For example, in Django 1.9, notes for 1.7 will be removed.
6. Add the new branch to Read the Docs. Since the automatically generated version names (« stable-A.B.x ») differ from the version names used in Read the Docs (« A.B.x »), create a ticket requesting the new version.

## Notes on setting the VERSION tuple

La version de Django est contrôlée par le tuple `VERSION` dans `django/__init__.py`. C’est un tuple à cinq éléments, contenant :

1. La version majeure.
2. La version mineure.
3. La version micro.
4. Le statut, qui peut-être « alpha », « beta », « rc » ou « final ».
5. Le numéro de série, dans le cas des versions alpha/beta/RC qui se font suite (autorisant, par exemple, « beta 1 », « beta 2 », etc.).

Pour une version finale, le statut est toujours « final » et le numéro de série 0. Un numéro de série à 0 avec le statut « alpha » est signalé comme une « pre-alpha ».

Quelques exemples :

- `(1, 2, 1, 'final', 0)` → « 1.2.1 »
- `(1, 3, 0, 'alpha', 0)` → « 1.3 pre-alpha »
- `(1, 3, 0, 'beta', 2)` → « 1.3 beta 2 »