Glossary
A comprehensive glossary of terms used in the capital markets, IoT, telemetry, and data infrastructure.
A
ACID TableAdaptive Trading AlgorithmsAdvanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP)Aggregation PipelineAI-Augmented Portfolio OptimizationAlert ThresholdingAlgorithmic Execution StrategiesAlgorithmic Portfolio RebalancingAlgorithmic Risk ControlsAlgorithmic Stablecoins and Systemic RiskAlgorithmic TradingAlternative Data SourcesAlternative Liquidity PoolsAnalytical Query EngineAnomaly Detection in Industrial SystemsAnomaly Detection in Time Series DataAnomaly ScoreApache HudiApache IcebergApache Parquet, What It Is and Why to Use ItAppend-only LogAppend-only StorageArbitrage-Free Pricing ModelsArithmetic CodingAsset Price CorrelationAtomic TransactionsAuction MechanismsAutocorrelation FunctionAutomated Market Makers (AMM)Availability ZoneAvro
B
BackfillBackpressure (Data Streaming)Backpressure HandlingBackpressure ProtocolBacktestingBASE ModelBasel IIIBatch BoundaryBatch IngestionBatch vs. Stream ProcessingBatch WindowingBayesian Inference in Quant TradingBayesian UpdatingBenchmark IndexBinomial Option Pricing ModelBlack-Scholes Model for Option PricingBlack-Scholes Model LimitationsBlock Trade ReportingBlockchain-Based Repo MarketsBloom FilterBootstrap ResamplingBulk Synchronous ProcessingBuy-Side vs Sell-Side Trading
C
Cache EvictionCAP TheoremCapital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)Capital Markets InfrastructureCardinality EstimationCausal Inference in Economic Time SeriesCentral Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) ModelsCentral Counterparty Clearing (CCP)Change Data Capture (CDC)Changelog StreamChangepoint DetectionClassification in Statistical AnalysisClock DriftCloud Native Data ProcessingCloud-native DatabaseCloud-native Time-series DatabasesCluster RebalancingCold Start QueryCold vs Hot StorageColumn PruningColumnar DatabaseColumnar File FormatColumnar vs Row-Oriented DatabasesCommodity Price IndexCommon Table ExpressionCompacted TopicCompactionComplex Event Processing (CEP)Comprehensive Overview of Finite Difference Methods for Option PricingCompression RatioComputational FinanceConcurrency ControlConsensus AlgorithmConsistency TradeoffContinuous AuditingContinuous Data IntegrationContinuous Query ProcessingConvexity Adjustments in Interest Rate DerivativesConvexity HedgingCopula Functions for Correlation ModelingCopy-on-writeCost-based OptimizerCoupon Bond Pricing FormulaCPU-bound QueryCredible IntervalCredit Default Swap CDS PricingCross-asset CorrelationCross-asset Trading StrategiesCross-Border Payment SettlementCross-Chain Liquidity AggregationCross-correlationCrossed MarketCRUDCSV IngestionCumulative Sum Control ChartCurve Fitting in Time Series Analysis
D
Dark PoolsData Archiving for Time-series DatabasesData Compression Techniques for Time SeriesData Integrity VerificationData LakeData Lake IntegrationData Lake Query EngineData LakehouseData Loss WindowData Partitioning StrategiesData ProvenanceData Retention PolicyData SerializationData ShardingData SkewData SparsityData StreamingData WarehouseDatabase PartitioningDead Letter QueueDecentralized Clearing MechanismsDecentralized Finance (DeFi)Decentralized Identity VerificationDeduplication KeyDeep Learning for Order Flow PredictionDelayed DeliveryDelta HedgingDelta Hedging vs Gamma HedgingDelta LakeDelta-Neutral Hedging StrategiesDelta-Neutral Portfolio ConstructionDerivatives Pricing ModelsDerived TableDevice ID ResolutionDevice TelemetryDickey-Fuller TestDifferential EntropyDigital Asset Custody and Cold StorageDigital Twin TechnologyDiscretionary OrdersDistributed Event ProcessingDistributed Ledger Technology (DLT)Distributed SQLDistributed TracingDownsampling (data processing)Downsampling StrategyDurabilityDynamic Hedging
E
Edge AnalyticsEdge BufferingEigenvector CentralityEmbedded Finance InfrastructureEnergy Market ForecastingEntropy Measures in Financial Data CompressionEvent BatchEvent EnvelopeEvent SourcingEvent TimeEvent-Driven Architecture (EDA)Event-driven MicroservicesEventual ConsistencyExchange Co-Location StrategiesExecution AlgorithmsExecution Slippage MeasurementExotic Derivatives PricingExotic Option StructuresExponential Moving AverageExponential SmoothingExpression Simplification
F
Fair Value Models in TradingFama-French Three-Factor ModelFault Tolerant SystemsFederated Query EnginesFile CompactionFill ProbabilityFilter ClauseFinancial Instrument Reference DataFinancial Risk ModelingFirst-Write-WinsFixed Income AnalyticsFixed Income Trading PlatformsFlash CrashFlash Loan ArbitrageForecast HorizonForecasting in Time Series or Statistical AnalysisFormat NegotiationFourier Transform in High Frequency Trading Signal ProcessingFront RunningFull Table ScanFutures Basis and Cost of Carry Models
G
H
Hash JoinHeartbeat EventHeatmap AggregationHedging Strategies with Futures ContractsHeston Model for Stochastic VolatilityHidden Markov Models in Order Flow PredictionHidden OrdersHidden PartitioningHigh AvailabilityHigh CardinalityHigh Frequency Data SamplingHigh Frequency Mean Reversion StrategiesHigh-Cardinality Time-Series MetricsHigh-frequency Sensor DataHigh-Frequency Trading RiskHistogram BinningHistorical Data ReplayHuffman CodingHybrid Row-columnar StorageHyperLogLog (data structure)
I
Iceberg CatalogIceberg orderIdempotencyIdempotent WriteImmutable Data PatternImplementation Shortfall AnalysisImplied Volatility CalculationImplied Volatility SkewImplied Volatility Term StructureIndex ScanIndexing StrategyIndustrial Data HistorianIndustrial IoT (IIoT) DataIndustrial Process Control DataInformation GainInformation Ratio in Quant Trading PerformanceIngestion BufferIngestion ContractIngestion FormatIngestion IntervalIngestion LatencyIngestion PipelineIngestion RateIngestion SchemaIngestion TimestampInstrumentation OverheadInter-Dealer BrokersInterest Rate Swaps and HedgingIntertemporal Capital Asset Pricing Model (ICAPM)IoT Time-Series Data StorageIrregular Time IntervalsIto's Lemma in Stochastic Calculus
L
Ladders in Financial MarketsLag FunctionLag MonitoringLag Operator Notation in Time Series ModelingLakehouse ArchitectureLaplace Approximation in Bayesian StatisticsLasso RegressionLate Arriving DataLatency ArbitrageLatency Arbitrage ModelsLatency Measurement TechniquesLatency SensitivityLayer 1 vs Layer 2 Scaling TradeoffsLayer 3 Scaling SolutionsLead FunctionLeader ElectionLimit Order BookLimit Orders in Financial MarketsLine ProtocolLiquidityLiquidity Adjusted Capital Asset Pricing ModelLiquidity AggregationLiquidity Provider (LP)Load SheddingLocality-sensitive HashingLocked and Crossed MarketsLog-likelihood FunctionLog-structured Merge TreeLow Latency Trading Networks
M
Machine Learning for Market PredictionMaker-Taker ModelMarket Abuse Regulation (MAR)Market Data Feed HandlersMarket Data Replay SystemMarket Data Time-Series DatabaseMarket Data Time-Series SchemaMarket DepthMarket Depth HeatmapMarket FragmentationMarket Impact CostMarket Impact ModelsMarket Liquidity RiskMarket Making AlgorithmsMarket Regime Change Detection with MLMarket Regime Detection Using Hidden Markov ModelsMarket Replay SystemsMarket Surveillance SystemsMarket-Making in DerivativesMarkowitz Efficient FrontierMartingale Pricing TheoryMaterializationMaterialized Lake ViewMaximum Likelihood EstimationMean Reversion Trading StrategiesMean Squared Prediction Error (MSPE)Mean-Reverting Process in Quant StrategiesMean-Variance OptimizationMemory MappingMemory-bound QueryMerge-on-readMessage ReplayMetadata ManifestMetadata PruningMetric CardinalityMetrics BackendMetrics Collection AgentMillisecond PrecisionMinimum Description LengthMonte Carlo Path Dependent Option PricingMonte Carlo Simulations for DerivativesMulti-tenancy (Database Architecture)Multi-version Concurrency ControlMutual Information
N
O
Object StorageObservability MetricsObservability StackOLAPOLTPOLTP vs OLAP vs Time-Series DatabasesOn-Chain vs Off-Chain SettlementOpen Data LakeOpen Format DatabasesOperational Technology (OT) MonitoringOptimal Execution Strategies - Almgren-Chriss ModelOptimal Stopping Theory in Trading AlgorithmsORC FileOrder Book Data StorageOrder Book ImbalanceOrder Execution AlgorithmsOrder Flow Imbalance ModelsOrder Flow ToxicityOrder Imbalance StrategiesOrder LifecycleOrder Management System (OMS)Order Matching EngineOrder ThrottlingOrnstein-Uhlenbeck Process for Mean ReversionOut-of-order EventOut-of-order IngestionOut-of-sync SensorOutlier Detection
P
Packet Loss MitigationPage CachePairs Trading StrategyParameter IdentifiabilityPartial Autocorrelation FunctionPartition PruningPassive vs Aggressive Order StrategiesPayload EnrichmentPayload FormatPegged OrdersPercentile ApproximationPortfolio OptimizationPortfolio Rebalancing AlgorithmsPosition Management SystemsPre-Trade Risk AnalyticsPre-trade Risk ChecksPredicate PushdownPredictive Load ForecastingPredictive Maintenance AnalyticsPrincipal Component Analysis (PCA) for Portfolio RiskPrincipal Trading vs Agency TradingPrincipal Trading vs Riskless Principal TradingPrior DistributionProbability of Informed Trading (PIN) ModelsProcessing TimeProjection PruningProtocol Buffer IngestionProtocol Buffers (Protobuf)
Q
R
Radial Basis Function KernelRaft ConsensusRank FunctionRead-after-write ConsistencyReal-time AnalyticsReal-Time Analytics DatabaseReal-time DashboardingReal-time Data IngestionReal-time Data VisualizationReal-Time Portfolio OptimizationReal-time Risk AssessmentReal-time Trade SurveillanceRecovery Time ObjectiveReinforcement Learning for Optimal Market ExecutionReinforcement Learning in Market MakingRelational DatabaseReplication FactorReplication LagRepo Market Liquidity CrisisReservoir SamplingRetention-aware QueriesRisk Management in Swaps TradingRisk Parity Portfolio ConstructionRisk Reversal in Options TradingRisk Weighted Assets (RWA) Calculation in Basel IIIRisk-Adjusted Return for Fixed IncomeRisk-Neutral Measure in Derivative PricingRisk-Neutral MeasuresRolling Window AnalysisRollup TableRollups and Data Availability SolutionsRoot Mean Squared Error (RMSE)
S
Sampling ResolutionSchema EvolutionSchema on ReadSchema on WriteSeasonality DecompositionSeasonality ModelingSegmentation in Time- Series or Statistical AnalysisSensor FusionSensor Fusion AnalyticsSensor ID MappingSentiment Analysis in Market ForecastingSettlement Finality in TradingShannon EntropyShapley Value in Financial Risk AttributionShardingSharpe Ratio CalculationSharpe Ratio vs Sortino RatioSignal SmoothingSimple Moving AverageSketch AlgorithmSketching AlgorithmsSliding WindowSlippageSlippage and Market Impact EstimationSmart Contract-Based LendingSmart Contracts in Market InfrastructureSmart Order Routing (SOR)Smoothing KernelSmoothing SplineSnapshot IsolationSort BufferSovereign Bond Yield SpreadsSpectral Analysis for Market SignalsSpectral Clustering for Regime ChangesStaking Derivatives in DeFiState-space ModelStationarity TestStatistical Arbitrage (Stat Arb)Statistical Power Analysis in Backtesting ModelsStatistical Risk ModelsStochastic Differential Equations in FinanceStorage Engine (Glossary)Storage TieringStream ProcessingStreaming Feature ExtractionStreaming Time-Series IngestionStrong ConsistencyStructured vs. Unstructured Time-Series DataSubquerySurvival Analysis in Default Risk EstimationSwap Pricing FormulasSwap Spread Dynamics and Credit RiskSynthetic Market Data GenerationSynthetic MonitoringSynthetic StablecoinsSystem ResilienceSystematic ArbitrageSystemic Market Risk
T
Table FormatTabular Data LayerTag ExplosionTelemetry DataTelemetry RetentionTelemetry RollupsTemporal Data ModelingTemporal JoinTerm Structure of Interest Rates Vasicek CIR ModelsTest ErrorThe Great Guide to OHLC CandlesticksThread SchedulingTick DataTick Data Storage ArchitectureTime BucketingTime Series Data AnalysisTime Travel QueryTime-based PartitioningTime-encoded PayloadTime-range FilterTime-Series Compression AlgorithmsTime-series databaseTime-Series ETLTime-series HistogramTime-series IndexTime-Series MetricsTime-Synchronized Data StreamsTime-Weighted Average Price (TWAP)Timescale FactorTimestamp AlignmentTimestamp PrecisionTimestamp Synchronization (PTP/NTP)Tombstone RecordTrace CorrelationTrade Crossing NetworksTrade Execution QualityTrade Lifecycle ManagementTrade Reconstruction RequirementsTrade SurveillanceTransaction Cost Analysis in High Frequency TradingTransaction Cost ModelingTransaction Latency AnalysisTransaction Reporting RequirementsTransaction TimestampingTransactional LogTransactional TableTrend ComponentTrend DetectionTrend-Following AlgorithmsTumbling WindowType Coercion