Class 12 NCERT Solutions- Mathematics Part I - Chapter 4 Determinants - Exercise 4.6 | Set 1

Last Updated : 23 Jul, 2025

Examine the consistency of the system of equations in Exercises 1 to 6.

Question 1. x + 2y = 2

                            2x + 3y = 3

Solution:

Matrix form of the given equations is AX = B

where, A =\begin{bmatrix}1 & 2 \\2 & 3 \\\end{bmatrix}       , B = \begin{bmatrix}2 \\3 \\\end{bmatrix}        and, X = \begin{bmatrix}x\\y\\\end{bmatrix}

∴  \begin{bmatrix}1 & 2 \\2 & 3 \\\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}x\\y\\\end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix}2 \\3 \\\end{bmatrix}

Now, |A| = {\begin{vmatrix}1&2\\2&3\end{vmatrix}}  = 3-4 = -1 ≠ 0

∵ Inverse of matrix exists, unique solution.

∴ System of equation is consistent.

Question 2. 2x - y = 5 

                            x + y = 4

Solution:

Matrix form of the given equations is AX = B

where, A =\begin{bmatrix}2 & -1 \\1 & 1 \\\end{bmatrix}      , B =\begin{bmatrix}5 \\4 \\\end{bmatrix}        and, X =\begin{bmatrix}x\\y\\\end{bmatrix}

∴\begin{bmatrix}2 & -1 \\1 & 1 \\\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}x\\y\\\end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix}5 \\4 \\\end{bmatrix}

Now, |A| ={\begin{vmatrix}2&-1\\1&1\end{vmatrix}}  = 2-(-1) = 3 ≠ 0

∵ Inverse of matrix exists, unique solution.

∴ System of equation is consistent.

Question 3. x + 3y = 5 

                            2x + 6y = 8

Solution:

Matrix form of the given equations is AX = B

where, A =\begin{bmatrix}1 &3  \\2 & 6 \\\end{bmatrix}      , B = \begin{bmatrix}5 \\8 \\\end{bmatrix}       and, X =\begin{bmatrix}x\\y\\\end{bmatrix}

∴ \begin{bmatrix}1 & 3 \\2 & 6 \\\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}x\\y\\\end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix}5 \\8 \\\end{bmatrix}

Now, |A| ={\begin{vmatrix}1&3\\2&6\end{vmatrix}}  = 6-6=0

And, adj. A =\begin{bmatrix}6& -3 \\-2& 1 \\\end{bmatrix}

∴ (adj. A) B = \begin{bmatrix}6 & -3 \\-2 & 1 \\\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}5\\8\\\end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix}30-24 \\-10+8 \\\end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix}6\\-2\\\end{bmatrix} ≠0

∵ Have no common solution.

∴ System of equation is inconsistent.

Question 4. x + y + z = 1 

                            2x + 3y + 2z = 2 

                            ax + ay + 2az = 4

Solution:

Matrix form of the given equations is AX = B

where, A =\begin{bmatrix}1 & 1 & 1\\2 & 3 & 2\\a & a & 2a\end{bmatrix}      , B =\begin{bmatrix}1\\2\\4\end{bmatrix}      and, X =\begin{bmatrix}x\\y\\z\end{bmatrix}

∴  \begin{bmatrix}1 & 1 & 1\\2 & 3 & 2\\a & a & 2a\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}x\\y\\z\end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix}1\\2\\4\end{bmatrix}

Now, |A| = {\begin{vmatrix}1&1&1\\2&3&2\\a&a&2a\end{vmatrix}} = 1(6a-2a)-1(4a-2a)+1(2a-3a)=4a-2a-a=a≠0

∵ Inverse of matrix exists, unique solution.

∴ System of equation is consistent.

Question 5. 3x - y - 2z = 2 

                            2y - z = -1 

                            3x - 5y = 3 

Solution:

Matrix form of the given equations is AX = B

where, A ={\begin{bmatrix}-5&10&5\\-3&6&3\\-6&12&6\end{bmatrix}}      , B=\begin{bmatrix}2\\-1\\3\end{bmatrix}      and, X =\begin{bmatrix}x\\y\\z\end{bmatrix}

∴{\begin{bmatrix}-5&10&5\\-3&6&3\\-6&12&6\end{bmatrix}}\begin{bmatrix}x\\y\\z\end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix}2\\-1\\3\end{bmatrix}

Now, |A| ={\begin{vmatrix}-5&10&5\\-3&6&3\\-6&12&6\end{vmatrix}} = 3(0-5)-(-1)(0+3)+(-2)(0-6)=3(-5)+3+12=-15+15=0

And, adj. A =\begin{bmatrix}-5 & 10 & 5\\-3 & 6 & 3\\-6 & 12 & 6\end{bmatrix}

∴ (adj. A) B =\begin{bmatrix}-5 & 10 & 5\\-3 & 6 & 3\\-6 & 12 & 6\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}2\\-1\\3\end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix}-10-10-15\\-6-6+9 \\-12-12+18\end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix}-5\\-3\\-6\end{bmatrix} ≠0

∴ System of equation is inconsistent.

Question 6. 5x - y + 4z = 5

                            2x + 3y + 5z = 2 

                             5x - 2y + 6z = –1

Solution:

Matrix form of the given equations is AX = B

where, A =\begin{bmatrix}5 & -1 & 4\\2 & 3 & 5\\5 & -2 & 6\end{bmatrix}      , B = \begin{bmatrix}5\\2\\-1\end{bmatrix}      and, X=\begin{bmatrix}x\\y\\z\end{bmatrix}

∴\begin{bmatrix}5 & -1 & 4\\2 & 3 & 5\\5 & -2 & 6\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}x\\y\\z\end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix}5\\2\\-1\end{bmatrix}

Now, |A| =\begin{vmatrix}5 & -1 & 4\\2 & 3 & 5\\5 & -2 & 6\end{vmatrix}=5(8+10)-(-1)(12-25)+4(-4-15)=140-13-76=140-89=51≠0

∵ Inverse of matrix exists, unique solution.

∴ System of equation is consistent.

Solve system of linear equations, using matrix method, in Exercises 7 to 14.

Question 7. 5x + 2y = 4 

                            7x + 3y = 5

Solution:

Matrix form of the given equations is AX = B

where, A=\begin{bmatrix}5 &2  \\7 & 3 \\\end{bmatrix}      , B=\begin{bmatrix}4   \\5 \\\end{bmatrix}      , X=\begin{bmatrix}x\\y\\\end{bmatrix}

∴\begin{bmatrix}5 &2  \\7 & 3 \\\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}x\\y\\\end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix}4   \\5 \\\end{bmatrix}

Now, |A|=\begin{vmatrix}5 &2  \\7 & 3 \\\end{vmatrix}=15-14=1 ≠0

∴Unique solution

Now, X = A-1B =\frac{1}{|A|}      (adj.A)B

\begin{bmatrix}x\\y\\\end{bmatrix}=\frac{1}{1}\begin{bmatrix}3&-2\\-7&5\\\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}4\\5\\\end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix}12-10 \\-28+25 \\\end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix}2  \\- 3 \\\end{bmatrix}

Therefore, x=2 and y=-3

Question 8. 2x - y = -2 

                            3x + 4y = 3

Solution:

Matrix form of the given equations is AX = B

where, A=\begin{bmatrix}2 &-1  \\3 & 4 \\\end{bmatrix}      , B=\begin{bmatrix}-2   \\3 \\\end{bmatrix}      , X=\begin{bmatrix}x\\y\\\end{bmatrix}

∴\begin{bmatrix}2 &-1  \\3 & 4 \\\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}x\\y\\\end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix}-2   \\3 \\\end{bmatrix}

Now, |A|=\begin{vmatrix}2 &-1  \\3 & 4 \\\end{vmatrix}=8-(-3)=8+3=11≠0

∴Unique solution

Now, X = A-1B \frac{1}{|A|}      (adj.A)B

\begin{bmatrix}x\\y\\\end{bmatrix}=\frac{1}{11}\begin{bmatrix}4&1\\-3&2\\\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}-2\\3\\\end{bmatrix}=\frac{1}{11}\begin{bmatrix}-8+3 \\6+6 \\\end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix}-5/11 \\12/11 \\\end{bmatrix}

Therefore, x=-5/11 and y=12/11

Question 9. 4x - 3y = 3

                            3x - 5y = 7

Solution:

Matrix form of the given equations is AX = B

where, A=\begin{bmatrix}4 &-3  \\3 & -5 \\\end{bmatrix}      , B=\begin{bmatrix}3  \\7 \\\end{bmatrix}      , X=\begin{bmatrix}x\\y\\\end{bmatrix}

∴\begin{bmatrix}4 &-3  \\3 & -5 \\\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}x\\y\\\end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix}3  \\7 \\\end{bmatrix}

Now, |A|=\begin{vmatrix}4 &-3  \\3 & -5 \\\end{vmatrix}=-20-(-9)=-20+9=-11≠0

∴Unique solution\begin{vmatrix}4 &-3  \\3 & -5 \\\end{vmatrix}=-20-(-9)=-20+9=-11≠0      n

Now, X =A-1B \frac{1}{|A|}      A(adj.A)B

\begin{bmatrix}x\\y\\\end{bmatrix}=\frac{1}{-11}\begin{bmatrix}-5&3\\-3&4\\\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}3\\7\\\end{bmatrix}=\frac{1}{-11}\begin{bmatrix}-15+21 \\-9+28 \\\end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix}-6/11 \\-19/11 \\\end{bmatrix}

Therefore, x= -6/11 and y= -19/11

Question 10. 5x + 2y = 3 

                               3x + 2y = 5

Solution:

Matrix form of the given equations is AX = B

where, A=\begin{bmatrix}5 &2  \\3 & 2 \\\end{bmatrix}      , B=\begin{bmatrix}3  \\5 \\\end{bmatrix}      , X=\begin{bmatrix}x\\y\\\end{bmatrix}

∴\begin{bmatrix}5 &2  \\3 & 2 \\\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}x\\y\\\end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix}3  \\5 \\\end{bmatrix}

Now, |A|=\begin{vmatrix}5 &2  \\3 & 2 \\\end{vmatrix}=10-6=4≠0

∴Unique solution

Now, X = A-1B\frac{1}{|A|}      A(adj.A)B

\begin{bmatrix}x\\y\\\end{bmatrix}=\frac{1}{4}\begin{bmatrix}2&-2\\-3&5\\\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}3\\5\\\end{bmatrix}=\frac{1}{4}\begin{bmatrix}6-10 \\-9+25 \\\end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix}-1 \\4 \\\end{bmatrix}

Therefore, x= -1 and y= 4

Chapter 4 Determinants - Exercise 4.6 | Set 2

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