Conditional Statements in Python

Last Updated : 22 May, 2026

Conditional statements are used to control the flow of execution in a program based on specific conditions. They allow programs to execute different blocks of code depending on whether a condition evaluates to True or False.

If Statement

If statement is used to execute a block of code only when a specified condition evaluates to True.

1
If Statement
Python 
age = 20
if age >= 18:
    print("Eligible to vote.")

Output
Eligible to vote.

Short Hand if

Short-hand if is used to write if statements in a single line. It is useful when only one statement needs to be executed.

Python 
age = 19
if age > 18: print("Eligible to Vote.")

Output
Eligible to Vote.

If else Statement

If Else statement is used to execute one block of code when the condition is True and another block when the condition is False.

2
If else Conditional Statement
Python 
age = 10
if age <= 12:
    print("Travel for free.")
else:
    print("Pay for ticket.")

Output
Travel for free.

If-elif-else Statement

elif statement is used to check multiple conditions in a program. It executes a block of code when its condition evaluates to True after previous conditions evaluate to False.

Python 
age = 25

if age <= 12:
    print("Child.")
elif age <= 19:
    print("Teenager.")
elif age <= 35:
    print("Young adult.")
else:
    print("Adult.")

Output
Young adult.

Explanation: Since age is 25, it skips the first two conditions (age <= 12 and age <= 19) and the third condition (age <= 35) is True, so it prints "Young adult.".

Nested if-else Statement

Nested if-else statement is an if-else statement placed inside another if or else block. It is used to check conditions within another condition.

6
Nested If Else
Python 
age = 70
is_member = True

if age >= 60:
    if is_member:
        print("30% senior discount!")
    else:
        print("20% senior discount.")
else:
    print("Not eligible for a senior discount.")

Output
30% senior discount!

Ternary Conditional Statement

Ternary conditional statement is a short way to write an if-else statement in a single line. It is used when choosing between two values based on a condition.

Python 
age = 20
s = "Adult" if age >= 18 else "Minor"
print(s)

Output
Adult

Explanation: If age >= 18 is True, status is assigned "Adult". Otherwise, status is assigned "Minor".

Match-Case Statement

Match-Case statement is used to compare a value against multiple patterns and execute the matching block of code. It is similar to the switch-case statement available in other programming languages.

Python 
number = 2

match number:
    case 1:
        print("One")
    case 2 | 3:
        print("Two or Three")
    case _:
        print("Other number")

Output

Two or Three

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