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Constructor functions in JavaScript are regular functions designed to create objects efficiently. They follow two conventions: starting with a capital letter and being executed using the new keyword. When invoked with new, the function creates and returns an object. This process replaces the need for repetitive object literals by allowing multiple objects to share the same structure, such as properties for name and age, which are defined using the this keyword.The new keyword plays a vital role in defining how the function behaves, ensuring that it creates an object and binds this to that object rather than the global window. This makes constructor functions ideal for generating multiple objects with shared characteristics. By passing parameters to the constructor, unique objects can be instantiated efficiently, following conventions that enhance readability and consistency in JavaScript programming. For more detail, please go through -<a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/js-constructor-method/"> JS Constructor Method</a>

JS Constructor Method

Static methods and properties in JavaScript are associated with a class rather than instances of the class. For example, consider a class Children that has a constructor accepting name and age properties, which are assigned using this.name and this.age. These properties are specific to each instance created from the class.Static methods or properties, however, belong directly to the class and are not accessible through instances. They are useful for functionality that doesn't depend on individual object data. For instance, you can create static methods to perform tasks like aggregating data or utility operations related to the class as a whole, without interacting with specific objects. For more detail, please go through - <a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/js-static-methods/">JS Static Methods</a>

Static Properties and Methods - JS

Classical inheritance in JavaScript, introduced in ES6, utilizes the class and extends keywords to enable inheritance and method overloading, making it similar to languages like Java or C++. The super keyword allows access to parent class properties and methods, while static members demonstrate inheritance independently of class instances. This approach provides a structured way to create reusable and hierarchical object relationships.Functional inheritance, on the other hand, uses function constructors to establish relationships between objects, allowing for constructor overriding and method customization. JavaScript also supports extending built-in data types like Array and Error to create custom classes with added functionality. These inheritance models, both classical and functional, offer flexibility for designing robust and modular applications. For more detail, please go through - <a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/javascript-inheritance/">JavaScript Inheritance</a>

JavaScript Class Inheritance

Callbacks in JavaScript are functions passed as arguments to other functions, allowing them to be executed at specific times, often after completing an operation. This mechanism supports asynchronous programming, enabling tasks like loading images, handling form submissions, or performing delayed operations without blocking program execution. Callbacks are integral to JavaScript's event-driven approach and ensure modular code by promoting reusability.The flexibility of callbacks is evident in their use with higher-order functions, closures, and anonymous functions. Examples include using setTimeout for simulating asynchronous tasks or employing Array.forEach to iterate over arrays. Callbacks provide advantages such as efficient asynchronous handling, non-blocking execution, and enhanced user experiences by keeping applications responsive while performing background tasks. For more detail, please got through - <a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/javascript-callbacks/">JavaScript Callbacks</a>

JavaScript Callbacks

The Window object in JavaScript represents the browser window or frame containing the document. It provides properties like window.location, window.history, and window.navigator to interact with the browser's environment and manage the DOM. Developers can access details such as screen dimensions using innerWidth and innerHeight, or utilize localStorage and sessionStorage for data persistence.Additionally, the Window object offers numerous methods, including alert(), prompt(), and confirm(), to display messages or capture user input. Methods like setInterval(), setTimeout(), and scrollTo() enable efficient control over timers and scrolling. With properties and methods for opening, resizing, and managing browser windows, the Window object is a fundamental tool for building interactive web applications. For more detail, please go through - <a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/window-object-in-javascript/">Window Object in JavaScript</a>

Window Object in JavaScript

Mouse events in JavaScript provide developers with the ability to capture user interactions, such as clicks, mouse movements, and button presses. Using event listeners like mousedown, you can determine which mouse button was clicked—left, right, or scroll button—by accessing the event.button property. Additionally, mouse events can provide the x and y coordinates of the click, measured in pixels relative to the top-left corner of the page or the visible area using pageX, pageY, clientX, and clientY.These mouse events have practical applications, such as implementing custom context menus, interactive games, or dynamic interfaces. Developers can capture clicks anywhere on the page using document.body.addEventListener, and they can further customize functionality by checking for modifier keys like Alt, Ctrl, or Command during a mouse event. These features offer a wide range of possibilities for enhancing user interaction in web applications. For more detail, please go through -<a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/javascript-addeventlistener-with-examples/"> JavaScript addEventListener() with Examples</a>

JavaScript Event Listener [Part -3]

Event listeners for input elements in JavaScript allow developers to dynamically capture user input in real-time or upon specific actions. The change event listener triggers when the input field loses focus, providing the value entered, while the input event listener fires every time a change is made while the field is in focus. The focus event listener triggers when the input field is clicked and brought into focus, enabling the retrieval of its current value.Additional event listeners like keyup and keydown enable capturing values as keys are pressed or released, making them useful for real-time input validation or dynamic updates. These listeners, applicable to both input fields and text areas, can be leveraged in form validations, where captured values are tested against conditions like regular expressions to ensure correct formats for inputs like emails or passwords. This enables enhanced interactivity and user experience in web forms. For more detail, please go through - <a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/javascript-addeventlistener-with-examples/">JavaScript addEventListener() with Examples</a>

JavaScript Event Listener [Part -2]

JavaScript event listeners enable dynamic interaction with web elements, allowing developers to define specific actions when events like clicks, focus, or hover occur. For example, by selecting a button using querySelector and adding an event listener with addEventListener, functions can be triggered on a button click to perform tasks like logging messages, toggling text, or changing styles. Event listeners support various types of actions, including toggling classes or dynamically modifying inner text and HTML.Class manipulation using methods like classList.add, classList.remove, and classList.toggle allows developers to change an element’s appearance or behavior based on user interaction. For instance, toggling a button’s color or updating text dynamically enhances user experience. Additionally, by modifying innerText or innerHTML, developers can insert or replace content within HTML elements, creating dynamic and interactive web pages. These techniques form the foundation for building responsive and engaging interfaces. For more detail, please go through - <a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/javascript-addeventlistener-with-examples/">JavaScript addEventListener() with Examples</a>

JavaScript Event Listener [Part -1]

Recursion in JavaScript refers to a function calling itself repeatedly until it meets a termination condition called the Base Case. This process allows solving problems by breaking them into smaller instances of the same problem. For example, recursion can be visualized as running laps on a track that get progressively smaller. To avoid infinite calls, a base case ensures that the recursion terminates. Common use cases of recursion include generating Fibonacci Series, checking for Palindromes, and finding the Longest Common Subsequence.In Example 1, a decrement counter demonstrates recursion by decrementing a number by one and printing the sequence until it reaches 0. Example 2 illustrates recursion for determining whether a number is even or odd by repeatedly subtracting 2 and checking if the result is 0 or 1. These examples showcase how recursion processes a task step-by-step while meeting the base case for termination. For more detail, please go through - <a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/how-to-understand-recursion-in-javascript/">How to Understand Recursion in JavaScript ?</a>

Recursion in JavaScript

Variable Scope in JavaScript determines where a variable can be accessed or modified in the code. Global Scope variables are declared outside functions and can be accessed throughout the program. In contrast, Local Scope variables are declared within a function and are only accessible inside that function. For example, a let variable declared in a function is limited to that scope, while var behaves similarly but with functional scope.Block Scope, introduced with ES6, is associated with variables declared using let and const. These variables exist only within the {} block they are defined in, making them inaccessible outside the block. However, var variables do not have block scope and are accessible outside blocks. These scoping rules ensure variable accessibility and security in JavaScript. For more detail, please go through - <a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-is-variable-scope-in-javascript/">What is Variable Scope in JavaScript ?</a>

Variable Scope - Global, Local and Block Scope in JS

JavaScript Maps are versatile data structures that store key-value pairs, maintaining the order of insertion and supporting various data types as keys. Unlike objects, Maps allow flexible key types such as objects and functions, ensuring unique keys for efficient data retrieval. With operations like set(), get(), and delete(), Maps offer O(1) time complexity for frequent insertions and deletions, making them a robust alternative for managing dynamic key-value data efficiently.Maps provide features like secure key management, unique keys, and easy retrieval of collection size with the size property. They also allow for flexible key types and maintain insertion order, which enhances performance compared to traditional objects. JavaScript Maps are widely used in scenarios like counting frequencies, maintaining dictionaries, and solving problems like finding distinct elements, subarrays with specific sums, or frequent element occurrences in arrays. For more detail, please go through - <a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/javascript-map/">Map in JS</a>

Map in JS

JavaScript is a synchronous and single-threaded language, executing one command at a time in a specific order. The Execution Context is a fundamental concept that defines the environment within which JavaScript code runs. It consists of two phases: the Memory Allocation Phase, where variables and functions are stored in memory, and the Code Execution Phase, where the code is executed line by line, updating stored values.Each function invocation creates a new Execution Context, which is nested within the global context. These contexts are managed using the Call Stack, where the global context is pushed first, followed by function contexts during execution. Once a function completes, its context is popped off the stack. At the end of the program, the global context is also removed, leaving the Call Stack empty. for more detail, please check the full article:-<a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/javascript-code-execution/"> JavaScript Code Execution</a>

JavaScript Code Execution

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