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The Single Responsibility Principle (SRP) in SOLID design ensures that a class or method has only one reason to change. It advocates for splitting complex code into smaller, manageable classes with distinct responsibilities. This reduces code complexity and enhances maintainability. By adhering to SRP, developers can avoid tightly coupled code and make future changes easier.&nbsp; Learn more about the Single Responsibility Principle <a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/single-responsibility-in-solid-design-principle/">here</a>.

Single Responsibility Principle - System Design

A URL shortening service converts long web addresses into shorter, shareable links. It uses encoding techniques like Base62 or MD5 for creating unique short URLs. The system must handle functional requirements like generating short links and real-time redirection. It should be highly available and efficient, with minimal latency.&nbsp; Learn more about the system design of URL shorteners <a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/system-design-url-shortening-service/">here</a>.

Design a tiny URL generator - System Design

Designing Twitter involves understanding both functional and non-functional requirements, including features like tweeting, following, newsfeed, and search. Focus on high availability, scalability, and minimal latency for efficient performance. System design candidates should clarify the problem before diving into technical details. A clear high-level approach to the design is key for success in interviews.&nbsp; Learn more about designing Twitter system architecture <a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/design-twitter-a-system-design-interview-question/">here</a>.

Designing Twitter – System Design

Rate limiting controls the rate of incoming requests to prevent server overload and ensure fair usage. It is crucial for avoiding Denial of Service (DoS) attacks and managing system resources efficiently. The rate limiter API should support multiple rate-limiting rules, error handling, and scalability. It is typically implemented server-side for better security and flexibility.&nbsp; Learn more about designing a Rate Limiter API <a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/how-to-design-a-rate-limiter-api-learn-system-design/">here</a>.

How to Design a Rate Limiter API | Learn System Design

Serverless architecture allows cloud providers to manage server provisioning, scaling, and maintenance, enabling developers to focus solely on code. It is ideal for event-driven, stateless applications with microservices architecture. Popular providers like AWS Lambda, Azure Functions, and Google Cloud Functions offer flexible, scalable solutions. The serverless model optimizes development by eliminating infrastructure concerns.&nbsp; Learn more about Serverless Architecture <a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/serverless-architectures/">here</a>.

Serverless Architecture in System Design

Microservices architecture involves breaking down applications into small, independent services that communicate via APIs. Each service handles a specific business function, allowing for independent development, deployment, and scaling. This approach enhances scalability, maintenance, and resilience. Microservices enable the use of different technologies for each service.&nbsp; Learn more about Microservices Architecture <a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/microservices/">here</a>.

What are Microservices?

Monolithic architecture combines all application components into a single codebase, simplifying development and deployment. It offers tight integration but struggles with scalability and maintenance due to its rigid structure. Despite modern alternatives like microservices, it remains important for its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and performance. Monolithic systems have a centralized database and shared memory.&nbsp; Learn more about Monolithic Architecture <a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/monolithic-architecture-system-design/">here</a>.

Monolithic Architecture - System Design

Back-of-the-envelope estimation is a quick, rough calculation method used to estimate the feasibility or outcome of a problem. It’s helpful when precise data is unavailable, often used for decision-making in system design. This technique involves basic arithmetic and common sense, offering quick approximations. It is especially useful for feasibility assessments, resource allocation, and risk management.&nbsp; Learn more about Back of the Envelope Estimation in System Design <a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/back-of-the-envelope-estimation-in-system-design/">here</a>.

Back of the Envelope Estimation in System Design

The requirements gathering process identifies, analyzes, and documents stakeholder needs to ensure the final system meets expectations. It includes steps like identifying stakeholders, defining objectives, conducting interviews, and prioritizing requirements. This process helps avoid misunderstandings and scope creep. It also improves communication and resource allocation.&nbsp; Learn more about the Requirements Gathering Process <a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-is-requirements-gathering-process/">here</a>.

Framework and Requirement Gathering | System Design

Cache eviction policies determine which data to remove from a cache when it's full. These policies help optimize cache performance by keeping frequently accessed data. Least Recently Used (LRU) evicts the least recently accessed items to make room for new ones. LRU is easy to implement and works well when recent access patterns predict future use.&nbsp; Learn more about Cache Eviction Policies <a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/cache-eviction-policies-system-design/">here</a>.

Cache Eviction Policies | System Design

Cache invalidation is the process of removing or updating outdated cached data to maintain data consistency. It's crucial when the original data changes, preventing issues like stale or incorrect information. Cache invalidation methods, such as time-based, key-based, and write-through, help ensure cached data stays accurate. Incorrect cache management can lead to performance problems and unreliable results.&nbsp; Learn more about Cache Invalidation Methods <a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/cache-invalidation-and-the-methods-to-invalidate-cache/">here</a>.

Cache Invalidation in System Design

A message broker is middleware that facilitates asynchronous communication between different components in a distributed system. It decouples producers and consumers, enabling scalable, reliable message processing. Brokers support messaging patterns like publish-subscribe and point-to-point. They provide features such as message persistence, routing, and protocol transformation.&nbsp; Learn more about Message Brokers in System Design <a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-are-message-brokers-in-system-design/">here</a>.

Issues and Types of Message Brokers in system design

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