Class Notes
Ch. 13 Prejudice: Causes and Cures
INTERGROUP BEHAVIOR
IS A WORLD-WIDE PROBLEM
INTERGROUP BEHAVIOR
BEHAVIOR TOWARD ANOTHER PERSON OR GROUP BASED ON THEIR GROUP IDENTIFICATION GROUP INCLUDES MANY TYPES OF THINGS THAT CAN BE USED TO CATEGORIZE PEOPLE RACE, SEX, NATIONALITY, SOCIAL CLASS, PROFESSION, AGE, SEXUAL IDENTITY, RELIGION, ETC.
IN-GROUP VS OUT-GROUP
IN-GROUP THE GROUP TO WHICH ONE BELONGS OUT-GROUP A GROUP TO WHICH THE PERSON DOES NOT BELONG
ETHNOCENTRISM (IN-GROUP / OUT-GROUP BIAS)
ONES OWN GROUP IS THE CENTER OF EVERYTHING; STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE; DIFFERENT = BAD EXAMPLES ( BALLET VS TRIBAL DANCE, CUSTOMS) IN-GROUP IS BETTER OR MORALLY SUPERIOR THAN OUT-GROUP, AT LEAST IN MORE IMPORTANT WAYS OUT-GROUP IS LESS VARIABLE (OLD & YOUNG SUBJECTS & TARGETS)
CONCEPTS
STEREOTYPE: BELIEFS ABOUT AN IDENTIFIABLE GROUP (LAZY, IMMORAL, UNTRUSTWORTHY) PREJUDICE: AN OVERCATEGORIZED OR UNJUSTIFIED NEGATIVE ATTITUDE ABOUT A MEMBER OF AN OUT-GROUP DISCRIMINATION: UNFAIR TREATMENT BASED ON OUT-GROUP MEMBERSHIP
Prejudice: Automatic & Controlled Processes
Stimulus Prejudiced Response
Stereotype
No
Inhibit Negative Beliefs? Yes
Non-prejudiced Response
CHANGES IN PREJUDICE
% GIVING NONPRDJUDICED ANSWER
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1942 1963 1972 1980 1987 1997 SCHOOLS DINNER MARRIAGE LAW INTERRACIAL DATING
Prejudice & Housing: Willingness to Move Into Neighborhood
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 white 1-2 black few black half black all black
% willing to move in
White Respondent Black Respondent
Neighborhood Composition
PREJUDICE
LESS WIDESPREAD IN U.S. LESS ACCEPTABLE, PERHAPS MORE SUBTLE (BELIEF DISSIMILARITY) AFFECTS INFORMATION PROCESSING
Old Fashioned Vs. Modern Racism/ Sexism
Old-Fashioned
Negative Feelings toward Outgroup Feelings of Superiority Openly Express Dislike
Modern (Symbolic, Aversive)
Belief that Prejudice & Discrimination is Wrong Dont View Self as Prejud. Ambivalence-lack of pos. feelings; egalitarian belief Oppose Policies to Help Outgroup; (Lack self-reliance, individualism, hard work, obedience)
Modern Racism
Murder Trial
Black or White killer
High Prejudiced
Death Penalty More Likely for Black
Low Prejudiced-(Modern Racism)
Death Penalty Less Likely for Black But if Black Juror Recommended Death, Death Penalty More Likely for Black
Prejudice Shows up When it Can Be Defended, and Denied That it is Racially Motivated
Modern Racism
Modern Racism Scale
Discrimination is no longer a problem Blacks get unfair special treatment from govt. It is easy to understand the anger of Blacks
Reaction Time
Positive or Negative Words Paired w/ race; asked to indicate whether they fit For most persons, choices didnt reflect prejudice Slower response to positive words (clean, smart) when paired with Whites
PREJUDICE & INFO.. PROCESSING
Ethnic Defendant judged more guilty
6
Ethnic Defendant NOT judged more guilty
JUDGED GUILT
5 4 3 2 1 0 NAME FIRST NAME LAST ETHNIC NON-ETHNIC
RACISM, SEXISM, ETC.
INDIVIDUAL CULTURAL (OLDEST CITY IN U.S., WHITES BROUGHT CIVILIZATION) INSTITUTIONAL INEQUALITY, CYCLE OF POVERTY AFFIRMATIVE ACTION VS REVERSE DISCRIMINATION
Distribution of Income & Race (2001 data)
25
20
Percent
15 White Black 10
0 <15 15-25 25-40 40-55 56-65 55-100 >100
Family Income
REDUCTION OF PREJUDICE AND DISCRIMINATION
PARENTING, MODELING CONTACT (EQUAL STATUS, NORMS, COOPERATIVE, ACQUAINTANCE POT) COOPERATIVE (SUPERORDINATE) GOALS (JIGSAW CLASSROOMS) ELIMINATE INEQUALITY
INTERGROUP BEHAVIOR
LOOK AT ALL THE EXAMPLES OF INTERGROUP CONFLICT AROUND THE WORLD WE MUST LEARN TO GET ALONG AND, IF NOT APPRECIATE THE DIFFERENCES, TO TOLERATE THEM AND TREAT EACH OTHER WITH RESPECT WE HAVE NO OTHER CHOICE
