Accounting Education: Charting the Course through a Perilous Future by W. Steve Albrecht and Robert J.

Sack

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REFERENCES AND RESOURCES

In conducting this study, we had the opportunity to consult with many people. We are grateful for their contributions. We heard from nearly 1,000 individuals who responded to our surveys. We talked with approximately 120 people in four focus groups. We held one-on-one interviews with 20 individuals. We read all the articles and reports of other studies on our subject that we could find. The transcripts we reviewed and the institutional and business publications we consulted are listed below. We also read many academic articles on the subject, but have not referenced them here because our primary audienceaccounting educatorsshould already be familiar with them and because the articles are readily available using normal search devices.

Transcripts of Focus Group Sessions

Chicago New York Atlanta Los Angeles

Transcripts of Personal Interviews (listed in alphabetical order)

Fred Allardyce. Chair, Financial Executives Institute; Senior Vice President, American Standard, Inc. Jeri Calle. KPMG, Partner-in-Charge, Human ResourcesAssurance Julie H. Collins. Senior Associate Dean, Kenan-Flagler School of Business, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Robert K. Elliott. Chair, AICPA Board of Directors; Partner, KPMG John Hatfield. Dean, the Merrick School of Business, University of Baltimore Paul L. Locatelli. President, Santa Clara University Jim Mallak. Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Textron Automotive Company, Inc. Eli Mason. Senior Partner, Mason & Co.; founding Chairman of the National Council of CPA Practitioners Patricia McConnell. Senior Managing Director, Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc. Bernard J. Milano. President, Beta Alpha Psi; Partner, KPMG Frank Minter. President, Institute of Management Accountants James H. Naus. Partner, Crowe, Chisek & Company, LLP; former managing partner of the firm William F. Ohrt. Vice President and CFO, Dura Automotive Systems, Inc. Stephen J. Pickett. Vice President Information Technology, Penske Corporation Henry B. Schacht. Director and Senior Advisor, E. M. Warburg, Pincus & Co., LLC; former Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Lucent Technologies, Inc. and of Cummins Engine Company, Inc. William G. Shenkir. Farrish Professor of Free Enterprise, the McIntire School of Commerce, University of Virginia; former Dean of the School

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Accounting Education: Charting the Course through a Perilous Future

Jerry D. Sullivan. Executive Director, the Public Oversight Board Robert J. Swieringa. Lindsmith Dean, the Johnson Graduate School of Management, Cornell University Judy Tsui. Professor and Department Chair, City University of Hong Kong Lynn E. Turner. Chief Accountant, U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission

Institutional and Business Articles and Studies

Accounting Education Change Commission (AECC). 1990. Objectives of education for accountants: Position statement number one. Issues in Accounting Education (Fall): 307312. American Accounting Association (AAA), Committee on the Future Structure, Content, and Scope of Accounting Education (The Bedford Committee). 1986. Future accounting education: Preparing for the expanding profession. Issues in Accounting Education (Spring): 168195. , Report of the Changing Environment Committee. 1998. The Future Viability of Accounting Education. Sarasota, FL: AAA. American Assembly of Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB). 19951996. A Report of the AACSB Faculty Leadership Task Force. St Louis, MO: AACSB. . 1999. Brand name B-schools partnering with start-ups for revenue and research. Newsline (Fall): 19. . 2000. Hurr-e up: B-schools striving to get e-business courses and resources up to speed. Newsline (Winter): 111. American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA), The AICPA Special Committee on Financial Reporting. 1994. Improving Business ReportingA Customer Focus: Meeting the Information Needs of Investors and Creditors. New York, NY: AICPA. , CPA Vision Project: Focus on the Horizon. 1998. Executive Summary and CPA Vision Project Focus Groups: Public Practice, Industry, and Government CPAs; also an Addendum: Student Focus Groups. New York, NY: AICPA. . 1997. Supply of Accounting Graduates and the Demand for Public Accounting Recruits. New York, NY: AICPA. . 1998. CPA vision project identifies top five issues for profession. The CPA Letter (April): 1, 12. . 1998. 150-hour education requirement. AICPA web site: [Link] Asahi Evening News. 2000. Universities no longer an ivory tower. (February 10). Baker, Cunningham, Kimmel, and Venable. 1995. Critical Thinking. Edited by Pincus. St. Louis, MO: Federation of Schools of Accountancy. Bartlett, T. 2000. The hottest campus on the Internet. Business Week (January 14): online. Berton, L. 1994. College courses on accounting get poor grade. Wall Street Journal (August 12): B1. Birkett, W., M. Barbera, B. Leithhead, M. Lower, and P. Roebuck. 1999. The Future of Internal Auditing: A Delphi Study. Six volumes. Altamonte Springs, FL: The Institute of Internal Auditors Research Foundation. Boyer, E. 1990. Scholarship Reconsidered. Princeton, NJ: The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. Brackner, J. W. 2000. Suggested Framework for Accounting Curriculum to Begin the 21st Century. Montvale, NJ: IMA. Brown, D. G. 1999. Always in Touch: A Practical Guide to Ubiquitous Computing. WinstonSalem, NC: Wake Forest University Press.

Bibliography and Resources

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Buckman, R. 2000. What price a BMW? At Stanford it may cost only a resume. Wall Street Journal (May 19): A1. Business Week. 2000. Where have all the accountants gone? (March 27): 203204. Byrne, J. A. 2000. Virtual B schools. Business Week (January 14): online. Cargille, Engstrom, Jeffery, and Lavin. 1996. Ethics. Edited by Cunningham. St. Louis, MO: Federation of Schools of Accountancy. Cottel, Drews-Bryan, and McKenzie. 1995. Cooperative Learning. Edited by Pincus. St. Louis, MO: Federation of Schools of Accountancy. The Economist. 1999. Strength in numbers. (November 20): 86. Edmonds, Olds, Ravenscroft, and Rusth. 1996. Testing. Edited by Cunningham. St. Louis, MO: Federation of Schools of Accountancy. Elliott, R. K. 1999. Steering a course for the future. Incoming AICPA chairman remarks, Seattle, WA, October 19. Ernst & Young LLP. 1994. The Challenge of Pervasive Change: Business Education in the Year 2000. New York, NY: Ernst & Young. Fleming, P. D. 1999. Steering a course for the future. Journal of Accountancy (November): 35 39. Grimes, A. 2000. A matter of degree. Wall Street Journal (July 17): R29. Hardin, J. R, D. OBryan, and J. J. Quirin. 2000. Accounting versus engineering, law and medicine: Perceptions of influential high school teachers. Advances in Accounting (17): 205 220. Hargadon, J. 2000. Accounting education: The challenges ahead. PICPA Special Insert, Special Millennium Insert. AICPA. New York, NY. Independence Standards Board (ISB). 1999. Report to the Independence Standards Board: Research into Perceptions of Auditor Independence and Objectivity. New York, NY: ISB. Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA). 1999. A Vision for the Future: Professional Practice Framework for Internal Auditors. Report of the Guidance Task Force to the IIAs Board of Directors. Altamonte Springs, FL: IIA. Institute of Management Accountants (IMA). 1994. What Corporate America Wants in EntryLevel Accountants. Executive summary (with the Financial Executives Institute). Montvale, NJ: IMA. . 1996. The Practice Analysis of Management Accounting: Results of Research. Montvale, NJ: IMA. . 1999. Counting More, Counting Less: Transformations in the Management Accounting Profession. Montvale, NJ: IMA. . 1999. Major shift away from traditional accounting functions revealed in largest continuing analysis of management accounting. IMA Focus (September-November): 12. . 1999. What corporate accountants do! Presentation by C. S. Kulesza, K. Russell, and G. Sundem to the 1999 American Accounting Association Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA. International Federation of Accountants (IFA). 2000. Quality Issues for Internet and Distributed Learning in Accounting Education. New York, NY: IFA. King, J. 2000. Techno MBAs pay off. Computer World (January 14): online. Melancon, B. 1998. The changing strategy for the profession, the CPA and the AICPA: What this means for the education community. Accounting Horizons (December): 397408. Milano, B. 1999. Letter to accounting professors re: Changes in the structure of Beta Alpha Psi. New York, NY. Morreale, J., and C. Licata. 1997. Post Tenure Review: A Guide Book for Academic Administrators of Colleges and Schools of Business. St. Louis, MO: AACSB.

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Accounting Education: Charting the Course through a Perilous Future

Perspectives on Education: Capabilities for Success in the Accounting Profession (The White Paper). 1989. Arthur Andersen & Co., Arthur Young, Coopers & Lybrand, Deloitte Haskins & Sells, Ernst & Whinney, Peat Marwick Main & Co., Price Waterhouse, and Touche Ross. New York, NY. Petersen, M. 1999. Shortage of accounting students raises concerns on audit quality. New York Times (February 19): A1, C34. Pethley and Fremgen. 1999. Whats in a name change? Journal of Accountancy (August): 7174. Public Oversight Board (POB). 1999. Transcripts of the hearings before the Audit Effectiveness Task Force. Stamford, CT: POB. Rebele, Stout, Saunders, and OConner. 1996. Communication. Edited by Cunningham. St. Louis, MO: Federation of Schools of Accountancy. Rowley, D., H. Lujan, and M. Dolence. 1998. Strategic Choices for the Academy: How Life Long Learning Will Recreate Higher Education. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers. Russell, K., and H. Bell. 1998. Financial Professionals in the Corporate World: Best Practice. Videos. Montvale, NJ: IMA. , and Berlin, S. 1999. Accounting education: A position statement for the new millennium. Management Accounting Quarterly (Fall): 3542. , G. Siegel, and C. S. Kulesza. 1999. Counting more, counting less. Strategic Finance (September): 3944. Siegel, G., and C. S. Kulesza. 1996. The coming changes in management accounting education. Management Accounting (January): 4347. Sundem, G. L. 1999. The Accounting Education Change Commission: Its History and Impact. Sarasota, FL: AAA. Weber, T. E. 2000. Allen is wooing elite colleges to teach online. Wall Street Journal (July 28): B1. Wilkerson, J. 2000. A Report on Undergraduate Business Program Quality Factors. Wayne Calloway School of Business and Accountancy. Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC. Winter, G. 2000. In the boom, desperately seeking bean counters. New York Times (June 28): 11.

Audio-Visual Materials
American Accounting Association/AICPA Faculty Development Alliance. 2000. Technology Accounting Education Practice: A Showcase of Successful Ideas. CD-ROM. Sarasota, FL. American Accounting Association, The Accounting Education Change Commission. 1999. Change in Accounting Education: Output from the Accounting Education Change Commission. CD-ROM. Sarasota, FL. AICPA. 1997. Report of the Special Committee on Assurances Services. CD-ROM. New York, NY. . 1999. The CPA Vision: 2001 and Beyond. The future is in your hands. CD-ROM. New York, NY. . 2000. Top technologies 2000: Highlights. Video. New York, NY. . 2000. XFRML. EXtensible Financial Reporting Markup Language. Exposure draft on web site: [Link] The Ross Institute, The Stern School, New York University. 2000. The Demand for and Supply of Accounting Professionals in the Year 2000 and Beyond. Ross Institute Roundtable, April 3. Video. New York, NY.