ABAP Programming Overview
ABAP Course Outline
Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter
Introduction to ABAP List Processing in ABAP Open SQL & Internal Table Event-driven Programming & Selection Screen Chapter 5 : Modularization & Catch Statement Chapter 6 : Message, Debugging, File Transfer and Type Group
1 2 3 4
: : : :
ABAP Chapter 1
Introduction to SAP Architecture ABAP Overview Data Object in ABAP
SAP System : 3 Tier Client/Server
SAP GUI SAP GUI SAP GUI
Presentation Server
SAP Application Server
DB Server
SAP SYSTEM (3 Tier Architecture)
SAP GUI SAP GUI
Presentation Layer
(Windows based)
SAP Instance
Application Layer
(Windows Server/UNIX)
Request Queue
Dispatcher
M
SAP Buffer (Shared Mem)
E G
Database Layer
(Windows Server/UNIX)
Oracle Informix DB2 MS SQL Server MaxDB
Database Server
Dialog Processing
SAP System : Dialog Processing
SAP GUI
Report zpsm1.
Request
Tables customers.
Application Server
Store request to queue
3
Send Request
Generate Screen(List)
10
List
Select single * from customers where id = 1. Write: / customers-name.
Dispatcher
Send List
2 9
Search for free WP
SAP Buffer
Program Table
Request Queue Send request to WP
4
Check Program in Program Buffer
5
Execute ABAP statement
D
8
D
SQL Request
D
6
Load&Gen Program
Database Server
Dialog Work Process Architecture
Dialog Work Process TaskHandler Local Memory
Memory Space
ABAP Processor
List buffer
DYNPRO Processor DB Interface
Result Set Memory
Database Server
ABAP Programming Overview
ABAP Overview
MOVE DATA ...
IF ...
WHILE... SEARCH ... SELECT ... LOOP AT ...
WRITE ...
*Comment...
DO ...
ABAP Advanced Business Application Programming
ABAP Feature
Declaring data with various types and structure Operational elements for data manipulation Control elements for controlling the program flow Event elements for reacting to external events
ABAP
Operating/Database system-independent programming ABAP contains a subset of SQL called Open SQL for comfortable database access for various database
ABAP Programming
ABAP Report Dialog Programming(Transaction)
ABAP Program : Report
Report Program
: attribute type 1 (executable)
Reading
Data
Database
Reading data
Types of ABAP Report
1 3
1. Report Listing
2. Drill-down Report 3. Control-break Report 4. ALV Report
ABAP Program : Dialog Program
Dialog Program
: attribute type M (Module Pool)
Reading
Data
Writing
Database
Reading and changing data
Dialog Program : Transaction
ABAP Programming
How to create ABAP program
Transaction Code : SE38
Transaction : SE38
Program Attribute
ABAP Editor
The Structure of the Language
Each statement must end with a period
DATA tmp TYPE I. WRITE Hello World. WRITE OK.
Literal
DATA tmp TYPE I. WRITE Hello World. WRITE 10. Text Literal
Text Literal
MOVE 9 TO tmp.
Numeric Literal
Chained Statements
Successive statements that have the same string segment can be combined to form a single chained statement To do so, you specify the identical starting segment once and conclude it with a colon (:), the remaining segments are then listed, separated by commas (,) and concluded with a period (.) At runtime, a chained statement is treated like an equivalent sequence of individual ABAP statements
Chained Statements
WRITE Hello World. WRITE OK. = WRITE: Hello World, OK. DATA tmp1 TYPE I. DATA tmp2 TYPE C. = DATA: tmp1 TYPE I, tmp2 TYPE C.
Chained Statement
MOVE sy-subrc TO tmp1. MOVE sy-subrc TO tmp2. MOVE sy-subrc TO tmp3. = MOVE sy-subrc TO: tmp1, tmp2, tmp3.
Chained Statement
PERFORM cal_1 USING a1 a2. PERFORM cal_1 USING a3 a4. = PERFORM cal_1 USING: a1 a2, a3 a4.
Comments
* This is full line comment WRITE Hello World. Write data (partial line comment) WRITE Test.
ABAP Command : Case Sensitivity
ABAP command is not case sensitive
WRITE Hello World. WriTe Hello World. wRiTE Hello World.
Data Objects in ABAP
Data Objects in ABAP
Memory Space
Variable Structure
Table Structure
Internal Table
Constants
<Field-symbols>
Variable
Variable
Variables can be declared at any point in a program Variables can be up to 30 characters in length REPORT ZTEST. DATA firstname TYPE STRING. firstname = John.
Predefined ABAP Data Types
Type
C
D F I N P T X String xstring
Description
Character Date Floating Point Integer Numeric Text
Initial Value
Space
00000000 0.0 0 0 0 000000 00 Space Blank string
Length
1 65535 8 characters 8 bytes 4 bytes 1 65535 1 16 bytes 6 characters 1 65535
Packed Decimal
Time Hexadecimal
Variable-length
Variable-length Hexadecimal
Variable
Variable
Defining Variable with DATA Statement
* Syntax DATA var[(length)] [Type type] [Decimals number]. DATA var LIKE Table-Field [VALUE initial value].
Defining Variable with DATA Statement
* Data Declaration DATA: tmp(10) TYPE C, tmp1 TYPE I, tmp2(8) TYPE P DECIMALS 2 VALUE 1.50. DATA: tmp3(5) TYPE N, tmp4.
Defining Variable with DATA Statement
* Data Declaration DATA customerno LIKE customers-id. DATA matnr LIKE mara-matnr.
DATA customerno TYPE customers-id. DATA matnr TYPE mara-matnr.
ABAP Predefined Data Types
ABAP Predefined Data Types
Complete Types (I,F,D,T,STRING and XSTRING)
Incomplete Types (C,N,P and X)
Variable
Data Type C,N and X length between 1 65535 (Default 1) DATA tmp(10) TYPE C. Data Type P length between 1 16 (Default 8) and decimals length between 0 31 DATA tmp(5) TYPE P DECIMALS 2. Data Type I value between 231 to 231 1 or 2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647
DATA tmp TYPE I. tmp = 1000000.
Data type N
data tmp(5) type N. tmp = Xca9yy23K6.
ABAP Error
ABAP Error
Syntax Error
Runtime Error
User Runtime Error
System Runtime Error
Cannot Allocate Space
Time Exceed (10 Minutes)
User Runtime Error
DATA result TYPE i. result = 10 / 0.
System Runtime Error : Space Allocation
System Runtime Error : Time Exceed
Non-elementary Type
* Data Declaration TYPES tname(30) TYPE c. DATA: customer_name TYPE tname, firstname TYPE tname.
Value Assignment
* Value assignment DATA: name1(30), first_num TYPE I, next_num TYPE I. MOVE XXXX TO name1. MOVE 5 TO first_num. COMPUTE next_num = first_num + 5. name1 = SAP. ADD 1 TO next_num.
Value Assignment
* Value assignment DATA: tmp1 TYPE i, tmp2 TYPE i. tmp1 = tmp2 = 10.
firstname lastname firstname lastname firstname lastname
ABAP Practice
Structure
Structure
* Syntax DATA BEGIN OF <structure name>. DATA field1. DATA field2. DATA END OF <structure name>.
Structure
wa
id name * Syntax 00000000 DATA BEGIN OF wa. DATA id LIKE customers-id. DATA name LIKE customers-name. DATA city LIKE customers-city. DATA END OF wa. MOVE 9 TO wa-id. WRITE wa-id. city
Defining Structure (Include Structure)
* Include Structure DATA BEGIN OF wa. INCLUDE STRUCTURE customers. DATA tel(7). DATA END OF wa.
Defining Structure
* LIKE option DATA wa LIKE customers. wa-id = 1. wa-name = John. WRITE: wa-id, wa-name.
Structure myname firstname lastname firstname lastname Structure myname firstname lastname
ABAP Practice
Constants
Constants
* Constant variable CONSTANTS max_no TYPE I VALUE 999. DATA counter TYPE I VALUE max_no. WRITE: max_no, counter.
Constants Using Example
* Constant variable CONSTANTS ctext(11) TYPE C VALUE Hello World. WRITE ctext. WRITE ctext. WRITE ctext. WRITE ctext. WRITE ctext.
System Fields
The system fields (structure syst) are filled by the runtime environment. You can use them to query the system status in an ABAP program You should access them only for reading
syst-datum
sy-datum sy-uzeit sy-datlo sy-timlo sy-mandt sy-subrc
= Current date of application server = Current time of application server = Current date of SAP GUI = Current time of SAP GUI = Current client logon = Return value of ABAP statement
ABAP System Fields : Structure SYST (SE11)
DATE
* Fixed Length 8 * Include Representation YYYYMMDD DATA today TYPE D. today = sy-datum. WRITE today. today = 19991231. WRITE today.
TIME
* Fixed Length 6 * Format HHMMSS DATA times TYPE T. times = sy-uzeit. WRITE times. HHMMSS
MOVE Statement
DATA wa LIKE customers. DATA vender LIKE customers. wa-id = 1234. wa-name = Test#1. vender = wa. MOVE wa TO vender. WRITE: wa-id, vender-name.
MOVE-CORRESPONDING Statement
DATA: begin of wa1, f1,f2,f4, end of wa1. DATA: begin of wa2, f2,f1,f3, end of wa2. MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa1 TO wa2. WRITE: wa1-f1,wa2-f1 .
Field-symbols
Field-symbols
Data: name(4) Value Test, num Type I Value 10, today Type D Value 19980429. Field-symbols <temp>. Assign name To <temp>. Write <temp>. Assign num To <temp>. Write <temp>. Assign today To <temp>. Write <temp>.
Field-symbols : UNASSIGN
data: name(4) Value Test, field-symbols <temp>. assign name To <temp>. write <temp>. unassign <temp>.
CLEAR Statement
Clear statement sets a field to an initial value appropriate for its type
CLEAR <data object>.
Example: DATA tmp type i value 9. tmp = 10. CLEAR tmp.
CLEAR Structure
DATA wa like customers. CLEAR wa.
ABAP Report : Program Structure
Report ztest. *Data objects declaration data ... data begin of ... *Program Logic(Data objects processing) write .
ABAP Practice
