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Intelligent Seismic Inversion for Reservoir Characterization

This paper presents a two-step methodology for reservoir characterization using intelligent seismic inversion. In the first step, a neural network correlates surface seismic data with VSP data. In the second step, a neural network correlates the VSP data with well logs. This methodology is demonstrated on a synthetic model and on real data from the Buffalo Valley Field in New Mexico, producing virtual well logs from seismic data with correlations over 0.7.

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112 views56 pages

Intelligent Seismic Inversion for Reservoir Characterization

This paper presents a two-step methodology for reservoir characterization using intelligent seismic inversion. In the first step, a neural network correlates surface seismic data with VSP data. In the second step, a neural network correlates the VSP data with well logs. This methodology is demonstrated on a synthetic model and on real data from the Buffalo Valley Field in New Mexico, producing virtual well logs from seismic data with correlations over 0.7.

Uploaded by

Djibril Idé Alpha
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

ERM 2005

Morgantown, W.V. SPE Paper # 98012

Reservoir Characterization Using Intelligent Seismic Inversion

Emre Artun, WVU Shahab D. Mohaghegh, WVU Jaime Toro, WVU Tom Wilson, WVU Alejandro Sanchez, Anadarko

September 15, 2005

motivation > Reservoir


Exploration: Seismic Surveys

Modeling Workflow

A structural model of the reservoir can be attained.

Exploration Drilling

Some data can be obtained from wells ( i.e. well logs, cores, well tests )

Reservoir Characterization

Geostatistical variogram models can be developed with the available data to interpolate / extrapolate available well data to the entire field.

Reservoir Simulation

Flow in that 3D reservoir can be modeled with commercial reservoir simulators to predict reservoir performance.

Field Development

motivation > Reservoir

Characterization

- Issues about the data and problems regarding data analysis must be considered carefully in reservoir characterization. - Geostatistical models become insufficient in dealing with issues like uncertainty, large variety of scales, immense size of data, etc. - As an alternate; our industry has realized the power of soft computing tools, which are capable of dealing with uncertainty, imprecision, and partial truth.

motivation > Reservoir

Characterization

Ten-feet

Integrating all different types of data in an accurate and high-resolution reservoir model

SEISMIC

One of inches

WELL LOGS

Fraction of inches

CORES

motivation > Reservoir

Characterization

- Due to its low resolution, seismic data is used only to attain a structural view of the reservoir. - However, its 3D coverage over a large area attracts engineers to merge it more detailed characterization studies.

SEISMIC

LOGS

- Inverse modeling of reservoir properties from the seismic data is known as seismic inversion.

Statement of the Problem

1. Does a relationship exist between seismic data and reservoir characteristics, beyond the structural relationship? 2. If such a relationship exists, can it be extracted through the use of soft computing tools, such as artificial neural networks? 3. How that tool should be designed to develop the most reliable correlation models?
i.e. neural network algorithm, number and type of seismic attributes
that should be included... etc.

Previous Work
Chawathe et. al (1997)

Surface seismic

neural network

Cross-well seismic

neural network

Gamma ray logs

Reeves et. al (2002)

- In this study; vertical seismic profile (VSP) is incorporated into the study as the intermediate scale instead of cross-well seismic.
Surface seismic
neural network neural network

VSP

Well logs

Vertical Seismic Profile (VSP)


- Signal receivers are located in the borehole instead of surface, both down-going and up-going signals are received.

Well

Source
surface

rock layer boundary

Receivers (Geophones)

VSP resolution 2 * Surface seismic resolution

Statement of the Problem


- Using artificial neural networks is proposed to find a desirable correlation between well logs and seismic data. Generalized regression neural network (GRNN) algorithm is used. - Vertical seismic profile (VSP) is incorporated into the study as the intermediate scale data.

- Another unique feature of this study was to develop and work on a synthetic model, before dealing with real data.

Two-step Correlation Methodology


Two steps of correlation 1) Correlation of surface seismic with VSP 2) Correlation of VSP with well logs

Step 1

Step 2

Surface Seismic

VSP

Well Logs

Low frequency

Medium frequency

High frequency

Case 1

Synthetic Model

Description of the Model

- The model represents the Pennsylvanian stratigraphy of the Buffalo Valley Field in New Mexico, including the gasproducing Atoka and Morrow formations. - The geological complexity increases with depth; 0.8 1.124 sec. (6,600 9,000 ft) interval has been used. - Surface seismic and VSP responses have been computed through a synthetic seismic line of 100 traces.

Description of the Model


A synthetic seismic line with 100 traces, having 3 wells @ traces 20, 50, and 80.

Trace 20

Trace 50 ( VSP well )

Trace 80

Available Data
1. Density and acoustic velocity distributions. 2. Surface seismic and VSP responses in the form of the following seismic attributes:
Amplitude Average energy Envelope Frequency Hilbert transform Paraphase Phase

Seismic Amplitude Distribution

Case 1 Synthetic Model

Step 1 Step 2

Correlation of surface seismic with VSP Correlation of VSP with well logs

Case 1 _ Step 1 (Surface seismic


ce Tra 32

VSP)

ce T ra

57

Case 1 _ Step 1( Surface seismic


Neural network design:

VSP)

Inputs

Output

Time + 7 surface seismic attributes

neural network

Single VSP attribute

Case 1 _ Step 1 (Surface seismic

VSP)

Correlation Map

Step 1

Step 2

Surface Seismic

VSP

Model found

Well Seven models Sevenseparate separateprediction prediction modelshave have Logs been beendeveloped developedfor forseven sevenVSP VSPattributes attributes with withthe thedata dataof oftraces traces32 32+ +57. 57.

Now, Now,lets letsapply applythese thesemodels modelsto tothe theother other traces tracesto tohave havethe thepredicted predicteddistributions. distributions. Surface Seismic Virtual VSP Virtual Well Logs

Case 1 _ Step 1 (Surface seismic


FREQUENCY

VSP)

Actual

Predicted

Case 1 _ Step 1 (Surface seismic


PHASE

VSP)

Actual

Predicted

Case 1 _ Step 1 (Surface seismic


HILBERT TRANSFORM

VSP)

Actual

Predicted

Case 1 _ Step 1 (Surface seismic


ENVELOPE

VSP)

Actual

Predicted

Correlation Map

Step 1

Step 2

Surface Seismic

VSP

Well Logs

Model found Step Step1 1--ACCOMPLISHED ACCOMPLISHED!.. !..

Surface Seismic

Virtual VSP

Virtual Well Logs

Case 1 Synthetic Model

Step 1 Step 2

Correlation of surface seismic with VSP Correlation of VSP with well logs

Case 1 _ Step 2 ( VSP

Well Logs )

- Density log has been selected as the target log, and data of t-50 have been used in building network models.

- Instead of using actual values, the problem was converted to a classification problem, because of observable averaged values of density log of t-50.

Case 1 _ Step 2 ( VSP

Well Logs )

Class 1

Class 1 Class 2

1.9 g/cc

Class 2

2.3 g/cc

Class 3

Class 3

2.65 g/cc

Case 1 _ Step 2 ( VSP


Neural network design:

Well Logs )

Inputs

Outputs

Time + 7 VSP attributes

neural network

Three Classes of Density

Case 1 _ Step 2 ( VSP


Class 1

Well Logs )
r2 = 0.82

1.9 g/cc

Class 2

2.3 g/cc

Class 3

2.65 g/cc

Case 1 _ Step 2 ( VSP


Class 4 Class 2 Class 3

Well Logs )

Class 1

2.09 g/cc

Class 4

r2 = 0.94

Correlation Map

Step 1

Step 2

Surface The model VSP Theprediction prediction modelfor fordensity densityhas hasbeen been Seismic developed developedwith withthe thedata dataof oftrace trace50. 50. Model found Now, Now,we wecan cangenerate generatethe thecross-sectional cross-sectional density densitydistribution. distribution.

Well Logs

Model found

Surface Seismic

Virtual VSP

Virtual Well Logs

Case 1 _ Step 2 ( VSP


DENSITY

Well Logs )

Actual

Predicted

Case 1 _ Step 2 ( VSP

Well Logs )

Correlation Map

Step 1

Step 2

Surface Seismic

VSP

Well Logs

Model found Step Step2 2--ACCOMPLISHED ACCOMPLISHED!.. !..

Model found

Surface Seismic

Virtual VSP

Virtual Well Logs

Case 2

Real Case The Buffalo Valley Field

The Buffalo Valley Field, New Mexico

Available Data
- Paper logs from around 40 wells within a 3D seismic survey area have been digitized.

- Only one well had a VSP survey, i.e. its the only well to build network models.

- Seismic data were loaned by WesternGeco; a total of 27 seismic attributes were available.

Map of Wells and Seismic Survey Area

VSP well

Seismic Amplitude Distribution


Well #1
( VSP well )

Well #2 Well #3 Well #4 Well #5

Case 2 Real Case: The [Link] Field

Step 1 Step 2

Correlation of surface seismic with VSP Correlation of VSP with well logs

Case 2 _ Step 1 (Surface seismic

VSP)

Case 2 _ Step 1 (Surface seismic

VSP)

Correlation Map

Step 1

Step 2

Surface Seismic

VSP

Well Logs

Model found

Surface Seismic

Virtual VSP

Virtual Well Logs

Case 2 Real Case: The B. Valley Field

Step 1 Step 2

Correlation of surface seismic with VSP Correlation of VSP with well logs

Case 2 _ Step 2 ( VSP

Well Logs )

- After a quality check of available logs, gamma ray and neutron porosity logs were selected as target logs, considering their availability, and quality.

Case 2 _ Step 2 ( VSP

Well Logs )

- Data from all available wells were used in developing the neural network models.

- A Key Performance Indicators (KPI) study was conducted to see influences of each seismic attribute on the target log.

Key Performance Indicators (KPI)


Intelligent Reservoir Characterization and Analysis (IRCA) software:

- Most influent attributes were selected due to large number of available attributes.

Gamma Ray Log


Well #1
r = 0.76

Well #2
r = 0.86

Well #3
r = 0.81

Well #4
r = 0.90

Well #5
r = 0.90

Gamma Ray Log

Neutron Porosity Log


Well #1
r = 0.98

Well #2
r = 0.97

Neutron Porosity Log

Correlation Map

Step 1

Step 2

Surface Seismic

VSP

Well Logs

Model found Step Step2 2--ACCOMPLISHED ACCOMPLISHED!.. !..

Model found

Surface Seismic

Virtual VSP

Virtual Well Logs

Conclusions
- The proposed two-scale-step, intelligent seismic inversion methodology has been successfully developed on a synthetic model. The same methodology has then been applied to real data of the Buffalo Valley Field in New Mexico.

- Density logs for the synthetic model, and gamma ray logs for the field data have been produced from seismic data.

Conclusions

- The complex and non-linear relationships have been extracted with the power of artificial neural networks with both classification and prediction. - A novel approach has been presented to solve an important data integration problem in reservoir characterization. - The same methodology can be applied to a 3D seismic block to obtain 3D distributions of reservoir properties.

ERM 2005
Morgantown, W.V. SPE Paper # 98012

Reservoir Characterization Using Intelligent Seismic Inversion


Acknowledgements Acknowledgements --This Thisstudy studywas wassupported supportedby bythe theU.S. [Link] Departmentof ofEnergy. [Link] Helpand andsupport support of (projectmanager) manager)is isappreciated. appreciated. ofMr. [Link] ThomasMroz Mroz(project --Seismic Seismicdata datawere wereused usedwith withthe thecourtesy courtesyof ofWesternGeco. WesternGeco. --Mrs. [Link] JanainaPereiras Pereirashelp helpin indigitizing digitizingwell welllogs logsis isalso alsoappreciated. appreciated.

September 15, 2005

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