SYSTEM

What Is System?
Performs Predefined Function Or

Ta s k Ta s k O r Fu n c t i o n B a s e d O n Application The System Manipulated by the programmer via programs& the programs based on Application

System On a Chip
T h e A p p l i c a t i o n C o n t r o l l e d O r M a n a ge d B y

T h e Sy s t e m T h e Sy s t e m B a s e d O n T h e C h i p U s e d T h e C h i p Pe r f o r m s W h a t P r o g r a m Wr i t t e n B y T h e P r o g r a m m e r To Pe r f o r m T h e Application To t a l C o n t r o l Sy s t e m O f T h e A p p l i c a t i o n B y T h e C h i p, T h e n It C a l l e d A s Sy s t e m O n A Chip

What is Embedded ?
E m b e d d i n g O r M a s k i n g T h e Co n t r o l

Sy s t e m B y T h e A p p l i c a t i o n
D e s i g n e d Fo r t o d o S p e c i f i c Co n t ro l

F u n c t i o n s W i t h i n A L a rge r Sy s t e m
D e s i g n e d Fo r a s i n g l e D e d i c a t e d

Application

HARD WARE
It s A Me d i u m Fo r C h i p W i t h R e a l T i m e

Application
It I s A Pa r t O f C h i p & Me e t s T h e

E nv i ro n m e n t & i n c l u d e s M i c ro p ro ce s s o r o r M i c ro co n t r o l l e r
It Co n s i s t s I / O D e v i ce s , T i m e r / Co u n t e r

I n t e r r u p t s , Me m o r i e s , A d c & d a c & E t c b a s e d On The Chip

FIRM WARE
Te r m I m p l i e s T h e S o f t w a re C a n Co n t r o l

T h e H a r d w a r e T h ro u g h T h e P ro g ra m I n s t r u c t i o n s O r Co m m a n d s
Its The Data Structure To Controls The Hardware Typically It Resides Part Of The Hardware Like PLA

Structure Or MEMORIES Or FLASH

Embedded System
Embedded system understand as Sy s t e m O n a C h i p ( S O P ) Co m p r i s e B o t h H a rd w a re & S o f t w a r e Co m p l e t e D e v i ce Fo r D e d i c a t e d A p p l i c a t i o n o r Ta s k

E m b e d d e d s ys te m s a re n o t a lways s t a n d a l o n e d e v i ce s & i t s a E m e rg i n g f i e l d o f R e a l T i m e Wo r l d f o r Co n s u m e r E l e c t ro n i c A p p l i c a t i o n s

Application Categories
1.

Standalone

2. Real Time 3 . N e t wo r ke d I n f o r m a t i o n A p p l i a n c e s 4 . Mo b i l e D e v i c e s

Standalone ES
It s P r e d e f i n e d Sy s t e m W i t h D e s i r e d O u t p u t s
Gets The Input & Produces The Outputs

W h a t H ave To D o Fo r T h e P a r t i c u l a r I n p u t . I n p u t M a y B e A E l e c t r i c a l S i g n a l Fr o m Tr a n s d u c e r s E l s e C o m m a n d s Fr o m A Hu m a n T h r o u g h Such Keys Or Buttons Outputs Also A Electrical Signal By Actuating The Output Device Such As Mo t o r s O r H e a t e r s O r D i s p l a y D e v i c e

Real-time ES
S p e c i f i c Wo r k H a s To B e D o n e I n A S p e c i f i c T i m e Pe r i o d
Gets The Input & Produces The Outputs

W h a t H ave To D o W i t h I n S p e c i f i e d T i m e
I n p u t & O u t p u t Fo r T h e Sy s t e m A s V i c e

Ve r s a

Networked Information Appliances

Sy s t e m P r o v i d e d w i t h N e t wo r k i n t e r f a c e s

a n d & a c c e s s e d b y t h e n e t wo r k s u c h a s L A N & WA N
E m b e d d e d Sy s t e m s A r e C o n n e c t e d W i t h

N e t wo r k R u n n i n g T C P / I P p r o t o c o l s u c h a s internet or Company's intranet

M i s s i l e E m b e d d e d w i t h a Tr a c k i n g Sy s t e m

Mobile Devices
Po r t a b l e Sy s t e m s & Mo b i l e D e v i c e s s u c h a s

Mo b i l e P h o n e s , S m a r t P h o n e s & Pe r s o n a l Digital Assistants

PDA s a r e n ow C a p a b l e o f S u p p o r t i n g ge n e r a l

p u r p o s e a p p l i c a t i o n s o f t w a r e s s u c h a s wo r d processors, games etc.

Design of Embedded System

Intend the functionality is a f irst step Fo r m a l i z e d b y t h e s o r t o f d e f i n i t i o n L a n g u a ge s

H D L s u c h a s Ve r i l o g & V H D L
R e s u l t i n g D e s i g n i s c o nve r t e d i n t o h a r d w a r e

or software components which are then implemented

Operating System
Classif ied into Non -real Time & Real Time
Response Time not guaranteed in Non-real

T i m e O p e r a t i n g Sy s t e m . E x a m p l e : - W i n d ow s C E & P a l m O S R e s p o n s e T i m e g u a r a n t e e d f o r e a c h e ve n t i n R e a l T i m e O p e r a t i n g Sy s t e m , i t s u s e d f o r mainly in time-critical Applications such as Me a s u r e m e n t a n d C o n t r o l Sy s t e m s E x a m p l e : - V X Wo r k s , O S - 9 , Sy m b i a n , RT L i n u x

Embedded System Constraints

S m a l l S i z e , L ow We i g h t

H a n d - h e l d & Tr a n s p o r t a b l e L ow Powe r Eve n r u n i n b a t t e r y Powe r Harsh Environment Powe r F l u c t u a t i o n , L i g h t e i n g , H e a t , V i b r a t i o n Safety-Critical Operations Mu s t F u n c t i o n C o r r e c t l y & Mu s t n o t Function Correctly Extreme Cost Sensitivity $ 0 . 5 a d d s u p o ve r 1 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 u n i t s

Languages
L ow l e ve l P r o g ra m m i n g L a n g u a ge s s u c h a s

A s s e m b l y L a n g u a ge . L e s s Me m o r y
H i g h l e ve l P r o g ra m m i n g L a n g u a ge s s u c h a s

C & C + + . e tc L ow d e ve l o p m e n t T i m e E a s e o f M a i n t e n a n ce

Development Tools
Assembler

Converts ASM into Machine codes 0s & 1s Compilers Converts high level language into low level Language Debuggers In Circuit Debugger (ICD) & In Circuit Emulators (ICE) & Integrated Development Environment (IDE) , it combines both ICE & ICD Linkers one or more objects generated by the Compiler Converted into Single Executable Form. Loaders Dumps the Executable form of code into Chip

Any Queries ?