Commercial Market for Cargo Operations
Aviation Systems Architecture Allen C.Haggerty Massachusetts Institute of Technology March 2, 2004
TOTAL CARGO MARKET
GIANT MARKET CONSISTING OF: TRUCKING RAIL SEABORNE AIR CARGO AS THE WORLD GETS SMALLER, THE GROSS VOLUME OF FREIGHT HAS INCREASED DRAMATICALLY!
COMMERCIAL CARGO OPERATIONS
. SEA . LAND . AIR . RIVER, LAKES, OCEAN
TYPES OF FREIGHT
SMALL PACKAGE DELIVERY LESS-THAN TRUCKLOAD FREIGHT AIRLINE BELLY FREIGHT , e.g. AA, DL, JAL PALLETIZED FREIGHT CONTAINTERIZED FREIGHT BULK CARGO
INTERMODAL TRANSPORTATION
ALTHOUGH THERE ARE NUMEROUS TYPES OF EQUIPMENT FOR FREIGHT, SOME STANDARDIZATION HAS BEEN ACHIEVED IN: CONTAINERS PALLETS AIR FREIGHT CONTAINERS
8 X 8X 20 CONTAINERS
8X 8 X 40 CONTAINERS
CONTAINERSHIPS
CAPACITY: UP TO 9000 CONTAINERS SIZE: 950 LENGTH UP TO 100,000 TONS G.W.
EVERGREEN CONTAINERSHIP-TAIWAN
MODERN CONTAINER SHIPS
BEAM GREATER THAN 110 ft. CANT TRANSIT PANAMA CANAL (TOO WIDE !!) CREW OF ONLY 13 ( U.S. Destroyer is 360, 3200 tons, crew of 360 !!!) DIESEL POWERED , 22-23 KNOTS AUTOMATED SYSTEMS low labor costs OPTIMIZED FOR EFFICIENCY (reduced ton-mile
costs!!)
PORT FACILITIES
HUGE LOGISTICAL INVESTMENT !!
AUTOMATION IS KEY; SPEED IN UNLOADING / MINIMIZATON OF LABOR TO REDUCE COSTS
ONE-MAN CONTAINER HANDLING
HONG KONG-PEARL RIVER DELTA- CONTAINERPORT
MILLIONS OF 20 ft. CONTAINERS PASSING THROUGH IN 2002*
HONG KONG 25.2* LONG BEACH 10.6 NEW YORK 3.3 OAKLAND 1.6 (PRCS EXPORTS GREW
22% IN 2002 !!)
SOURCE: NY TIMES 1/26/03
EXPLOSIVE GROWTH IN CONTAINER THROUGHPUT LONG BEACH, CA
NUMBER & SIZE OF THE U.S. FLAG MERCHANT FLEET
WORLD FLEET U.S. FLEET CONTAINERSHIPS ROLL-ON / ROLLOFF SHIPS GENERAL CARGO SHIPS 28,318 SHIPS 454 (2%) 90 60 136
SOURCE:1960-1997 U.S. DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION, MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, MERCHANT FLEETS OF THE WORLD, 2001
MAERSK SHIPPING LINE INTERMODAL CONTAINER
Gross Weight :67,200 lbs. Tare : 8220 lbs. Payload : 58,980 lbs.
INTERMODAL CONTAINERS ON TRANS-CONTINENTAL RAIL SYSTEM
CARGO COMPETITION IS INTENSE!
K -LINE
EVERGREEN
TPL LINE
MAERSK SHIPPING
DOUBLE-STACKED CONTAINERS ON RAIL
(TRAINS MOVE DAY AND NIGHT !!)
8X8X20 CONTAINERS AT FURNITURE FACTORY
DEMURRAGE
AFTER A CONTAINER HAS BEEN DELIVERED TO ITS DESTINATION, THE RECEIPIENT HAS 24 HOURS TO UNLOAD DEMURRAGE CHARGES START TO ACCUMULATE AFTER 1 DAY CONTAINER SHIPPING COMPANIES TRACK THOUSANDS OF CONTAINERS ALL OVER THE WORLD!
BARGES-OCEAN, LAKES & RIVER
BULK CARGO: COAL, SAND,GRAVEL, ORE, OIL,ETC.
AIR FREIGHT
TYPES OF CARGO AIRCRAFT
FREIGHTERS ( e.g. 747 F, MD-11F, new A-380) COMBI AIRCRAFT (e.g. ALITALIA MD-11 COMBI CARRIES 200+ PAX AND MAIN DECK CARGO AFT)
.CONVERTIBLE FREIGHTERS (e.g.
MD-11CF)
FREIGHTERS ARE MANUFACTURED NEW (747-400 ERF) OR ARE MODS OF OLDER PAX AIRCRAFT ( MD-10)
WORLD ECONOMIC GROWTH AND INTERNATIONAL AIR FREIGHT GROWTH
GENERALLY GOOD CORRELATION BETWEEN AIR CARGO AND GDP
757 CARGO HANDLING SYSTEM
(SIDE-LOADING PALLETS)
EVA 747 FREIGHTER
747 FREIGHTER-NOSE LOADING
747-400 FREIGHTER
NEW 747-400ER FREIGHTER: 910,000 lbs. MTOGW ; APPROX. 8000 n.m. RANGE
CHINA AIR 747 LOADING CONTAINERS
757 & 767 FREIGHTERS UPS : 767F DHL: 757F
A-300 CARGO HANDLING SYSTEM
. TIE-DOWN ATTACHMENTS . POWER-DRIVE UNITS . REINFORCED STRUCTURE . LARGE SIDE ACCESS DOOR (LOADING / UNLOADING) . CARGO RESTRAINT SYSTEM
EVA MD-11 CARGO FREIGHTER
630,000 lbs.MTOGW, 192,000 lbs.CARGO, 7200nm.Range
MD-11 CONVERTIBLE FREIGHTER & COMBI
CONVERTIBLE FREIGHTER 24hrs. PAX to Freighter 48 hrs. Freighter to Pax MartinAir-HOLLAND COMBI Alitalia Combi Main Deck Cargo + 219 Passengers
MD-11 COCKPIT
6 ACROSS MULTIFUNCTION FLAT PANEL DISPLAYS
THIS COCKPIT WAS INSTALLED IN THE DC-10 MOD TO MD-10 FREIGHTER FOR FEDEX
DC-8F CARGOLINER
PAX AIRCRAFT CONVERTED TO CARGO ;REENGINED WITH TURBO-FANS (UPS FLEET)
THE BUSINESS OF AIR CARGO!
ECONOMICS JUSTIFY HIGH PRIORITY TIME CRITICAL PAYLOADS (ELECTRONICS, FLOWERS, BERRIES) URGENT PACKAGES, DATA, PARTS AIR CARGO MARKET AIDED BY PRESSURE TO REDUCE INVENTORIES & CYCLE TIME SHORTER TIME TO MARKET
AIR CARGO CARRIERS
POLAR AIR CARGO ATLAS AIR EVERGREEN INTERNATIONAL MARTINAIR GEMINI AIR CARGO AMERIJET INTERNATIONAL EMORY AIR FREIGHT DHL AIRBORNE EXPRESS LUFTHANSA CARG0 UPS FEDEX
NUMEROUS FREIGHT FORWARDERS!
