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Gas Chromatography Basics Guide

Gas chromatography is a technique used to separate and analyze mixtures that relies on partitioning between a stationary and mobile phase. The sample is injected into a heated chamber containing the stationary phase, then carried by an inert mobile phase through the column. Compounds are separated based on how they interact differently with the stationary phase and emerge from the column at characteristic times to be detected. Common detectors used include flame ionization, electron capture, and mass spectrometry.

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125 views13 pages

Gas Chromatography Basics Guide

Gas chromatography is a technique used to separate and analyze mixtures that relies on partitioning between a stationary and mobile phase. The sample is injected into a heated chamber containing the stationary phase, then carried by an inert mobile phase through the column. Compounds are separated based on how they interact differently with the stationary phase and emerge from the column at characteristic times to be detected. Common detectors used include flame ionization, electron capture, and mass spectrometry.

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yoga nayagi punichelvana
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Basic Principles of Gas Chromatography

Martin R. Hackman
NJ - DEP Office of Quality Assurance

THE CHROMATOGRAPHIC PROCESS - PARTITIONING


(gas or liquid)

MOBILE PHASE

Sample in

Sample out

STATIONARY PHASE
(solid or heavy liquid coated onto a solid or support system)

GC Methods
Parameter Group
SDW05.13000s SDW05.24000s

Method
EPA 502.2 EPA 551.1

Compounds
VOCs Cl-VOCs/Pests

WPP05.04000s
WPP06.03000s SHW06.21000s

EPA 604
EPA 625 SW-846 8141A

Phenols
SVOCs Org-P Pests

Instrumentation
Injection Port - Sample introduction

Manual - Direct Injection


Automated - Autosampler - Purge and Trap

Instrumentation - Oven
Temperature Control
Isothermal
240 200

Gradient

Temp (deg C)

160 120 80 40 0 0 10 20 30 Time (min) 40 50 60

Columns
Packed

Capillary

Polarity

Non-polar

Polar

Phases

Instrumentation - Detectors
Destructive
Mass Spectral (CI/EI) [625] Flame Ionization (FID) [604] Nitrogen-Phosphorus (NPD) [8141A] Flame Photometric (FPD) [8141A] Electrolytic Conductivity (Hall/ELCD) [502.2]

Instrumentation - Detectors
Non-Destructive Thermal Conductivity (TCD)

Electron Capture (ECD) [551.1]


Photo Ionization (PID) [502.2]

Chromatograms - 551.1

Chromatograms - 604

Supelco PTE-5

Supelco SPB-50

m- Cresol

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