WATER TANKS

1
LEARNING OUT COME
REVIEW
TYPES OF TANKS
DESIGN OF CIRCULAR WATER TANK RESTING ON GROUND
WITH FLEXIBLE BASE
DESIGN OF CIRCULAR WATER TANK RESTING ON GROUND
WITH RIGID BASE

2
INTRODUCTION
3
Storage tanks are built for storing water, liquid
petroleum, petroleum products and similar liquids
Designed as crack free structures to eliminate
any leakage
Permeability of concrete is directly proportional
to water cement ratio.
Cement content ranging from 330 Kg/m
3
to 530
Kg/m
3
is recommended in order to keep shrinkage
low.
5
RESTING ON GROUND
6
UNDERGROUND
7
ELEVATED
8
CIRCULAR
9
RECTANGULAR
10
SPHERICAL
11
INTZ
12
CONICAL BOTTOM
CIRCULAR TANKS RESTING ON GROUND
13
THE TANK HAS TENDENCY TO INCREASE
IN DIAMETER DUE TO HYDROSTATIC
PRESSURE
THIS INCREASE IN DIAMETER ALL
ALONG THE HEIGHT OF THE TANK
DEPENDS ON THE NATURE OF JOINT AT
THE JUNCTION OF SLAB AND WALL
14
WHEN THE JOINTS AT BASE ARE FLEXIBLE,
HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE INDUCES
MAXIMUM INCREASE IN DIAMETER AT BASE
AND NO INCREASE IN DIAMETER AT TOP
WHEN THE JOINT AT BASE IS RIGID, THE
BASE DOES NOT MOVE
15
DESIGN OF CIRCULAR TANKS RESTING ON
GROUND WITH FLEXIBLE BASE
16
WHEN THE THICKNESS 225 MM, THE STEEL PLACED
AT CENTRE.
WHEN THE THICKNESS > 225MM, AT EACH FACE A
ST
/2
OF STEEL AS HOOP REINFORCEMENT IS PROVIDED
THE STRESS IN CONCRETE IS COMPUTED AS




IF o
C
s o
CAT
WHERE o
CAT
=0.27\FCK , THEN NO CRACK
APPEARS IN CONCRETE
17
2
* * D H W
WHILE DESIGNING, THE THICKNESS OF CONCRETE
WALL CAN BE ESTIMATED AS T=30H+50 MM,
WHERE H IS IN METERS
DISTRIBUTION STEEL IN THE FORM OF VERTICAL
BARS ARE PROVIDED SUCH THAT MINIMUM STEEL
AREA REQUIREMENT IS SATISFIED
AS BASE SLAB IS RESTING ON GROUND AND NO
BENDING STRESSES ARE INDUCED HENCE
MINIMUM STEEL DISTRIBUTED AT BOTTOM AND
THE TOP ARE PROVIDED
18
PROBLEM ON CIRCULAR TANKS RESTING
ON GROUND WITH FLEXIBLE BASE
19
DESIGN A CIRCULAR WATER TANK WITH FLEXIBLE
CONNECTION AT BASE FOR A CAPACITY OF 5,00,000
LITERS. THE TANK RESTS ON A FIRM LEVEL GROUND.
THE HEIGHT OF TANK INCLUDING A FREE BOARD OF
200 MM SHOULD NOT EXCEED 4.2M. THE TANK IS
OPEN AT TOP. USE M 20 CONCRETE AND FE 415
[Link] PERMISSIBE DIRECT TENSILE STRESS IN
CONC 1.2 N/MM2 , PERMISSIBLE TENSION IN
STEEL IN DIRECT TENSION IS EQUAL TO 100 N/MM2
20
c

STEP 1:
Dimension Of Tank
Depth Of Water H=4.2 -0.2 = 4.0 M
Volume V = 5,00,000/1000 = 500 M
3
Area Of Tank A = 500/4.0 = 125 M
2
Diameter Of Tank 12.6

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AST CALCULATION
HOOP TENSION HP = WHD/2
H= 4 + 0.2 (H= h + FB)
H= 4.2 m
H = = 264.6 *10
3
N
Ast = Hp/ Stress in Steel = =2646 mm
2
Spacing Sp= 1000 * Ast /ast
Using 20 mm dia bars at 118 mm c/c
Ast provided = 2662 mm
2
2
6 . 12 * 2 . 4 * 10
100
* 6 . 264
10
3
THICKNESS OF VERTICAL WALL





t=188.7 mm
Adopt a thickness of 190 mm thick wall



2662 ) 1 13 ( 1000
6 . 264
2 . 1
10
3
+
=
t
x
o
ct
Ast m t
D H W
=
(
(
(
(

+
(

) 1 ( 1000
2
* *
STEP 2: DESIGN OF VERTICAL WALL
MAX HOOP TENSION AT BOTTOM AREA OF STEEL
MINIMUM STEEL TO BE PROVIDED AT TOP
AST MIN=0.3%OF AREA OF CONCRETE
= 0.3X 1000X190/100 = 570 MM
2

USING 20 MM DIA BARS SPACING = 551MM2 = 550MM
C/C
MINIMUM SPACING MUST BE LESS THAN 3 TIMES
THICKNESS OF WALL
>3*190=570MM
24
SPACING AT A DEPTH OF 2M BELOW THE TOP



= 1260MM2
SPACING OF 20MM DIA BARS = 225MM C/C


(

=
(
(
(
(

=
100
1000 * 6 . 12 * 2 * 10 * 5 . 0
100
2
* * D H w
Ast
DISTRIBUTION STEEL
AREA OF VERTICAL STEEL = 0.3% = ((0.3/100)*1000*190)
= 570 MM2
SPACING OF 10MM DIA BARS = 130MM C/C
TANK FLOOR SLAB
PROVIDE NOMINAL THICKNESS OF SLAB AS 150MM
PROVIDE MINIMUM STEEL =0.3% = ((0.3/100)*1000*150)
= 450MM2
IN BOTH WAYS AST REQD = 225MM
USING 8MM DIA SPACING = 200MM C/C
27
28
DESIGN OF CIRCULAR TANKS RESTING ON
GROUND WITH RIGID BASE
29
DUE TO FIXITY AT BASE OF WALL, THE UPPER
PART OF THE WALL WILL HAVE HOOP TENSION
AND LOWER PART BEND LIKE CANTILEVER.
FOR SHALLOW TANKS WITH LARGE DIAMETER, HOOP
STRESSES ARE VERY SMALL AND THE WALL ACT MORE
LIKE CANTILEVER
FOR DEEP TANKS OF SMALL DIAMETER THE
CANTILEVER ACTION DUE TO FIXITY AT THE BASE IS
SMALL AND THE HOOP ACTION IS PREDOMINANT
30
THE EXACT ANALYSIS OF THE TANK TO
DETERMINE THE PORTION OF WALL IN
WHICH HOOP TENSION IS PREDOMINANT AND
THE OTHER PORTION IN WHICH CANTILEVER
ACTION IS PREDOMINANT, IS DIFFICULT
1. SIMPLIFIED METHODS OF ANALYSIS ARE
2. REISSNERS METHOD
3. CARPENTERS SIMPLIFIED METHOD
4. APPROXIMATE METHOD
5. IS CODE METHOD
31
IS CODE METHOD
TABLES 9,10 AND 11 OF IS 3370 PART IV
GIVES COEFFICIENTS FOR COMPUTING HOOP
TENSION, MOMENT AND SHEAR FOR VARIOUS
VALUES OF H
2
/DT
HOOP TENSION, MOMENT AND SHEAR IS
COMPUTED AS
T= COEFFICIENT (
W
HD/2)
M= COEFFICIENT (
W
H
3
)
V= COEFFICIENT (
W
H
2
)
32
THICKNESS OF WALL REQUIRED IS COMPUTED
FROM BM CONSIDERATION


WHERE,
Q= o
CBC
JK
J=1-(K/3)
B = 1000MM
33
Qb
M
d=
st cbc
cbc
m
m
k
o + o
o
=

IS CODE METHOD
OVER ALL THICKNESS IS THEN COMPUTED AS
T = D+COVER.
AREA OF REINFORCEMENT IN THE FORM OF
VERTICAL BARS ON WATER FACE IS COMPUTED AS

AREA OF HOOP STEEL IN THE FORM OF RINGS IS
COMPUTED AS
34
jd
M
A
st
st
o
=
st
1 st
T
A
o
=
IS CODE METHOD
DISTRIBUTION STEEL AND VERTICAL STEEL
FOR OUTER FACE OF WALL IS COMPUTED
FROM MINIMUM STEEL CONSIDERATION
TENSILE STRESS COMPUTED FROM THE
FOLLOWING EQUATION SHOULD BE LESS
THAN THE PERMISSIBLE STRESS FOR SAFE
DESIGN
35
st
c
A ) 1 m ( t 1000
T
+
= o
the permissible stress is 0.27 \fck
IS CODE METHOD
BASE SLAB THICKNESS GENERALLY
VARIES FROM 150MM TO 250 MM AND
MINIMUM STEEL IS DISTRIBUTED TO
TOP AND BOTTOM OF SLAB.
36
DESIGN A CIRCULAR TANK WITH FIXED BASE FOR CAPACITY
500000 LITERS. THE DEPTH OF WATER IS TO BE 4M. FREE
BOARD 200MM. USE M20 CONC & GRADE 1 MILD STEEL
PERMISSIBLE DIRECT TENSILE STRESS IN CONCRETE
=1.2N/MM2
PERMISSIBLE STRESS IN STEEL IN DIRECT TENSION =100N/MM2

STEP.01:- DATA GIVEN:-
CAPACITY OF TANK = 500000 LIT
DEPTH OF WATER = 4M
FREE BOARD = 200MM
DENSITY OF WATER = 10 KN/M3

STEP N0-02:-
PERMISSIBLE STRESSES:-
DIRECT TENSILE STRESS IN CONCRETE ct = 1.2 N/mm2
Tensile stress in steel = 100 N/mm2
cb = 7 N/mm2
j = 0.841
m = 13
STEP No-03:- Dimension of Tank


D= 12.6m
(
(

=
(
(
(
(

10
6
2
1000 * 5000000
4 *
4
*D t
OVERALL HEIGHT OF TANK = 4+0.2 = 4.2M
THE THICKNESS OF WALL AND BASE SLAB ARE ASSUMED TO BE
30H+50 = 176 = 180MM THICK
STEP NO 04:- BENDING MOMENT & RING TENSION & SHEAR



Referring IS 3370 PART IV
MAXIMUM BM AT BASE = -0.0122 * W * H
3
= - 0.0122 * 10 * 4.2
3

= 9.083 KN/M
MAXIMUM SHEAR = 0.158 * W * H
2
= 0.158 * 10 * 4.2
2
= 27.87 KN
MAXIMUM RING TENSION= (0.608(W*H*D)/2) AT 0.6 H

= (0.608 (( 10 * 4.2 * 12.6)/2)) = 160 KN ACTING
AT 2.52 M FROM TOP






10 75 . 8
18 . 0 * 6 . 12
2
2 . 4
2
= =
(
(

=
(
(

Dt
H
STEP NO 05:- AREA OF STEEL
STEEL FOR HOOP TENSION

= 1600MM2/M
USING 20MM DIA BARS SPACING = 190MM C/C = ASTP=1654MM
2
WALL THICKNESS REQUIRED FROM HOOP STRESS





T=117.6MM < 160MM
|
.
|

\
|
=
st
n ringtensio
Ast
o
. max
ct
t
stress hoop
o =
(

+ 1654 ) 1 13 ( 1000
.
2 . 1
1654 ) 1 13 ( 1000
160
10
3
=
(
(

+ t
x
STEP NO 06:-STEEL FOR BENDING MOMENT



USING 12 MM DIA BARS AT 130MM C/C
STEP NO 07:-VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT
USE MINIMUM REINFORCEMENT OF 0.3%
=(0.3/100)X 160 X 1000=480mm
2
DISTRIBUTION ON EACH FACE AST = 240mm
2
USING 12 MM DIA BARS SPACING = 400MM C/C


2
6
826
130 841 . 0 100
10 038 . 9
* *
mm
x x
x
d j st
BM
Ast =
(
(

=
(

=
o
STEP NO .08:- BASE SLAB:-
AT JUNCTION OF WALL AND SLAB PROVIDE 12MM DIA BARS AT 130MM
C/C
IN BASE SLAB PROVIDE 0.3% OF STEEL = 480MM
2
PROVIDE ON BOTH FACES AST = 240 MM
2
USE 8MM DIA BARS AT 200 MM C/C BOTH AT TOP & BOTTOM AND BOTH
WAYS
STEP 09:- CHECK FOR SHEAR STRESS:-
MAXIMUM SHEAR AT BASE V= 27.87KN/M
MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESS v = (Vu/bjd) refer is 3370
= 0.25 < 1.7 hence safe