s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf gLlt, @)^#
!= k[i7e"ld M
k[YjLdf dfgj hfltsf] ;[i6Lsf] lg/Gt/tfsf] nflu h}ljs ljljwtfsf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf 5 .
h}ljs ljljwtfsf] cleGg cËsf] ?kdf /x]sf] s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf dfgj hfltsf] cfwf/e"t
vfB ;'/Iff tyf hLljsf]kfh{gsf] nflu ckl/xfo{ 5 . s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f, ;+j4{g
Pj+ ljsf; xfd|f k"j{hn] ub}{ cfPsf x'g\ . g]kfndf s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfsf cleGg c+ux?
kof{Kt dfqfdf pknAw eP klg ;dosf] cGt/fndf :yfgLo s[lifhGo cfg'j+lzs >f]t nf]k x'g
nfu]sf] tYo cWoog–cg';Gwfgn] k|i6 kf/]sf] 5 . s[lif k|wfg b]zdf s[lif If]qsf] bLuf] ljsf;,
vfB ;'/Iff / u/LaL lgjf/0fsf] cfwf/:tDesf] ?kdf /x]sf] dxTjk"0f{ s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf
;+/If0f, ;+j4{g Pj+ bLuf] pkof]u ug{' /fli6«o lhDd]jf/L xf] .
h}ljs ljljwtfsf] a9L pkof]u x'g] k|hflt (Species) nfO{ ;d]6\g] s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfnfO{
/fi6«n] /fv]sf] bLuf] s[lif ljsf;sf] nIo cg'?k cfly{s pknlAw xfl;n ug{ Pj+ kof{j/0fLo
;Gt'ng sfod ug{ h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f x'g clt cfjZos 5 . pko{'Qm cfjZostfnfO{
dWogh/ /fVb}, g]kfn kIf /x]sf] cGt/f{li6«o h}ljs ljljwtf dxf;lGw !((@ (Convention on
Biological Diversity 1992) Pj+ ;femf ;dembf/L tyf g]kfn h}ljs ljljwtf /0fgLlt @)%(
;d]tnfO{ b[li6ut u/L Æ/fli6«o s[lif gLlt @)^!æ sf] h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f, ;Da4{g Pj+
;b'kof]u ug]{ p2]Zo cg'?k of] gLlt nfu' ul/Psf] 5 .
@= kl/efiff M o; gLltsf] k|of]hgsf nfuL M–
-s_ “cfg'j+lzs kbfy{‘’ eGgfn] g]kfn clw/fHosf] jg:klt, hLj hGt' tyf ;"Id
hLjf0f'sf]] ls|ofTds OsfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .
-v_ “cfg'j+lzs >f]t’’ eÌfn] g]kfn clw/fHosf :j:yfgLo (in-situ) jf k/:yfgLo (ex-
situ) cj:yfdf /x]sf jf:tljs / ;+efljt cj:yfdf /x]sf] jf:tljs / ;Defljt
dxTjsf cfg'j+lzs kbfy{ ;Demg' k5{ . ;f] zAbn] To:tf] cfg'j+lzs a:t'sf] cjoj
(Organ) jf To;sf] kl/jlt{t Pj+ kl/dflh{t :j?k (Derivatives) ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
t/ ;f] zAbn] dfgj cfg'j+lzs >f]tnfO{ hgfpg] 5}g .
-u_ æ:j:yfgLo (in-situ) ;+/If0fÆ eÌfn] df}lns jf;:yfgdf g} ;+/If0f ug]{ sfo{nfO{
;Demg' k5{ .
-3_ æk/:yfgLo (ex-situ) ;+/If0fÆ eÌfn] df}lns jf;:yfg eGbf cGoq k|fs[lts jf s[lqd
jftfj/0f tof/ u/L ;+/If0f ug]{ sfo{nfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .
-ª_ “h}ljs ljljwtf’’ eGgfn] cfsfzLo, :ynLo (Terrestrial), hnLo, ;fd'lb|s / cGo
If]qdf /x]sf] hLj hGt'x?sf] kfl/l:ylts k|0ffnL (Ecosystem), To;sf] efusf] ?kdf
/x]sf] hLj / jg:kltsf] ;DaGw tyf ljljwtf ;Demg' kb{5 . ;f] zAbn] hflto,
k|hftLo ljljwtf (Species Diversity), cfg'j+lzs ljljwtf (Genetic Diversity) /
kfl/l:ylts k|0ffnL sf] ljljwtf (Ecosystem Diversity) ;d]tnfO{ hgfpFb5 .
-r_ “s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf’’ eGgfn] h}ljs ljljwtf cGtu{t s[lifhGo kfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnL
(Agro-Ecosystem) sf] ljljwtf, k|hftLo ljljwtf (Species Diversity) tyf j+zf0f'ut
ljljwtf (Genetic Diversity) df ;dflxt vfB / s[lifsf cfg'j+lzs >f]tx?, s[lif
pTkfbg k|0ffnL;+u cfa4 ePsf kof{j/0fLo ;]jfx? k|bfg ug]{ laleGg lsl;dsf
hLjx?, s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfdf lglZrt k|efj kfg]{ ch}ljs kIfx? tyf ;fdflhs,
cfly{s / ;f+:s[lts kIfx? -cg';"rL ! adf]lhd_ ;Demg' k5{ .
-5_ “s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf clen]v’’ eGgfn] g]kfnsf] vfB / s[lifhGo cfg'j+lzs >f]t /
To:fsf cjoj tyf kl/jlQ{t / kl/dflh{t cfg'j+lzs >f]t / To;;Fu ;DalGwt
:yfgLo ;d'bfosf] k/Dk/fut 1fg, ;Lk, vf]h, k|ljlw / cEof; ;d]tsf] k+lhs/0faf6
tof/ kfl/Psf] clen]v ;Demg' k5{ .
-h_ “kx'Fr’’ eGgfn] cfg'j+lzs >f]t tyf cfg'j+lzs kbfy{ / o:tf >f]t tyf kbfy{;+u
;DalGwt h}ljs >f]t / :yflgo ;d'bfosf] k/Dk/fut 1fg, ;Lk, vf]h, k|ljlw /
cEof; tyf ltgLx?sf] :j:yfgLo / k/:yfgLo cj:yfdf /x]sf cjoj tyf kl/dflh{t
>f]tsf] ;Íng, k|flKt, u|x0f ;Demg' k5{ .
-em_ “pkof]u’’ eGgfn]] cfg'j+lzs >f]t tyf cfg'j+lzs kbfy{sf] cWoog, cg';Gwfg,
Jofkfl/s tyf cf}Bf]lus jf cGo k|of]hgsf] nflu ul/g] pkof]u ;Demg' k5{ .
-`_ “s[ifs’’ eGgfn] k/Dk/fut 1fg, ;Lk, vf]h, k|ljlw, k|of]u cEof; cflbsf] cfwf/df
k/Dk/fut :yfgLo vfB / s[lifhGo cfg'j+lzs >f]tsf] ;+/If0f, ;+j4{g Pj+ ljsf; ug]{
:yfgLo JolQm jf ;d'bfo ;Demg' k5{ .
-6_ “nfesf] afF8kmfF8’’ eGgfn] cfg'j+lzs >f]t tyf cfg'j+lzs kbfy{sf] kx'Fr, pkof]u /
lgsfzLsf] kl/0ffd :j?k k|fKt x'g] cfly{s nfe / cGo kmfObfsf] afF8kmfF8 ;Demg' k5{
.
-7_ “;dGoflos (Equitable) ljt/0f’’ eGgfn] cfg'j+lzs >f]t jf cfg'j+lzs kbfy{df
kx'Fr k|bfg u/] afkt / To:tf] >f]t tyf kbfy{ jf ;f] ;+u ;DalGwt k/Dk/fut 1fg,
;Lk, vf]h, k|ljlw / cEof;sf] ;+/If0f, ;+j4{g / ljsf; u/] afkt ul/g] nfesf]
afF8kmfF8 tyf ljt/0f ;Demg' k5{ .
-8_ “k/fDk/fut 1fg’’ eÌfn] h}ljs >f]tsf] ;+/If0f Pj+ pkof]usf] af/]df :yflgo JolQm
jf ;d'bfodf lglxt /x]sf 1fg, ;Lk, vf]h, k|ljlw / cEof; ;Demg' k5{ .
-9_ “h}ljs ;'/Iff” eGgfn] ;+s|fds, cg'j+z kl/jlt{t hLj (Genetically Modified
Organism, GMO) ÷ hLljt ?kdf ?kfGtl/t hLj (Living Modified Organism,
LMO) ;d]tsf] Jofj;flos jf cg';GwfgfTds k|of]uaf6 s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf, dfgj,
kz'k+IfL, lj?jfsf] :jf:Yo tyf ;'/Iff / jftfj/0fLo hf]lvdaf6 hf]lug] pkfonfO{
;Demg' k5{ .
-0f_ æ;ldltÆ eÌfn] o; gLltsf] cg';"lr @ adf]lhdsf] æs[lif h}ljs ljljwtf, /fli6«o
;+/If0f ;ldltÆ nfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .
2
#= kl/sNkgf (Vision) M
vfB Pj+ s[lifhGo cfg'j+lzs >f]t, kbfy{ tyf :yfgLo 1fg, ;Lk cflbsf] ;+/If0f, pkof]u /
nfesf] ;dGoflos (Equitable) Pj+ Goflos (fair) af+8kmf+8 u/L jt{dfg / efjL k':tfsf]
vfB ;'/Iff Pj+ ul/aL Go"lgs/0f ug]{ kl/sNkgf ul/Psf] 5 .
$= p2]Zox? M
-s_ s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f, ;+j4{g / bLuf] pkof]u u/L s[lifsf] ;d'lrt
ljsf; Pj+ vfB tyf kf]if0f ;'/Iff ;'b[9 ug]{ .
-v_ s[ifssf] k/Dk/fut 1fg, ;Lk, vf]h, k|ljlw, pkof]u / cEof;x?sf]
xs lxtsf] ;+/If0f Pj+ ;+j4{g ug]{ .
-u_ s[lif cfg'j+lzs >f]t tyf kbfy{sf] kx'+r / pkof]uaf6 >[lht cj;/ /
nfex?sf] ;dGoflos Pj+ Goflos ljt/0f k|0ffnLsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] .
-3_ bL3{sflng ?kdf s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f Pj+ ;+j4{g u/L kof{j/0fLo
;Gt'ng clea[l4 ug{df of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] .
%= gLlt M
s= s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f, ;+j4{g / bLuf] pkof]usfnflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf gLlt
cjnDag ul/g]5 M
!= s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f, ;+j4{g tyf bLuf] pkof]usf] nflu cWoog, cg';Gwfg
Pj+ k|;f/ ug]{ .
@= s[ifsaf6 s[ifs aLr aLp ljlgdo ug]{ k/Dk/fut aLp tyf cGo ljt/0f k|0ffnLnfO{
;'b[9 ug]{ .
#= s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfdf cfwfl/t ahf/ tyf pBf]u Joj;fonfO{ k|f]T;fxg lbg] .
$= s[ifssf] 1fg / ;Lkdf cfwfl/t a}1flgs k|ljlw Pj+ 1fgsf] k|of]unfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ .
%= s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfdf cfwfl/t e} s[ifssf] lxt x'g] u/L hg;xeflutfd"ns k4ltåf/f,
pTkfbg a[l4, /f]huf/L Pj+ cfod"ns sfo{s|dx?nfO{ k|fyldstf lbg] .
v= s[ifssf] k/Dk/fut 1fg, ;Lk, vf]h, k|ljlw, pkof]u / cEof;x?sf] xs lxtsf] ;+/If0f Pj+
;+j4{gsfnflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf gLlt cjnDag ul/g]5 M
!= k/Dk/fut tyf :yfgLo vfB / s[lif cfg'j+lzs >f]t Joj:yfkg ;+DalGw s[ifssf]
k/Dk/fut 1fg, ;Lk, vf]h, k|ljlw k|of]u, cEof; cflbnfO{ ;+/If0f k|bfg ug]{ .
@= k/Dk/fut tyf :yfgLo s[lif cfg'j+lzs >f]tsf] :jfldTj, To:tf] >f]tsf] ;+/If0f,
;+j4{g Pj+ ljsf; ug]{ s[ifs / g]kfn ;/sf/df /xg] .
#= s[lif h}ljs >f]tsf] ;+sng, jlu{s/0f tyf d"NofÍg u/L lj:t[t j}1flgs ljj/0f tof/
ug]{ .
$= s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfsf] clen]v tof/ u/L kl~hs/0f ug]{ / ;f]sf] :jfldTj s[ifsdf
g} lglxt /xg] .
%= s[ifssf] k/Dk/fut tyf :yfgLo 1fg, ;Lk, vf]h, k|ljlw, k|of]u, cEof; cflbsf] xs
;DalGwt s[ifsdf lglxt /xg] .
3
^= vfB / s[lif cfg'j+lzs >f]t Pj+ :yfgLo 1fgsf] k|of]u u/L gofF k|ljlw ljsf; Pj+
Joj;fo ug'{ k/]df kx'Frsf]nflu k"j{ cg'dlt lbg] ;+:yf ;+u cnUu} ;Demf}tf ug'{ kg]{ .
o;/L ;Demf}tf ubf{ jftfj/0f Pj+ h}ljs ljljwtfdf k|lts"n k|efj gkg]{ u/L ug'{ kg]{
.
u= s[lif cfg'j+lzs >f]t tyf kbfy{sf] kx'+r / pkof]uaf6 >[lht cj;/ / nfex?sf]
;dGoflos Pj+ Goflos ljt/0f k|0ffnLsf] Joj:yfsfnflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf gLlt cjnDag
ul/g]5 M
!= s'g} klg ljb]zL ;+:yfn] g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k"j{ cg'dlt k|fKt u/L tf]lsPsf] zt{df
k/Dk/fut :yfgLo vfB / s[lif cfg'j+lzs >f]tdf kx'Fr kfpg] . t/ JolQmut ?kdf
kx'Frsf] nflu cg'dlt lbOg] 5}g .
@= :jb]zdf vfB / s[lif cfg'j+lzs >f]t Pj+ :yfgLo 1fg ;DalGw cWoog tyf
cg';Gwfg ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/;+u cg'dlt k|fKt ug{' gkg]{ . t/ ;DalGwt lgsfo tyf
s[ifssf] k"j{ ;"lrt ;xdlt (Prior Informed Consent, PIC) k|fKt ug'{ kg]{5 .
#= k/Dk/fut tyf :yfgLo vfB / s[lif cfg'j+lzs >f]t jf :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] 1fg k|of]u
u/L ul/Psf] Joj;fo jf af}l4s ;Dkltsf] clwsf/af6 k|fKt x'g] nfesf] ;dGoflos
afF8kmfF8 x'g] .
$= vfB / s[lif cfg'j+lzs >+f]tsf] clen]v Pj+ :jfldTjsf] Joj:yf, kx'Fr, nfesf]
afF8kmfF8, cflb kIfx?nfO{ Psnåf/ k|0ffnL cGtu{t ;+rfng ug]{ .
3= bL3{sflng ?kdf s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f Pj+ ;+j4{g u/L kof{j/0fLo ;Gt'ng
clea[l4 ug{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf gLlt cjnDag ul/g]5 M
!= ljsf; sfo{s|dx? ;+rfngsfnflu jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"NofFsg ubf{ s[lif
h}ljs ljljwtfnfO{ ljz]if dxTj lbg] .
@= ;+s|fds, cg'j+z kl/jlQ{t hLljt ?kdf ?kfGtl/t vfB / s[lifhGo jg:klt Pj+
hLjsf] cWoog-cg';Gwfg ug{ k}7f/L tyf cGj]if0fsf] cg'dlt lng'kg]{] .
#= h}ljs ljljwtf, jftfj/0f / dfgj :jf:Yodf gsf/fTds k|efj kfg{ ;Sg] hf]lvd
(Risk) ePsf GMO tyf To;sf pTkfbgnfO{ cfjZostf cg';f/ lgoGq0f jf lgif]w
ug]{ .
$= s[lif kof{j/0fLo ;]jfx?sf] bLuf] kl/rfngsf]nflu k/fu;]rs (Pollinators) tyf cGo
kof{j/0fLo ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ hLjx? ;DalGw cWoog, cg';Gwfg, cg'udg u/L ;+/If0fsf
sfo{s|dx? ;~rfng ug]{ .
^= gLltsf] sfof{Gjog tyf cg'udg M
of] gLltsf] sfof{Gjog tyf cg'udg ug]{ sfd ;ldltaf6 x'g]5 . ;ldltsf] sfo{
;~rfng tyf a}7s ;DalGw sfo{ljwL ;ldlt cfkm}n] lgwf{/0f ug]{5 .
4
cg';"rL – !
s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfsf] sfo{ If]q -k|s/0f @ sf] v08 -r_ ;+u ;DalGwt_*
s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfsf] sfo{ If]q leq vfB / s[lif;+u ;DalGwt h}ljs ljljwtfsf ;Dk"0f{
c+zx? / s[lifhGo kfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnL, -s[lifhGo ag:klt, hLjhGt', hnr/ / ;"Id
hLjf0f'sf j+zf0f'ut, k|hflt / kfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnL txsf hft Pj+ leGgtf (Variety and
variability), s[lif kfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnL (Agri ecosystem) nfO{ wfGg cfjZos k|d'v sfo{x?
(Functions), ;+/rgf / k|ls|ofx? kg]{ ePsf]n] s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfsf lgDg kIfx? /xg]5g\ M
-s_ s[lifsf cfg'j+lzs >f]tx? M
• jg:klt hGo cfg'j+lzs >f]tx? -3fF;]jfnL / r/gsf k|hflt Pj+ v]tL k|0ffnLsf]
cleGg c+usf] ?kdf /x]sf ?vsf cfg'j+lzs >f]tx? ;d]t_;
• kz' cfg'j+lzs >f]tx?
• dT:o cfg'j+lzs >f]tx?
• sL6 cfg'j+lzs >f]tx?,
• ;"Id hLjf0f' cfg'j+lzs >f]tx?,
• v]tL ul/g] / 3/kfn'jfdf /x]sf k|hfltx?sf] ;DalGwt h+unL k|hfltx? .
-v_ s[lif pTkfbg k|0ffnL;+u cfa4 ePsf lgDg kof{j/0fLo ;]jfx? k|bfg ug]{ laleGg
lsl;dsf hLjx? (Organisms)M
• kf]ifs tTj rs| (Nutrient Cycle)
• h}ljs j:t'x?sf] s'xfO (Decomposition)
• df6f]sf] pj{/f zlQm (Soil health)
• sL/f / /f]usf] k|fs[lts lgodg
• k/fu ;]rg (Pollination)
• :yfgLo jGo hLj÷hGt' / ;f] sf] jf;:yfg ;+/If0f / ;+j4{g (Habitat
conservation management)
• hnrs| ;+/If0f (Water cycle conservation)
• k|f+uf/ l:yl/s/0f (Carbon sequestration)
• e"–Ifo lgoGq0f (Soil erosion control)
• df};d tyf hnjfo'sf] k|fs[lts lgodg
• cGo
-u_ s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfdf lglZrt k|efj kfg]{ ch}ljs kIfx?
-3_ ;fdflhs, cfly{s / ;f+:s[lts kIfx? M
• s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfsf k/Dk/fut / :yfgLo 1fg, ;f+:s[lts kIfx?, /
;xeflutfsf k|ls|ofx? ;
• s[lif e"–agf}6;+u ufl;Psf ko{6g;
• cGo ;fdflhs, cfly{s tTjx?;
*
CBD, 1992 sf] Conference of the Parties sf] lg0f{o g+= III/11 sf] cfwf/df .
5
cg';"rL @
æs[lif h}ljs ljljwtf, /fli6«o ;+/If0f ;ldltÆ k|s/0f @ sf] v08 -0f_ ;+u
;DjlGwt_
o; ;ldltsf] u7g tkl;n adf]lhd /xg] 5 .
;lrj, s[lif tyf ;xsf/L dGqfno cWoIf
;x–;lrj -s[lif_, /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u ;b:o
;x–;lrj, -jftfj/0f_, jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno ;b:o
;x–;lrj, -jftfj/0f_, jftfj/0f, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqfno ;b:o
;x–;lrj, -jftfj/0f_, pBf]u, jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{ dGqfno ;b:o
;x–;lrj, -jftfj/0f_, :yflgo ljsf; dGqfno ;b:o
sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs, g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb ;b:o
dxflgb]{zs, s[lif ljefu ;b:o
dxflgb]{zs, kz' ;]jf ljefu ;b:o
dxflgb]{zs, vfB k|ljlw tyf u'0f lgoGq0f ljefu ;b:o
dxflgb]{zs, jg cg';Gwfg tyf ;e]{If0f ljefu ;b:o
k|ltgLlw -k|fWofks_, s[lif tyf kz' lj1fg cWoog ;+:yfg ;b:o
k|ltgLlw -k|fWofks_, s]lGb|o jg:klt ljefu, lqe"jg ljZjljBfno ;b:o
k|ltgLlw, gLlh If]q -u}x| ;/sf/L ;+:yf_ ;b:o
k|ltgLlw, gLlh If]q -pBdL÷Jofkf/L_ ;b:o
k|ltgLlw, -s[ifs_ ;b:o
;x–;lrj, n}lËs ;dtf tyf jftfj/0f dxfzfvf,
s[lif tyf ;xsf/L dGqfno ;b:o ;lrj
