ANSWER KEY BOOK-6 Essential English Grammar & Composition How well have you read ? A. 1. Santro - (P), model (C), cars - (C), 2. The Ganges - (P), river - (C), 3. Himalayas ~ (P), mountains - (C), 4. Jitendra - (P), family ~ (C), 5 Poppy ~ (P) flower - (C), 6. Mercury ~ (P), planet (C) sun - (P), 7. Golden Bear - (P), stars—(C). B. 1. pond. 2. garden, 3. furniture, 4. letters & money orders, 5. rains, 6. tree, 7. church, 8. doors. ©. 1. flock, 2. pack, 3. team, 4. gang, 5. choir, 6. bundle, 7. collection, 8. clump. D. 1. man, 2. Rohit, 3. cluster, 4. car, 5. radio, 6. fear, 7. books, 8. thermometer. E. 1. The name ofa particular person, place or thing is a proper noun. Proper noun includes the name of a day of the week, the month, the titles of books and films, ete. 2. A common noun is the name common to any and every person and thing of the same kind. 3. A collective noun is the name given to a group or collection of persons, animals or things spoken of as one whole. 4. An abstract noun is the name of some quality which cannot be seen or touched; a state of mind or action or an idea. 5. A material noun is the name of some substance or material of which things are made How well have you read? A. [Link], 2. is, 3. are, 4. are, 5. are, 6. is, 7. Are, 8. Is. B. 1. The chairs are made of wood. 2. The dogs ran after the calves. 3. The deer run swiftly. 4. The passers-by picked up the books. SOUVENIR ae teal Gra5. The boys hurt their feet when they fell. 6. The stepmothers can love their stepsons. 7. The commanders-in-chief of the armies must be obeyed. 8. Mothers told the children stories. 1. are, 2. is, 3. is, 4. was, 5. requires, 6. was, 7. were, 8. are. 1. wishes, 2. heroes, 3. flies, 4. key, 5. apples, 6. leaves, 7. knives, 8. fishes. 1. When a noun refers to one person or one thing, it is said to be in the singular number. 2. When a noun refers to more than one person or one thing, it is said to be in the plural number. 3. The commonest way of changing singular nouns to plural is by adding-s 4. We change nouns ending with -s, -ss, -sh, -ch and -x from singular to plural by adding es. 5. We change into plural by adding -ies to those singular nouns which end with -y and have a consonant before -y 6. Singulars ending with -f or -fe change into plurals by replacing-f or-fe with -ves. 7. In the case of nouns that end with ‘O', we change them into plurals by adding'-es' to their singular form. 8. Furniture, News, Scenery, Innings, Mathematics, Advice, Information, Knowledge, Luggage. 9. Alms, Cattle, People, Scissors, Trousers, Riches, Clothes, Goods, Thanks, Socks. How well have you read ? A. 1. John's dumbells, 2. The man's wallet, 3. The baby's cry, 4. The little girls happy faces, 5. The owls’ hooting, 6. The master craftsman's skills, 7. The soldiers’ rifles, 8. Mr. Williams’ dog, 9. The mistress's instructions, 10. The women's team. B. [Link]-~ (1) present —(D), 2. me-(l) market -(D), 3. him (I) letter—(D), 4. me ~ (I) English - (D), 5. you - (1) question ~ (D), 6. him ~ (I) fifty rupees — (D}, 7. him — (I) answer — (D), 8. me — (I) chocolate — (D), 9. us-—(I) car-(D), 10. me- (I) book - (D). 1. The cats’ tails, 2. The boys’ pants, 3. The men's clothes, 4. The men's worries, 5. The girls’ noses, 6. The ladies’ purses, 7. The SOUVENIR >] teal Grahorses’ legs, 8. The children’s rooms. The father's uniform which he wore. The people's houses where they live. The Principal's orders issued by him. ‘The Madonna's songs sung by herself. The Headmistress' office. The Mandela's idea. Anoun is said to be in the nominative case, when it is used as the subject ofa verb. 2. Anoun or pronoun used as the object of the verb is said to be in the objective or accusative case. 3. The thing named is direct object, the person or animal named is the indirect object. 4, When a noun or pronoun indicates possession, it is said to be the Possessive case. 5. The pronouns that are commonly used in the possessive case are :my, our, your, his, her, its, their, F. 1. Hard work brings glory. Aman can succeed by hard work. Hard work's successes. 2. Manu wrote an essay. Aball was kicked by Manu. Manu's bagis heavy. 3. Rahul wore the shirt. Shirt was white washed by Rahul Rahul's shirt is new. How well have you read ? A. Nun, Filly, Jenny-ass, Abbess, Governess, Prophetess, Partoness, Landlady, Bee, Hind, Vamp, Signora, Cow, Lass. B. Boar/pig, Marchuis, Czar, Hero, Murderer, Earl, Negro, Jew, Peacock, Cock-sparrow, Wizard, Sheep/Ram, Gander, Drake. C. 1. Thelioness hunted the deer. 2. The policewoman caught the murderess. 3. My mother bought a ball for my little sister. 4. 5, D. POaP pO . The priestess blessed the queen. . The hero of the film played with his peacock. SOUVENIR ~ teal Gra6. Doyou know the gents and the boys standing outside. 7. The girl went to the washerwoman to fetch her clothes 8. The old woman asked the maid-servent for a cup oftea. D. Masculine : Poet, Peacock, Sir, Fox, Man Feminine : Hostess, Grandmother, Mistress, Aunty, Hen. . Nouns denoting male persons or animals are known as masculine gender. 2. Nouns denoting female persons or animals are known as feminine gender. 3. Some nouns are used to denote both male and female persons or animals and they are known as common gender. 4. Nouns that are names of non-living things are known as neuter gender. 5. Material Nouns and collective nouns and non-living are neuter genders. How well you have read ? A. 1. ours, 2. hers, 3. yours, 4. mine, 5. his, 6. theirs, 7. his, 8. hers. B. 1. mine, 2. you, 3. her, 4. you, 5. him, 6. us, 7. you, 8. them. ©. 1. who, 2. which, 3. whom, 4. whom, 5. who, 6. that, 7. who, 8. which. D. 1, himself-"E’, 2. himself— 5. himself—'E', 6. himself-"E’ E. 1. A pronoun used in the place of the name of a person or a thing is called a personal pronoun, 2. The pronouns that stand for the doers, are the reflexive pronouns. 3. Empathic pronouns are used to emphasize or stress that doer is the very person or thing responsible for the action. 4. Pronouns that show procession or ownership are called possessive pronouns. 5. Pronouns that are used to point out a person, place or thing are called demonstrative pronouns. 6. The pronouns which are used in questions called interrogative pronouns. 7. Relative pronouns are used to join the sentences. 3. themselves —'R’, 4. themselves —'R', SOUVENIR es teal GraHow well have you read? A. 1. me, 2. me, 3. her, 4.1, 5. he, 6. they. B. 1. We, 2. us, 3. us, 4. We & we, 5. us, 6. us, [Link], 8. we. C. 1. yours, 2. you, 3. yours, 4. you, 5. your, 6. yours, 7. you, 8. your. D. 1.1,2. me &I, 3.1, 4. me, 5. me, 6.1, 7. me, 8. me, 9. me &T, 10. me. E. 1. my, me, mine, 2. my, I, 3. My, mine, 4. My, me, 5. We, our, 6. us, we, 7. my, mine, 8. We, ours, 9. mine, I, 10. We, our. How will have you read? A. 1. every, his 2. Those, 3. your, 4. What manner, 5. your, 6. some, ripe 7. enough, 8. glorious, 9. This, 10. tall. Noun : days, book, course, area, belief, escape, war, success, person, reason. ©. 1. proud, 2. These, 3. deserted, 4. blunt, careless, 8. obedient, 9. easy, 10. impure. D. 1. few, itrefers tonoun'man' and isan adjective of number. 2. several, it refers to the noun ‘times’ and is an adjective of umber. 3. second, itrefers to noun ‘prize’ and is an adjective of number. 4. small, it refers to noun teak’ and is the adjective of quantity. 5. Rosey, it refers to noun ‘apple’ and is adjective of quality. 6. yonder, it refers to noun hill and is a demonstrative adjective. 7. cunning, it refers to noun ‘shopkeeper’ and is an adjective of quality. 8. any, itrefers to noun ‘food’ and itis an and adjective of quantity. 9. Every, it refers to the noun ‘day’ and itis a distributive adjective. 10. What, it refers to noun ‘time’ and it is an interrogative adjective. E. 1. Descriptive adjectives or Adjectives of quality tell us about the quality of a person or thing. Examples : (i) The flowers are lovely. (ii) Mr Tom is a grumpy old man. 2. "When, What, Which and Whose" are used with nouns to ask questions. So they are called interrogative adjectives. 3. An adjective of quantity describes the quantity of things. The words, "some, little, no and sufficient” tell us about quantity of the noun, 4. This adjective points out the things or the nouns that they are . loose, 6. deep, 7 SOUVENIR eZ! teal Graused with. These adjectives answer the question : Which? 5. Possessive adjective shows possession or ownership. These adjectives answer the question : Whose? 6. An adjective used to talk about the number of things or persons is called Adjective of Number. F. sharp, clean, two, refined, clean, sliced, heated, cut, fried, tasty, all. How well have you read ? A. 1. taller, 2. heavier, 3. more, 4. bad, 5. worst, 6. less fragrant, 7. farther, 8. less expensive, 9. neatest, 10. most creative. B, 1, sharper -'C,, 2. slightest -'S', 3. such -'P’, 4. less ~ 'C’, 5. much - 'P’, 6. fair-'P’, 7. lesser-'C’, 8. powerful-'P’, 9. best -'S’, 10. wiser — co ©. Positive Comparative Superlative dishonest moredishonest most dishonest ugly uglier ugliest stupid stupider stupidest hopeless morehopeless__most hopeless. kind kinder kindest impatient | moreimpatient most impatient unpleasant moreunpleasant most unpleasant fortunate more fortunate _ most fortunate 1. important, 2. higher, 3. best, 4. better, 5. greatest, 6. shorter, 7. better, 8. lighter, 9. greater, 10. mightier. . (Comp.)-The tiger is more ferocious than any other animal. (Positive) - No other animals as ferocious as the tiger. 2. (Positive) - Very few metals are as heavy as lead. (Sup,) -Lead is one of the heaviest of metals. 3. (Positive) ~ He would not lie as soon as die. (Sup.) - He would prefer soonest death to telling allie. 4. (Comp.)- America is richer than any other country in the world. (Positive) - No other country in the world is as rich as America. 5. (Sup.)-Iron is the most useful of all metals. (Positive) - No other metal is as useful as iroi How well have you read ? SOUVENIR 8. 9. u . Iam angry at your behaviour. . The thief was arrested by the police. ‘The elephant was shot by the hunter. 0. Iwas kept waiting by him. SOUVENIR Aly teal Gra. The manager will give you a ticket. . They handed over a chair to her. . The Principal praised him. ‘The fire damaged the building. . The storm felled the trees. . People lined the road. . Everyone will blame us. . Abus knocked down the child. . An earthquake destroyed the town. 0. Jim did not speak a word. . Heavy sales has been generated by the advertisement. . [Link] elected the captain by us. . Who broke this jug. . They refused to admit him, The weak should not be insulted by anyone. . Someone has picked my pocket. . They will compel me to go. . He was laughed at by all his friends. |. His wife was made to do all the work by him, 0. They have cut the tell phone wires. 1.A,2.P,3.P,4.P,5.A,6.A,7.A,8.P,9.A, 10. A. 1. Averb is said to be in active voice when the subject of the verb performs the action. 2. A sentence is said to be in passive voice when the subject receives the action named in verb. 3. When we change a sentence from active voice to Passive Voice, we have to follow some rules. They are : (i) When the subject is singular, the verb must also be singular. Example - She is writing a letter. (i) When the subject is plural, the verb must also be plural Example ~The men have finished the work. (iii)When the verb changes from Active to Passive, its form changes but not its tense. (iv) It is not always necessary to state the doer of the action in the passive sentence, especially if the doer is given as: "Somebody’, " ", “everyone” or "nobody". In such cases HORNANAONE HE ORVAHAONE ‘no one’, the doer is not important at all. Example~ SOUVENIR aw teal Gra(1) Some body has broken the glass. (2) The glass has been broken by some body. Do Yourself How well you have read ? A. 1. The adventure that lay ahead for the boys was canoeing across to the little island, carrying their haversacks up the racy path, pitchinga tent for night, ete. 2. There was little point in trying to talk. The noise outside was too loud. Everything was so novel and challenging 3. The climbing, carrying their haveracks and travelling over rocky paths must have caused bruises and scratches. 4, When they flopped down to the ground, they wave all very bruised and tired. The canvas soaked through rain made pitching the tent difficult. There was no point in talking because the noise outside was too loud. . Yes, the boys were actually enjoying themselves towards the end. How well you have read ? A. 1. Books, 2. Friends, 3. Boxes, 4, Sisters, 5. Pockets, 6. Matches. B. 1. Kukuis not (isn't) early either. . Lam not (I'm not / Iain't) a typist either. . They are not (aren't) in time today either. . We are not (aren't) English either. . My sister is not (isn't) here either. . The teacher is not (isn't) late either. : On, 2. In, on, 3. In, 4. On, in, 5. Under, on CHAPTER - 19 TO 27 How well you have read ? Do Yourself. ao HOUMA wH souveNtR aby eas Grammar