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Quantum Computing Problem Set 1 Solutions

1. A qubit is in the state |ψ⟩ = 1/√2|0⟩ + i/√2|1⟩. The probabilities of measuring 0 and 1 are both 1/2. Writing the state in the |+⟩,|−⟩ basis gives |ψ⟩ = 1/√2|+⟩ + i/√2|−⟩. 2. The matrix U performs a rotation on the qubit. U is unitary as UU† = I. Applying U twice rotates the state back to the original. U can be written as U = (1/√2)I +

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268 views4 pages

Quantum Computing Problem Set 1 Solutions

1. A qubit is in the state |ψ⟩ = 1/√2|0⟩ + i/√2|1⟩. The probabilities of measuring 0 and 1 are both 1/2. Writing the state in the |+⟩,|−⟩ basis gives |ψ⟩ = 1/√2|+⟩ + i/√2|−⟩. 2. The matrix U performs a rotation on the qubit. U is unitary as UU† = I. Applying U twice rotates the state back to the original. U can be written as U = (1/√2)I +

Uploaded by

Lidia Artiom
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Quantum Computing

Problem Set 1 Solutions

1. The basic unit of quantum information is the qubit. In this problem we will discuss asingle
qubit system.
You are given a qubit with a wave function given by |i = 21 + 2i |0i +

1
i
2 2 |1i
(a) The bra corresponding to this state is:




1
i
1
i
h| =

|0i +
+
|1i
2 2
2 2
(b)



 


1
i
1
i
1
i
1
i

+
+
+

2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
  2  2  2  2
1
i
1
i
=

2
2
2
2
=1

h|i =

(c) The probabilities of obtaining the 0 or 1 states are:





1
i
1
i
1
P (0) = |v0 |2 = v0 v0 =
+

=
2 2
2 2
2



1
i
1
i
1
P (1) = |v1 |2 = v1 v1 =

+
=
2 2
2 2
2
(d)

1
1
h+|i =
2 2
1
= +
2 2
1
=
2

1
1
h|i =
2 2
1
= +
2 2
i
=
2
1



1
1
i
+

2 2 2
i
1
i
+
2 2 2 2 2 2
+

i
2




i
1
1
i
+

2
2 2 2
i
1
i
+
2 2 2 2 2 2

(e) |+i and |i are orthogonal:






1
1
1
1

h+|i =
+

2
2
2
2
1 1
=
2 2
=0
and normalized:
1 1
1 1
h+|+i = +
2 2
2 2
1 1
= +
2 2
=1



1
1
1 1

h|i = +
2
2
2 2
1 1
= +
2 2
=1
(f) Were going to use the previous part. Multiplying by h+| and h| respectively, we get
h+|i = h+||+i + h+||i
= h+|+i + h+|i
= (1) + (0)
=
h|i = h||+i + h||i
= h|+i + h|i
= (0) + (1)
=
(g) We already determined that = h+|i =
directly in our wave equation and obtain:

1
2

and = h|i =

|i = |+i + |i
1
i
= |+i + |i
2
2
(h) The probabilities in the new computational basis are:
1 1
1
P (+) = =
2
2 2


i
i
1
P () =

=
2
2
2
2

i .
2

We substitute

2. We explore matrix operations on a single qubit. We have:


#
" 1
i

2
i
2

U=

2
1
2

(a) The complex conjugate to U is


"

1
2
i2

U =

i2

i2

1
2

(b) The adjoint to U is


U = (U )T
" 1

i2

1
2

(c) We calculate U U to show that U is indeed unitary:


" 1
#" 1
i

UU =

2
2
i
1
2
2
1
1
2 + 2


=

1
2

0
+

i2


i2

1
2

1
2

=I
1
2



+ 2i |0i + 12 2i |1i:

 1

1
1 i
+ 2i
2
U |i =
1
i
2 i 1
2 2
"
#

(d) We evolve the wave function |i =

1+i

(e) We have:
"

1
2
i
2

i
2
1
2

0 i
i 0

U =
=

#"

1
2
i
2

i
2
1
2

We can calculate U 4 = U U U U = (U 2 )(U 2 ) because of the associativity of matrices:





0 i
0 i
4
U =
i 0
i 0


1 0
=
0 1
= I
3

(f) We can apply U twice to |i as U (U |i) = (U U )|i:



 1
0 i
2 +
(U U )|i =
1
i 0

 1+i  2
2
= 1+i

i
2
i
2

(g) We can express U as:


i
1
U = 0 + 1
2
2




i
1
1 0
0 1
+
=
2 0 1
2 1 0
" 1
#
i

=
Thus we have s0 =

1
2

and s1 =

2
i
2

2
1
2

i .
2

(h) We calculate U ZU as:







1
1
1 0
1 i
1 i

U ZU =
0 1
2 i 1
2 i 1



1 1 i
1 i
=
i 1
2 i 1


0 i
=
i 0

=Y

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