I.
II.
The Greek Revolution
A. Social Aspects
1. Greeks slaughtered
2. Second class citizenship
B. Political Aspects
1. Greek Constitution of 1822
2. Muhammad Ali intervening scheming to
gain more land via Ibrahim
3. European intervention democratic culture
4. Russian interest Nicholas I of Russia
supports revolution, Serbian autonomy
5. Treaty of London 1827 Ottomans reject
6. Treaty of Adrianople 1829 Black Sea
territory to Russia, Serbian autonomy, Moldavia and Wallachia
given to Russia
7. London Protocols 1829/Treaty of London
1830 Greek monarchical, independent state with king,
autonomous state
8. Treaty of Unkiar Skelessi Russians helped
OME against foreign invaders (they wanted weak OME for
expansionist goals)
9. King Othon of Greece
C. Economic Aspects
1. British intervention George Canning, $$$
loaned
D. Religious/Cultural Aspects
1. European intervention Europe is more
Christian than the OME, romanticized Greek culture
2. Philhellenism Greek brotherhood/friendship
3. Lord Byron rallied west with his pro-Greek
poetry
4. Eastern Orthodox Christians, felt suppressed in
OME
E. Militaristic/Technological Aspects
1. Guerilla tactics of the Greeks
2. Greek infighting instability
3. Lack of regular army
4. Lack of Ottoman land success
5. Battle of Navarino OME and Egypt
decimated, Dardanelles closed
6. Balkan Wars 1912-3 Greeks got Thrace
and Macedonia, pushed OME out of Balkans
F. Historiography
G. Misc.
Muhammad Ali Pasha
A. Causes
B. Events
C. Effects
III.
D. Social Aspects
E. Political Aspects
F. Economic Aspects
G. Religious/Cultural Aspects
H. Militaristic/Technological Aspects
I. Historiography
J. Misc.
Tanzimat Reforms
A. Causes
B. Events
C. Effects
D. Social Aspects
1. Revolts of Janissaries
2. No more beards! Western
clothing/appearance
3. French = language of learning
4. Foreign education/educators
5. Women actually lost rights
6. Secularism
7. Ottomanism Ottoman national identity to
prevent fragmentation and nationalist revolts, ending Islamdominated society
E. Political Aspects
1. Execution of Selim III
2. Greek Revolution Mahmud II saw weakness
3. Served the purpose of increasing political
right Enlightenment ideals such as religious equality &
toleration, equality under the law, etc.
4. Shariah European style legal codes
(Napoleonic Code)
5. Decrease in the power of the Ulema
6. Capitulations European influence increased
7. Administrative French-knowers Fuad
Pasha, Ali Pasha, Rashid Pasha
8. Gulhane eliminate corruption
F. Economic Aspects
1. Tax-farming = no more
2. Foreign investment debt
3. Gulhane ends tax-farming
4. Hatt-i Humayun 1856 equality of religions
in a societal (education) and militaristic sense
5. Nationality Law 1869 common citizenship
regardless of religion
G. Religious/Cultural Aspects
1. Non-Muslims gained some privileges (head tax)
2. Hatt-i Sharif of Gulhane 1839 no more
millet system
H. Militaristic/Technological Aspects
1. Westernized techniques
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
2. Gulhane standardized conscription
I. Historiography
J. Misc.
Crimean War
A. Causes
B. Events
C. Effects
D. Social Aspects
E. Political Aspects
F. Economic Aspects
G. Religious/Cultural Aspects
H. Militaristic/Technological Aspects
I. Historiography
J. Misc.
Eastern Question
A. Social Aspects
B. Political Aspects
C. Economic Aspects
D. Religious/Cultural Aspects
E. Militaristic/Technological Aspects
F. Historiography
G. Misc.
Lebanese Civil War
A. Causes
B. Events
C. Effects
D. Social Aspects
E. Political Aspects
F. Economic Aspects
G. Religious/Cultural Aspects
H. Militaristic/Technological Aspects
I. Historiography
J. Misc.
Reign of Sultan Abdulhamid II
A. Social Aspects
B. Political Aspects
C. Economic Aspects
D. Religious/Cultural Aspects
E. Militaristic/Technological Aspects
F. Historiography
G. Misc.
Young Turks/CUP
A. Causes
B. Events
C. Effects
D. Social Aspects
E. Political Aspects
F. Economic Aspects
G. Religious/Cultural Aspects
H. Militaristic/Technological Aspects
I. Historiography
J. Misc.
