Essential

Science Plus 4 PRIMARY

Teachers Resource Book

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Contents
Introduction . ...................................................................... iii

Worksheets
Reinforcement ................................................................

Extension.......................................................................... 30
Culture & Festivals........................................................... 42
Investigate!....................................................................... 54
Assessment..................................................................... 66

Answer keys
Reinforcement ................................................................ 92
Extension.......................................................................... 98
Culture & Festivals........................................................... 102
Investigate!....................................................................... 104
Assessment..................................................................... 105

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Introduction
Essential Science Plus 4 Teachers Resource Book provides a wide variety
of photocopiable worksheets designed to complement Essential Science
Plus 4 Students Book and Essential Science Plus 4 Teachers Book.
These worksheets facilitate a flexible approach in the classroom. Students
in the same class can be given different worksheets. Stronger students
can expand on the material learnt in class. Weaker students can use
the worksheets to revise. Alternatively, students can work together with
stronger peers to complete the tasks. In addition, these worksheets can be
photocopied and used for homework.
There are five categories of worksheets: Reinforcement, Extension,
Culture & Festivals, Investigate! and Assessment. Answer keys are
provided at the back of this book.

Reinforcement and Extension worksheets

There are twenty-four Reinforcement worksheets and twelve Extension
worksheets. The Reinforcement worksheets are designed to provide
additional support for students in need of further practice. They can be
used after the relevant section in the Students Book, before the Show
what you know sections, or as extra preparation for the Unit assessment.
Depending on the students, they can complete the worksheets with or
without consulting their Students Books, in the classroom or at home,
individually or in pairs.
The Extension worksheets can be used for fast finishers or to expand on
the material covered in class.
1

We grow and change

Date

Name
EXTENSION

REINFORCEMENT

Name

We grow and change

1 Read the sentences and write the correct stage of life.

stage of life
Our bodies stop growing.

Date

Talking with our bodies

We constantly use our body to communicate with other people.
This form of nonverbal communication is called body language.
Our brain controls all our movements, including our facial gestures.
These physical movements send messages to other people. Sometimes
we say things more accurately with our body than with words.

Our bodies are small.

Our bodies become weaker.

Body language expresses our emotions, for example, when we are

happy, we smile. Sometimes, body language may hurt peoples
feelings, like rolling our eyes or turning our back on someone.
In other instances, body language can let others know that we like them.

Our bodies begin to change.

2 Copy each sentence under the correct picture.

So remember, even when you are silent, your body never stops talking!

Babies make sounds, but they cant talk.

Babies wear a nappy.

Babies crawl on their hands and knees.

1 Read the text and answer the questions.

a. What form of communication is body language?
b. What organ controls our physical movements?
c. What can we express with body language?
d. What kind of body language can hurt others?

2 Complete the table about how you use your body to communicate. Then, compare
with a partner.

3 Complete the text about adolescence.

hips

adolescents

When children become

They grow

breasts

my body language
voice

Boys also change. Their

shoulders

hair

When Im happy, I...

When Im angry, I...

, their bodies begin to change.

When Im excited, I...

in some places on their bodies. Girls grow

and their

get wider. Their

chest

When Im tired, I...

get wider.
and
becomes deeper.
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Culture & Festivals worksheets

There are twelve Culture & Festivals worksheets, one for each unit. Some
of these worksheets expand on a variety of cultural topics. Others focus on
typical annual festivals in various countries. Students have the opportunity
to relate their learning to the real world.
1

We grow and change

culture & festivals

Name

Date

Languages of the world

More than 6,500 languages are spoken in the world! They
are grouped into families, for example, English and Spanish
belong to the Indo-European family of languages.
Many more languages exist in Asia than in Europe.
Additionally, a lot of languages are disappearing due to the
advance of the most spoken languages, such as Chinese,
English and Spanish. In fact, around 2,000 of the worlds
languages have fewer than 1,000 speakers. These languages may soon disappear.
In the 19th century, a Russian man created an international language called Esperanto.
He wanted everyone in the world to be able to communicate together. Esperanto is easy to
learn due to its regular grammatical rules. It is an auxiliary language in about 115 countries,
mainly in Europe, East Asia and South America, but it is not the official language of any country.

1 Read the text. Then, cross out the wrong words and rewrite the sentences.
a. Spanish and Arabic belong to the Indo-European family of languages.

b. English and Spanish are two of the least spoken languages in the world.

c. Around 1,000 of the worlds languages may disappear in the near future.

d. Esperanto has complicated grammatical rules.

2 Do some research on the Internet

Esperanto

to learn some expressions in Esperanto.

Then, complete the table.

hello
goodbye
please
thank you

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Investigate! worksheets
There are twelve Investigate! worksheets, one for each unit. These
worksheets provide opportunities for students to carry out simple
investigative tasks, either in the classroom or at home.
1

We grow and change

iNvestiGate !

Name

Date

1 Are you carrying too much weight on your back?

Instructions
1. Work with a partner.
2. Take turns and measure your weight on some scales.
Then, measure the weight of your school bag.
3. Complete the first two columns of the table with
your results.
4. Calculate the recommended weight of your school bag:
divide your weight by ten. Include your results in the third
column of the table.
5. Repeat the same operation for your partner and
record the results in the table.

weight

weight of school bag

recommended weight
of school bag

you
partner

6. Compare your results and answer the questions.

a. How many classmates carry too much weight on their back?

b. What problems do you think this can cause?

I can / cannot calculate how much weight to carry in my school bag.

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Assessment worksheets
There are twelve double-page Assessment worksheets, one for each
unit. These worksheets can be given to students once the unit has been
completed, as a revision test, or to check progress at any point during
the year.
1

We grow and change

4 Use the colour key and circle the characteristics.

Date

sex / gender green

1 Circle the stages of life and write a sentence about each one.

oldagea

dol

esce

ncechildho

du
oda

lthood

37 kilograms

dark skin
breasts

wide hips

b. learn

sit up

eat

1 m 20 cm
beard

shoe size

long legs

blue eyes

red hair

thin

5 Write four healthy habits. Tick () the ones you do on a regular basis.

2 Write a sentence with each group of words.

a. newborn babies

height / weight red

individual characteristics orange

body shape blue

short

assessMeNt

assessMeNt

Name

food

six months old

6 Complete the sentences with the correct words.

c. babies

real words

energy

one year old

rest

healthy

tired

survive

a. After a busy day, we feel

grow

recover

sleep

b. Our body needs to

3 Read about adolescents and write yes or no.

girls

boys

Their voice changes.

to

Their hips get wider.

Hair grows in some places on their body.
They grow breasts.
Their shoulders and chest get wider.
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and

c. Animals and people need to sleep in order

.

d. Sleep keeps our body

and gives it
e. Sleep also helps us

.
.

f. Newborn babies need 16 hours

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Digital resources
i-solutions

CD 3

The i-solutions pack contains 4 CDs:

i-book

CD 1

The digital flashcard bank offers over

100 images to project onto an interactive
whiteboard or to print out. There are
four digital posters which can be printed
out. The web bank includes some of the
best free web links for teaching Science,
Geography and History.

The i-book contains

the core course
material in digital
format: Students
Book, Activity Book
and Teachers Book.
It can be used
on an interactive
whiteboard in the
classroom or for
class planning.

CD 2

CD 4

IWB Activities

Teachers resources and maps

The Interactive Whiteboard Activities CD

contains three interactive activities per unit
to help reinforce the Students Book content
in a fun way.

This CD contains the PDFs of this Teachers

Resource Book. In addition, there are
printable blank and filled-in maps of
Spain.

Digital Flashcards, Digital Posters and

Web bank

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We grow and change

REINFORCEMENT

Name

Date

1 Read the sentences and write the correct stage of life.

stage of life
Our bodies stop growing.
Our bodies are small.
Our bodies become weaker.
Our bodies begin to change.

2 Copy each sentence under the correct picture.

Babies make sounds, but they cant talk.

Babies wear a nappy.

Babies crawl on their hands and knees.

3 Complete the text about adolescence.

hips adolescents breasts voice chest shoulders hair
When children become
They grow

, their bodies begin to change.

in some places on their bodies. Girls grow

and their
Boys also change. Their
get wider. Their
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and
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4 Complete the table with information about a friend.

He is tall and thin.

body shape
He has got broad
shoulders.

REINFORCEMENT

height / weight

individual characteristics
He has got curly hair.

5 Match to make sentences about healthy habits.

a. We need to exercise

our backs.

b. We must eat

enough water.

c. We need to look after

hours of sleep a night.

d. We need ten

regularly.

e. We must drink

a healthy and balanced diet.

6 Copy the words in the correct order to make sentences about why we need to rest.
a. survive All to sleep need in order to animals and people

b. to stay enough sleep healthy We to get need

c. energy We to give need to get our body enough sleep

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Food and nutrition

REINFORCEMENT

Name

Date

1 Use the colour key and circle the words. Then, underline the foods we should eat less often.
give us energy red
sardines
milk

help us grow blue

yoghurt

grapes

carrots

bread

eggs rice

butter

keep us healthy green

olive oil

strawberries

pasta

bacon

lettuce cheese

2 Label the food wheel.

Write carbohydrates,
minerals, fats, proteins
and vitamins.

3 Use the food wheel to complete the table with healthy, balanced meals.
breakfast

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lunch

mid-afternoon snack

dinner

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4 Label the diagram of the digestive system.

REINFORCEMENT

large intestine
stomach
mouth
anus
oesophagus
small intestine

5 How does digestion work? Match the sentence halves and put them in order from 1 to 6.

Parts of food our body does not need

the oesophagus to the stomach.

Food mixes with gastric juices,

into the blood in the small intestine.

Solid waste from food

continue into the large intestine.

Teeth cut and chew food,

which break down the food.

Food travels down

and the tongue mixes it with saliva.

Nutrients from food are absorbed

leaves our body through the anus.

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How our body works

REINFORCEMENT

Name

Date

1 Unscramble the letters and complete the sentences with the correct words.
recatah
a. The

tohmu

sglun

orhinbc

enso

are two small tubes.

.

b. When we breathe in, air goes down the

c. Air enters and leaves our body through
our

and

d. Oxygen passes into our blood in our

2 Circle the parts of the circulatory system and write three sentences about this system.

l
capi laries

bl

od

vesselsarte

sh
rie

eartv

eins

3 Complete the parts of the excretory system using the clues. Then, number the sentences
in order.

Urine goes down through these two tubes.

Urine leaves the body through this tube.

Blood is filtered and useful nutrients are reabsorbed here.
Urine is collected and stored here.
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h
d
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4 Complete the text about the skin.

skin

protects

sweating

waste

sensitive

healthy

nerves

Our body eliminates

helps our body to keep

through our
and

.
. Our skin also

our body from infections and injuries. It is very

many

REINFORCEMENT

cool

and has

that send messages to our brain.

5 Look at the pictures and complete the table about how to look after our bodies.
circulatory system

respiratory system

excretory system

6 Copy the words in the correct order to make sentences about the benefits of exercise.
a. muscles our It bones and strengthens

b. correct the helps weight to stay at us It

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Plants and animals

REINFORCEMENT

Name

Date

1 Circle the words about photosynthesis and label the diagram.

carbondiox

ide

era
t
a
w

ndmineral

sox

ygen

sunlight

2 Complete the crossword about the reproductive parts of plants.

6
5
1

ACROSS

1. Top of the carpel.

2. Contains the ovules.

3. Yellow grains that
fertilize the ovules.

DOWN
4. Gets fertilized by
pollen.
5. Male reproductive
organs of the plant.

6. Female reproductive
organ of the plant.

3 Write pollination, fertilization or germination next to each sentence.

a. Pollen reaches the ovule inside the ovary:
b. Small roots grow down into the ground:
c. Animals carry pollen from one plant to another:
d. The fertilized ovule grows into a seed:
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4 Complete the text about how vertebrates reproduce.

viviparous

abandon

hatch

mothers milk

developed

eggs

oviparous

mothers womb

born

vertebrates grow inside their

. They are

when they are fully

.
that

REINFORCEMENT

feed

. These babies drink their

vertebrates are born from

. Birds

and fish

their babies. Most reptiles, amphibians

their eggs.

5 Complete the sentences for each stage of the life cycle of a butterfly. Then, number
thediagram and the sentences in order.

The grown caterpillar changes into a pupa, called a

Larvae stage: the

comes out of the egg, eats and

stage: the adult

on a

butterfly lays eggs

Adult stage: the chrysalis

. The adult butterfly comes out and

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Ecosystems

REINFORCEMENT

Name

Date

1 Write living things you can see in this ecosystem.

living things

2 Give examples. Then, use the colour key to circle the consumers.
Producers

Consumers

carnivores red

herbivores green

omnivores blue

3 Complete each sentence and match it to the correct picture. Then, circle examples
ofcooperation in blue and examples of competition in red.
a. Many birds build their nest in

b. Some predators hunt for the same

c. Many animals protect each other in

d. Some plants compete for

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4 Circle eight ecosystems. Classify them. Then, tick () the freshwater ecosystems.
f

REINFORCEMENT

terrestrial ecosystems

aquatic ecosystems

5 Read the sentences. Then, write deciduous forest or tropical rainforest.

a. They are home to owls, squirrels and ferns:
b. They need hot, wet weather:
c. They are home to monkeys and dense vegetation:
d. The trees grow new leaves every spring:

6 Complete the text about damage to ecosystems.

cities

wood

water

human activity

pollute

roads

air

paper

building

cut down

can damage ecosystems.

We

the

and

. We build
and

in the countryside.
We

forests to use

the

for

and to make

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Minerals and rocks

REINFORCEMENT

Name

Date

1 Circle five minerals and write a property of each one.

gypsumm

al

ac

hitepyritediam

d
on

quartz

2 Write one mineral that you can find in these objects.

A

3 Read the sentences and write an example of each type of rock.

a. It is made up of one mineral.
b. It is hard and black.
c. It is made up of three minerals.
d. It is very soft.
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4 Complete the sentences about uses of rocks. Then, write C (construction), F (fuel),
a. Slate is used to make

REINFORCEMENT

I (industry) or D (decoration).

b. Marble is used to make

and

c. Clay is used to make

d. Petroleum and coal are used to produce

e. Granite is used to make

f. Petroleum is used to make

and

,
.

5 Complete the text about soil.

people

top layer

humus

sand

animals

minerals

rocks

remains

dead

plants

Soil is the

of the Earths surface.

It is made up of

,
, air, water and

Humus is the

,
.

of

plants and animals. Soil is very important

for

and

6 Write a sentence about each type of soil.

Fertile soil

Poor soil

Arid soil

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The Earth, the Sun and the Moon

REINFORCEMENT

Name

Date

1 Read the definitions and write the word.

a. A ball of ice and dust that orbits the Sun:
b. A non-luminous body that orbits a planet:
c. A celestial body similar to a planet, but smaller:
d. A celestial body that gives off heat and light:
e. A large celestial body, made of rock or gas, that orbits the Sun:

2 Circle the planets and classify them in order from the Sun. Tick () the planet with a ring.
inner planets

outer planets

3 Complete the sentences.

a The Earths axis is an imaginary line
.
b. The Equator is an imaginary line
.
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4 Read the sentences. Then, write rotation or revolution next to each one.
REINFORCEMENT

a. The Earth revolves around the Sun:

b. The Earth rotates anticlockwise on its axis:
c. This movement causes day and night:
d. The Earth takes 365 days to orbit the Sun:

5 Look at the diagram and answer the questions.

a. Is it day or night in Spain?

b. Is it day or night in China?
c. Is it summer or winter in France?
d. Is it summer or winter in Brazil?

6 Complete the text about the Moon.

reflects

satellite

phases

28 days

water

non-luminous

smaller

atmosphere

The Moon is the Earths

. It takes
to orbit the Earth. It has no

or

. It is much

The Moon is a
light from the Sun. This causes the

than the Earth.

body that
of the Moon.

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Materials and machines

REINFORCEMENT

Name

Date

1 Name the materials used to make these objects. Then, write N (natural) or M (man-made)
next to each material.

2 Circle six properties of materials. Then, name a material that has each property.
m

3 Name two uses of these materials.

Plastic

Metal

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4 Complete the crossword about simple machines. Then, write an example of each.

1. A ramp (two words).

REINFORCEMENT

ACROSS

DOWN

2. A rigid bar.
3. A solid disk that turns onan axle.
4. A wheel with a rope around it.

5 Circle eight complex machines. Then, classify them in the table.

c
bicy

lelighttra

motors

ct

or

lam
gears

pcomputerwat

ch

electric circuits

mo
r
a
c

bilephone

electronic components

6 Which machines do they use? Write an example. Then, write human energy, electricity
or petrol next to each machine.

a. Secretaries:
b. Nurses:
c. Firefighters:
d. Drivers:
e. Chefs:
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Energy and force

REINFORCEMENT

Name

Date

1 Complete the crossword about forms of energy.

ACROSS

4
5

1. Energy that makes a computer work.

2. Energy in a pizza.

3. Energy from a lamp.

DOWN

4. Energy produced by a radiator.

3

5. Energy in a ball that is falling.

6. Energy inside uranium.

2 Circle six energy sources and classify them.

sunpe

tr

ol

eu

win

dnaturalg

renewable energy sources

a
sco

te
a
w

non-renewable energy sources

3 Use the clues to write the properties of light.

a. Light travels at 300,000 kilometres per second:
b. Light cannot move around objects:
c. When you switch on a light in a room, light travels to every
part of the room:
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4 Complete the text about the reflection of light.

sources of light

reflection

reflect

dull and dark

light

bounces off

reflected

see

smooth and shiny

Most objects are not

REINFORCEMENT

eyes

. We can

only see them because they

light. When
it

hits an object,
the object.

This is called
The

.
light enters our
objects.

than

. This is how we
surfaces reflect light better

surfaces.

5 Colour the diagram. Then, label the colours of light.

6 Circle the words related to gravity in red and the ones related to friction in blue.
Then, write two sentences about gravity and friction.

rough fall slow down rub float smooth centre of the Earth

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10

Work and technology

REINFORCEMENT

Name

Date

1 Complete the table with jobs from the tertiary sector.

health care

education

trade

tourism

communications

transport

2 Match the three columns to make sentences about trade.

Sales people
Consumers
Transporters
Producers

obtain and make

distribute
sell
buy

the finished product.

the products or services to consumers.
products to sell.
the products to the shops.

3 Why are these places good for tourism? Who works in each place? Write your answers.

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4 Circle eight means of communication and classify them. Then, tick () the means of
personal communication

a m x

m v

e m a

e w

REINFORCEMENT

communication you use daily.

mass communication

5 Circle the words related to the Internet. Then, write three uses of the Internet.
network television personal communication search engines radio
letter mass communication websites emails chatting

6 Write an advertisement for this toy.

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11

Where we live

REINFORCEMENT

Name

Date

1 Label the map. Then, circle the names of the Spanish territories.

2 Circle four Autonomous Communities and complete the table.

extremadu

ra

Autonomous Community

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galic

iaaragonba
capital city

ec
squ

ountry

province(s)

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3 Read the definitions and write the words.

REINFORCEMENT

a. A political system where all citizens are equal:

b. The Head of State in Spain:

c. This institution represents the Spanish people:

d. This institution runs the country and serves the people:
e. The most important law in Spain:
f. This institution makes sure that laws are obeyed:

4 Write a sentence with each group of words.

a. election manifesto list ideas

b. general elections vote political party

c. Government represents democracy

d. municipal elections councillors Town Hall

5 Write right or obligation.

a. Vote in elections:

d. Obey the law:

b. Pay taxes:

e. Respect each others beliefs:

c. Receive medical services:

f. Receive free education:

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12

Learning from history

REINFORCEMENT

Name

Date

1 Match. Then, label the timeline of the periods in history.

a.

The Modern Age

over 5,000 years ago

b.

Ancient history

about 200 years ago

c.

The Middle Ages

over 1,000 years ago

d.

Prehistory

about 500 years ago

e.

The Contemporary Age

about 2 million years ago

2 Complete the sentences about Prehistory.

a. The first human beings were

, and they lived in

using stone, wood and

b. They made

made of branches and skins.

c. Much later, human beings lived in

d. They cultivated

and

animals.

3 Complete the sentences about Roman architecture.

a. Rich people lived in

, and poor Romans lived in

carried water to their cities.

b.

c. The Romans watched gladiator fights in

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4 Write a sentence about the Middle Ages with each group of words.
REINFORCEMENT

a. Middle Ages Christian Kingdoms north

b. Christian kings noblemen land

c. peasants land taxes

5 Read and write the correct inventions. Then, classify them.

a. Instrument to help find north:

b. Made machines work in mines and factories:

c. Instrument to calculate a ships position at sea:

d. Machine to print books:
e. Saved lives from a deadly disease called smallpox:
The Modern Age:
The Contemporary Age:

6 Complete the table.

invention

year

who invented it

how it changed life

printing press
steam engine
smallpox vaccine

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We grow and change

EXTENSION

Name

Date

Talking with our bodies

We constantly use our body to communicate with other people.
This form of nonverbal communication is called body language.
Our brain controls all our movements, including our facial gestures.
These physical movements send messages to other people. Sometimes
we say things more accurately with our body than with words.
Body language expresses our emotions, for example, when we are
happy, we smile. Sometimes, body language may hurt peoples
feelings, like rolling our eyes or turning our back on someone.
In other instances, body language can let others know that we like them.
So remember, even when you are silent, your body never stops talking!

1 Read the text and answer the questions.

a. What form of communication is body language?
b. What organ controls our physical movements?
c. What can we express with body language?
d. What kind of body language can hurt others?

2 Complete the table about how you use your body to communicate. Then, compare
with a partner.

my body language
When Im happy, I...
When Im angry, I...
When Im excited, I...
When Im tired, I...

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Food and nutrition

Name

Date
EXTENSION

Pizza, glorious pizza!

Pizza has been around for a long time! The Romans,
for example, ate flatbread made of flour and water,
and topped it with olive oil and herbs.
When tomatoes were introduced from the New World,
thepeople of Naples, in Italy, added them to their pizzas.
One day in 1889, Queen Margherita of Italy went to Naples andordered a special lunch.
The restaurant owner made a pizza with the colours of theItalian flag to honour the
queen. He used tomatoes for red, mozzarella cheese for white and basil for green. The
queen loved it, so the dish was named Pizza Margherita.
Early in the 20th century, Italian immigrants to New York City started to make a new
version of pizza which became very popular all over the United States. Today, pizza
is aninternational dish that can have many different toppings, such as tuna, mushrooms
and olives.

1 Read the text and answer the questions.

a. What ingredient did the people of Naples add to pizzas?
b. What are the ingredients of Pizza Margherita?
c. Why is it called Pizza Margherita?
d. Where is pizza eaten today?
e. What are some of the toppings pizza can have?

2 Draw and write about your favourite pizza.

Name:
Ingredients:

Main nutrients:

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How our body works

EXTENSION

Name

Date

What is asthma?
Asthma is a very common illness among children. The bronchi
become inflamed, so air cannot travel freely to the lungs.
Children who have asthma experience wheezing (a whistling
sound in the chest), coughing and difficulty breathing.
Asthmatic children usually carry an inhaler. This is a small tube
with medicine in it. The medicine helps to open the bronchi. People with asthma also have
to be careful about their environment. Many different things can cause an asthma attack:
cold air, exercise, tobacco smoke, cat hairs and even swimming pools!
But children with asthma can do everything other children can do. They just need to take
precautions. In fact, many Olympic champions and other athletes have had asthma, for
example, David Beckham and Miguel Indurain.

1 Read and write T (true) or F (false). Then, correct the false sentences.
a. Asthma is a disease of the circulatory system.
b. An inhaler helps asthmatic children to breathe.
c. The environment affects asthma a lot.
d. Children with asthma cannot play like other children.

2 Use the code and find a tip for asthma prevention.

5 A
5 K

5 B
5 M

5 C
5 O

5 D
5 S

5 E
5 T

5I
5V

3 Interview your classmates. Find out what allergies they have.

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Plants and animals

Name

Date
EXTENSION

Do animals sleep?
Like humans, all animals need to sleep in order to restore their
energy. When there is not much food available, animals save energy
by sleeping. However, animals do not sleep when it is too cold or too
hot, or when they feel threatened.
The amount of sleep animals need varies. Koala bears can sleep up
to 20 hours a day, while giraffes only sleep for about two hours. In
general, predators sleep longer than herbivores. Herbivores must be
alert, so they cannot sleep for long periods of time.
Some animals are diurnal, which means they are awake during the
day. Others are nocturnal, which means they are awake all night.
Each animal has a particular sleeping routine. Many animals sleep lying down. Koalas
bears curl around tree trunks, sloths hang from branches, rabbits hide in burrows, horses
sleep standing up, bats sleep upside down, cows sleep with their eyes open, and seals
sleep under water.

1 Read the text and answer the questions.

a Why do animals sleep when there is no food?
b. Do animals sleep when they sense danger?
c. Can you name three diurnal animals?
d. Can you name three nocturnal animals?
e. How do rabbits protect themselves while they sleep?

2 Search the Internet for information on animal sleeping habits and complete the table.
animal

when they sleep

how they sleep

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how many hours they sleep

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Ecosystems

EXTENSION

Name

Date

Life at the top of the Earth

Tundras are one of the coldest and harshest ecosystems
on Earth. They are found in the Arctic, where the weather
is extremely cold, dry and windy. They are treeless areas
with low plants that grow in rock cavities. TheArctic
tundra has average temperatures of 12C to6C.
This means that the top layer of the soil, called the
permafrost, is almost always frozen.
In the winter, the permafrost is covered with a thick layer of snow, and no plants are
visible. However, during the summer, which is a short season of about 50 to 60 days with
24hours of sunlight, the surface of the permafrost melts. Wildflowers appear everywhere.
The Arctic tundra is home to several animal species, including Arctic foxes, polar bears,
caribous, snow geese and musk-oxen. Unfortunately, as a result of global warming,
temperatures are rising. This is causing the permafrost to melt. The Arctic tundra is in danger.

1 Read the text and circle the correct word.

a. Tundra ecosystems are found in the Arctic / Antarctic.
b. Rainfall in tundra ecosystems is high / low.
c. The top layer of the soil is the tundra / permafrost.
d. Winter in the Arctic tundra is longer / shorter than summer.
e. Global warming / Acid rain is threatening the Arctic tundra.

2 Search the Internet for three animal species from the Arctic tundra. Write what they eat.
fauna

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Minerals and rocks

Name

Date
EXTENSION

Fossils: footprints of the past

Fossils, often found in rocks, are the preserved remains
of plants and animals that lived on Earth millions of years
ago. Fossils can give us information about climate and the
environment in the past. For example, where a fossil of a
marine animal is found tells us that this area was probably
under the sea a long time ago.
Fossils can be remains of plant parts, such as leaves, or animal parts, such as bones,
skeletons or teeth. However, they can also be remains of animal footprints, such as
dinosaur footprints, which are called ichnites.
In Spain, there are several spectacular ichnite routes in the provinces of Soria, Rioja, Teruel
and Asturias. In particular, the coastal area of Asturias between Gijon and Ribadesella
isknown as Dinosaur Coast. The Jurassic Museum of Asturias (MUJA), built in the shape
ofa giant ichnite, is located here. Its collection of dinosaur ichnites is impressive!

1 Read the text and answer the questions.

a. What information do fossils provide?
b. What is an ichnite?
c. Where can you find ichnites in Spain?
d. What is the MUJA?

2 Search the Internet for pictures of plant and animal fossils. Print out three photos, cut them
out, paste them in the boxes and label them.

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The Earth, the Sun and the Moon

EXTENSION

Name

Date

Eclipses
Eclipses are spectacular events that involve three celestial bodies:
theSun, the Earth and the Moon. They can be solar or lunar.
A solar eclipse happens during the day when the Moon passes between
the Earth and the Sun. If the Moon blocks out the whole Sun, the eclipse
istotal. If the Moon blocks out part of the Sun, the eclipse is partial.
A lunar eclipse happens at night when the Earth passes between the
Moon and the Sun, and the Earths shadow darkens the Moon. It can
also be a total or partial eclipse, depending on how much of the Moon is
obscured. A total lunar eclipse can only happen when the Moon is full.
Solar eclipses are more dramatic since the sky gets darker during the
day. Watching a solar eclipse can hurt your eyes, so you need to use
special equipment.

1 Read and write T (true) or F (false). Then, correct the false sentences.
a. The Earth passes between the Moon and the Sun in a solar eclipse.
b. In a lunar eclipse, the Earths shadow makes the Moon dark.
c. A solar eclipse can make the sky dark in the middle of the day.
d. It is always safe to watch a solar eclipse.

2 Search the Internet and make a two-year calendar of the next total lunar and solar eclipses.
type of eclipse

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Materials and machines

Name

Date
EXTENSION

Plastic: good and bad

Plastic is an inexpensive and versatile material used to make
many objects. It is good for making containers because it is
resistant. It is a good insulator because it does not conduct
electricity. It is also used for making bags because it is strong
and lightweight.
However, not everything about plastic is good. Plastic is not
biodegradable, which means it stays in the environment
for hundreds of years. Plastic bags wash up on beaches
and pollute coastlines. Sadly, marine animals frequently eat
plastic bags because they mistake them for food. Then the
animals die from intestinal blockage.
There are now gigantic islands of plastic rubbish in our oceans. These islands are called
Plastic Continents. They are found in both the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean. One
way to decrease this pollution is to practise the three Rs: reduce, reuse and recycle.
However, since plastic is not easy to recycle, we should start by using it less!

1 Read the text and answer the questions.

a. What are some advantages of plastic?
b. What are some disadvantages of plastic?
c. What does biodegradable mean?
d. What are Plastic Continents?

2 Use the code and find a way to use less plastic.

5 A
5 N

5 B
5 O

5 E
5 P

5 G
5 S

5 H
5 T

5 I
5 U

5M
5Y

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!
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Energy and forces

EXTENSION

Name

Date

Friction in sports
Friction is a force that slows down the movement
ofan object (or a person) in contact with
a surface or another object.
Surface friction affects sports in which an object,
such as a ball, wheel or sled, rolls or slides. Friction
differs depending on the surface: the smoother
the surface, the less friction there is. Air resistance,
another form of friction, plays abig role in ball sports or in sports in which a person moves
through the air, like running or cycling.
In some sports, it is advantageous to decrease friction, for example, in skiing or ice skating.
Skis are treated with wax so that they slide faster, or skate blades are sharpened to reduce
friction. In other sports, it is better to increase friction. For example, in football, players wear
shoes with studs, and goalkeepers wear special gloves.

1 Read the text and answer the questions.

a. When does friction occur?

b. Is friction a bad thing or a good thing?

c. Is friction greater on ice or on sand?

d. Why do skiers wax their skis?

e. Why do goalkeepers wear special gloves?

2 Search the Internet to find out how friction affects another sport. In your notebook, write
a paragraph describing how friction is increased or decreased to gain advantage.
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10

Work and technology

Name

Date
EXTENSION

Satellite communication
Satellite communication is essential for sending
information between different parts of the world.
Nowadays, there are thousands of artificial satellites
orbiting the Earth. First, a signal is sent from a ground
station toaman-made satellite. Then, the satellite
amplifies the signal and sends it to a different location on
Earth, or to many locations. This technology is especially
useful for communication in isolated areas of the world.
Communication satellites are used for many different services, such as telephone, Internet,
radio and television. They have to be lightweight for launching. However, they also have
to be resistant because of the extreme temperatures and radiation in space. Satellites are
powered by solar energy, but they work on batteries when the Earth blocks the Suns light.

1 Read the text and answer the questions.

a. Where is satellite communication most useful?

b. What are some of the characteristics of artificial satellites?

2 Label and colour the diagram.

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11

Where we live

EXTENSION

Name

Date

Autonomous Communities
Each of the 17 Autonomous Communities of Spain has a unique
identity and its own flag, coat of arms and an anthem for
special occasions. Spanish is the official language but some
Autonomous Communities have a second official language, such
as Basque, Catalan, Galician or Valencian.
Some Autonomous Communities have their own cuisine with
typical dishes, for example, fabada from Asturias and paella from
the Community of Valencia. There are traditional dances and music from each region, for
example, the sardana from Catalonia, the jota from Aragon and the mueira from Galicia.
Cities also have their own festivals. Most have a religious origin, like El Pilar in Zaragoza,
but others are non-religious, like the Semana Grande in Bilbao.

1 Read the text and complete the crossword.

5

1
2
3
4

ACROSS
DOWN
1. An official language spoken in Galicia.
5. A typical dish from the Principality of Asturias.
2. A dance from Galicia.
6. A typical dish from the Community of Valencia.
3. A dance from Catalonia.
4. A non-religious festival in Bilbao (two words).

2 Write about your Autonomous Community.

Language(s):

Traditional festival:
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Typical dish:

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12

Learning from history

Name

Date
EXTENSION

Roman roads
The Romans built a network of roads across the entire Roman Empire. They first built roads
for their armies. However, these roads soon became very important because Rome was the
centre of trade, politics and culture in the Mediterranean. Paved roads covered more than
80,000 kilometres and connected important cities and regions to Rome.
The Romans built their roads using many layers of stone:
First, they dug a deep trench and filled it with a thick layer of stones
called the statumen. Then, they laid down a layer of sand or gravel
called the rudus. Next, they put a layer of crushed stones mixed
with white lime on top. This layer was called the nucleus. Finally,
they covered everything with paving stones called the pavimentum.

1 Use the colour key and read the descriptions to mark the Roman roads on the map.
red

Via Augusta. It connected the cities of Tarraco, Corduba, Astigi and Gades.

green

Via de la Plata. It went from Emerita Augusta to Asturica Augusta.

yellow

Via of the Ebro Valley. It connected Asturica Augusta to Tarraco.

orange

Via Mesetea. It joined Cesaraugusta and Emerita Augusta.

Ma
Ca
nr t aCba nrtiab rni c o S e a

Ot
Cl
AaN O
A
nt

AT L
ic
ONcT e
I Ca
O

Asturica
Augusta
Numantia
Clunia

Ilerda
Cesaraugusta

Salmantica

Tarraco

Toletum
Emerita
Augusta
Corduba
Astigi
Gades

d i t eM

M ae r
M

eear
i t
an

nr

o
ea

Se
n

rer d

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culture & festivals

We grow and change

Name

Date

Languages of the world

More than 6,500 languages are spoken in the world! They
are grouped into families, for example, English and Spanish
belong to the Indo-European family of languages.
Many more languages exist in Asia than in Europe.
Additionally, a lot of languages are disappearing due to the
advance of the most spoken languages, such as Chinese,
English and Spanish. In fact, around 2,000 of the worlds
languages have fewer than 1,000 speakers. These languages may soon disappear.
In the 19th century, a Russian man created an international language called Esperanto.
He wanted everyone in the world to be able to communicate together. Esperanto is easy to
learn due to its regular grammatical rules. It is an auxiliary language in about 115 countries,
mainly in Europe, East Asia and South America, but it is not the official language of any country.

1 Read the text. Then, cross out the wrong words and rewrite the sentences.
a. Spanish and Arabic belong to the Indo-European family of languages.

b. English and Spanish are two of the least spoken languages in the world.

c. Around 1,000 of the worlds languages may disappear in the near future.

d. Esperanto has complicated grammatical rules.

2 Do some research on the Internet

to learn some expressions in Esperanto.

Then, complete the table.

Esperanto
hello
goodbye
please
thank you

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Food and nutrition

Date

culture & festivals

Name
Food around the world
All around the world, people enjoy food which
varies according to culture, availability and even
religion. Some foods can be quite unusual.
Forexample, Eskimos eat whale blubber, Japanese
eat raw fish, Canadians eat reindeer meat,
Indonesian people eat monkey toes, and people
inThailand eatinsects!

Food is not only important for nutrition. It is also

part of many social celebrations. On New Years
Day, people in China eat long noodles for long life. Inothercountries, people eat green,
leafyvegetables as a symbol of economic success because their green leaves look like folded
money. Inother countries, people eat pulses, which look like little coins, and are also considered
asymbol of money.
At weddings, Italians and Greeks serve sugar-coated almonds which, being both sweet
andbitter, represent the highs and lows of marriage. Traditional wedding cakes in England
contain fruits and nuts, symbols of fertility and good fortune.

1 Circle the correct words.

a. Based on weather / culture, people eat different foods around the world.
b. Reindeer meat / Raw fish is an unusual food eaten in Canada.
c. An unusual food eaten in Thailand is insects / monkey toes.
d. Foods like reindeer meat and insects mainly provide carbohydrates / proteins.
e. In England, fruits and nuts are symbols of fertility / prosperity and good fortune.

2 Search the Internet for other foods for special celebrations. Then, complete the table.
country

celebration

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food

symbolic of

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culture & festivals

How our body works

Name

Date

Why do people have different skin colour?

Human skin colour varies greatly around the world. It can range
from a very dark brown to yellow. Skin colour is controlled by
genes, like other human characteristics such as eye colour
and hair type. However, skin colour has also been influenced
by the environment over thousands of years. There are many
different skin colours today because people have adapted
to different environments.
The Sun gives us light and heat, but it also emits harmful rays.
Some regions of the Earth receive more harmful sun rays
than others. This difference directly affects skin colour.
Skin colour depends on how much melanin we have in our skin.
Melanin is a brown pigment that works as a natural sun cream,
and protects skin from the harmful rays of sunlight. Over time,
people who moved to areas ofless sunlight developed lighter coloured skin, and people who
lived closer to the Equator haddarker skin with more melanin.

1 Read the text and complete the sentences.

.

a. Skin colour is controlled by

harmful rays.

b. The Sun

of melanin.

c. Skin colour depends on the

the skin from the harmful rays of sunlight.

d. Melanin

melanin.

e. People with lighter skin have

2 Search the Internet or magazines for photos of three famous people with different skin
colour. Write their names and the continent they come from.
dark skin

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medium skin

light skin

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Plants and animals

Date

culture & festivals

Name
An unusual mammal
The platypus is unique. It is a small, semi-aquatic
mammal that lays eggs! When the females are
going to have babies, they hide in burrows. There,
they lay up to three eggs that hatch about ten days
later. Platypuses are mammals, so the babies
drinktheirmothers milk.
Platypuses look like beavers. Their body and tail
are covered with brown, waterproof fur that keeps
them warm in cold water. They have four webbed
feet and a duck-like bill with no teeth.

Platypuses are originally from Australia, and they live on land. They walk and run and can
digwith the long nails they have on each foot. They are excellent swimmers and spend lots
oftimeinstreams and rivers. They eat small aquatic animals, such as worms, insect larvae
andshrimps. They have a very sensitive bill that helps them feel for food on riverbeds.

1 Read the sentences and circle the correct words.

a. The platypus is a freshwater / saltwater mammal.
b. It lays eggs in water / burrows.
c. Its body is covered with fur / feathers.
d. It has teeth / a bill.
e. It is a carnivore / herbivore.

2 Search the Internet for information about another unusual animal and complete
the index card.
Name:
Description:
Habitat:
Diet:
Reproduction:

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culture & festivals

Ecosystems
Name

Date

Celebrating the Earth

Earth Day, 22nd April, is an environmental celebration.
Itstarted in 1970 to increase appreciation for nature
and to teach ways to protect our planet. Different events
are held in more than 175 countries every year. Earth Day
has itsownEcology Flag which displays thirteen alternating
greenand white stripes, with a symbol () that is a
combination ofthe letters E (Environment) and O (Organism).
This yearly celebration reminds us to take care of our planet.
However, in order to make a difference, we should treat every
day as Earth Day. Every day, when possible, we should walk, cycle or ride the bus, recycle
at home and at school, avoid using too much paper, use reusable shopping bags and water
bottles, switch off the tap while brushing our teeth, take shorter showers, use rechargeable
batteries and turn off lights when they are not in use.

1 Read and write T (true) or F (false). Then, correct the false sentences.
a. Earth Day is a cultural celebration.
b. It is celebrated every year in many countries of the world.
c. The symbol of the Ecology Flag combines three letters.
d. There are few actions we can take daily to take care of our planet.
e. Every day should be treated as Earth Day.

2 Use the code and write an Earth Day pledge.

5 A
5 N

5 C
5 O

5 E 5 F
5 P 5 R

5 I

5 S

5 L
5 T

5M
5U

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Minerals and rocks

Date

culture & festivals

Name
Birthstones

Birthstones have been used in different cultures for thousands of years. There is a different
gem for each month of the year, and they all have a special meaning. Some people think
birthstones give special powers or good luck, and many people wear them as jewellery.
Whatever we believe, it is true that birthstones are beautiful!
month

birthstone

colour

meaning

January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December

garnet
amethyst
aquamarine
diamond
emerald
pearl
ruby
peridot
sapphire
opal
topaz
turquoise

dark red
purple
light blue
no colour
green
white
red
light green
dark blue
multi-colour
yellow
greenish blue

loyalty
sincerity
courage
innocence
success in love
good health
happiness
friendship
love
hope
fidelity
prosperity

1 Answer the questions using the table.

a. Which is your birthstone?
b. What is its meaning?

2 Complete the table for three important people in your life.

name

birthday

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birthstone

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culture & festivals

The Earth, the Sun and the Moon

Name

Date

Solstice celebrations
Solstices happen when the Sun is furthest away from the
Equator. They occur twice a year, in winter and in summer.
The winter solstice is the shortest day of the year. The North
Pole is tilted away from the Sun and the Sun appears
atitslowest position in the sky. It marks the first day of winter,
on or around 21st December in the Northern Hemisphere.
Inaddition, the winter solstice marks the beginning of shorter
nights and longer days. It is a time to celebrate light and the
rebirth ofthe Sun.
The summer solstice is the longest day of the year. The
North Pole is tilted towards the Sun and the Sun appears
at its highest position in the sky. It marks the first day of summer, on or around 21st June in the
Northern Hemisphere. This means the beginning of longer nights andshorter days. There are
many festivals to celebrate this solstice, which is sometimes called Midsummers Eve.

1 Read the text. Then, cross out the wrong words and rewrite the sentences.
a. Solstices happen when the Sun is closest to the Equator.
b. The winter solstice is the longest night of the year.
c. Solstices mark the beginning of spring and autumn.
d. The summer solstice is the longest day of the year.

2 Search the Internet for information about a particular solstice celebration and complete
the index card.

A solstice celebration
Type of solstice:

Country:

Description of the celebration:

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Materials and machines

Date

culture & festivals

Name
Levers over time
Did you know that our arms are levers? Yes, these simple
machines are as old as human beings. However, animals
were the first to make use of levers. Sea otters use rocks
to open seashells, and orangutans use sticks to open fruit.
Human beings also used objects as levers for these simple
tasks. Later, they started to use trees as levers to move heavy
rocks.

Ancient Egyptians used levers to build the pyramids and to

draw water from rivers. Later inAncient Greece, Archimedes wrote the Law of the Lever, which
explains how levers work. Ancient Romans found new uses for levers: they used scissors to
make clothing, and catapults to fight enemy armies.
Nowadays, we use objects as levers in many different ways, for example, a hammer to
bang in a nail, a bottle-opener to open a bottle or a screwdriver to pry the lid off a tin of paint.

1 Complete the timeline to show how levers developed over time.

Ancient Egypt

Ancient Greece

Ancient Rome

2 Complete the table with examples of how we use levers nowadays.

at school

at home

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in the playground

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culture & festivals

Energy and forces

Name

Date

Festivals of light around the world

People celebrate light in festivals all over the world. Some
of them are cultural celebrations and others are religious
celebrations.
In Sweden, St. Lucias Day is celebrated on 13th December.
The oldest girl in each family represents St. Lucia and
wears a white robe and a crown with candles on her head.
In Holland, St. Martins Day is celebrated on 11th November.
Children go from house to house carrying lanterns and
singing songs. In exchange, they get sweets or other treats. People in many countries
celebrate Christmas. They burn candles and decorate Christmas trees and houses with lights.
In India, people celebrate a festival of lights, known as Diwali, which symbolises the triumph of
good over evil. It takes place every year in October or November. People light up their houses
withoillamps.

1 Read the text and complete the table about the festivals of light.
name

where

when

2 Search the Internet to find information about one of these festivals of light and complete
the index card.

A festival of light
Name & country:

Date:

Description of the festival:

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10

Work and technology

Date

culture & festivals

Name
Advertisements everywhere!
We see and hear a lot of advertisements every day on TV,
on the radio, on the Internet, in the street and even on our
mobile phones. Advertisements tell us about products and
try to influence how we behave. They affect the way we think,
feel and act through their messages. However, not all these
messages are truthful!
Sometimes, advertisements use famous people to make
usinterested in a product. Other times, they exaggerate
thebenefits of something. They can also make us think that
we will look better if we use a certain shampoo, wear certain
clothes, etc.

We should remember that the end purpose of advertisements

is to make us want to buy something. Children are particularly
sensitive to advertisements. For this reason, in Sweden and Norway, companies cannot show
television advertisements that are directed at children under the age of twelve.

1 Read the text and write two tips that can help you to be less influenced by advertisements.

2 Complete the table to record the number of advertisements you see in a week. Then,
answer the questions.
billboards

buildings

buses

magazines

radio

television

Internet

other

a. How many advertisements did you see in a week?

b. Where is advertising most frequent?
c. What is your favourite advertisement? Why?

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culture & festivals

11

Where we live

Name

Date

Universal Childrens Day

Universal Childrens Day is celebrated on 20th November,
the date of the anniversary of the Declaration of the
Rights of the Child, adopted by the United Nations
in 1959. This celebration is to honour children. It also
encourages understanding among children worldwide,
and it promotes their welfare. Unfortunately, there are
many children in the world who live in poverty, live
onthe streets or are victims of abuse. Some are forced
towork or even to fight in wars.
UNICEF, the United Nations Childrens Fund, promotes and coordinates this celebration
and works towards improving the life of every child in the world. Universal Childrens Day
is celebrated worldwide with different events, such as sport competitions, tours to museums
orzoos and other cultural activities.

1 Read the text and answer the questions.

a. How many years ago was the Declaration of the Rights of the Child adopted?
b. What is the purpose of celebrating Universal Childrens Day?

c. What are some of the problems some children have?

d. What are some ways people celebrate Universal Childrens Day?

2 Use the key to find a right of the child.

5 A
5 N

5 C
5 O

5 D
5P

5 E
5 G
5 R 5 T

5 H
5 V

5 I
5Y

5L

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Learning from history

Date

culture & festivals

Name
Child labour during the Industrial Revolution

In the 19th century, machines powered by steam engines led

to a dramatic increase in the number of factories and coal
mines throughout Britain. This period is known as the Industrial
Revolution. Cities grew very quickly as people moved from the
countryside to work in factories. Children worked long hours
for almost no pay, sometimes only enough to buy food. Many
children started to work at five years old, and they were often
treated very badly. Many of the jobs they did were dangerous, for example crawling under
machines in factories to fix them. Others worked in coal mines, pushing heavy coal trucks
through mine tunnels.
Fortunately, new laws were passed to stop child labour and make it illegal. Today, in many
countries there are strict laws that limit the age and number of hours that children can work.

1 Read the text and answer the questions.

a. What invention started the Industrial Revolution?

b. Why did cities grow during the Industrial Revolution?

c. What were the working conditions like for children?

2 Search the Internet for information about other jobs children did during the Industrial
Revolution and complete the table.
job

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description

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We grow and change

INVESTIGATE!

Name

Date

1 Are you carrying too much weight on your back?

Instructions
1. Work with a partner.
2. Take turns and measure your weight on some scales.
Then, measure the weight of your school bag.
3. Complete the first two columns of the table with
your results.
4. Calculate the recommended weight of your school bag:
divide your weight by ten. Include your results in the third
column of the table.
5. Repeat the same operation for your partner and
record the results in the table.

weight

weight of school bag

recommended weight
of school bag

you
partner

6. Compare your results and answer the questions.

a. How many classmates carry too much weight on their back?

b. What problems do you think this can cause?

I can / cannot calculate how much weight to carry in my school bag.

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Food and nutrition

Name

Date
INVESTIGATE!

1 Which foods contain fat?

Instructions
1. In pairs, select five or six different foods, for example,
an apple, chips, a banana, biscuits, a carrot, bread
or cheese. Cut them into pieces.
2. Cut some brown wrapping paper into five 10 cm squares.
3. Rub a piece of each food on a square until it leaves
a mark. Label the squares and allow them to dry.
4. When dry, hold the squares against the light. If there
is a greasy spot, the food contains fat. Measure
the diameter of each grease spot with a ruler. The size
of the grease spot tells us how much fat there is in the food.
5. Complete the table.
food

diameter
of grease spot

fat

no fat

6. Analyse your results and answer the questions.

a. Which food leaves the biggest grease spot?
b. Which is the food with the least fat?
c. Which is the food with the most fat?
I can / cannot determine which foods contain fat.

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How our body works

INVESTIGATE!

Name

Date

1 Can you calculate your heart rate?

Instructions
1. Work with a partner.
2. Insert an elastic plastic tube in the narrow
end of a funnel. Secure with tape.
3. Place the end of the elastic tube in your ear.
4. Place the funnel over your chest and move
it about until you hear your heart. Count your
heartbeats for 20 seconds.
5. Calculate your heart rate by multiplying your
heartbeats by three.
6. Repeat the activity with your partner.
7. Run in place for two minutes and repeat steps 1-6.
8. Complete the table.
your heart rate

your partners heart rate

at rest
after running

9. Compare your results and answer the questions.

a. Is your heart rate the same as your partners?

b. Is your heart rate faster or slower after running?

c. What do you think your heart rate is when you are sleeping?

I can / cannot count my heartbeats, and I can / cannot calculate my heart rate.

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Plants and animals

Name

Date
INVESTIGATE!

1 What do plants need to grow?

Instructions
1. Work in groups of four. Each group has four
small plants, a paper bag, a transparent plastic
bag and water.
2. Label the plants as follows: 1. no water;
2. no light; 3. no air; 4. control plant.
3. Place the paper bag over plant number 2, so it
doesnt receive any light.
4. Place the plastic bag over plant number 3, so it
doesnt get any air.
5. Put the plants on a windowsill and water them
regularly, except for plant number 1. Make sure
the control plant has air, light and water.
6. Observe the growth of the plants over the next four weeks and record your
observations. Complete the table.
week

plant 1

plant 2

plant 3

plant 4

1
2
3
4
7. Compare your results and answer the questions.
a. Did all the plants grow the same?
b. Which plant was the healthiest?
c. Which plant was the least healthy?

Plants need

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and

to grow.

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Ecosystems

INVESTIGATE!

Name

Date

1 Does colour protect animals from being seen by predators?

Instructions
1. Work with a partner. You need two
pieces of white, green and brown
card, some scissors and a stopwatch.
2. Cut one piece of each coloured card into
5 cm squares.
3. Place a whole piece of card on the table,
to serve as a background.
4. Ask your partner to close their
eyes while you scatter different
coloured squares on the background card.
5. Ask your partner to open their eyes
and pick up as many squares as they
can in ten seconds. Record your
results in the table.
6. Repeat with the other two pieces of card as different backgrounds.
white background

green background

brown background

white squares:

white squares:

white squares:

green squares:

green squares:

green squares:

brown squares:

brown squares:

brown squares:

7. Analyse your results and answer the questions.

a. Which squares were the easiest for your partner to see?
b. Which squares were the hardest for your partner to see?
c. Can you name an animal protected by its colour for each background?

Colour can / cannot protect animals from being seen by predators.

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Minerals and rocks

Name

Date
INVESTIGATE!

1 How hard are rocks?

Instructions
1. Work in groups of four. You need four different rocks numbered from 1 to 4. Each student
has a different rock. Take turns to do this hardness test.
2. Try to scratch your rock with your fingernail. Next, try to scratch it with a coin. Finally,
try with a nail. Record your results.
fingernail

coin

nail

rock 1
rock 2
rock 3
rock 4
3. Analyse your results and answer the questions.
a. Write how many rocks can be scratched with:
a fingernail.

a coin.

a nail.

b. Which rock is the hardest?

c. Which rock is the softest?
d. Do any rocks give the same results? What can you do to tell which is harder?

I can / cannot determine the hardness of different rocks.

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Name
INVESTIGATE!

The Earth, the Sun and the Moon

Date

1 Can you follow the rotation of the Earth? Make a sundial.

Instructions
1. Work in groups of four. Each group has a white card,
a stick, some plasticine and rocks.
2. Find a location in the playground where the Sun
shines most of the day. Fix the white card
to the ground with rocks.
3. Make a stand out of the plasticine and push the stick
into the plasticine so it stays upright.
4. Draw the shadow of the stick on the card and write
the time next to it.
5. Repeat every hour.
6. Make a drawing with your results.
7. Analyse your drawing and answer the questions.
a. Why do you see the shadow of the stick?
b. Does the shadow change over time?
c. At what time is the shadow the longest?
d. At what time is the shadow the shortest?
I can / cannot follow the rotation of the Earth.

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Materials and machines

Name

Date
INVESTIGATE!

1 What simple and complex machines do you use in everyday life?

Instructions
1. Work in groups of four to make a poster.
2. Go through some magazines and catalogues
tofind pictures of simple and complex machines
used in everyday life. Cut the pictures out
andsort them into two piles: simple and complex
machines.
3. Divide a piece of card into two sections. Write two
titles: Simple machines and Complex machines.
Glue the pictures to the corresponding section
and label them.
4. Next to each picture, write the energy source each
machine needs to work.
5. Once the poster is finished, complete the table.
You can also add other machines which do not
appear on your poster.
machines I use in everyday life
simple machines

complex machines

6. Analyse your table and draw conclusions.

I mainly use simple / complex machines in everyday life.
I mainly use machines that need human energy / electricity / petrol to work.
7. Compare your conclusions with your group.
I can / cannot recognise the simple and complex machines I use every day.

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Energy and forces

INVESTIGATE!

Name

Date

1 Which surfaces reflect light best?

Instructions
1. Work with a partner. You need a torch, a mirror and some aluminium foil.
2. Cut out two pieces of the foil.
3. Crumple one of the pieces of foil, then flatten it out.
4. Stand next to a wall. Hold the mirror in one hand and direct the light from the torch towards
the mirror so the reflection shines on the wall.
5. Repeat with the smooth and crumpled pieces of the aluminium foil.
6. Complete the table.
reflects light well or poorly?
mirror
smooth foil
crumpled foil

7. Analyse your results and answer the questions.

a. Which surface reflects light best?
b. Which surface reflects the least light?
c. Can you name other surfaces that reflect light well?
Shiny and smooth surfaces reflect / do not reflect light best.

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10

Work and technology

Name

Date
INVESTIGATE!

1 What means of communication do you and your classmates use? Do a survey.

Instructions
1. Interview your classmates about the means of communication they use regularly.
2. Tally their answers in the table below.
means of personal communication
letter

telephone

fax

means of mass communication

email

radio

television magazine the Internet

number of children

3. Make a bar chart like this one, with the class results.

10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0

letter

telephone

fax

email

radio

television

magazine the Internet

4. Analyse the chart and answer the questions.

a. What is the most popular means
of communication?
b. What is the least popular means
of communication?
c. How many people regularly use means
of personal communication?
d. How many people regularly use means
of mass communication?
My classmates most frequently use means of personal communication /
mass communication.

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11

Where we live

INVESTIGATE!

Name

Date

1 Which municipal services are available in your town or city?

Instructions
1. Work in groups of four. You need a large sheet of card, brochures from your
town or city andsome local maps.
2. Find out about the municipal services in your town or city. Use brochures,
theInternet, maps or other resources that can help you identify these services.
3. Make a poster entitled Municipal services in our town/city. Divide the card
into six sections and label the services: Health care, Environmental, Police
and fire service, Cultural and leisure, Town planning and Education. Include
relevant information and photos in each of the sections.
4. Use your research and poster to answer the questions.
a. Which services are most common in your town or city?

b. Which services are least common?

c. Are there enough municipal services in your town or city?

d. Think of another municipal service to make your town or city better.

Our town / city has few / lots of municipal services.

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12

Learning from history

Name

Date
INVESTIGATE!

1 Can you identify historical periods in Spain? Make a brochure.

Instructions
1. Work with a partner.
2. Search the Internet for information about five historical objects in Spain: a building, a
monument or a painting from each of the five periods in history.
3. Make a tourist brochure. Fold a piece of paper in three sections. Write Walking
through history in Spain on the title page. Label each of the five pages: Prehistory,
Ancient history, The Middle Ages, The Modern Age and The Contemporary Age.
4. Include photos and relevant information
about each historical object on the
corresponding page.
5. Present your tourist brochure to the class.

I can / cannot identify historical objects in Spain and say which period they are from.

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We grow and change

ASSESSMENT

Name

Date

1 Circle the stages of life and write a sentence about each one.

oldagea

dol

esce

ncechildhoo

ult
d
a
d

hood

2 Write a sentence with each group of words.

a. newborn babies eat food

b. learn sit up six months old

c. babies real words one year old

3 Read about adolescents and write yes or no.

girls

boys

Their voice changes.

Their hips get wider.
Hair grows in some places on their body.
They grow breasts.
Their shoulders and chest get wider.
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4 Use the colour key and circle the characteristics.

body shape blue

ASSESSMENT

sex / gender green

height / weight red

individual characteristics orange

37 kilograms dark skin 1 m 20 cm long legs

short breasts beard blue eyes
wide hips shoe size red hair thin

5 Write four healthy habits. Tick () the ones you do on a regular basis.

6 Complete the sentences with the correct words.

energy rest healthy tired survive grow recover sleep
a. After a busy day, we feel

b. Our body needs to

.

and

c. Animals and people need to sleep in order

to

d. Sleep keeps our body

and gives it
e. Sleep also helps us

.
.

f. Newborn babies need 16 hours

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.
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Food and nutrition

ASSESSMENT

Name

Date

1 How much should you eat? Write more or less.

a. If you are overweight, you should eat

.
.

b. If you are underweight, you should eat

c. If you do a lot of exercise, you should eat

.

d. If you are old, you should eat

e. If you are young, you should eat

2 Find and circle four nutrients. Then, write them under the correct picture.
r

Which main nutrient is missing in the wordsearch?

3 Cross out the least healthy food for each meal. Write a healthier option.
a. Breakfast: orange juice, toast, cereal, a piece of cake.

b. Lunch: salad, chicken, chips, peas.

c. Dinner: a hamburger, carrot soup, an omelette, fish.

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4 Write a sentence with each group of words.

ASSESSMENT

a. mouth tongue teeth

b. teeth shell enamel

c. clean teeth meal

5 Read the definitions and write the words related to the digestive system.
a. Part of the body where digestion ends:
b. Substances in the stomach that break food down:
c. A long, thin organ where nutrients are absorbed:
d. A substance in the mouth that mixes with food:
e. A long tube from the mouth to the stomach:

6 Read and write T (true) or F (false). Then, rewrite the false sentences.
a. We need to drink six to eight glasses of water a day.
b. We use our tongue to cut and chew our food.
c. We break down food in our stomachs.
d. Nutrients are absorbed into the blood in the large intestine.
e. Food travels from our mouth to the oesophagus.

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How our body works

ASSESSMENT

Name

Date

1 What system is it? Label the diagrams.

2 Complete the definitions with the correct words.

trachea lungs heart capillaries kidneys urethra
a. They filter the blood and reabsorb nutrients:
b. This pumps blood around our body:
c. This is where oxygen passes into our blood:
d. Urine leaves our body through this tube:
e. These vessels connect arteries and veins:
f. Air travels down this tube from our nose and mouth:

3 Match the two halves of the sentences.

a. Blood circulation is

to different parts of our body.

b. The excretory system keeps

our ribs move up and out.

c. When we breathe out,

the movement of blood around our body.

d. Blood carries oxygen and nutrients

our blood clean.

e. When we breathe in,

carbon dioxide leaves our body.

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4 Write a sentence with each group of words.

ASSESSMENT

a. sweat water salt waste products

b. sweating body healthy cool

c. skin protects infections injuries

d. skin nerves message brain

5 Write an example of how to look after each system.

Respiratory system:
Circulatory system:
Excretory system:

6 Complete the sentences with the correct words.

protective clothing warm up helmet stretch knee pads elbow pads
a. It is important to wear

when

doing exercise.
b. When we ride a bicycle, we must
wear a

,
and

c. We should

before exercise.

d. We should

after exercise.

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Plants and animals

ASSESSMENT

Name

Date

1 Complete the text about plant nutrition.

leaves

carbon dioxide

oxygen

minerals

photosynthesis

roots

raw sap

water

sunlight

elaborated sap

Plants make their own food through

They absorb

.
and

from the soil through their

. This mixture

is the

that travels up the stem

to the

. With

and

from the air, the leaves transform the raw

sap into

, the plants food. Additionally, during

photosynthesis plants release

into the air.

2 Unscramble the letters and label the diagram with the correct words.
lonelp

nmesat

yroav

gasmit

ulove

3 Complete the sentences.

a. Pollen travels from the
b.
c. The seed
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of one plant to the

fertilizes the

of another.

inside the ovary and it grows into a seed.

in wet ground and

into a new plant.

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4 Match the two halves of the sentences about how animals eat and breathe.
Mammals have teeth

b.

Birds have beaks

c.

Amphibians do not have teeth

d.

All fish breathe through their gills

e.

Reptiles breathe through their lungs

ASSESSMENT

a.

and breathe with their lungs.

and they breathe through their skin.

and some have teeth.

and some have teeth.

and breathe with their lungs.

5 Classify the words.

birds are born hatch mothers milk eggs mothers womb mammals amphibians
viviparous vertebrates

oviparous vertebrates

6 Complete the words using the clues. Then, write a sentence with each word.
a. Animals that lay eggs.
b. Baby insects.

p
r

c Process of changes in shape.

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Ecosystems

ASSESSMENT

Name

Date

1 Write a sentence with each group of words.

a. ecosystems large rainforest pond

b. Earth giant ecosystem

c. habitats places plants and animals survive

2 Label the food chain and complete it with arrows. Then, answer the questions.

Which is the producer?

Which are the consumers?

3 Write an example of each type of relationship.

a. Competition:
b. Cooperation:
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4 Tick () the correct boxes.

open sea

deep sea

ASSESSMENT

coast
The water is very cold.
It is home to crabs and starfish.
There is a lot of sunlight.
There is little food.
It is home to dolphins, whales and sharks.
The water is warm and shallow.

5 Circle the words related to deciduous forests in green, and the ones related to tropical
rainforests in orange. Then, write a sentence about each type of forest.

wet parrots owls mild temperatures dense vegetation

deciduous trees lots of insects very fertile soil ferns hot
Equator a lot of rain monkeys squirrels

6 Complete the rules to protect ecosystems. Then, match them to the pictures.
a. Dont light

b. Dont drop

c. Dont pick

or

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Minerals and rocks

ASSESSMENT

Name

Date

1 Complete the sentences with minerals or rocks.

a. Granite is made up of three

.
.

b. Pyrite and diamond are shiny

.

c. Marble and granite are hard

are made of

d.

.
.

e. Talc and gypsum are very soft

are made up of only one substance.

f.

g. Coal and petroleum are black

can be distinguished by their shape, colour, lustre and hardness.

h.

2 Write one use for each of these minerals.

quartz

copper

graphite

emerald

3 Read the descriptions and tick () the correct word.

a. A rock made up of feldspar, mica and quartz.
marble

granite

diamond

gypsum

e. A green, dull mineral.

b. A black, liquid rock.

petroleum

d. The hardest mineral.

coal

emerald

malachite

c. A shiny mineral with a regular shape.

f. A rock made up of only one mineral.

quartz

marble

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pyrite

clay

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4 Write one use for each of these rocks.

slate

marble

clay

petroleum

ASSESSMENT

5 Unscramble the letters and label

the diagram. Then, circle the
layer that contains most humus
in brown, and the layer that has
no living things in blue.

bosilus

dobrekc

liposto

6 Answer the questions.

a. What type of soil can you find in a desert?
b. What type of soil is ideal for growing crops?
c. In which type of soil can you grow olive trees?
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The Earth, the Sun and the Moon

ASSESSMENT

Name

Date

1 Complete the crossword about celestial bodies. Circle the luminous body. Then, complete
the sentences.

6
5

1
2
3

ACROSS

DOWN

1. The star in the Solar System.

4. The fifth planet from the Sun.

2. A dwarf planet.

5. The Earths satellite.

3. A ball of ice and dust that orbits the Sun.

6. The planet between Venus and Mars.

a.
and

,
orbit the

b. The

orbits the Earth.

2 Complete the sentences about the Solar System.

furthest rock elliptical tails eight Moon inner gas satellites
a. There are

planets in the Solar System.

b. The

planets are closest to the Sun and are made of

c. The outer planets are

d.

from the Sun and are made of

orbit planets. The Earth has one: the

e. Comets orbit the Sun in an

.
.
.

path. Sometimes we can see their bright

.
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3 Circle the continents and label the map.

nia

ame

ricaeuropea

rc
nta

ticaasia

ASSESSMENT

africaocea

4 Classify the words. Then, tell your partner about rotation and revolution.
orbit

day and night

around the Sun

24 hours

axis

365 days

one day

one year

Rotation:
Revolution:

5 Match. Then, number each phase of the Moon in order, starting with the new Moon.
full Moon

waxing Moon

waning Moon

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new Moon

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Materials and machines

ASSESSMENT

Name

Date

1 Write two examples of these materials. Then, write an object made from each material.
Natural materials

Man-made materials

2 Name two properties of the materials used to make these objects.

3 Match the three columns about materials. Then, write sentences.

metals
green materials
plastics

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tables and chairs

gates and bridges
playground toys

hard and rigid

strong and heavy
strong and light

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4 Complete the descriptions and match them to the pictures. Then, label each picture.
ASSESSMENT

electricity lift disk wires wheels rope lower axle

a. They are

with teeth.

b. They have switches and

through which

c. It is a wheel with a
and
d. It is a solid

passes.

around it used to
objects.
that turns on an

5 Define simple machines and give two examples.

6 Define complex machines and give two examples.

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Energy and forces

ASSESSMENT

Name

Date

1 Read and write the correct form of energy. Then, circle the forms of energy found in fire.
a. Energy in food, fuel and batteries:
b. Energy caused by heat:
c. Energy from light sources:
d. Energy from inside substances:
e. Energy in moving objects:
f. Energy converted from many
sources such as wind and fossil fuels:

2 Complete the sentences with renewable energy sources or non-renewable energysources.

a.

are consumed faster than they are made.

b. Sun, water and wind are

c.

will never run out.

d.

release carbon dioxide when they burn.

e. Coal, natural gas and petroleum are

f.

.
do not cause pollution.

3 Cross out the wrong words and rewrite the properties of light.
a. Light travels in one direction:
b. Light travels in wide circles:
c. Light travels at 200,000 metres per hour:
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4 Write transparent, translucent or opaque under each picture.

ASSESSMENT

5 Unscramble the letters and write P (primary colour) or S (secondary colour). Then, label
and colour the diagram.
wolyel
lebu
der

acny
enger
etnagam

6 Write a sentence with each group of words.

a. gravity pulls objects centre of the Earth

b. friction acts between two surfaces rub

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10

Work and technology

ASSESSMENT

Name

Date

1 Write the type of service being used.

a. Taking piano lessons:

d. Going to the doctor's:

b. Watching television:

e. Buying an ice cream:

c. Visiting an art museum:

f. Travelling by train:

2 How do jeans reach the consumer? Number the pictures in order and circle the producers.
Then, complete the paragraph describing the stages.

Farmers grow

. In factories, people make

denim cloth.

distribute the jeans to the shops.

Here,

sell the jeans, and

from
buy the jeans.

3 Complete the text about tourism in Spain.

tourism

large cities

tourism

small villages

jobs

islands

beaches

climate

diverse

mountains

is very successful in Spain. There are

many

and
to visit. The

is generally good. It is also a culturally

country.

provides many
in the service sector.

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4 Write personal communication or mass communication next to each action.

ASSESSMENT

a. Talk to your friend on the phone:

b. Watch your favourite television show:
c. Write an email to your cousin:
d. Listen to your favourite music on the radio:
e. Read a digital magazine:
f. Write a letter to your grandmother:

5 Write a sentence with each group of words.

a. Internet network telephone lines

b. search engines websites information

c. Internet emails chatting

Cross out the wrong words and rewrite the sentences.

a. Advertising is present in all means of personal communication.

b. Advertisements are used only to inform consumers.

c. We can see advertisements in very few places.

d. Responsible consumers buy things that they dont really need.

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11

Where we live

ASSESSMENT

Name

Date

1 Complete the table.

Spain

Spanish territories

Bordering countries

2 In Activity 1, circle the territories surrounded by water in red and the ones located on a
different continent in blue.

3 Circle the words related to municipalities and write them next to the correct definition.

lo

ca

lco

uncilmun

p
ici

i
al

ou
tyc

ncillorsto

wn

ha

llc

om

arcamayor

a. The smallest administrative division:

b. The head of the local council:
c. A group of people who govern a municipality:
d. People on the local council:
e. The place where the mayor and councillors work:
f. A group of municipalities:
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4 Complete the text.

ASSESSMENT

Constitution Courts of Justice President democracy law

Congress Senate rights and obligations ministers Parliament
Spain is a

. Therefore, all citizens

have the same

which are

written in the

. The Constitution

is the most important

in Spain.

It establishes the national institutions: the Head of State, the

, the Government and the
The Government is made up of the

.
and

. The Parliament consists of the

and the

5 Read the sentences and underline the mistakes. Then, write the sentences correctly.
a. In a democracy, citizens are represented by the Courts of Justice.

b. An election manifesto is a list to explain how to vote.

c. In municipal elections, citizens vote for the members of Parliament.

6 Match five Rights of the Child.

in a tolerant society.
The right to grow up

protection and safety.

food, water, housing and medical services.

The right to receive

with love and understanding.

free education.

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12

Learning from history

ASSESSMENT

Name

Date

1 Read the descriptions and write the correct period in history. Then, number them in order.
a. New inventions helped sailors:

b. There were two main civilizations:

c. There were important scientific discoveries:

d. Human beings did not know how to write:

e. Many important civilizations developed:

2 Write a sentence about Prehistory with each word.

a. tribes:
b. fire:
c. sedentary:
d. clay:
e. metal:

3 Complete the text about the Romans.

roads

insulae

cities

amphitheatres

Latin

aqueducts

theatres

circuses

temples

domus

Romans spoke

. They built

many

. They also built

to carry water into the

cities and

toconnect their

cities. Their cities had

,
and

for different kinds of entertainment.

Romans worshipped their gods in

. Rich people lived in

, and poor people lived in

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4 Unscramble the letters and label the picture.

atom

lemtenbstat

ASSESSMENT

rgbdiadewr

wetros

5 Match the columns and say sentences in pairs.

1492
1498
1440

Vasco da Gama
Johannes Gutenberg
Christopher Columbus

America
printing press
new route to India

6 Name each invention and write 500 years ago or 200 years ago under each picture.

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Answer keys
Reinforcement & Extension

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Reinforcement

answer key

1. WE GROW AND CHANGE

3. Use the food wheel to complete the table with healthy,

balanced meals.

PAGE 6
1. Read the sentences and write the stages of life.
adulthood; childhood; old age; adolescence.
2. Copy each sentence under the correct picture.
Babies wear a nappy; Babies crawl on their hands and
knees; Babies make sounds but they cant talk.

OA
PAGE 9
4. Label the diagram of the digestive system.
mouth; oesophagus; stomach; large intestine; small
intestine; anus.
5. How does digestion work? Match the sentence halves
and put them in order from 1 to 6.

3. Complete the text about adolescence.

When children become adolescents, their bodies begin to
change. They grow hair in some places on their bodies. Girls
grow breasts and their hips get wider. Boys also change. Their
shoulders and chest get wider. Their voice becomes deeper.
PAGE 7
4. Complete the table with information about a friend.
Open Answer (OA)

1. Teeth cut and chew food, and the tongue mixes it with
saliva.
2. Food travels down the oesophagus to the stomach.
3. Food mixes with gastric juices, which break down the
food.
4. Nutrients from the food are absorbed into the blood in the
small intestine.
5. Parts of food our body does not need continue into the
large intestine.

5. Match to make sentences about healthy habits.

a. We need to exercise regularly.
b. We must eat a healthy and balanced diet.
c. We need to look after our backs.

6. Solid waste from food leaves our body through the anus.
3. HOW OUR BODY WORKS
PAGE 10
1. Unscramble the letters and complete the sentences with
the correct words.

d. We need ten hours of sleep a night.

e. We must drink enough water.

a. The bronchi are two small tubes.

6. Copy the words in the correct order to make sentences

about why we need to rest.
a. All animals and people need to sleep in order to survive.
b. We need to get enough sleep to stay healthy.
c. We need to get enough sleep to give our body energy.
2. FOOD AND NUTRITION

b. When we breathe in, air goes down the trachea.

c. Air enters and leaves our body through our nose and
mouth.
d. Oxygen passes into our blood in our lungs.
2. Circle the parts of the circulatory system and write three
sentences about this system.
capillaries; blood vessels; arteries; heart; veins.

PAGE 8
1. Use the colour key and circle the words. Then, underline
the foods we should eat less often.
give us energy (red): pasta; rice; bread; butter; olive oil; cheese.

Model answer (MA). The circulatory system moves blood

around our body.
MA. The heart pumps blood around our body.
MA. Veins carry blood back to the heart.

help us grow (blue): sardines; eggs; bacon.

keep us healthy (green): yoghurt; grapes; milk; carrots;
strawberries; lettuce.
2. Label the food wheel. Write carbohydrates, minerals, fats,
proteins and vitamins.

3. Complete the parts of the excretory system using the

clues. Then, number the sentences in order.
1. Blood is filtered and useful nutrients are reabsorbed here.
(kidneys)
2. Urine goes down through these two tubes. (ureters)

left, top to bottom: carbohydrates; vitamins.

3. Urine is collected and stored here. (bladder)

right, top to bottom: fats; proteins; minerals.

4. Urine leaves the body through this tube. (urethra)

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Reinforcement
PAGE 11
4. Complete the text about the skin.

5. Look at the pictures and complete the table about how to

look after our bodies.
Do regular exercise; Breathe clean air; Drink lots of water.
6. Copy the words in the correct order to make sentences
about the benefits of exercise.
a. It strengthens our muscles and bones.
b. It helps us to stay at the correct weight.
4. PLANTS AND ANIMALS
PAGE 12
1. Circle the words about photosynthesis and label the
diagram.

4. Adult stage: the chrysalis opens. The adult butterfly

comes out and mates.
diagram (clockwise, starting from the eggs on the leaf):
1; 2; 3; 4.
5. ECOSYSTEMS
PAGE 14
1. Write living things you can see in this ecosystem.
trees; grass; plants.
2. Give examples. Then, use the colour key to circle the
consumers.
OA
3. Complete each sentence and match it to the correct
picture. Then, circle examples of cooperation in blue and
examples of competition in red.
a. Many birds build their nest in trees. (blue)

carbon dioxide; water and minerals; oxygen; sunlight.

b. Some predators hunt for the same food. (red)

top to bottom: oxygen; sunlight; carbon dioxide; water

and minerals.

c. Many animals protect each other in groups. (blue)

2. Complete the crossword about the reproductive parts

of a plant.
1. stigma; 2. ovary; 3. pollen; 4. ovule; 5. stamens;
6. carpel.

d. Some plants compete for sunlight. (red)

photos: a, b, d, c.
PAGE 15
4. Circle eight ecosystems. Classify them. Then, tick () the
freshwater ecosystems.

3. Write pollination, fertilization or germination next to each

sentence.

a. fertilization; b. germination; c. pollination; d. germination.

PAGE 13
4. Complete the text about how vertebrates reproduce.
Viviparous vertebrates grow inside their mothers womb.
They are born when they are fully developed. These babies
drink their mothers milk. Oviparous vertebrates are born
from eggs that hatch. Birds feed their babies. Most reptiles,
amphibians and fish abandon their eggs.
5. Complete the sentences for each stage of the life cycle of
a butterfly. Then, number the diagram and the sentences
in order.

freshwater ecosystems: pond; lake; river.

1. Egg stage: the adult female butterfly lays eggs on a leaf.

5. Read the sentences. Then, write deciduous forest or

tropical rainforest.

2. Larvae stage: the caterpillar comes out of the egg, eats

and grows.

a. deciduous forest; b. tropical rainforest; c. tropical

rainforest; d. deciduous forest.

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answer key

Our body eliminates waste through our skin. Sweating helps

our body to keep cool and healthy. Our skin also protects our
body from infections and injuries. It is very sensitive and has
many nerves that send messages to our brain.

3. The grown caterpillar changes into a pupa, called a

chrysalis.

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Reinforcement

answer key

6. Complete the text about damage to ecosystems.

Human activity can damage ecosystems. We pollute the air
and water. We build cities and roads in the countryside. We
cut down forests to use the wood for building and to make
paper.

2. Circle the planets and classify them in order from the Sun.
Tick () the planet with a ring.
v

gypsum; malachite; pyrite; diamond; quartz.

MA. gypsum: soft; malachite: green; pyrite: a regular shape;

diamond: shiny; quartz: hard.

6. MINERALS AND ROCKS

PAGE 16
1. Circle the five minerals and write a property of each one.

2. Write one mineral that you can find in these objects.

a. diamond; b. calcite; c. silver; d. copper; e. gypsum; f. graphite.
3. Read the sentences and write an example of each type
of rock.

PAGE 17
4. Complete the sentences about uses of rocks. Then, write
C (construction), F (fuel), I (industry) or D (decoration).
a. Slate is used to make roof tiles. (C)
b. Marble is used to make statues and ornaments. (D)
c. Clay is used to make bricks. (C)
d. Petroleum and coal are used to produce heat. (F)
e. Granite is used to make walls. (C)
f. Petroleum is used to make plastics, paint and fertilizers. (I)
5. Complete the text about soil.
Soil is the top layer of the Earths surface. It is made up of
rocks, sand, minerals, air, water and humus. Humus is the
remains of dead plants and animals. Soil is very important
for plants, animals and people.
6. Write a sentence about each type of soil.
MA. Fertile soil contains lots of water, air and humus.
MA. Only a few plants grow well in poor soil.
MA. Arid soil is made up of rocks and sand.

3. Complete the sentences.

2. The Equator is an imaginary line around the middle of the

Earth.
PAGE 19
4. Read the sentences. Then, write rotation or revolution
next to each one.
a. revolution; b. rotation; c. rotation; d. revolution.
5. Look at the diagram and answer the questions.
a. It is day in Spain; b. It is night in China; c. It is winter in
France; d. It is summer in Brazil.
6. Complete the text about the Moon.
The Moon is the Earths satellite. It takes 28 days to orbit the
Earth. It has no atmosphere or water. It is much smaller than
the Earth. The Moon is a non-luminous body that reflects
light from the Sun. This causes the phases of the Moon.
8. MATERIALS AND MACHINES
PAGE 20
1. Name the materials used to make these objects. Then,
write N (natural) or M (man-made) next to each material.

7. THE EARTH, THE SUN AND THE MOON

PAGE 18

top, left to right: fibreglass, (M); leather, (N).

1. Read the definitions and write the word.

a. comet; b. satellite; c. dwarf planet; d. star; e. planet.

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outer planets: Jupiter; Saturn (); Uranus; Neptune.

1. The Earths axis is an imaginary line through the centre of

the Earth from the North Pole to the South Pole.

a. marble; b. coal; c. granite; d. clay.

94

inner planets: Mercury; Venus; Earth; Mars.

bottom, left to right: wool, (N); wood, (N); plastic, (M); silicon,
(M).

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Reinforcement
2. Circle six properties of materials. Then, name a material
that has each property.
b

PAGE 22

answer key

9. ENERGY AND FORCE

1. Complete the crossword about forms of energy.
1. electrical; 2. chemical; 3. light; 4. thermal; 5. kinetic;
6. nuclear.
2. Circle six energy sources and classify them.
sun; petroleum; wind; natural gas; coal; water.
renewable energy sources: the Sun; water; wind.
non-renewable energy sources: coal; natural gas;
petroleum.
3. Use the clues to write the properties of light.
a. Light travels very fast; b. Light travels in a straight line;
c. Light travels in all directions.
PAGE 23

MA. waterproof: plastic; transparent: glass; elastic: rubber;

light: aluminium; strong: iron; fragile: glass.
3. Name two uses of these materials.
MA. plastic: playground toys; plastic bags.
MA. metal: gates; aeroplanes.

4. Complete the text about the reflection of light.

Most objects are not sources of light. We can only see
them because they reflect light. When light hits an object, it
bounces off the object. This is called reflection. The reflected
light enters our eyes. This is how we see objects. Smooth
and shiny surfaces reflect light better than dull and dark
surfaces.
5. Colour the diagram. Then, label the colours of light.

PAGE 21
4. Complete the crossword about simple machines. Then,
write an example of each.
1. inclined plane; 2. lever; 3. wheel; 4. pulley.

top to bottom: red; orange; yellow; green; blue; indigo; violet.

6. Circle the words related to gravity in red and the ones
related to friction in blue. Then, write two sentences
about gravity and friction.

OA
5. Circle the eight complex machines. Then, classify them in
the table.
bicycle; light; tractor; lamp; computer; watch; car; mobile
phone.
motors

gears

electric
circuits

electronic
components

tractor

bicycle

light

computer

car

watch

lamp

mobile phone

gravity (red): centre of the Earth; fall; float.

friction (blue): rough; slow down; rub; smooth.
MA. Gravity pulls objects to the centre of the Earth.
MA. Friction slows down moving objects.
10. WORK AND TECHNOLOGY
PAGE 24
1. Complete the table with jobs from the tertiary sector.
MA. health care: doctor; dentist; nurse.

6. Which machines do they use? Write an example. Then,

write human energy, electricity or petrol next to each
machine.
MA. a. computers, electricity; b. thermometers, human
energy; c. fire engines, petrol; d. car, petrol; e. whisk, human
energy.

MA. education: teacher; cleaner; head teacher.

MA. trade: sales person; factory worker; farmer.
MA. tourism: waiter; travel agent; tour guide.
MA. communications: DJ; journalist; writer.
MA. transport: train driver; pilot; ticket inspector.

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answer key

2. Match the three columns to make sentences about trade.

11. WHERE WE LIVE

Sales people sell the products or services to consumers.

PAGE 26

Consumers buy the finished product.

1. Label the map. Then, circle the names of the Spanish

territories.

Transporters distribute the products to the shops.

left, top to bottom: Portugal; Spain; Ceuta; Canary Islands.

Producers obtain and make products to sell.

right, top to bottom: France; Balearic Islands; Melilla;

Morocco.

3. Why are these places good for tourism? Who works in

each place? Write your answers.

2. Circle four Autonomous Communities and complete the

table.

OA

Extremadura; Galicia; Aragon; Basque Country.

PAGE 25
4. Circle eight means of communication and classify them.
Then, tick () the means of communication you use daily.

Autonomous
Community

capital city

province(s)

Extremadura

Merida

Caceres,Badajoz

Galicia

Santiago de
Compostela

A Corua,Lugo,
Orense,Pontevedra

Aragon

Zaragoza

Huesca, Teruel,
Zaragoza

Basque Country

Vitoria

Alava, Guipuzcoa
y Vizcaya

PAGE 27

personal communication: letter; telephone; fax; email.

mass communication: radio; television; newspaper; Internet.
5. Circle the words related to the Internet. Then, write three
uses of the Internet.
network; search engines; mass communication; websites;
emails; chatting.
MA. The Internet can be used for collecting information,
sending emails and chatting online.
6. Write an advertisement for this toy.
OA

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3. Read the definitions and write the words.

a. a democracy; b. the King; c. Parliament; d. the
Government; e. the Constitution; f. the Courts of Justice.
4. Write a sentence with each group of words.
a. An election manifesto is a list to explain ideas to people.
b. In general elections citizens vote for a political party.
c. A government represents citizens of a country in
a democracy.
d. Municipal elections choose councillors of a Town Hall.
5. Write right or obligation.
a. right; b. obligation; c. right; d. obligation; e. obligation;
[Link].
12. LEARNING FROM HISTORY
PAGE 28
1. Match. Then, label the timeline of the periods in history.
a. about 500 years ago; b. over 5,000 years ago; c. over
1,000 years ago; d. about 2 million years ago; e. about 200
years ago.
Prehistory; Ancient history; The Middle Ages; The Modern
Age; The Contemporary Age.

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Reinforcement
2. Complete the sentences about Prehistory.

b. They made simple tools using stone, wood and animal

bones.
c. Much later, human beings lived in huts made of branches
and skins.
d. They cultivated crops and domesticated animals.
3. Complete the sentences about Roman architecture.
a. Rich people lived in domus, and poor Romans lived in
insulae.
b. Aqueducts carried water to their cities.
c. The Romans watched gladiator fights in amphitheatres.
PAGE 29
4. Write a sentence about the Middle Ages with each group
of words.

a. compass; b. steam engine; c. astrolabe; d. printing press;

e. vaccines.
The Modern Age: compass; printing press; astrolabe.
The Contemporary Age: steam engine; vaccines.

answer key

a. The first human beings were nomads, and they lived in

tribes.

5. Read and write the correct inventions. Then, classify

them.

6. Complete the table.

invention

year

who invented
it

how it changed
life

printing
press

1440

Johannes
Gutenberg

made many
copies of books

steam
engine

1769

James Watt

created many
new jobs

smallpox
vaccine

1796

Edward
Jenner

saved lives

a. In the Middle Ages there were Christian Kingdoms in the

north of the Iberian Peninsula.
b. Christian kings and noblemen owned most of the land.
c. Peasants farmed the land and paid taxes.

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answer key

Extension
1. WE GROW AND CHANGE

b. No, they dont.

PAGE 30

c. Dogs, rabbits and cats are diurnal animals.

1. Read the text and answer the questions.

d. Bats, foxes and moles are nocturnal animals.

a. Body language is non-verbal communication.

b. Our brain controls our physical movements.
c. We can express our emotions with body language.
d. Rolling our eyes or turning our back can hurt others.
2. Complete the table about how you use your body to
communicate. Then, compare with a partner.
OA

e. Rabbits hide in burrows to protect themselves while they

sleep.
2. Search the Internet for information on animal sleeping
habits and complete the table.
OA
5. ECOSYSTEMS
PAGE 34
1. Read the text and circle the correct word.

2. FOOD AND NUTRITION

PAGE 31

a. Tundra ecosystems are found in the Arctic.

1. Read the text and answer the questions.

b. Rainfall in tundra ecosystems is low.

a. The people of Naples added tomatoes to pizzas.

c. The top layer of the soil is the permafrost.

b. Tomatoes, mozzarella cheese and basil are the

ingredients of Pizza Margherita.

d. Winter in the Arctic tundra is longer than summer.

e. Global warming is threatening the Arctic tundra.

c. Because it was made for Queen Margherita.

d. Pizza is eaten all over the world.
e. Pizza can have toppings such as tuna, mushrooms and
olives.
2. Draw and write about your favourite pizza.
OA

6. MINERALS AND ROCKS

1. Read the text and answer the questions.

PAGE 32
1. Read and write T (true) or F (false). Then, correct the false
sentences.
a. F; b. T; c. T; d. F.
Asthma is a disease of the respiratory system.
Children with asthma can play like other children.
2. Use the code and find a tip for asthma prevention.
Avoid tobacco smoke!

a. Fossils provide information about climate and the

environment in the past.
b. An ichnite is the remains of an animal footprint.
c. You can find ichnites in Soria, Rioja, Teruel and Asturias.
d. The MUJA is the Jurassic Museum of Asturias.
2. Search the Internet for pictures of plant and animal
fossils. Print out three photos, cut them out, paste them in
the boxes and label them.
OA

3. Interview your classmates. Find out what allergies they

have.
OA

7. THE EARTH, THE SUN AND THE MOON

PAGE 36
1. Read and write T (true) or F (false). Then, correct the false
sentences.

4. PLANTS AND ANIMALS

a. F; b. T; c. T; d. F.

PAGE 33

The Moon passes between the Earth and the Sun in a solar
eclipse.

1. Read the text and answer the questions.

a. Animals sleep when there is no food to save energy.

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OA

PAGE 35

3. HOW OUR BODY WORKS

98

2. Search the Internet for three animal species from the

Arctic tundra. Write what they eat.

Watching a solar eclipse can hurt your eyes.

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Extension
2. Search the Internet and make a two-year calendar of the
next total lunar and solar eclipses.

2. Label and colour the diagram.

answer key

satellite

OA
8. MATERIALS AND MACHINES
PAGE 37
1. Read the text and answer the questions.

ground station

a. It is resistant, a good insulator, strong and lightweight.

ground station

b. It isnt biodegradable and it harms marine animals.

c. It means a material doesnt stay in the environment for
long.

11. WHERE WE LIVE

d. They are islands of plastic rubbish in the oceans.

PAGE 40
1. Read the text and complete the crossword.

9. ENERGY AND FORCES

PAGE 38
1. Read the text and answer the questions.
a. When an object or person comes in contact with a
surface or another object.
b. It can be a good thing or a bad thing.
c. Friction is greater on sand.
d. Skiers wax their skis so they can slide faster.
e. Goalkeepers wear special gloves to increase friction.
2. Search the Internet to find out how friction affects another
sport. In your notebook, write a paragraph describing
how friction is increased or decreased to gain advantage.
OA
10. WORK AND TECHNOLOGY
PAGE 39
1. Read the text and answer the questions.

2. Write about your Autonomous Community.

OA
12. LEARNING FROM HISTORY
PAGE 41
1. Use the colour key and read the descriptions to mark the
Roman roads on the map.
Key:

red
green
yellow
orange
ar Can t b r i c o
C aMn
tabrian Sea

AT L
ic
ONcT eI C O
an

Use shopping bags many times!

1. Galician; 2. Muneira; 3. Sardana; 4. Semana Grande;

5. Fabada; 6. Paella.

ANO
AOtCl a
nt

2. Use the code and find a way to use less plastic.

a. Satellite communication is most useful in isolated areas of

the world.
b. Artificial satellites have to be lightweight and resistant.

Asturica
Augusta
Numantia
Clunia

Ilerda
Cesaraugusta

Salmantica

Tarraco

Toletum
Emerita
Augusta
Corduba
Astigi
Gades

Maerd
M

e re
itM

nSee
r
rn
t ee a

oa

rda in

913253p73

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Culture & Festivals

Investigate! & Assessment

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answer key

Culture & Festivals

1. WE GROW AND CHANGE

4. PLANTS AND ANIMALS

PAGE 42

PAGE 45

1. Read the text. Then, cross out the wrong words and
rewrite the sentences.

1. Read the sentences and circle the correct words.

a. Spanish and English belong to the Indo-European family

of languages.

a. The platypus is a freshwater mammal.

b. It lays eggs in burrows.

b. English and Spanish are two of the most spoken

languages in the world.

c. Its body is covered with fur.

c. Around 2,000 of the worlds languages may disappear in

the near future.

e. It is a carnivore.

d. Esperanto has regular grammatical rules.

2. Do some research on the Internet to learn some
expressions in Esperanto. Then, complete the table.
hello: saluton; goodbye: adiau;
please: bonvolu; thank you:
dankon.

d. It has a bill.

2. Search the Internet for information about another

unusual animal and complete the index card.
OA
5. ECOSYSTEMS
PAGE 46

2. FOOD AND NUTRITION

1. Read and write T (true) or F (false). Then, correct the false

sentences.

PAGE 43

a. F; b. T; c. F; d. F; e. T.

1. Circle the correct words.

a. Based on culture, people eat different foods around the
world.

a. Earth Day is an environmental celebration.

b. Reindeer meat is an unusual food eaten in Canada.

e. There are lots of actions we can take daily to take care of

our planet.

c. An unusual food eaten in Thailand is insects.

d. Foods like reindeer meat and insects mainly provide
proteins.
e. In England, fruits and nuts are symbols of fertility and
good fortune.
2. Search the Internet for other foods for special
celebrations. Then, complete the table.
OA

c. The symbol of the Ecology Flag combines two letters.

2. Use the code and write an Earth Day pledge.

I promise to care for our planet.
6. MINERALS AND ROCKS
PAGE 47
1. Answer the questions using the table.
a. OA

3. HOW OUR BODY WORKS

b. OA

PAGE 44
1. Read the text and complete the sentences.
a. Skin colour is controlled by genes.
b. The Sun emits harmful rays.
c. Skin colour depends on the amount of melanin.

2. Complete the table for three important people in your

life.
OA

d. Melanin protects the skin from the harmful rays of

sunlight.

7. THE EARTH, THE SUN AND THE MOON

e. People with lighter skin have less melanin.

PAGE 48

2. Search the Internet or magazines for photos of three

famous people with different skin colour. Write their
names and the continent they come from.
OA

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1. Read the text. Then, cross out the wrong words and
rewrite the sentences.
a. Solstices happen when the Sun is furthest from the
Equator.
c. Solstices mark the beginning of summer and winter.

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Culture & Festivals

2. Search the Internet for information about a particular
solstice celebration and complete the index card.

PAGE 52
1. Read the text and answer the questions.
a. It was adopted 53 years ago (in 2012).

8. MATERIALS AND MACHINES

PAGE 49

b. The purpose of Universal Childrens Day is to honour

children.

1. Complete the timeline to show how levers developed

over time.

c. Some children live on the streets, are victims of abuse or

are forced to work or fight in wars.

Ancient Egypt: People used levers to build pyramids and

draw water from rivers.

answer key

OA

11. WHERE WE LIVE

d. Universal Childrens Day is celebrated with sports

competitions or tours to museums and zoos.

Ancient Greece: Archimedes explained how levers worked.

Ancient Rome: People built catapults and used scissors to
make clothing.
2. Complete the table with examples of how we use levers
nowadays.
MA. at school: scissors, stapler; at home: nail clipper, bottle
opener; in the playground: seesaw, swing.

2. Use the key to find a right of the child.

Children have the right to play.
12. LEARNING FROM HISTORY
PAGE 53
1. Read the text and answer the questions.
a. The steam engine started the Industrial Revolution.

9. ENERGY AND FORCES

b. Because people moved to work in factories.

PAGE 50

c. Living conditions for children were bad, unfair and

dangerous.

1. Read the text and complete the table about the festivals
of light.
name

where

when

St. Lucias Day

Sweden

13th December

St. Martins Day

Holland

11th November

Diwali

India

October
or November

2. Search the Internet for information about other jobs

children did during the Industrial Revolution and complete
the table.
OA

2. Search the Internet to find information about one of these

festivals of light and complete the index card.
OA
10. WORK AND TECHNOLOGY
PAGE 51
1. Read the text and write two tips that can help you to be
less influenced by advertisements.
Remember that not all of the messages are truthful. They
exaggerate the benefits of products.
2. Complete the table to record the number of
advertisements you see in a week. Then, answer
the questions.
OA

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answer key

Investigate!
1. WE GROW AND CHANGE

8. MATERIALS AND MACHINES

PAGE 54

PAGE 61

1. Are you carrying too much weight on your back?

1. What simple and complex machines do you use in

everyday life?

Investigate!: OA
Statement: I can calculate how much weight to carry in my
school bag.
2. FOOD AND NUTRITION

Investigate!: OA
Statement: I can recognise the simple and complex
machines I use every day.
9. ENERGY AND FORCES

PAGE 55

PAGE 62

1. Which foods contain fat?

1. Which surfaces reflect light best?

Investigate!: OA
Statement: I can determine which foods contain fat.
3. HOW OUR BODY WORKS

Investigate!: OA
Statement: Shiny and smooth surfaces reflect light best.
10. WORK AND TECHNOLOGY

PAGE 56

PAGE 63

1. Can you calculate your heart rate?

Investigate!: OA
Statement: I can count my heartbeats, and I can calculate
my heart rate.
4. PLANTS AND ANIMALS
PAGE 57

1. What means of communication do you and your

classmates use? Do a survey.
Investigate!: OA
Statement: MA. My classmates most frequently use mass
communication.
11. WHERE WE LIVE

1. What do plants need to grow?

PAGE 64

Investigate!: OA
Statement: Plants need water, light and air to grow.

1. Which municipal services are available in your town

or city?
Investigate!: OA

5. ECOSYSTEMS

Statement: MA. Our city has lots of municipal services.

PAGE 58
1. Does colour protect animals from being seen by predators?

12. LEARNING FROM HISTORY

Investigate!: OA

PAGE 65

Statement: Colour can protect animals from being seen by

predators.

1. Can you identify historical periods in Spain? Make

a brochure.
Investigate!: OA

6. MINERALS AND ROCKS

Statement: I can identify historical objects in Spain and say

which period they are from.

PAGE 59
1. How hard are rocks?
Investigate!: OA
Statement: I can determine the hardness of different rocks.
7. THE EARTH, THE SUN AND THE MOON
PAGE 60
1. Can you follow the rotation of the Earth? Make a sundial.
Investigate!: OA
Statement: I can follow the rotation of the Earth.

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Assessment
d. Sleep keeps our body healthy and gives it energy.

PAGE 66

e. Sleep also helps us grow.

1. Circle the stages of life and write a sentence about each

one.

f. Newborn babies need 16 hours sleep.

old age; adolescence; childhood; adulthood.

2. FOOD AND NUTRITION

MA

PAGE 68

In old age, adults bodies become weaker.

1. How much should you eat? Write more or less.

Adolescence is when childrens bodies change.

In childhood, children have to learn about the world around
them.
Adulthood is when we stop growing.
2. Write a sentence with each group of words.
a. Newborn babies cant eat solid food.
b. They learn to sit up when they are about six months old.
c. Babies dont say real words until they are about one year
old.
3. Read about adolescents and write yes or no.

answer key

1. WE GROW AND CHANGE

a. less; b. more; c. more; d. less; e. more.

2. Find and circle four nutrients. Then, write them under the
correct picture.
r

girls

boys

Their voice changes.

no

yes

Their hips get wider.

yes

no

Hair grows in some places on their body.

yes

yes

They grow breasts.

yes

no

Their shoulders and chest get wider.

no

yes

left, top to bottom: vitamins; proteins.

right, top to bottom: minerals; fats.
missing nutrient: carbohydrates.

PAGE 67
4. Use the colour key and circle the characteristics.
sex / gender (green): breasts; wide hips; beard.
height / weight (red): 37 kilograms; 1m 20cm.
body shape (blue): short; thin.
individual characteristics (orange): dark skin; long legs; blue
eyes; shoe size; red hair.
5. Write four healthy habits. Tick () the ones you do on a
regular basis.
MA
Eat a healthy, balanced diet; Drink enough water; Have good
hygiene; Rest and get enough sleep.
6. Complete the sentences with the correct words.
a. After a busy day, we feel tired.
b. Our body needs to rest and recover.
c. Animals and people need to sleep in order to survive.

3. Cross out the least healthy food for each meal. Write a
healthier option.
MA
a. Breakfast: orange juice, toast, cereal, yoghurt.
b. Lunch: salad, chicken, potatoes, peas.
c. Dinner: vegetables, carrot soup, an omelette, fish.
PAGE 69
4. Write a sentence with each group of words.
a. Inside our mouth we have a tongue and teeth.
b. Our teeth are covered with a hard shell called enamel.
c. We need to clean our teeth after every meal.
5. Read the definitions and write the words related to the
digestive system.
a. anus; b. gastric juices; c. small intestine; d. saliva;
[Link].

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answer key

6. Read and write T (true) or F (false). Then, rewrite the false

sentences.
a. T; b. F; c. T; d. F.; e. T.

4. PLANTS AND ANIMALS

PAGE 72
1. Complete the text about plant nutrition.

We use our teeth to cut and chew our food.

Nutrients are absorbed into the blood in the small intestine.
3. HOW OUR BODY WORKS
PAGE 70
1. What system is it? Label the diagrams.
respiratory system; circulatory system; excretory system.
2. Complete the definitions with the correct words.
a. kidneys; b. heart; c. lungs; d. urethra; e. capillaries;
f. trachea.

Plants make their own food through photosynthesis. They

absorb water and minerals from the soil through their roots.
This mixture is the raw sap that travels up the stem to the
leaves. With sunlight and carbon dioxide from the air, the
leaves transform the raw sap into elaborated sap, the plants
food. Additionally, during photosynthesis plants release
oxygen into the air.
2. Unscramble the letters and label the diagram with the
correct words.
left, top to bottom: pollen; stamen.
right, top to bottom: stigma; ovary; ovule.

3. Match the two halves of the sentences.

a. Blood circulation is the movement of blood around our
body.
b. The excretory system keeps our blood clean.

3. Complete the sentences.

c. When we breathe out, carbon dioxide leaves our body.

a. Pollen travels from the stamens of one plant to the stigma

of another.

d. Blood carries oxygen and nutrients to different parts of

our body.

b. Pollen fertilizes the ovule inside the ovary and it grows

into a seed.

e. When we breathe in, our ribs move up and out.

PAGE 71
4. Write a sentence with each group of words.
a. Sweat contains water, salt and other waste products.
b. Sweating keeps our body healthy and cool.

c. The seed lands in wet ground and grows into a new plant.
PAGE 73
4. Match the two halves of the sentences about how
animals eat and breathe.

c. Our skin protects our body from infections and injuries.

a. Mammals have teeth and breathe with their lungs.

d. When something touches our skin our nerves send a

message to our brain.

b. Birds have beaks and breathe with their lungs.

5. Write an example of how to look after each system.

MA
Circulatory system: Do regular exercise.
Excretory system: Drink enough water.

5. Classify the words.

6. Complete the sentences with the correct words.

a. It is important to wear protective clothing when doing
exercise.
b. When we ride a bicycle, we must wear a helmet,
kneepads and elbow pads.
d. We should stretch after exercise.

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d. All fish breathe through their gills and some have teeth.
e. Reptiles breathe through their lungs and some have
teeth.

Respiratory system: Breathe clean air.

c. We should warm up before exercise.

c. Amphibians do not have teeth and they breathe through

their skin.

viviparous vertebrates

oviparous vertebrates

mothers womb

hatch

mothers milk

amphibians

are born

eggs

mammals

birds

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Assessment
6. Complete the words using the clues. Then, write a
sentence with each word.

6. Complete the rules to protect ecosystems. Then, match

them to the pictures.
a. Dont light fires. (middle photo.)

MA. All invertebrates are oviparous; When baby insects

hatch from their eggs, they are called larvae; When
invertebrates change shape in stages, it is called
metamorphosis.

b. Dont drop rubbish. (left-hand photo.)

answer key

a. oviparous; b. larvae; c. metamorphosis.

c. Dont pick flowers or plants. (right-hand photo.)

6. MINERALS AND ROCKS

5. ECOSYSTEMS

PAGE 76

PAGE 74

1. Complete the sentences with minerals or rocks.

1. Write a sentence with each group of words.

a. Ecosystems can be as large as a rainforest or as small
as a pond; b. The Earth can be seen as a giant ecosystem;
c. Habitats are places where plants and animals survive.

a. minerals; b. minerals; c. rocks; d. rocks, minerals;

[Link]; f. minerals; g. rocks; h. minerals.
2. Write one use for each of these minerals.

2. Label the food chain and complete it with arrows. Then,

answer the questions.

MA. quartz: digital watches; copper: electric cables;

graphite: pencils; emerald: jewellery.

grass; zebra; lion.

Grass is the producer; The zebra and the lion are the
consumers.

3. Read the descriptions and tick () the correct word.

a. granite; b. petroleum; c. pyrite; d. diamond; e. malachite;
f. marble.

3. Write an example of each type of relationship.

a. OA; b. OA.

PAGE 77
4. Write one use for each of these rocks.

PAGE 75

MA. slate: to make roof tiles; marble: to make statues; clay:

to make bricks; petroleum: to make plastics.

4. Tick () the correct boxes.

coast

open
sea

The water is very cold.

It is home to crabs and starfish.

There is a lot of sunlight.

It is home to dolphins, whales

and sharks.

5. Unscramble the letters and label the diagram. Then,

circle the layer that contains the most humus in brown,
and the layer that has no living things in blue.
top to bottom: topsoil; subsoil; bedrock.

There is little food.

The water is warm and shallow.

deep
sea

Topsoil contains the most humus (brown). Bedrock has no

living things (blue).

6. Answer the questions.

a. arid soil; b. fertile soil; c. poor soil.

5. Circle the words related to deciduous forests in green,

and the ones related to tropical rainforests in orange.
Then, write a sentence about each type of forest.
deciduous forests (green): owls; mild temperatures;
deciduous trees; very fertile soil; ferns; a lot of rain;
squirrels.
tropical rainforests (orange): Equator; wet; parrots; dense
vegetation; lots of insects; hot; monkeys.
MA. Deciduous forests consist of trees that lose their leaves
in winter; Tropical forests have very dense vegetation.

7. THE EARTH, THE SUN AND THE MOON

PAGE 78
1. Complete the crossword about celestial bodies. Circle the
luminous body. Then, complete the sentences.
1. Sun; 2. Pluto; 3. comet; 4. Jupiter; 5. Moon; 6. Earth.
a. Jupiter, Earth, Pluto and comets orbit the Sun.
b. The Moon orbits the Earth.

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answer key

2. Complete the sentences about the Solar System.

a. There are eight planets in the Solar System.
b. The inner planets are closest to the Sun and are made
of rock.
c. The outer planets are furthest from the Sun and are made
of gas.

3. Match the three columns about materials. Then, write

sentences.
MA. Metals used for gates and bridges are strong and
heavy; Green materials used for tables and chairs are strong
and light; Plastics used for playground toys are hard and
rigid.

d. Satellites orbit planets. The Earth has one: the Moon.

PAGE 81

e. Comets orbit the Sun in an elliptical path. Sometimes we

can see their bright tails.

4. Complete the descriptions and match them to the

pictures. Then, label each picture.
a. They are wheels with teeth.

PAGE 79

b. They have switches and wires through which electricity

passes.

3. Circle the continents and label the map.

c. It is a wheel with a rope around it used to lift and lower

objects.
America

d. It is a solid disk that turns on an axle.

Europe
Asia

photos, left to right: electrical circuit: b; wheel: d; pulley: c;

gear: a.

Africa
Oceania
Antarctica

4. Classify the words. Then, tell your partner about rotation

and revolution.

5. Define simple machines and give two examples.

MA. Simple machines have few moving parts. (wheel; pulley)
6. Define complex machines and give two examples.
MA. Complex machines are made up of two or more simple
machines working together. (motors; gears)

Rotation: axis; day and night; one day; 24 hours.

9. ENERGY AND FORCES

Revolution: orbit; around the Sun; one year; 365 days.

PAGE 82

5. Match. Then, number each phase of the Moon in order,

starting with the new Moon.
photos, left to right: full Moon: 3; new Moon: 1; waxing Moon:
2; waning Moon: 4.
8. MATERIALS AND MACHINES
1. Write two examples of these materials. Then, write an
object made from each material.
MA. Natural materials: wood, furniture; leather, shoes.
Man-made materials: fibreglass, surfboards; silicon, chips
for computers.
2. Name two properties of the materials used to make these
objects.
waterproof, flexible; transparent, fragile; light, flexible;
strong, heavy.

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a. chemical energy; b. thermal energy; c. light energy;

[Link] energy; e. kinetic energy; f. electrical energy.
forms of energy found in fire: chemical energy; thermal
energy; light energy.
2. Complete the sentences with renewable energy sources
or non-renewable energy sources.

PAGE 80

108

1. Read and write the correct form of energy. Then, circle

the forms of energy found in fire.

a. non-renewable energy sources; b. renewable energy

sources; c. renewable energy sources; d. non-renewable
energy sources; e. non-renewable energy sources;
[Link] energy sources.
3. Cross out the wrong words and rewrite the properties
of light.
a. Light travels in all directions.
b. Light travels in a straight line.
c. Light travels at 3,000 kilometres per second.

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PAGE 83

glass: transparent.
bowl: opaque.
lampshade: translucent.
5. Unscramble the letters and write P (primary colour) or S
(secondary colour). Then, label and colour the diagram.

MA
a. The Internet is a network of computers connected by
telephone lines; b. Search engines can be used to find
websites and access information; c. The Internet is used for
sending and receiving emails and for chatting.

answer key

4. Write transparent, translucent or opaque under each

picture.

5. Write a sentence with each group of words.

6. Cross out the wrong words and rewrite the sentences.

a. Advertising is present in all means of mass communication.

left, top to bottom: yellow, (S); blue, (P); red, (P).

b. Advertisements are used to persuade consumers.

right, top to bottom: cyan, (S); green, (P); magenta, (S).

c. We can see advertisements everywhere.

left, top to bottom: magenta; red; yellow.

d. Responsible consumers only buy things that they need.

right, top to bottom: blue; white; cyan; green.

11. WHERE WE LIVE
6. Write a sentence with each group of words.
a. Gravity pulls all objects towards the centre of the Earth.
b. Friction acts between two surfaces that rub against each
other.
10. WORK AND TECHNOLOGY

PAGE 86
1. Complete the table.
Spanish territories

Bordering countries

most of the Iberian Peninsula

France

the Balearic Islands

Andorra

the Canary Islands

Portugal

Ceuta

Morocco

PAGE 84
1. Write the type of service being used.
a. education; b. communication; c. tourism; d. health;
[Link]; f. transport.
2. How do jeans reach the consumer? Number the pictures
in order and circle the producers. Then, complete the
paragraph describing the stages.
photos, left to right: 3; 2; 4; 1; 5.
producers: from left to right, photos two and four
Farmers grow cotton. In factories, people make jeans from
denim cloth. Transporters distribute the jeans to shops. Here
shop assistants sell the jeans, and consumers buy the jeans.
3. Complete the text about tourism in Spain.
Tourism is very successful in Spain. There are many
mountains, beaches, islands, small villages and large cities
to visit. The climate is generally good. It is also a culturally
diverse country. Tourism provides many jobs in the service
sector.

Melilla

2. In Activity 1, circle the territories surrounded by water in

red and the ones located on a different continent in blue.
surrounded by water (red): Balearic Islands; Canary Islands.
located on a different continent (blue): Ceuta; Melilla.
3. Circle the words related to municipalities and write them
next to the correct definition.
local council; municipality; councillors; town hall; comarca;
mayor.
a. municipality; b. mayor; c. local council; d. councillors;
[Link] hall; f. comarca.
PAGE 87
4. Complete the text.

PAGE 85
4. Write personal communication or mass communication
next to each action.
a. personal communication; b. mass communication;
[Link] communication; d. mass communication;
[Link] communication; f. personal communication.

Spain is a democracy. Therefore, all citizens have the same

rights and obligations which are written in the Constitution.
The Constitution is the most important law in Spain. It
establishes the national institutions: The Head of State, the
Parliament, the Government and the Courts of Justice. The
Government is made up of the President and ministers. The
Parliament consists of the Congress and the Senate.

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Assessment

answer key

5. Read the sentences and underline the mistakes. Then,

write the sentences correctly.
a. In a democracy, citizens are represented by the
Government.
b. An election manifesto is a list to explain the ideas of a
party.
c. In municipal elections, citizens vote for the mayor and
local councillors.

5. Match the columns and say sentences in pairs.

a. 1492, Christopher Columbus, America; b. 1498, Vasco da
Gama, new route to India; c. 1440, Johannes Gutenberg,
printing press.
6. Name each invention and write 500 years ago or 200
years ago under each picture.
navigation map, 500 years ago; magnetic compass, 500
years ago; steam engine, 200 years ago.

6. Match the five Rights of the Child.

The right to grow up: in a tolerant society; with love and
understanding.
The right to receive: protection and safety; food, water,
housing and medical services; free education.
12. LEARNING FROM HISTORY
PAGE 88
1. Read the descriptions and write the correct period in
history. Then, number them in order.
a. The Modern Age, 4.
b. The Middle Ages, 3.
c. The Contemporary Age, 5.
d. Prehistory, 1.
e. Ancient History, 2.
2. Write a sentence about Prehistory with each word.
MA
a. Human beings lived in small groups called tribes.
b. They discovered fire.
c. People became sedentary.
d. People made pots out of clay.
e. People learnt how to make tools out of metal.
3. Complete the text about the Romans.
Romans spoke Latin. They built many cities. They also
built aqueducts to carry water into the cities and roads to
connect their cities. Their cities had theatres, circuses and
amphitheatres for different kinds of entertainment. Romans
worshipped their gods in temples. Rich people lived in
domus and poor people lived in insulae.
PAGE 89
4. Unscramble the letters and label the picture.
left, top to bottom: battlement; moat.
right, top to bottom: towers; drawbridge.

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Essential Science Plus 4 is a collective work, conceived, designed and created by the Primary Education Department at Santillana.
Writer: Beln Garrido
Managing editor: Sheila Tourle
Editorial team: Geona Edwards, Sheila Klaiber and Hannah Duffy
Art director: Jos Crespo
Design coordinator: Rosa Marn
Design Team:
Interiors design: Jorge Gmez Tobar
Cover design: Pep Carri
Cover illustration: Martn Len Barreto
Design development coordinator: Javier Tejeda
Design development: Jos Luis Garca and Ral de Andrs
Technical director: ngel Garca Encinar
Technical coordinator: Marisa Valbuena
Layout: Hilario Simn, Esther Arrez and Javier Pulido
Art coordination: Carlos Aguilera
Illustrations: Jos Santos, ngel Ovejero, Alademosca, Carlos Fernndez, Carles Salm,
Jaume Bosch, Javier Jaime, Carolina Temprado and Carlos Aguilera.
Photo research: Amparo Rodrguez
Photographs: J. C. Muoz/'Instituto Geolgico y Minero de Espaa'; J. Jaime; L. Gallo; O. Bo; ORONOZ; Prats i Camps; S. Caunedo;
S. Cid; S. Enrquez; S. Padura; TERRANOVA INTERPRETACIN Y GESTIN AMBIENTAL; A. G. E. FOTOSTOCK/David Frazier;
DIGITAL BANK; EFE; GETTY IMAGES SALES SPAIN/Thinkstock, Thinkstock/Digital Vision, [Link] Plus; HIGHRES PRESS
STOCK/[Link]; I. PREYSLER; ISTOCKPHOTO/Getty Images Sales Spain; J. M. BARRES; PHOTODISC; STOCK PHOTOS;
STOCKBYTE; Observatorio de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid/David Montes; MATTON-BILD; SERIDEC PHOTOIMAGENES CD;
ARCHIVO SANTILLANA.

All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system
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If you need to photocopy or scan any fragment of this work, contact CEDRO
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However, the publisher grants permission for the photocopying of those pages marked
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Under no circumstances may any part of this book be photocopied for resale.

2012 by Santillana Educacin, S. L. / Richmond Publishing

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ISBN: 978-84-680-1348-0
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