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1. The document provides an overview of key concepts in descriptive and inferential statistics including measures of central tendency, dispersion, hypothesis testing, z-scores, t-tests, chi-square tests, ANOVA, and the Slovin formula. 2. Hypothesis testing is explained as a 7 step process: stating hypotheses, assigning significance level, selecting test statistic, determining critical region, computing test value, comparing to critical region, and interpreting results. 3. Examples are given for computing means, variances, standard deviations, z-scores, chi-square tests, and ANOVA to analyze data.

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Aloy Dela Cruz
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554 views2 pages

Advanced Statistics Reviewer

1. The document provides an overview of key concepts in descriptive and inferential statistics including measures of central tendency, dispersion, hypothesis testing, z-scores, t-tests, chi-square tests, ANOVA, and the Slovin formula. 2. Hypothesis testing is explained as a 7 step process: stating hypotheses, assigning significance level, selecting test statistic, determining critical region, computing test value, comparing to critical region, and interpreting results. 3. Examples are given for computing means, variances, standard deviations, z-scores, chi-square tests, and ANOVA to analyze data.

Uploaded by

Aloy Dela Cruz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Advanced Statistics Reviewer

Slovin Formula

INFERENTIAL STATISTICS (HYPOTHESIS TESTING)


Hypothesis Testing
1.State the null and alternative hypothesis; 2.Assign the level of
significance; 3.Write the appropriate test statistics; 4.Determine
the critical region; 5.Compute for the test value; 6.Compare the
test value to the critical region; 7.Decide whether to reject or
accept null hypothesis; 8.Interpret the result

n-sample size
N=total pop
e = degree of error 5%
@95%confidence interval

Z=(x-)/

DISCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
Measures of central tendency
Mean

Z-score

T-test

x= (f*Xm)/ f
Measures of dispersion
Interquartile range
Range Scores (f) cf
0-9
6
6
10-19
12 18
20-29
20 38
30-39
18 56
40-49
7 63
63

D6= L+(((60/100*n)-cf)/f)*ci
=
24.45

xa = 2.67; xb = 2.67; xc = 3

Chi square
60/100*63 =
ci
=
L
=
cf below =
f
=

Xgrand=G/N = 25/9 = 2.78


SST = (x-Xgrand)2=(1-2.78)2+(2-2.78)2+(5-2.78)2+

37.8
5
19.5
18
20

df = (c-1) (r-1) = (2-1) (2-1) = 1


X2(0.05,1) = 3.841
Dep
20 D6 29
D6-20
29-20 D6-20 9
D6=(9*19.8)/20+20 observed
F 18
or
=
=
|
=
| =28.91
expected
(25*60)/100=15
18 37.8 38 37.8-18
38-18
19.8
20
observed M 42
Variance/Standard deviation
expected
(75*60)/100=45
18+42=60

Score # of Stud (f)


0-9
6
10-19
12
20-29
20
30-39
18
40-49
7
63.00

Xm f*Xm
Xm-x
(Xm-x)2 f*(Xm-x)2
4.5
27.00
-21.27
452.41 2714.44
14.5
174.00
-11.27
127.01 1524.11
24.5
490.00
-1.27
1.61
32.25
34.5
621.00
8.73
76.22 1371.88
44.5
311.50
18.73
350.82 2455.73
1623.50
8098.41

x= (f*Xm)/ f

25.77

s2= f(Xm-x)2/n-1
s2=
127.5462
SD=
11.29364

1. State the hypothesis


Ho : a=b=c
Ha : at least 1 difference among the means
= 0.05
2.
dfbetween = K 1 = 3-1 = 2 -numerator
dfwithin = N K =9-3 = 6 -denominator
df total = dfbetween + dfwithin = = 2+6 = 8
F critical = 5.14 refer to table
3. Calculate the of each conditions

o
18
7
42
33

e o-e
15
3
10 -3
45 -3
30
3

(2-2.78)2+(4-2.78)2+(2-2.78)2+
Lit
7
18+7=25
(25*40)/100=10
33
42+33=75
(75*40)/100=30
7+33=40
100

(o-e)2 (o-e)2/e
9
0.6
9
0.9
9
0.2
9
0.3
Total=2
Since computed X2 of 2 < 3.841
The null hypothesis is accepted
ANOVA
A
1
2
5

B
2
4
2

C
2
3
4

(2-2.78)2+(3-2.78)2+(4-2.78)2
= 3.1684+0.6064+4.9284+
0.6084+1.4884+0.6084+
0.6084+0.0484+1.4884
= 13.56
SSWithin= (x-XWithin)2=(Xa- xa)+ (Xb- xb)+ (Xc- xc)
=(1-2.67)2+(2-2.67)2+(5-2.67)2+
(2-2.67)2+(4-2.67)2+(2-2.67)2+
(2-3)2+(3-3)2+(4-3)2
= 13.33
SSBetween=SST- SSWithin = 13.56 13.33 = 0.23
4.MSBet=SSBet/dfBet= 0.23/2 = 0.115
MSWithin = SSwithin/dfwithin = 13.33/6 = 2.22
F = MSbet/MSwithin = 0.12/2.22 = 0.05
5. Computed F 0.05 <5.14 accept null
No significance diff bet groups at p=0.05

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