Transliteration of Gujarati 1/4
GUJARATI
Script: Gujarati
ISO 15919 UN ALA-LC
2000(1.0) 1977(2.0) 1997(3.0)
Vowels
અ ◌ a a a
આ ◌ા ā ā ā
ઇ િ◌ i i i
ઈ ◌ી ī ī ī
ઉ ◌ુ u u u
ઊ ◌ૂ ū ū ū
ઋ ◌ૃ r̥ ṛ r̥
ૠ ◌ૄ r̥̄ — —
� l̥ — —
લૄ l ̥̄ — —
એ ◌ે e; ē(1.1) e, ĕ(2.1) e
ઐ ◌ૈ ai ai ai
ઓ ◌ો o; ō(1.1) o, ŏ(2.1) o
ઔ ◌ૌ au au au
ઍ ◌ૅ ê — ê
ઑ ◌ૉ ô — ô
Nasalizations
◌ં anusvāra ṁ; ◌̃ (1.2) ṁ ṃ(3.1)
◌ઁ candrabindu m̐ ; ◌̃ (1.2)(1.3) m̐ —
Miscellaneous
◌ઃ visarga ḥ ḥ —
ઽ avagraha :’ (1.4) — ’
◌્ halanta vowelless vowelless vowelless
Consonants
ક ka ka ka
ખ kha kha kha
ગ ga ga ga
ઘ gha gha gha
ઙ ṅa ṅa ṅa
ચ ca cha ca
છ cha chha cha
જ ja ja ja
ઝ jha jha jha
ઞ ña ña ña
ટ ṭa ṭa ṭa
ઠ ṭha ṭha ṭha
ડ ḍa ḍa ḍa
ઢ ḍha ḍha ḍha
ણ ṇa ṇa ṇa
ત ta ta ta
Thomas T. Pedersen – [Link] Rev. 2, 2005-07-22
Transliteration of Gujarati 2/4
ISO 15919 UN ALA-LC
2000(1.0) 1977(2.0) 1997(3.0)
થ tha tha tha
દ da da da
ધ dha dha dha
ન na na na
પ pa pa pa
ફ pha fa pha
બ ba ba ba
ભ bha bha bha
મ ma ma ma
ય ya ya ya
ર ra ra ra
લ la la la
વ va va va
શ śa sha śa
ષ ṣa ṣha sha
સ sa sa sa
હ ha ha ha
ળ ḷa ḷa ḷa
ક઼ qa — —
ખ઼ k͟ha — —
ગ઼ ġa — —
� za — —
ફ઼ fa — —
Adscript consonants C
◌� repha r-
◌� -r
Vowel ligatures (conjuncts) C
� jā � jī � jo
� dr̥
�, � ru � rū
� hr̥
Half-consonants and ligatures (conjuncts) C
�◌ k- � kra � kṣa
�◌ kṣ-
�◌ kh- � khta � khra
�◌ g- � gra
�◌ gh- � ghna � ghra
ઙ્◌ ṅ- ઙ� ṅra
�◌ c- � cna � cra
છ્◌ ch- છ� chra
�◌ j- � jja � jña � jra
�◌ jñ‐
�◌ jh- � jhra
Thomas T. Pedersen – [Link] Rev. 2, 2005-07-22
Transliteration of Gujarati 3/4
�◌ ñ- � ñra
ટ્◌ ṭ- � ṭṭa ટ� ṭra
ઠ્◌ ṭh- � ṭhṭha ઠ� ṭhra
ડ્◌ ḍ- � ḍḍa � ḍna ડ� ḍra
� ḍva
ઢ્◌ ḍh- � ḍhḍha ઢ� ḍhra
�◌ ṇ- � ṇra
�◌ t- � tta � tna �, � tra
�◌ tt-
�◌ tr-
�◌ th- � thra
દ્◌ d- �, � dda �, � ddha � dma
� dva � dya � drya
�, � dra � drva
�◌ dh- � dhra
�◌ n- � nna � nra
�◌ p- � pta � pra
ફ ્◌ ph- � phra
�◌ b- � bra
�◌ bh- � bhra
�◌ m- � mra
�◌ y- �, �ર yra
ર્◌ r-
�◌ l- � lla � lra
�◌ v- � vra
�◌, �◌ ś- � śca � sna � śra
� sva
�◌ śr‐
�◌ ṣ- � ṣṭa � ṣṭra � ṣṭha
� ṣra
�◌ s- � stra � sra
�◌ h- � hma � hra � hya
�◌ ḷ- � ḷra
Numerals
૦ 0
૧ 1
૨ 2
૩ 3
૪ 4
૫ 5
૬ 6
૭ 7
૮ 8
૯ 9
Punctuation marks
। virāma .
Thomas T. Pedersen – [Link] Rev. 2, 2005-07-22
Transliteration of Gujarati 4/4
Notes
Used mainly in words of Sanskrit origin.
Used for representing Perso-Arabic characters.
Transliterated using only ISO 15919.
1.0 International Standards Organisation. ([Link]
General notes:
A number of options are to be applied when using the ISO 15919 transliteration system.
A colon (:) is used for resolving ambiguities: બઇ ba:i / બૈ bai.
1.1 NON-UNIFORM VOWEL OPTION: The vowels e and o will not be marked long, as usual for scripts not hav-
ing short e and o.
UNIFORM VOWEL OPTION: The vowels e and o will be marked long, uniform with the transliteration of
scripts having both long and short e and o.
1.2 SIMPLIFIED NASALIZATION OPTION: Anusvara is transliterated ṁ and candrabindu m̐ .
STRICT NASALIZATION OPTION:
a) Anusvara before a stop or class nasal is transliterated as the class nasal: n before k, kh, g, gh, ṅ; ñ be-
fore c, ch, j, jh, ñ; ṇ before ṭ, ṭh, ḍ, ḍh, ṇ; n before t, th, d, dh, n; m before p, ph, b, bh, m.
b) Anusvara and candrabindu representing vowel nasalization are transliterated as a tilde above the
transliterated vowel. In the case of the digraphs ai, au, the tilde is attached to the second vowel (aĩ,
aũ). Note that candrabindu reduces to a dot after a vowel extending above the line.
1.3 When m̐ is associated with a semivowel (y, r, l, ḷ, v), it is placed before the semivowel.
1.4 The form :’ is used in modern texts to distinguish it from Latin punctuation ’.
2.0 United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN). ([Link]
2.1 There is uncertainty as to the conditions in which either of the two variants is to be used.
3.0 American Library Association/Library of Congress.
3.1 Anusvara is transliterated as ṃ, except ṅ before k, kh, g, gh, ṅ; n̄ before c, ch, j, jh, ñ; ṇ before ṭ, ṭh, ḍ, ḍh,
ṇ; n before t, th, d, dh, n; m before p, ph, b, bh, m.
Sources
• ALA-LC Romanization Tables: Transliteration Schemes for Non-Roman Scripts. Randal K. Barry (ed.). Library
of Congress, 1997. ([Link]
• ISO 15919:2001. Information and documentation – Transliteration of Devanagari and related Indic scripts into
Latin characters. International Standards Organization, 2001.
• Mistry, P.J.: “Gujarati Writing”, in Peter T. Daniels & William Bright, eds. The World’s Writing Systems. New York/
Oxford, 1996.
• Stone, Anthony P.: Transliteration of Indic Scripts: How to Use ISO 15919. 2002. ([Link]
stone-catend/[Link]).
• United Nations Romanization Systems for Geographical Names. Report on Their Current Status. Compiled by the
UNGEGN Working Group on Romanization Systems. Version 2.2. January 2003. ([Link]
• Vishwabharat@tdil. Language Technology Flash, April 2002. Department of Information Technology, Govern-
ment of India. ([Link]
Thomas T. Pedersen – [Link] Rev. 2, 2005-07-22
