Canal system in Alappuzha town and its surroundings
Longitudinal Profile of Com m ercial Canal
0
0
Depth (m)
-0.5
-1
-1.5
-2
Length (Km )
Longitudinal Profile of Vada Canal
0
0
0.5
1.5
Depth (m)
-0.5
-1
-1.5
-2
-2.5
Lenth (Km )
2.5
C/S of Uppootti Canal
C/S of Commercial Canal West End
0.5
0.5
0
5
10
15
20
25
0
Depth (m)
Depth (m)
-0.5
-1
10
12
14
16
18
-0.5
-1
-1.5
-1.5
Width (m)
Width (m)
C/S of Commercial Canal East End
C/S of Commercial Canal Middle Portion
0.5
0.5
0
0
10
-0.5
12
14
16
18
20
0
Depth (m)
Depth (m)
-1
-1.5
-0.5
-1
-1.5
-2
-2
Width (m)
Width (m)
10
12
20
C/S of Vada Canal West End
C/S of Vada Canal Middle Portion
0.4
0.5
0.2
0
5
10
15
20
0
0
Depth (m)
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-0.5
-1
-1.2
-1.4
-1
Distance (m)
Width (m)
C/S of Vada Canal East End
0.5
0
0
10
15
-0.5
Depth
Depth (m)
-0.2
-1
-1.5
-2
-2.5
Width
20
25
30
10
12
14
Average rainfall from 1995 to 2005
Rainfall in mm
20.5
31
46.7
156.3
289.8
542.2
433.4
336.9
291.9
378.6
168.8
58.6
2754.7
600.0
500.0
Average rainfall in mm
Month
J
F
M
A
M
J
JLY
A
S
O
N
D
Total
% to total
rainfall
0.74
1.13
1.70
5.67
10.52
19.68
15.73
12.23
10.60
13.74
6.13
2.13
100
400.0
300.0
200.0
100.0
0.0
J
JLY
Month
Average monthly rainfall (1995-2005)
Com m ercial Canal-pH
Well - pH
6.58
6.56
7
6
6.52
pH
pH
6.54
6.5
3
6.48
6.46
1
0
6.44
8
Location
10
12
11
Location
Vada canal - pH
7.2
7.1
6.9
6.8
pH
pH
Sea w ater - pH
17
6.7
6.6
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
1
Location
22
21
20
19
18
Location
16
15
14
13
Well - Conductivity
Com m ercial canal Conductivity
600
2500
Conductivity ( S/cm)
400
300
200
2000
1500
1000
500
100
0
0
3
8
Location
17
10
12
11
16
15
14
13
Location
Vada canal - Conductivity
Sea w ater- Conductivity
60000
900
800
Conductivity (S/cm)
50000
Conductivity (S/c)
Conductivity (S/cm)
500
40000
30000
20000
10000
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
1
Location
22
21
20
19
18
Location
Com m ercial Canal - DO
Well - DO
5
14
4.5
12
10
DO (mg/l)
DO (mg/l)
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
8
6
4
1
2
0.5
0
0
3
17
Location
10
12
11
16
15
14
13
Location
Vada canal - DO
3.5
2.5
DO (mg/l)
DO (mg/L)
Sea water - DO
4
3
2
1.5
0.5
1
Location
22
21
20
19
18
Location
Com m ercial canal - Turbidity
12
60
10
50
Turbidity (NTU)
Turbidity (NTU)
Well - Turbidity
6
4
2
40
30
20
10
0
3
17
Location
10
12
11
Location
Vada canal - Turbidity
Sea water - Turbidity
14
35
12
30
10
25
Turbidity (NTU)
Turbidity (NTU)
8
6
4
20
15
10
5
0
1
Location
22
21
20
19
18
Location
16
15
14
13
Com m ercial canal - Salinity
1.2
0.1
0.08
0.8
Salinity (ppt)
0.12
0.06
0.04
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.02
0
3
17
Location
10
12
11
Location
Vada canal - Salinity
Sea w ater - Salinity
0.2
35
0.18
30
0.16
25
0.14
Salinity (ppt)
Salinity (ppt)
Salinity (ppt)
Well - Salinity
20
15
10
0.12
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
1
Location
0
22
21
20
19
18
Location
16
15
14
13
Well - TSS
Com m ercial canal - TSS
12
50
10
45
40
35
TSS (mg/l)
TSS (mg/l)
8
6
4
30
25
20
15
2
10
5
0
3
17
0
2
Location
10
12
11
Location
Sea w ater - TSS
Vada canal - TSS
180
120
160
100
120
80
TSS (mg/l)
TSS (mg/l)
140
100
80
60
60
40
40
20
20
0
1
Location
0
22
21
20
19
18
16
Location
15
14
13
Com m ercial canal - Hardness
Well - Hardness
154
450
152
400
350
Hardness (mg/l)
148
146
144
142
140
300
250
200
150
138
100
136
50
0
134
3
8
Location
17
10
12
11
16
15
14
13
Location
Vada canal - Hardness
Sea water - Hardness
250
7000
6000
200
5000
Hardness (mg/l)
Hardness (mg/l)
Hardness (mg/l)
150
4000
3000
2000
150
100
50
1000
0
22
Location
21
20
19
18
Location
Distribution of Hardness
Well - Ca
Com m ercial canal - Ca
60
100
50
90
80
Ca (mg/l)
70
30
20
60
50
40
30
20
10
10
8
Location
17
10
12
11
16
15
14
13
Location
Vada canal - Ca
Seawater - Ca
90
500
450
80
400
70
350
60
Ca (mg/l)
Ca (mg/l)
Ca (mg/l)
40
300
250
200
50
40
30
150
100
20
50
10
1
Location
22
21
20
19
18
Location
Com m ercial canal - Mg
Well - Mg
45
40
35
30
Mg (mg/l)
Mg (mg/l)
6
5
4
25
20
15
10
2
0
2
0
3
17
10
12
11
Location
Location
Vada Canal - Mg
Sea w ater - Mg
12
1400
10
1200
8
Mg (mg/l)
Mg (mg/l)
1000
800
600
6
4
400
2
200
0
0
1
Location
22
21
20
19
18
Location
16
15
14
13
Com m ercial canal - Chloride
Well - Chloride (m g/l)
70
700
600
50
Chloride (mg/l)
Chloride (mg/l)
60
40
30
20
500
400
300
200
10
100
17
10
12
11
14
13
Location
Location
Vada canal - Chloride
Sea w ater - Chloride
120
20000
18000
100
14000
Chloride (mg/l)
Chloride (mg/l)
16000
12000
10000
8000
80
60
40
6000
4000
20
2000
0
0
1
Location
22
21
20
19
18
Location
16
15
Com m ercial canal - Alkalinity
250
Alkalinity (mg/l)
200
150
100
50
0
2
10
12
11
Location
Vada canal - Alkalinity
Sea water - Alkalinity
250
120
200
Alkalinity (mg/l)
Alkalinity (mg/l)
100
80
60
40
150
100
50
20
0
0
1
Location
22
21
20
19
18
Location
16
15
14
13
Com m ercial canal - PO4- P
-
Well - PO4 P
1800
2000
1600
1800
1400
PO4- P (mg/l)
1600
PO4 P (mg/l)
1400
1200
1000
1200
1000
800
600
600
400
400
200
200
800
0
3
8
Location
10
16
15
12
11
Location
17
Vada canal - PO4 P
Sea w ater - PO4 P
120
1400
1200
80
1000
PO4 P (mg/)l
100
60
PO4 P (mg/L)
40
800
600
400
20
200
0
1
Location
0
22
21
20
19
18
Location
14
13
Well - NO2 N
Com m ercial canal - NO2 N
60
900
50
800
700
600
NO2 N (g/l)
NO2 N (g/l)
40
500
400
30
20
300
200
10
100
0
0
3
8
Location
17
10
12
11
Location
Seawater - NO2- N
Vada canal - NO2 N
6
30
5
NO2 N (g/l)
NO2 N (g/l)
25
4
20
15
10
0
1
Location
0
22
21
20
19
18
Location
16
15
14
13
Com m ercial canal SO42-
45
90
40
80
35
70
30
60
SO42- (mg/l)
SO42- (mg/l)
Well - SO42-
25
20
15
50
40
30
10
20
10
17
Location
10
12
11
16
15
14
13
Vada canal - SO42-
2-
Sea water -SO4
1000
20
900
18
800
16
700
14
SO42- mg/l
SO42- (mg/l)
Location
600
500
400
12
10
8
300
200
100
1
Location
22
21
20
19
18
Location
2009-10
2008-09
Year
2009-10
2008-09
2007-08
2006-07
2005-06
2004-05
2003-04
2002-03
2001-02
2000-01
1999-2000
1998-99
1997-98
1996-97
1995-96
1994-95
1993-94
1992-93
1991-92
1990-91
1989-90
1988-89
1987-88
1986-87
1985-86
1984-85
1983-84
Duration
95
98
114
104
92
95
94
90
122
130
118
156
132
115
122
127
121
114
124
125
121
165
147
182
166
151
181
2007-08
2006-07
2005-06
2004-05
2003-04
2002-03
2001-02
2000-01
1999-2000
1998-99
1997-98
1996-97
1995-96
1994-95
1993-94
1992-93
1991-92
1990-91
1989-90
1988-89
1987-88
1986-87
1985-86
1984-85
1983-84
0 December
30 January
60 February
90
March
120 April
150
May
Operation schedule of Thanneermukkom barrage across years
180
June
210
July
Crop calendar
Snap shot showing the simulated salinity distribution after 6 hours
Snap shot showing the simulated salinity distribution at 27 hours
Snap shot showing the simulated salinity distribution at 69 hours
Snap shot showing the simulated salinity distribution after 99 hours
Snap shot showing the simulated salinity distribution at 105 hours
Snap shot showing the simulated salinity distribution at the end of 14th day
Model
