IPv6 Multicast

2nd South East Europe 6DISS Workshop Plovdiv, Bulgaria 27-29 June 2007 Athanassios Liakopoulos (aliako@[Link])
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Introduction
Multicast is inherent to the IPv6 protocol No broadcasts
Multicast used instead

But some parts need to be configured

for building the multicast trees for topology information (routing)

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Outline
Multicast Addressing Multicast Listener Discovery Protocol Independent Multicast Inter-domain Multicast Current IPv6 Multicast Deployment

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Generic Multicast Group Addresses (RFC 3513)

11111111 8 bits Flags 4 bits Scope 4 bits Group ID 112 bits

IPv6 multicast addresses are in the range of FF00::/8 Flag field:

000T values

T = 0, for permanent addresses defined by IANA T = 1, for transient addresses Scope field: Allows limiting the scope of the multicasting 0 - Reserved 4 - Admin-local 1 Node-local 5 - Site-local 2 Link-local 8 - Organization-local 3 Subnet-local E - Global (Internet)
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Generic Multicast Group Addresses Examples

IANA allocated addresses
[Link]

Flags = 0000 Scope Group ID = 101

NTP servers

[Link] : All NTP servers on the senders host [Link] : All NTP servers on the senders link [Link] : All NTP servers on the senders site [Link] : All NTP servers on the Internet

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IPv6 Multicast Address Assignments (RFC 2375)

Addresses available only for a given scope
FF02::1 FF02::2 FF05::1:3 FF02::D : : : : All All All All nodes of the link routers of the link DHCP servers of the site PIM routers of the link

Addresses available for all scopes

FF0X :: 101 : Network Time Protocol (NTP) FF0X :: 109 : MTP Multicast Transport Protocol

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Multicast Unicast Prefix-Based Addresses (RFC 3306)

11111111 Flags Scope
8 bits 4 bits 4 bits

Resrv
8 bits

Plen
8 bits

Prefix
64 bits

Group ID
32 bits

Addresses are in the range of FF30::/12 Flags = 00PT

P=0, for address not based on a unicast prefix P=1, for address based on the unicast prefix If P=1, then T=1 because address is not allocated by IANA

Resrv : researved, always 0000 Plen : prefix length Prefix : an unicast prefix
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Multicast Unicast Prefix-Based Addresses - Example

RENATER address prefix [Link]/32 IPv6 Unicast Prefix-Based Address [Link]

11111111

Flags

Scope

Resrv

Plen

Prefix

Group ID

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SSM Addresses (RFC 4607)

11111111
8 bits

3
4 bits

Scope
4 bits

Resrv
8 bits

0
8 bits

0
64 bits

Group ID
32 bits

SSM addresses are a subset of unicast prefix-based addresses SSM addresses are in the range of FF3x::/96 Flags = 00PT
T=1, for for transient addresses P=1, for address based on the unicast prefix

Plen : prefix length always 0 Prefix : always 0

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SSM Addresses - Example

SSM Address [Link]

11111111

Scope

Resrv

Group ID

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Multicast Embedded RP Addresses (RFC 3956)

11111111 Flags Scope Resvd RPadr Plen Prefix Group ID

8 bits

4 bits

4 bits 4 bits

4 bits

8 bits

64 bits

32 bits

Addresses are in the range of FF70::/12 Flags = 0RPT

R=1, for address that enbeds RP address R=0, for address that do not enbed RP address If R=1, then (P,T)=(1,1).

PRaddr : last four bits of RP address Plen : prefix length Prefix : a unicast prefix
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Multicast Embeded RP Address Example

GRNET address prefix [Link]/32 GRNET RP address [Link]/128 Embedded RP Address [Link]
11111111 Flags Scope Resvd RPadr Plen Prefix Group ID

8 bits

4 bits

4 bits 4 bits

4 bits

8 bits

64 bits

32 bits

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Solicited Multicast Addresses (RFC 4291)

Nodes build their own solicited multicast address using their unicast / anycast addresses Concatenate FF02::1:FF00:0/104 with the 24-low-order bits of a unicast / anycast address Solicited multicast address are used
by Neighbor Discovery Protocol for Duplicate Address Detection management

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Solicited Multicast Addresses Example

Concatenation of ff02::1:ffxx:xxxx with the last 24 bits of the IPv6 address IPv6 address: [Link]

Sol. Mcast address: FF02::1:FF24:87c1

Ethernet address: FF-FF-FF-24-87-c1

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Outline
Multicast Addressing Multicast Listener Discovery Protocol Independent Multicast Inter-domain Multicast Current IPv6 Multicast Deployment

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Multicast Listener Discovery

MLD is used among multicast-enabled routers and hosts to signal which groups (and sources) a host is interested in. MLDv1 (RFC 2710) supports only ASM, similar to IGMPv2. MLDv2 (RFC 3810) also supports SSM, similar to IGMPv3. MLD messages are sent in ICMPv6 packets

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MLDv1 messages
Multicast listener Query (130)
Identify whether a group has listeners on a link

Multicast Listener Report (131)

Response to a query

Multicast Listener Done (132)

Indicate that a host stopped listening to a multicast address

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MLDv1 : Join a group

ff1e::2:4444 ff1e::5d:8888 Host 3

ff1e::2:4444 Host 1

ff1e::2:4444 Host 2

Send Report for ff1e::2:4444

Send Report for ff1e::5d:8888

Periodically send Multicast Listener Query to ff02::1

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MLDv1 : Leave a group

ff1e::2:4444 ff1e::5d:8888 Host 3

ff1e::2:4444 Host 1

ff1e::2:4444 Host 2

Send Report for ff1e::2:4444 Send Multicast Listener Done for ff1e::2:4444 to ff02::2 Send Multicast Specific Query for ff1e::2:4444 Send Query for ff1e::5d:8888 Send Multicast Listener Done for ff1e::5d:8888 to ff02::2

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MLDv2 (RFC 3810)

Management of groups & sources
INCLUDE : to receive packets from sources specified in the MLDv2 message EXCLUDE : to receive packets from all sources except the ones specified in the MLDv2 message

2 types of messages
Multicast listener query messages Multicast listener report messages

Interoperable with MLDv1

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Outline
Multicast Addressing Multicast Listener Discovery Protocol Independent Multicast Inter-domain Multicast Current IPv6 Multicast Deployment

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Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM)

PIM is not a routing protocol
Relies on other routing protocols, such as MP-BGP

PIM allows to create multicast trees between senders and receivers In IPv6, only PIM-SM (sparse mode) is supported. No difference with PIM for IPv4
but PIM messages are sent with link-local IPv6 address

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PIM-SM Example
RP
(*,G,RP) Join (*,G) Join multicast tree state (*,G,RP) Join (*,G,RP) Join (*,G,RP) Join Join G Join G

R
(*,G,RP) Join

Join G

R
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Animation: Pinizzotto - Rossi

PIM-SM Example
RP
G S,G native multicast encapsulated multicast (into unicast) (*,G) Join multicast tree state

S, G

R R
G

R
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Animation: Pinizzotto - Rossi

Outline
Multicast Addressing Multicast Listener Discovery Protocol Independent Multicast Inter-domain Multicast

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Inter-domain Multicast
MSDP is not supported in IPv6 networks
In IPv4, each site has typically one or more RPs for all global groups. RPs in different domains use MSDP to learn of remote sources Not manageable / scalable solution

S register
RP

MSDP
RP

Domain A
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Domain B

Inter-domain Multicast
In IPv6, for a given global group there can be only one single RP on the Internet
Not scalable solution by itself.

Embedded-RP (RFC 3956) allows each domain to distribute multicast sessions using their own RPs Embedded-RP solution characteristics
Backbone networks do not need any RP configuration E-PRs should (ideally) be located near the sources Prerequisites support of E-RP in all PIM routers

How to solve ASM?

Application / Middleware ? Not there yet (work ongoing)
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Outline
Multicast Addressing Multicast Listener Discovery Protocol Independent Multicast Inter-domain Multicast Current IPv6 Multicast Deployment

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Current IPv6 Multicast Deployment

M6bone
An IPv6 Multicast test network with more than 30 networks & 60 sites connected Started in July 2001 in France

Aims to
offer IPv6 multicast connectivity, test and develop soft and equipments related to IPv6 multicast technologies, be active in IPv6 multicast standardization and provide deployment recommendations
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M6Bone

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M6Bone In Europe

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Current IPv6 Multicast Deployment

Many networks provide native IPv6 multicast services in their service prortfolio
Abilene, GANT, NORDUnet, SEEREN (?) etc. RENATER, UKERNA, GRNET, etc

Prominent router vendors already support IPv6 Multicast-enabled routers.

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Questions?

Thanks for your attention!

Contact
Athanassios Liakopoulos (aliako@[Link])

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