ATOMIC SPECTRA…ABSORPTI0N AND EMISSION
SPECTRUM
Submitted By:
Muqaddas Naz
Submitted to:
Dr. Asghar Hashmi
Subject:
Quantum Mechanics
Roll No:
BS PHY/FA22/14
Government Sadiq college women University of Bahawalpur
ATOMIC SPECTRA
Define:
The spectrum of the electromagnetic radiation emitted or
absorbed by an electron during transitions between
different energy levels within an atom.
Explanation:
When an electron gets excited from one energy level to
another, it either emits or absorbs light of a specific
wavelength. The collection of all these specific wavelengths
of the atom in a given set of conditions like pressure,
temperature, etc is the atomic spectra of atoms.
TYPES
• There are three types of atomic spectra they are:
• Emission spectra
• Absorption spectra
• Continuous spectra
SPECTRAL LINES OF HYDROGEN
EMISSION SPECTRA
• An emission spectrum is the unique pattern of bright
colored lines (or bands) of light released by an excited
substance (like a hot gas) when its electrons fall from higher
to lower energy levels, emitting photons.
• Each element has a unique spectrum, acting like a
"fingerprint" to identify it, crucial for astronomy and material
science.
HOW IT WORKS
[Link] Input: An atom absorbs energy (heat, electricity), causing
its electrons to jump to higher, unstable energy levels (excited
state).
[Link] Emission: These electrons quickly fall back to lower
energy levels (ground state).
[Link] Release: Each fall releases a specific amount of energy as
a photon (a particle of light).
[Link] Wavelengths: The energy difference between levels
dictates the photon's energy and thus its specific wavelength (color).
[Link] Formation: A prism separates these emitted
wavelengths, revealing bright lines on a dark background, forming
the emission spectrum.
ABSORPTION SPECTRA
• An absorption spectrum shows the specific wavelength
(colors) of electromagnetic radiation that substance absorbs,
appearing as dark lines or gaps on a continuous spectrum.
• Because atoms and molecules capture photons whose
energies match the gaps between their electron energy
levels, allowing scientists to identify the chemical makeup of
substances like stars or gases.
HOW IT WORKS
• White light:
Contains all wavelengths/colors.
• Passing through a substance:
Atoms/molecules absorb photons with specific energies that
excite their electrons to higher energy states.
• Unique fingerprints:
Every element and molecule has a unique absorption spectrum,
like a barcode, making it identifiable.
ABSORPTION AND EMISSION SPECTRA
CONCLUSIONS
• The emission spectrum of a chemical element or chemical
compound is the spectrum of frequencies of electromagnetic
radiation emitted due to electrons making a transition from a
high energy state to a lower energy state.
• This spectrum is constituted by the frequencies of light
transmitted with dark bands when the electrons absorb
energy in the ground state to reach higher energy states. This
type of spectrum is produced when atoms absorb energy.
Let’s know how absorption spectra are formed.
Thank You
