Editors

Prof. Vineet Shrivastava, Mizoram University

Ar. Zothanzuala, Mizoram University

Organized by

School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology

Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Knowledge Partners

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 FOREWARD

The Department of Planning and Architecture, Mizoram University adds one more feather to
its cap by organizing the first international Conference on” Rethinking Built
EnvironmentINCoRBE24”. The Northeast region of India, like other regions within the
country, possesses a unique and distinctive character that significantly adds to the overall
richness of the vibrant cultures of our nation. The Department of Planning & Architecture, a
constituent Department of Mizoram University under the School of Fine Arts Architecture and
Fashion Technology, which has received official recognition from the Council of Architecture
under the Architects Act of 1972 was founded in May 2013. This department provides
undergraduate programs in Architecture (B. Arch.). To expand its offerings to include post-
graduate and Research programs in the future, the department aims to uphold a standard of
excellence in architectural education by fostering strong partnerships with renowned
institutions, organizations, and firms that are actively engaged in the industry, as well as other
professional bodies.
Architecture and its allied professions are experiencing substantial transformations in reaction
to numerous urgent concerns. Addressing climate change is currently the most crucial
challenge in the field. The necessary adjustments prompt inquiries on the utilization of material
and spatial resources, which, together with growing expectations for social duty and
accountability, pose challenges to the ethical and aesthetic principles of the field of
architecture. Artificial intelligence's rise threatens traditional ideas of creativity and
authorship. Digital design and manufacturing techniques are merging with economic and
organizational shifts in the construction sector, disrupting disciplinary boundaries, processes,
and traditional architectural models. Is architecture evolving, diversifying, fragmenting, or
rooted in a core that enables it to address new challenges? We analyse the current state of the
profession and consider its potential evolution and adaptation. We aim to understand the
influence architects have on our built environment. Academicians and industry experts will
present their expertise and experiences at the conference to improve and critically examine our
grasp of future advancements in the built environment. We want to establish a platform for
discussion and creativity through presentations, discussions, and debates to advance the
subject. The conference explores the current state of design as we set out to determine the ideal
characteristics of the built environment of the future.
The generous funding from Mizoram University and knowledge partner institutions and
agencies is greatly appreciated. We attribute our success to the outstanding contributions of
our colleagues, who served as a source of motivation and made significant strides in the
establishment of the present Planning and Architecture Department at Mizoram University. We
would like to express our gratitude to the School Dean and Vice-Chancellor, our colleagues,
the administrative staff of the department and university, and our committed team for their
unwavering support in making this conference a success.

25th February 2024 Prof. Vineet Shrivastava

Ar. Zothanzuala

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Prof. Lalnundanga
Registrar
Mizoram University

REGISTRAR’S MESSAGE

It is my great pleasure to extend a warm welcome to all participants, scholars, and

delegates attending the International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
2024 (INCoRBE’24), organized by the School of Fine Arts, Architecture and
Fashion Technology, Mizoram University.
As Registrar, I am delighted to witness the convening of this prestigious conference,
which promises to be a hub of intellectual discourse and exchange. The themes of
rethinking the built environment is of paramount importance in today's rapidly
evolving world, where the need for sustainable, resilient, and inclusive architecture
and urban spaces have never been more pronounced. I commend the school for their
exemplary efforts in organizing this event and bringing together such a distinguished
gathering of experts and thought leaders. I am confident that the discussions and
collaborations fostered during this conference will pave the way for transformative
change in the field of built environment studies.
On behalf of Mizoram University, I extend my best wishes for a productive and
inspiring conference experience. May your deliberations contribute to the
advancement of knowledge and the realization of a built environment that is
sustainable and equitable for all.
With Best Wishes

Prof. Lalnundanga
Registrar,
Mizoram University

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Prof. Vineet Shrivastava
Head of Department
Planning and Architecture, Mizoram University

CONVENER’S MESSAGE

For ages, architecture and the built environment have been a primary indicator of a society's
level of development. The built environment shapes our daily routines, and it shapes individual
and collective identities. It affects an era's resiliency and guarantees its continuation into the
future. In the meanwhile, many of these variables also affect the built environment. So,
naturally, we must wonder: what and how should the architecture of the future be like? And a
more fundamental query: what may this future entail? Would it be predetermined and scripted,
indistinct but predetermined? Is this the future we may expect tomorrow, or is there anything
else in store? Would it be a world overrun by artificial intelligence and machine learning, or
would it be sensitive and contextual like a gendered space? Can it take climate change into
account more? Can it bring back sustainable methods that have relevance? The scope of what
could happen is huge. The purpose of the International Conference on 'Rethinking Built
Environment' INCoRBE’24 is to start thinking about these issues. Learn how our civilization
leaves an effect that goes well beyond the tangible. The conference theme is relevant for
comprehending society as a whole and architecture specifically, it aims to facilitate discussions
on all aspects of architecture, with different related sub-themes established for this purpose.
The exploration of diverse crucial factors within the fields of architecture and urban
development is of utmost importance to ascertain their future trajectory. The discovery and
expression of individual voices have a pivotal role in elucidating and clarifying long-standing
perceptions. Research papers were invited from academicians, professionals, researchers and
students on the theme and sub-themes. A tremendous response has been received from all over
the country and more than 186 abstracts have been received. The conference themes are well
taken by the architecture fraternity and here the book of abstract reflects the same. All
conference paper abstracts underwent a thorough blind review process. I appreciate the diligent
efforts of our review and publication committee, as well as the authors' meticulous work on
their papers.
This opportunity to compile the thinking of so many academicians, scholars and practicing
architects has been an immensely enriching experience. With immense pleasure, the book of
abstract for the International Conference on “Rethinking Built Environment' INCoRBE24” are
presented in the form of this publication.

With Best Wishes

Prof. Vineet Shrivastava

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 TECHNICAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE

Name University

Prof. Vineet Shrivastava Mizoram University

Dr. Aaditya Pratap Sanyal IIT BHU
Ar. Aditya Kumar Singh SMVDU JAMMU
Ar. Advaita Jalan NAVRACHANA UNIVERSITY
Prof. Ajay Kumar Vinodia SPA-BHOPAL
Dr. Anoop Sharma SMVDU JAMMU
Dr. Apurva Shrivastava SPA-BHOPAL
Dr. Ashfaque Alam SPA-BHOPAL
Dr. Ashwani Kumar NIT HAMIRPUR
Prof. Bandana Jha SPA Delhi
Prof. Benjamin Saitluanga Mizoram University
Dr. Bhavna Shrivastava NIT JAIPUR
Prof. Chitrarekha Kabre SPA-DELHI
Dr. Devershi Chourasia SPA Bhopal
Ar. Dwijomala Hanjabam Mizoram University
Ar. Emeline Renthlei Mizoram University
Dr. Faiz Ahmed C SPA-VIJAYAWADA
Dr. Harsimran Kaur IIT BHU
Dr. Inderpal Singh NIT HAMIRPUR
Dr. Janmejoy Gupta SPA-VIJAYAWADA
Prof. Kajri Mishra XU BHUBANESHWAR
Dr. Kamini Sinha NIT PATNA
Dr. Karteek Guturu SPA-VIJAYAWADA
[Link] K Dhote NIT BHOPAL
Dr. Kshetrimayum Bangkim Singh SPA Delhi
Dr. Lalsangzela Sailo Mizoram University
Dr. Manoj Panwar DCRUST MURTHAL
Dr. Mayank Dubey SPA Bhopal
[Link] Bansal Integral University
Dr. Prashanti Rao, SPA-VIJAYAWADA
[Link] Onkar NIT BHOPAL
Dr. Priya Choudhary SMMCA NAGPUR
Prof. Rabidyuti Biswas SPA-DELHI
Dr. Ram Sateesh Pasupuleti IIT-ROORKEE
Prof. Rama R Subrahmanian DSCA B’LORE

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Prof. Rama Umesh Pandey SPA-BHOPAL
[Link] Rai CU RAJASTHAN
Dr. Sandeep Sharma NIT Hamirpur
Dr. Satish Pipralia NIT JAIPUR
Dr. Shailendra Mandal NIT PATNA
Dr. Shankha Pratim Bhattacharya IIT-KHARAGPUR
Dr. Shikha Verma RVCA BANGALORE
Dr. Soumen Mitra IIEST SHIBPUR
Dr. Supriya Vyas MANIT Bhopal
Dr. Surabhi Mehrotra MANIT
Ar. Sushil Kumar Solanki SPA-DELHI
Ar. Sylvia Romawizuali Mizoram University
Ar. Vivekananda Tiwari CU RAJASTHAN
Prof. Yogesh K. Garg NIT BHOPAL
Prof. Abraham George IIT-KHARAGPUR
Prof. Monsingh David Devadas MEASI CHENNAI
Dr. Mehfuzuar Rahman NSUT Dehi
Dr. Neha Gupta NSUT Delhi
Dr. Smriti Mishra BIT Mesra
Dr Shanmuga Priya G SPA- Vijayawada
Dr Umashankar Basina SPA- Vijayawada
Dr Ajay Kumar NIT Patna
Dr Soumi Muhuri NIT RKL
Dr Rewati Raman IIT BHU
Dr Sneha IIT BHU
Dr Shaila Bantanur BMSSA

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 CONFERENCE COMMITTEE MEMBERS

Patron : Prof. Dibakar Chandra Deka

Vice Chancellor, Mizoram University

Co-Patron : Prof. Lalnundanga

Registrar, Mizoram University

Co-Patron : Prof. Vanlalchhawna

Finance Officer, Mizoram University

Chief Guest : Prof. Ar. Abhay Purohit

President, Council of Architecture

Chairman : Prof. Zaithanzauva Pachuau

Dean, SFAAFT, Mizoram University

Convener : Prof. Vineet Shrivastava

Head, Planning & Architecture Department,
Mizoram University

Co- Conveners : Ar. Emeline Z. Renthlei

Asst. Professor, Mizoram University
Ar. Sylvia Romawizuali
Asst. Professor, Mizoram University
Dr. Sachin Yadav
Asst. Professor, Mizoram University
Ar. Dwijomala Hanjabam
Asst. Professor, Mizoram University

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 CO-CONVENERS

Ar. Emeline Z. Renthlei Asst. Professor, Mizoram University

With a more than 10 years teaching experience coupled with two years of
practical industrial exposure, she brings a rich blend of academic prowess and
real-world insights to the table. Completing [Link] from Sir J.J College of
Architecture, Mumbai and [Link] in Sustainable Buildings from Oxford
Brookes University and is currently in pursuit of a Ph.D. at IIT Kharagpur. Her research
interests orbit around the critical nexus of sustainable communities, sustainable indicators, and
innovative community design, reflecting a deep commitment to fostering environmental
stewardship and societal resilience. With a solid foundation in academia and industry, she is
poised to make significant contributions in the realm of sustainable development.

Ar. Sylvia Romawizuali Asst. Professor, Mizoram University

Since May 2013, she has been working as an Assistant Professor in the
Department of Planning and Architecture at Mizoram University. She is an
alumna of JNTU Hyderabad and the University of Nottingham where she
completed her master’s in theory and design. She also served as VC of the
Mizoram Chapter of the IBC, Finance Secretary of the MZU Incubation Steering Committee,
member secretary of MZU Alumni Advisory Committee. Actively does professional work and
her area of interest lies in the area of heritage conservation and energy efficient buildings.

Dr. Sachin Yadav Asst. Professor, Mizoram University

He is an accomplished professional in the field of architecture and planning,
with a strong focus on regional planning and sustainable tourism. He holds a
[Link] degree, a PG degree in Planning, and a PhD in Regional Planning. With
expertise in vernacular architecture, his dedication towards preserving and
promoting traditional styles and techniques within contemporary contexts. His research
interests also extend to policy research, where he explores the intersection of urban
development policies and sustainable practices. His work in sustainable tourism underscores
his commitment to balancing economic development with environmental conservation and
cultural preservation in tourist destinations.

Ar. Dwijomala Hanjabam Asst. Professor, Mizoram University

She is an architect and an urban designer. Before embarking into academics,
she was working in the consulting industry with Ernst & Young with
experience ranging from real estate, affordable housing, tourism sector,
hospitality, industrial development etc. She has worked on international
consulting projects in Nepal, Sri Lanka and the US. After her stint with EY, she worked with
as an associate consultant with Fortress Financials for the Government of Kerala to develop
Thirty Years Advance Vision and Development Plan for Tourism Sector in Kumarakom and
Kovalam. She has been in academics for almost 11 years. She has taught in colleges in
Mumbai, Assam, Bhopal (SPA) and currently is part of Mizoram University. She is also a
member of the apex committee for Streets for People, Smart City Aizawl and researching on
the need for culture in social housing schemes.

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 CONFERENCE ORGANIZING MEMBERS

Technical Support : Ar. Lalhruaitluanga

Er. Benjamin Lalduhsaka

Travel & Accommodation : Ar. Lalmawipuia

Dr. Sachin Yadav

Graphics & Event Management : Ar. Zothankimi

Ar. Zothanzuala
Dr. Zonuntluangi Bawitlung

Printing and Stationery : Ar. Zothankimi

Dr. Zonuntluangi Bawitlung
Vanlalruatfeli Bawitlung

Culturals : Ar. Ramthianghlimi Tlau

Ar. Lalrintluangi Kawlni

Conference Sponsorships : Ms. Zorinkimi

Ms. Hmingmawii

Finance : Dr. Zonuntluangi Bawitlung

Ar. Emeline Z. Renthlei
Prof. Vineet Shrivastava

Press and Publicity : Ar. Sylvia Romawizuali

Prof. Vineet Shrivastava

Publication : Prof. Vineet Shrivastava

Ar. Emeline Z. Renthlei
Ar. Sylvia Romawizuali
Dr. Sachin Yadav
Ar. Dwijomala Hanjabam
Ar. Zothanzuala

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 CONFERENCE KEYNOTE SPEAKERS

Professor Ayyoob Sharifi

Hiroshima University, IDEC Japan

Ayyoob Sharifi is a Professor at the IDEC Institute, Hiroshima University. He also has cross-
appointments at the Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences and the Graduate School
of Advances Science and Engineering. His research is mainly on the interface of urbanism and
climate change mitigation and adaptation. He actively contributes to global change research
programs such as the Future Earth and has served as a lead author for the Sixth Assessment Report
of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Before joining Hiroshima University,
he was the Executive Director of the Global Carbon Project, leading the urban flagship activity of
the project. Prof. Ayyoob is interested in pursuing research at the interface of climate change and
urban planning and his contribution in the areas of urban Planning and Policy; Land Use; Climate
Change Mitigation and Adaptation; Urban Carbon; Nature-based Solutions; Green Infrastructure;
Urban Heat Island; Resilience; Urban Form; Assessment Tools; Smart cities; Sustainable Cities;
Post-COVID cities in noteworthy which gets reflected in his research work and extensive
publications. He has served as Editor, Guest Editor, and Reviewer to many reputed journals. He
has more than 27 book publications to his credit and is actively involved in Invited Lecture, Oral
and Poster Presentation

Prof. Ramesh Srikonda

Director, SPA Vijayawada

Prof. Ramesh Srikonda hails from Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, India. He is an alumna of
JNTU Hyderabad, Anna University Madras and IIT Delhi. He served in the Central Government
through UPSC – Central Architectural Services (CAS) in 1985 (Central PWD) and rendered his
professional services in various capacities such as Deputy Architect, Architect, Regional Architect,
Senior Architect, Chief Architect and Director of Planning, slum & JJ, department. Currently
Professor & Director, SPA Vijayawada. His areas of interest and expertise are Energy Efficient
Design, Energy Conservation Studies in Buildings, Materials and Space Conditioning Options,
Affordable Design of Settlements, Climate Resilient Design, Vernacular Architecture, and
neighborhood settlement Planning Models
Prof. Srikonda has initiated and associated with the development of the New Course Structure for
M. Arch with a focus on Sustainability in Architectural Built forms and Architectural Design with
due consideration to Climate change, ecological/environmental sensitivity, and energy efficiency.
He is a member of many distinguished professional bodies such as a Fellow Member of the Indian
Institute of Architects, Associate Member of the Institute of Town Planners India, Fellow member
of the Indian Society of Lighting Engineers and a Life member of the Indian Society of
Ergonomics.

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 Rafiq Azam
Architecture for Green Living, Bangladesh

Rafiq Azam is the principal architect of Shattoto, an architecture firm in Dhaka that specializes in
"architecture for green living." Rafiq Azam completed his studies at Bangladesh Engineering
University (BUET), Dhaka in 1989. In 1989 started practice with the STHAPOTIK-architects,
engineers & planners as a partner where he served until April 1995. Since May 1995 he has been
operating his own firm. He has received numerous awards for his work in art and architecture,
including the Commonwealth Associations of Architects Robert Matthew Lifetime Achievement
Award 2022, AD100 Most Influential Names in Architecture 2018, World Architecture
Community Award three times in 2008-09, being shortlisted for the Leading European Architects
Forum Award in 2009, recognized as the Emerging Architect of the world by Urban Land USA in
2008, winning the AR Emerging Award in London in 2007, being a finalist for the Aga Khan
Awards for Architecture in 2004 and 2007, and receiving the Berger Award for Excellence in 2007.
Winner of the Asia Pacific Culture and Design Award in the USA in 2007, and recipient of the
South Asian Awards for Architecture four times.
Mr. Azam is a visiting faculty member at various universities including The National University
of Singapore, NED University Pakistan, North South University, the University of Asia Pacific,
Ahsanullah University of Science & Technology, and Brac University Dhaka in the Department of
Architecture. Azam has delivered lectures worldwide at various colleges and seminars. Shatotto
aims to discover the forgotten history and heritage of Bengal and reconstruct the missing
connection between its urban and rural culture. Shatotto aims to reconcile architectural principles
with the contemporary challenge of responsible design to stimulate dialogue among individuals,
communities, and the environment for the betterment of society.

Prof. Pratyush Shankar

Professor, Navarachana University

Pratyush Shankar is a practising architect and an academician. An alumna of MS University

Baroda & CEPT University Ahmedabad, he is currently the provost of Navrachana University
and the Dean of SEDA, Navrachana University, Vadodara, India. He is also a Guest Professor at
the Mundus Urbano Program at the Architecture Faculty, TU Darmstadt, Germany. He was
awarded the Alexander Von Humboldt Fellowship in 2015 and was hosted at the University of
Bonn, Germany. AR Pratyush Shankar was associated with the Faculty of Architecture at CEPT
University for more than two decades. While at CEPT University, he held the position of Acting
Dean of Architecture apart from being the head of the undergraduate program. He was also
appointed as Director of the Undergraduate Office; a CEPT University level position where he
brought about major reforms by introducing choice-based learning, flexible curriculum, and
major/minor-based PG programs.
He frequently contributes to lectures and publications and has mentored numerous works. His
recent publication includes a book titled “History of Urban Form: India” published by Oxford
University.

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 CONTENTS

BUILT ENVIRONMENT CONTEXT, IDENTITY & SOCIETY

1. Examining The Factors Affecting Building Rehabilitation Projects in India Through
Confirmatory Factor Analysis
Sushil Kumar Solanki, Prof. Virendra Kumar Paul 1
2. Joshimath Sinking: Unveiling the Impact of unbridled Infrastructural development
threatening the lives of the locals
Shahzeb Rahman, Charu Jain 2
3. Barrier Free Design – Accessible to All
Shalini Mishra, Dr. Satpal 3
4. Diversity of Users and Activities with respect to spaces in Hindu Temple Precincts of
Pune
Deepali N. Khalkar, Prof. Pradnya N. Patki 4
5. Perceiving Social Sustainability in the Backdrop of the Present Mall Culture of Kolkata
Suparna Biswas, [Link] Ghosh 5
6. Sanitation and hygiene condition of urban slums: A Study on slums of Lucknow City
Dipti Maurya, Prof. Virendra Kumar Paul 6
7. Placemaking elements in architectural institutes of Pune city
Prerana V. Parlikar, Prof. Pradnya N. Patki 7
8. Application of indigenous craft in theme-based restaurants in Pune
Aniket Shinde, Prof. Pradnya Patki 8
9. Resilience in Safety and Security in Urban Parks Through Defensible Landscape
Architecture Approach
Ar. Luvditya Khurana, Ar. Kuldeep Kumar, Dr. Devendra Pratap Singh
Ar. Sushil Kumar Solanki 9
10. A Study of Architectural Evolution of Houses in Shillong
Dr. Ajay Kumar Vinodia, Sudarshan Saikia 10
11. The Science of Temple Geometry
Lokesh MM 11
12. Listening to Markets: Exploring Soundscape Impacts on People in Trivandrum
Marketplaces
Manasi Maneksh, Aparna Sathish 12

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13. Santhal Tribal Houses Evolving in Context to Their Unique Sociocultural Identity and
Prevailing Climate
Dr Janmejoy Gupta 13

14. Community Engagement in the Development and Operation of Smart City Mission: A
Comparative Study of Two Cities
Nimisha, Dr. Neeti Trivedi 14
15. Sociability of the Public Realm - a tool for Social Sustainability
Aparna Sathish, Dr. Tina Pujara 15
16. Refurbishing Open Spaces through Infrastructural Urban Voids considering the
pandemic Circumstances
Ar. Prajakta R. Pawar 16
17. Factors affecting the property values in an urban area
Sneh, Manoj Panwar 17
18. Economics of Spatial configuration: A conceptual framework for tenanting decision of
shopping malls
Sumanta Deb, Sarbani Sarkar 18
19. Exploring the significance of Multi-sensory Architecture
Yoginder, Ar. Divya Khatri, Dr. Satpal 19
20. Re-evaluating the Public Buildings in the Post-Pandemic Era
Sangeetha Reghunath, Dr. Nirmala, Dr. Satpal 20
21. Impact of Geometrical shape of public spaces on perceived safety of user group in
Case of Bhilai, Chhattisgarh
Aditya Roy, Deepak Kumar 21
22. Effect of the Pune Metro on its Influence Zones
Vedika Kulkarni, Dr. Vaishali Anagal 22
23. Exploring the Impact of Tourism on Rural Settlements and Vernacular Identity: A case
study of Mawlynnong, India
Ibynta Bakmen Tiewsoh, Dr Priyaleen Singh 23
24. Locational attribute as the paradigm of urban form and water shaping the native
Indian settlements
Narinderjit Kaur, Dr. Uttam Kumar Roy 24

25. Escalation of Architecture Towards Biomimicry

Aleena Hanna Biju, Ar. Nikhat Parvez 25

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26. Examining Temples in the Footsteps of Shree Rama
Nidhi Dhiraj 26
27. Unleashing Potential: Transformative Architecture and Habitat for Innovation
Tomorrow
Sanchita Chanda, Avinash Bhagat 27
28. Unexplored step wells A water treasure of the Vidarbha region
Mansi Kabra, Vivekanand Tiwari 28
29. Spatial development and morphological transformation of temple town of Thrissur
Varsha Vinod 29
30. Goan Houses - a reflection of Architecture and cultural identity
Dr. Sudhir V Dhomane 30
31. Preserving Legacy in Mud: Architectural Ethnography and Conservation Strategies of
Deomali, Rajasthan
Deependra Singh Chouhan, Lalrintluangi, Nishant Singh, Parvadhavarthini Thiyagarajan,
Vincent Lalrinmawia, Ritu B Rai, Mahesh Kumar,
Vivekanand Tiwari 31
32. Assessing the Effectiveness of Rainwater Harvesting Systems in Urban Educational
Institutions: A Case Study of RV College of Architecture, Bengaluru
Dr Shikha Verma, Dr O.P Bawane 32
33. Challenges to cultural heritage and ecological integrity in Karaikal, Tamilnadu: An
alternative perspective using Blue-green urbanism
Dr. Rakesh K. S 33
34. Investigating Efficiency of Courtyard Designs in Western Indian Havelis
Suchismita Nayak, TVSS Sriharsha, Soumen Mitra 34
35. Exploring Cultural Identity in the Old City of Gwalior through Place, Memory and
Community
Siddharth S Jadon, [Link] S Patil 35
36. Analyzing the Image of a City based on the Perception of Space and Mental Maps
Sanyukta S. Thatte, Dr. Isha P. Panse 36
37. Methodical Approach to the National Byelaws in Heritage Conservation Sites: An
Inquiry Through Visual Tools
Jaishree Mishra, Vineet Shrivastava, Ramesh Srikonda 37
38. How Urban Refugees Claim Space: A Narrative Review
Shreyasi Pal, Tapas Mitra 38

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39. Vernacular Settlement as The Smallest Unit in Sustainable Built Environment
Research
Dwijomala Hanjabam, Dr. Sachin Yadav, Shivani Paliwal 39
40. Exploratory Factor Analysis to Investigate Social Sustainability Factors in the Indian
Context
Vineet Shrivastava, Kamini Sinha 40
41. Balancing expert vision and public desire: Reimagining public open space for Lammual,
Aizawl
Emeline Zodingliani Renthlei, Lalmawipuia Khiangte, Lalhruaitluanga Ralte 41
42. Identification of Social and Cultural Impact on the Architectural Built Form of Mizoram
Lalmawipuia Khiangte, Lalhruaitluanga Ralte, Zothankimi, Lalrintluangi Colney 42

BUILT ENVIRONMENT AND WELL-BEING

43. Importance Of Architectural Spaces in A Wellness Center
Pulimi Venkata Lasya Reddy, Gowri Shenoy 43
44. Identification of Parameters Influencing Liveability Ranking in Cities of India
Dr. Satpal, Aditya Bhalothia, Bhumik Kumar 44
45. Toward Healthy Ageing: Unveiling Parameters to Construct a Well-Being Assessment
Framework for Communal Senior Living in Kerala
Namita 45
46. Design Quality Indicators to Assess School-Built Environment
Tanushree Das, Prof Chitrarekha Kabre, Prof Anil Dewan 46
47. Physical Environment and Children’s Wellbeing; A Correlational Study of a Slum
Community in Pune, India
Hrishikesh Purandare, Ashwini Pethe 47
48. Enhancing Well Being in the Built Environment and its Impact
Miyority Marngar 48
49. Feasibility Of Operating Micro-Mobility in Newly Developing Mass Transportation
Corridors- A Case Study of Chennai
J Sonika, M Mayamani, S Laksmi 49
50. Holistic Approach to Workplace Wellness-Innovative Design Perspectives for a
Healthier Office Environment
Pooja Upreti, Asmita Deshingkar 50

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51. Inclusivity in the Built Environment: A Comparative Study of Autism-Friendly Design
Approaches
Nandini B Sharma, Prof. Dr. Bandana Jha, Dr. Priyanka Bhabu 51
52. Assessment of Garbage Vulnerable Points (GVPs) in fringe areas of Vadodara
Ruchita Shah 52
53. Exploring the Significance of Verandahs in Traditional Dwellings: A Study of the Hot
and Arid Region of Kutch
Mital Patel, Hemant Wala 53
54. A Journey through Sacred Spaces - Exploring Multi-Sensory Space for Mental
Wellness
Suchetha M Thazhathil, Dhiraj K Thorat 54
55. Urban Wellness: Assessing the Dynamics of Street Networking and Green Cover on
Urban Wellbeing
Sampurna Biswas, Vivek Agnihotri 55
56. A Comprehensive Analysis of Walkability Enhancement in High-Rise Urban Areas: The
Role of Mixed-Use 3D Zoning
Saikat Ghosh 56
57. Replacement of Natural Sand with Stone-Dust in Rigid Pavement
R Lalrosanga, Lalrinchhana, H. Laldintluanga 57
58. Spatial Manifestations and Implications of Urban Reforms in Surat City Post 1991
Economic Reforms
Shilpi Aggarwal 58
59. Exploring Biophilic Design: Bringing Nature into the Buildings
Dr. Nirmala, Dr. Satpal 59
60. Study of Urban Heat Island Effect through the Impact of Regulatory Norms Causing
Changes in Urban Scape: Case of Girgaon, Mumbai
Dipali Vadhavkar 60
61. Accessibility to Urban Green Spaces for Women Users: A Comprehensive Approach to
Urban Planning
Pooja Chaudhary, Manoj Panwar 61
62. Unveiling the Multifaceted Tapestry of Place Attachment: A Holistic Exploration in
Urban Environments
Kamini Badnore 62
63. Street Network Configuration – A Criterion to Assess Walkability Potential of a
Traditional and Modern Settlement in Chennai, India
P. Dharmambigai, Dr. S. Lakshmi 63

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64. Significance of the Built Environment and Its Impact on Social Wellbeing at the City
Level: A Study
Dr. Manita Saxena 64
65. Evaluating the Impact of Double Skin Facades on Indoor Lighting Conditions in an
Architectural College
Pooja Bafna, Dr. Vaishali Anagal 65
66. Acoustical Materials in Auditoriums: Analysing Installation Techniques and Assessing
VOC Emissions
Juily A. Shirodkar, Pooja A. Niphadkar, Dr. Ajinkya P. Niphadkar 66
67. Urban neighbourhood outdoor environments and Age-friendliness: A Study of Jaipur
City, India
Parshant Rehal, Prabhjot Singh Chani, Sonal Atreya, Harsimran Kaur 67
68. Accessing the impact of traditional CBDs on liveability: A case of Tiruchirappalli city
Prithiviraj Muthukumar, K.I. Syed Ahmed Kabeer 68
69. Understanding Psychology of the User's Behaviour in Public Buildings
Sumit, Dr. Nirmala, Dr. Satpal 69
70. Developing Urban Design Framework for Public Open Spaces in Kerala
Dilshana Siyad 70
71. Sensory Experiences in the Built Environment
Sanya Jain, Kalpana, Sneh 71
72. Exploration of Built Environment through the lenses of Elderly – A Case of Amarabati,
Kolkata
Sudeshna Roy, Varsha Vinod, Prof. Keya Mitra 72
73. Urban transformation of Nashik City: Healthy streets and Built Environment
Nilesh Kale, Prajjwal Tank 73
74. Biophilic Design Approach in Regenerating the Socio-cultural Well-Being of Delhi NCR
Region
Garima [Link], Priyanka Shukla 74
75. Planning for Sustainable Carrying Capacity using SAFE Approach: Trimbak Town,
Nashik
Anupama Prasad Bhonge, Dr. Isha Panse 75
76. Assessing Healthcare Accessibility of Tribal Settlements: Core Tiger Reserve area,
Melghat Region
Kamesh M Jaiswal, Dr. Isha Panse 76

xxvi
77. Evaluation of Perception of Public Spaces in an Indian city
Rebecca Singh Jadon 77
78. Exploring the impact of Visual Comfort on Occupants: A Comparative Study across
Different Green Building Rating Systems
Abinaya J, Anitha Suseelan 78
79. Natural ventilation in Urban high rise and building Aerodynamics
Aprajita Kaushik 79
80. Psychological impact of built environment within an urban sprawl of Aizawl
Ramthianghlimi Tlau, Vanlalruatfeli Bawitlung, Lalrintluangi Colney 80
81. Space Harmonization in Internal Architecture - An Interplay Between Tangible
Elements for A Holistic Design
Ramthianghlimi Tlau, Sylvia Romawizuali, Zothankimi, Zothanzuala 81

BUILT ENVIRONMENT & TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT

82. HVAC retrofitting for improving Infection Control in Hospitals
Madaka Ruchith Rao, Sushil Kumar Solanki 82

83. Examining The Factors Affecting Building Rehabilitation Projects in India Through
Confirmatory Factor Analysis
Vinay Verma, Dr. Satpal 83
84. Digital Twins in Built Environments: Opportunities and Challenges
Dr. Satpal, Bhumik Kumar, Sandhya Dua 84
85. Urban Sprawl Measurement and Monitoring as A Planning Support System: A Case of
Rohtak, Haryana, India
Dr. Lalit Kumar, Ar. Manoj Sehga 85

86. Optimization of window sizes in the learning environment to enhance Daylight

availability in the interiors using lighting simulation software
[Link], Prof. [Link] 86
87. A Review of current research on Building Automation Systems for Commercial and
Office Buildings
Mohammed Athar Mansury, Prof. Dr Bandana Jha 87
88. Exploring Bio-Inspired Facade for a Sustainable Future
Ritika Rehal, Dr. Nirmala, Dr. Satpal 88

xxvii
89. Passive Design Techniques in Net Zero Building
Sahil Rohilla, Dr. Nirmala, Dr. Satpal 89

BUILT ENVIRONMENT & CLIMATE RESILIENT

90. Multi-Hazard Building Resilience Index, A Case Study of Hospital in New Delhi
Madaka Ruchith Rao, Sushil Kumar Solanki 90
91. Advancing Thermal Comfort in Indian Homes: The Latest in Residential Insulating
Materials for Composite Climates
Aditya Sanyal, Dr. Nirmita Mehrotra 91
92. Impact of the courtyard on thermal comfort in an institutional building
Supreeth Acharya, Gowri Shenoy 92
93. Window Design for Daylight in Buildings
Dr. Satpal, Nikita 93
94. Geodesign based approach for flood resilient town: A case study of Kullu, Himachal
Pradesh
Shivani Soni, Neetu Kapoor, Abhinam Bhardwaj 94
95. Coastal Sentinel: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Integrated Coastal Regulations Zone
Plans (ICRZ) in Indian Coastal Cities
Ankita Saxena, Dr. Yogesh M Keskar, Dr. Pratheek Sudhkaran,
Bhavesh Joshi 95
96. LATTICE: A Study of Passively Design Built Environment
Shikha Bhardwaj, Bhupesh Garg 96
97. Need of Passive Cooling Techniques and it’s feasibility in residential high rise
structures in Tropical Climate
Dr. Ajinkya Pradeep Niphadkar, Dr. Shobhan S. Kelkar 97
98. Traditional Building Methods of Assam
Divya Mishra, Bhupesh Garg 98
99. Effect of Thermal Comfort through Building Shape and Orientation: A BIM-Based
Analysis
Haudingliana, Lalsangzela Sailo 99
100. Urgent Need to Foster the Idea of Green and Net Zero Energy Buildings, Amid
Climate Crisis
Rahul Dongre 100

xxviii
101. Sustainable Utopias: A Comprehensive Exploration of Eco-Village Planning for
the Indian Context
Akhil Nawani, Ranjeet Verma, Apoorva Nawani, Prashant Rehal, Amrita Dwivedi,
Harsimran Kaur 101

102. Green Building: A Universal Remedy for the Sustainable Built Environment in a
Tropical Climate
Dr. Akshay Anil Wayal, Dr. Shobhan Sadhan Kelkar 102
103. Conscious Built Environment
Arimita Roy, Atul Jayant Phoujdar 103
104. Multi-Criteria Evaluation of Urban Flooding at Neighbourhood Scale: A Case Study
of Pandri, Raipur, India
M Pradeep Kumar, Vivekanand Tiwari 104
105. Exploring Green Design Features Contributing Towards Form and Iconicity of Tall
Building
Samriddha Patra , Suchismita Nayak, Subrata Kumar Paul 105

xxix
 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Examining The Factors Affecting Building Rehabilitation Projects in India

Through Confirmatory Factor Analysis
Sushil Kumar Solanki – School of Planning & Archiecture, New Delhi
Virendra Kumar Paul – School of Planning & Archiecture, New Delhi
Email: sushilsolanki@[Link], [Link]@[Link]

Abstract
In India, a high-performance building rehabilitation package must be implemented more
quickly in order to achieve the country's sustainable development objective. In order to attain
this degree of performance, the construction method for building restoration should move
towards industrialized solutions that take into account all construction stakeholders' demands
and are unencumbered by current industrial problems. The aim of this study is to investigate
and evaluate the fundamental elements and the corresponding challenges that impact building
rehabilitation initiatives in India. The purpose of this research is to furnish important insights
to the project's stakeholders, empowering them to anticipate and prepare for possible
obstacles. While conducting a secondary survey 25 underlying challenges were identified for
the execution of building rehabilitation projects in India. The research method involved the
study of 38 buildings in New Delhi to verify and validate these challenges through detailed
stakeholder discussion and interviews. The study was analysed using Confirmatory Factor
Analysis (Structure Equation Modelling) using Smart PLS at 0.90 Cronbach’s alpha reliability
value of the data collected using a questionnaire survey. Further, four significant factors were
confirmed at KMO= 0.90. The challenges are grouped under four factors, Project Definition;
Project Procurement; Project Risk Management, and Project Closure and Handover. The
results show that factors analysed and presented as significant challenges exist at ongoing
sites with the validity of stakeholders' consensus.

References:
1. Alsulamy, S. (2022). Investigating critical failure drivers of construction project at planning stage in Saudi
Arabia. Frontiers in Engineering and Built Environment, 2(3), 154–166.
2. Aneesha, K., & Haridharan, M. K. (2017). Ranking the Project Management Success Factors for
Construction Project in South India. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 80, 012044.
3. Arslan, G., & Kivrak, S. (2008). Critical Factors to Company Success in the Construction Industry. 2(9).
4. Benitez, J., Henseler, J., Castillo, A., & Schuberth, F. (2020). How to perform and report an impactful
analysis using partial least squares: Guidelines for confirmatory and explanatory IS research. Information &
Management, 57(2), 103168.
5. Buckland, S. T., Davison, A. C., & Hinkley, D. V. (1998). Bootstrap Methods and Their Application.
Biometrics, 54(2), 795.
6. Cassel, C., Hackl, P., & Westlund, A. H. (1999). Robustness of partial least-squares method for estimating
latent variable structures. Journal of Applied Statistics, 26(4), 435–446.
7. Chan, A. P. C., & Tam, C. M. (2000). Factors affecting the quality of building projects in Hong Kong.
International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 17(4/5), 423–442.
8. Doraisamy, S. V., Akasah, Z. A., & Yunus, R. (2015). Incorporating Rehabilitation Management towards
the Restoration of Abandoned Housing Projects. 2(1).

1
 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Joshimath Sinking: Unveiling the Impact of unbridled Infrastructural

development threatening the lives of the locals
Shahzeb Rahman – Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
Charu Jain – Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
Email: [Link]@[Link],

Abstract
In India, a high-performance building rehabilitation package must be implemented more
quickly in order to achieve the country's sustainable development objective. In order to attain
this degree of performance, the construction method for building restoration should move
towards industrialized solutions that take into account all construction stakeholders' demands
and are unencumbered by current industrial problems. The aim of this study is to investigate
and evaluate the fundamental elements and the corresponding challenges that impact building
rehabilitation initiatives in India. The purpose of this research is to furnish important insights
to the project's stakeholders, empowering them to anticipate and prepare for possible
obstacles. While conducting a secondary survey 25 underlying challenges were identified for
the execution of building rehabilitation projects in India. The research method involved the
study of 38 buildings in New Delhi to verify and validate these challenges through detailed
stakeholder discussion and interviews. The study was analyzed using Confirmatory Factor
Analysis (Structure Equation Modelling) using Smart PLS at 0.90 Cronbach’s alpha reliability
value of the data collected using a questionnaire survey. Further, four significant factors were
confirmed at KMO= 0.90. The challenges are grouped under four factors, Project Definition;
Project Procurement; Project Risk Management, and Project Closure and Handover. The
results show that factors analysed and presented as significant challenges exist at ongoing
sites with the validity of stakeholders' consensus.

References:
1. Ashutosh, M, (2023), Ban construction in Joshimath: What reports on sinking hill town said. India Today,
26 September.
2. Aljazeera. (2023, February 27). Inside Joshimath, India’s sinking Himalayan town. Retrieved from
[Link]
3. Maurya A. T. (June, 2017). Landslide Hazard Zonation Map of Joshimath-Badrinath Region, India: Using
Remote Sensing and GIS Technique. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology.
4. EJ Atlas. (2021, October 31). Vishnugaad – Peepalkoti hydroelectric project, Uttarakhand, India.
5. Jain, S. L. (2010). Glacial lakes and glacial lake outburst flood. Journal of the International Society.
6. Jha, R. (2023). Lessons from Joshimath: The Need for a Himalayan Development Model. ORF Issue Brief
No. 616, February 2023, Observer Research Foundation.
7. Kumar, S., Shrivastava, S. (2023, January 11). A sinking town in Uttarakhand: What went wrong in
Joshimath.
8. Moharaj, P. (2023). Land Subsidence and the Sinking City Dynamics in Joshimath. Economic and
Political Weekly, 58(35), 20-22.
9. Perlik, M. (2019). The spatial and economic transformation of mountain regions: landscapes as
commodities. Routledge.

2
 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Barrier Free Design – Accessible to All

Shalini Mishra – D.C.R. University of Science & Technology, Murthal, India
Satpal – D.C.R. University of Science & Technology, Murthal, India
Email: shalinimishrax5@[Link], [Link]@[Link]

Abstract
Barrier-free design, often called inclusive design, represents a holistic approach to
architectural planning that aims to create accessible and welcoming environments for all. It
transcends simple compliance with building codes and regulations by focusing on eliminating
physical, sensory and cognitive barriers that can hinder individuals' full participation in
society. Accessibility for all is about elements and places that can be used by everyone. It is
aimed at people with or without disabilities, children and the elderly population as different
target groups. This research explores the fundamental principles and transformative impact of
these design philosophies in creating environments, products and services that serve the
diverse needs of individuals, regardless of their abilities or backgrounds. The need for this
research arises from the glaring gaps in our built environment when it comes to accessibility
and inclusiveness. Barrier-Free Design steps in to remove barriers, ensuring that walking is
not a puzzle and that everyone can participate without feeling left behind. A single design
approach cannot meet people's different needs. Therefore, Universal Design aims to design
elements and spaces by providing options and choices for their use, thus creating an inclusive
environment for everyone, which can then prove beneficial to people in many ways. The aim
of this study is to explore how universal design makes spaces inclusive and usable for people
with and without disabilities, and how we can design for a wider audience, providing equal
opportunities for the independence ease and safety of different types of users in our society.
The objective of this study is to Propose innovative solutions and design strategies that
prioritize the independence and dignity of all users. This research will explore the national
and international universal design standards for accessibilities. Case studies of successful
inclusive designs, Surveys or interviews with users, Analysis of existing design guidelines
and standards. Therefore, the inclusion of universal design promotes maximum participation
in society. This approach aims to avoid stigma and inequality. It is a design intervention that
recognizes differences by addressing the different needs of different groups of people.

References:
1. Amila Badungodage, K. A., October (2020). Importance of barrier free design in built-environment to
empower physically disabled persons: With special reference to the quality of accessibility in public
buildings in Western Province. p. 19 .
2. Areekkuzhiyii, S., January (2022). Universal design for Learning. Volume 21 (4), p. 10 .
Bennett, J. et al., (2013). The Evolution of Personality in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment.
Volume 36 , p. 35.
3. Cooper Csorba, E., (2008). CAMPUS ACCESSIBILITY: A case for universal design at the university
of Alberta. p. 58.
4. Richard Duncan, L. Y. H. L., (March 2007). Universal Design – Clarification and Development. p. 39.

3
 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Diversity of Users and Activities with respect to spaces in Hindu Temple

Precincts of Pune
Deepali N. Khalkar – [Link] Of Architecture, SPPU, Pune
Pradnya N. Patki – [Link] Of Architecture, SPPU, Pune
Email: deepalikhalkar05@[Link], pradnyapatki@[Link]

Abstract
Temples are located in significant locations within the landscapes. As the author Alice Boner
has mentioned “Hindu temples come in many styles, are situated in diverse locations, deploy
different construction methods and are adapted to different deities and regional beliefs, yet
almost all of them share certain core ideas, symbolism.” Depending on the ceremonies or
activities taking place inside the temple people visit the temples at different times during the
day. Hindu temple precincts in Pune reflects the multifaceted role these places play in the
cultural, religious, and social life of the community. This paper aims to study the diversity of
people visiting the Hindu temple in Pune at various times of the day. To understand the use
of architectural, built and landscape features in the temple precinct by people of varied age
groups, people's behaviour and the associated rituals that draw them to temples. The research
methodology was combination of qualitative research in the form of in-depth interviews and
a physical survey. The primary data collection was done by field survey, activity mapping and
visual observation method. The Data was analysed and test of significance was done using
Chi-square method to find association of diversity of users and location of temple. Activity
mapping reflects that the location and spatial characteristics of a temple precinct plays a
significant role in shaping the demographics of its visitors.

References:
1. Aulet, S., & Vidal, D. (2018). Tourism and religion: sacred spaces as transmitters of heritage values.
Church, Communication and Culture., 237- 259. doi:10.1080/23753234.2018.1542280.
2. Banerjee, B. (2014). Temple as "Place of Ageing" for elderly people in Indian Urban settings, IIA.
3. Boner, A. (1990). Principles of Composition in Hindu Sculpture : Cave Temple Period. Netherlands:
[Link],Liden.
4. DBpedia. (n.d.). Retrieved from [Link]
5. Gharipour, M. (2015). Sacred Precincts: The Religious Architecture of Non-Muslim Communities Across
the Islamic World. Netherlands: Brill.
6. Gupta, S., & Diddee, J. (2000). Pune: Queen of the Deccan. Pune: Elephant Design Pvt. Ltd.
7. Jadhav, A. (2021). Gender Based Behaviour patterns in temple Precincts in Pune. IIA 32-38.
8. Jeon, J. Y. (2014). Soundscape evaluation in a Catholic cathedral and Buddhist temple precincts through
social surveys and soundwalks. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America., 1863 -1874.
9. Kumar, R. (2004). Western India in the Nineteenth Century (reprint ed.). Routledge.
10. Michell, G. (1988). The Hindu Temple: An Introduction to its Meaning and Forms. University of
Chicago Press.
11. Min, P. G. (2010). "Religion and Maintenance of Ethnicity among Immigrants – A Comparison of Indian
Hindus and Korean Protestants", (Vol. Chapter 6). NYU Press.

4
 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Built Environment Context, Identity, and Society Perceiving Social

Sustainability in the Backdrop of the Present Mall Culture of Kolkata
Suparna Biswas – Dept. of Architecture, Om Dayal School of Architecture,
Uluberia, WB.
Mainak Ghosh – Dept. of Architecture, Jadavpur University, Kolkata.
Email: suparna.biswas1@gmail .com, [Link]@[Link]

Abstract
The rapid surge in the development of shopping malls equipped with state-of-the-art facilities
in Kolkata outlines the urban spatial and socio-cultural transformation of the prevailing
organized retail scenario witnessing a shift in consumer purchase patterns driven by increased
affordability and brand consciousness. These flourishing malls have gradually been
transformed into gathering places—a rendezvous for socializing with family and friends,
especially among the younger generations during weekends. With the extensive urban
developments, the mall culture has seamlessly integrated into the everyday lifestyle of
consumers in Kolkata's retail landscape. These shopping malls have assumed a productive
role that goes beyond mere commercial spaces fostering social interaction, facilitating
convenient access to diverse facilities, entertainment and contributing to an enhanced socio-
cultural quality of urban life. They have become an integral part of the city's urban culture
portraying a mesmerizing experience, a lifestyle activity, a retreat from the stresses of the
hectic, everyday mundane routine thus playing a fundamental role in reshaping social
sustainability. A key component of the triad, that includes economic and environmental
sustainability, social sustainability, centres around enhancing the welfare of communities and
progress that results in the balanced and positive advancement of society. By fostering social
inclusion, shopping malls offer diverse commercial and economic opportunities and
entertainment facilities to the consumers, along with challenges that directly impact the lives
of individuals within the social framework. This dynamic interplay contributes to a holistic
comprehension of social sustainability. The present research delves into the concept of social
sustainability, examining its various aspects, with respect to the built environment like
predominant shopping malls in Kolkata and with specific emphasis on the preservation of
significant socio-cultural characteristics. This paper involves literature study encompassing
an extensive review of various references to acquire qualitative data and insights into the
numerous facets of social sustainability as highlighted by various theorists. A framework
delineating specific aspects related to the preservation of socio-cultural characteristics is
subsequently established from questionnaires gathering quantitative results and scheduled
interviews complementing this by enhancing validity through offering a more intimate and
in-depth insight. The study addresses the challenges arising from potential conflicts among
the social sustainability aspects related to shopping malls and their practical implementation
in the backdrop of the city’s urban fabric. Further investigation ascertains whether factors like
ethnic background or the intrinsic nature of a society plays a role in shaping the perception of
an area's sociocultural characteristics, subsequently enhancing social cohesion. Exploring
these factors would potentially provide guidance for future design decisions of the
proliferating shopping malls in Kolkata, aiming to foster more socially sustainable
communities within the city’s urban fabric.

References:
1. Aboutorabi, M. (2018). Culture, Space, and Place: An inquiry into the urban landscape of multicultural
cities. Journal of Engineering and Architecture, 6(2), 7-19.

5
 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Sanitation and hygiene condition of urban slums: A Study on slums of

Lucknow City
Dipti Maurya – Dept. of Geography, S.K.P.G. Basti
Virendra Kumar Paul – Dept. of Geography, S.K.P.G. Basti
Email: diptimaurya007@[Link], [Link]@[Link]

Abstract
The number of slums has significantly increased in Lucknow over the last three decades along
with the expansion of cities and towns. Rapid urbanization, caused largely by a heavy influx
of migrants from rural areas, has exerted severe pressure on urban housing and public services
in Lucknow City. At the rate at which urban slums are increasing the infrastructure and basic
services in Lucknow are not able to cope. Due to this circumstance as well as the impoverished
economic circumstances of the poor migrants, a considerable number of slums have formed
where severe service deficiencies have compounded and proliferated, creating dangerous
environmental conditions. In the present Study Data has been collected from primary sources,
secondary sources and from focused group discussion. The study analyses the practice of
sanitation and hygiene regarding water. This paper has also highlighted the survey of water
resource availability and quality at the source point of consumption; problems faced in getting
safe drinking water; and knowledge of hygienic latrines; awareness about health. In addition
to the above, the survey maintained a specific focus on, women and the younggeneration. The
study finds there have been some improvements in terms of knowledge of hygiene, due to the
spread of awareness during corona.

References:
1. (UNHSP). (2012). The Challenge of Slums: Global Report on Human Settlements 2003. UN-Habitat.
2. Census of India | Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India (Issue March). (2011).
3. Davis, M. (2008). Planet of Slums. In New York, Verso (Vol. 49, Issue 3).
4. Gupta, A., Sengar, M., Manar, M., Bansal, U., & Singh, S. K. (2023). Tracking Water, Sanitation, and
Hygiene Practices: Waste Management and Environmental Cleaning in the Slums of North India. Cureus,
15(7).
5. Mara, D., Lane, J., Scott, B., & Trouba, D. (2010). Sanitation and Health. PLoS Medicine, 7(11).
6. Nagpal, A., Hassan, M., Siddiqui, M. A., Tajdar, A., Hashim, M., Singh, A., & Gaur, S. (2021). Missing
basics: a study on sanitation and women’s health in urban slums in Lucknow, India. GeoJournal, 86(2).
7. Regional Centre for Urban & Environmental Studies. (2012). Slum Free City Plan of Action - Lucknow.
8. Shukla, M., Agarwal, M., Rehman, H., Yadav, K., & Imchen, T. (2016). Housing and sanitary conditions in
slums of Lucknow, capital of Uttar Pradesh. International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health,
5(6), 1153.
9. WHO/ UNICEF. (2020). Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene
Report: Progress on household drinking water, sanitation and hygiene 2000.

6
 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Placemaking elements in architectural institutes of Pune city

Prerana V. Parlikar – B.K.P.S. College of Architecture, SPPU, Pune
Pradnya N. Patki – B.K.P.S. College of Architecture, SPPU, Pune
Email: preranaparalikar30@[Link], pradnyapatki@[Link]

Abstract
As the author Nicole Peterson has mentioned “Placemaking is a people-centric approach in
shaping public spaces, closely tied to architecture, that focuses on creating environments that
resonate with a sense of place”. Placemaking elements are those that contribute to making a
successfully designed space. Studying architecture demands substantial time and effort,
leading to heightened stress levels among students in campus spaces. However, interacting
with nature provides relief. This study in Pune's architectural institutes aims to understand the
preferences of students using landscape spaces, with objectives of identifying landscape
elements, observing student behaviour, and exploring their associations with these spaces
through the photovoice method. The research employs observation mapping and photovoice
in four case examples to determine which landscape elements students prefer and why.
Ultimately, the study seeks to uncover the reasons behind students' landscape preferences.
Brief findings are that students prefer outdoor spaces near the college building that provide
greenery, shade and comfort, safety and activity, informality, vibrancy, a sense of refuge, good
views, and a comfortable atmosphere overall. By using inductive analysis techniques and
visual content analysis, the data was examined. The data was analysed by finding the relation
between the highlighted similar words from descriptions and spaces, to determine the
significance of the connections between landscape features and students.

References:
1 Bodur, H. O., Tirtiroglu, D., & Dimanche, F. (2023, January). Augmenting places: The impact of
placemaking on behavioural intentions. City Culture and Society, Elsevier (17 January 2023)
2. Friedmann, J. (2010, August 02). Place and Place-Making in Cities: A Global Perspective. Planning
Theory & Practice, Vol. 11, No. 2 (June 2010), 149–165. Online. 10.1080/14649351003759573
3. Guthey, G. T., Whiteman, G., & Elmes, M. (2014). Place and Sense of Place. Journal of Management
Inquiry.
4. Kaheneko, O. (2021). Research on Application of Natural Light in Modern Architecture Design. Beijing
Jiaotong University.
5. Kulkarni, A. M., & Garud, D. A. (2022). Architecture education. In Built Environment and Beyond:
Theory and Practice (pp. 115-123).
6. Little, S. (2020, September 8). Engaging Youth in Placemaking: Modified Behaviour Mapping.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(18)
7. Lynch, K. (1990). Image of the City. The M.I.T. Press.
8. Marx, J. (n.d.). Emotional Meaning: The Intangible of Architecture. THE ARCHITECT’S NEWSPAPER,
CA/MW_03_24_32_SL.indd (MARCH 25, 2015), 8.
9. Nykiforuk, C. I. J., Vallianatos, H., & Nieuwendyk, L. M. (2011). Photovoice as a Method for Revealing
Community Perceptions of the Built and Social Environment. International Journal of Qualitative Methods,
10(2), 103-124.

7
 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Application of indigenous craft in theme-based restaurants in Pune

Aniket Shinde – B.K.P.S. College of Architecture, SPPU, Pune
Pradnya Patki – B.K.P.S. College of Architecture, SPPU, Pune
Email: aniketshinde1671@[Link], pradnyapatki@[Link]

Abstract
India is gifted with wide range of crafts all over the country. An understanding of a region's
microclimate, user base, geography and character is aided by a native craft from that region.
This is one of the reasons why India is a nation, rich in talent and craftsmanship, stands out
on the global stage for its distinctive blend of art, craft, and architecture. Unfortunately, in
today’s rapidly growing world, where mass production and time consumption play big role.
The craft is lagging behind due to its time-consuming process, resources and personalization.
Indigenous crafts have the ability to preserve a unique local identity despite the speed at which
the urbanization is happening. Promotion and awareness of craft is more meaningful if it starts
from public place. Since food is the daily basic need of each individual, restaurants are
suitable public place with huge footfall. Various traditional and vernacular method of
construction is also observed which go hand in hand with craft. This research intends to study
the application of indigenous crafts in restaurants in Pune. Sample size selected for this case
study is 8 restaurants from Pune. Methodology used for the study is case study based,
observation mapping and interview. The data collected and findings would be analysed in the
percentage of application of indigenous craft in categories of structural (theme based)
application, furniture application, artifacts/installation application and material application.
And how this application type and percentage affects the ambience of restaurants. In this
research, the findings were theme-based restaurants uses artifacts and installation majorly to
create ambience. The materials used in restaurants are mostly available in Pune and the
restaurant design is done accordingly.

References:
1. Arora, R. (2015, january). Importance of Interior Decoration in Home. Journal of Civil Engineering and
Environmental Technology, 2(3), 219-220.
2. Dsouza, S. (2023). Luxebook.
3. Foyr. (2023, october 19). 7 Elements and Principles of Interior Design & Basic Concepts. Retrieved from
7 Elements and Principles of Interior Design & Basic Concepts.
4. Ghisleni, C. (2020). archdaily. What is Vernacular Architecture?
5. Government, H. (2023, october 10).
6. Interior, L. (2023, october 19).
7. merriam-webster. (2023).
8. Routh, R., Singh, N., & Shah, P. (2013). Real time inventory management visual survey of interior
architecture elements and space making crafts of gujarat, india. International Archives of the
Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences,, (pp. 534 - 542). Strasbourg, France.
9. Roy, S. (2018). Ups and Downs of Restaurant Industry in India. bdtask webpage.
10. Roy, S. (2021). bdtask. Ups and Downs of Restaurant Industry in India.
11. Thakkar, J. (2016). Re-defining Building Crafts : A holistic approach. DICRC CEPT University.

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Resilience in Safety and Security in Urban Parks Through Defensible

Landscape Architecture Approach
Luvditya Khurana – School of Planning & Archiecture, New Delhi
Kuldeep Kumar – School of Planning & Archiecture, New Delhi
Devendra Pratap Singh – School of Planning & Archiecture, New Delhi
Sushil Kumar Solanki – School of Planning & Archiecture, New Delhi
Email: lkurana@[Link], kkumar9@[Link], dpsingh2@[Link],
sushilsolanki@[Link]

Abstract
Urban parks are vulnerable to criminal activities, with a significant portion of the affected
population lacking awareness of the correlation between crime and the built environment.
Despite being vital components of urban life, these green spaces are often overlooked in
discussions surrounding crime prevention and public safety. This paper focuses on the
investigation of the susceptibility of urban parks to criminal activities, shedding light on a
critical aspect of the city’s social fabric wherein the assessment of the employed design
strategies plays a vital role. A research methodology has been developed leading to the
formulation of a comprehensive framework of design strategies that can be instrumental in
reducing the safety and security issues in urban parks, consequently reducing associated crime
rates. The methodology relies on an extensive analysis of secondary data from various
relevant sources including reports, journals, research papers, and case studies providing
various perspectives, insights, and quantitative data on current crime rates specific to urban
parks. It also highlights the crucial connection between the creation of aesthetically pleasing
environments and their impact on safety. Further, user experience and perception are the key
aspects of this research, wherein inputs have been gathered from numerous concerned
respondents of various age groups. The analysis employs Crime Prevention Through
Environmental Design (CPTED) principles, focusing on natural surveillance, access control,
territorial reinforcement, and maintenance. The findings reveal a gap in the current design
strategies for urban parks, particularly in addressing open-park security, wherein the
effectiveness of landscape components and defensive techniques at various security levels
within urban parks has been underlined. It is imperative that by understanding the symbiotic
relationship between landscape design and safety components, the study recommends an
indispensable harmony to not only reduce crime but also preserve the intrinsic essence of the
surrounding environment.

References:
1. Banerjee, T., (2001). ‘The Future of Public Space - Beyond Invented Streets and Reinvented Places’. APA
journal, 76(1).
2. Chatterjee, S., (2014). ‘Problems Faced by LGBT People in the Mainstream Society: Some
Recommendations’. International Journal of Interdisciplinary and Multidisciplinary Studies (IJIMS).
3. Garau, P., (2015). ‘Global Public Space Toolkit - From Global Principles to Local Policies and Practice’.
4. Gohain, M., (2017). ‘JNU students remove CCTV cams in protest, India: The Times of India.

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

A Study of Architectural Evolution of Houses in Shillong

Ajay Kumar Vinodia – School of Planning & Archiecture, Bhopal
Sudarshan Saikia – School of Planning & Archiecture, Bhopal
Email: saikiass69@[Link], profakvinodia@[Link]

Abstract
Nestled among the picturesque hills of Meghalaya, Shillong has witnessed a captivating
journey in its architectural landscape. This research paper unveils the fascinating tale of
Shillong's houses, evolving from the traditional Khasi dwellings, transitioning through the
colonial-era Assam-type structures, to the modern homes that grace its hills today. Shillong,
a gem in India's northeast, is a city of natural splendours. Imagine lush greenery, moderate
weather, and a cultural vibrancy that mirrors the diverse fabric of its people. At the heart of
this beauty lie the traditional Khasi houses, gracefully curved like overturned boats, reflecting
a harmonious blend of shelter and nature. Resilient and earthquake-resistant, these homes
embody the age-old wisdom of the Khasi people, rooted in a deep connection with their
surroundings. The colonial era brought winds of change, especially after the seismic shake-
up of 1897. In response, Assam-type houses with wooden frames and floors became part of
Shillong's narrative. Guided by a Japanese architect's vision, this marked a departure from
tradition, weaving colonial influences into the city's architectural fabric. Fast forward to
today, and Shillong's skyline is a harmonious blend of tradition and modernity. The houses
tell a contemporary tale, embracing technology and sustainability. From sleek, modern
designs to eco-friendly structures, Shillong's homes now echo the aspirations and dynamism
of its residents. This research peels back the layers of time, unveiling Shillong's architectural
evolution. From the cultural embrace of Khasi houses to the assimilation of Assam-type
structures during the colonial period and, finally, to the modern homes that dot the hills today,
each phase reflects not just a change in design but a story of Shillong's spirit and how it has
evolved over the period. Through this exploration, the research sheds light on the dynamic
interplay between architecture, history, and culture, offering a glimpse into the ever-changing
identity of Shillong as mirrored in its homes.

References:
1. CK. Nayak, 2021, What Once Was: Old Assembly Building of Shillong, The Shillong Times, March 14
2. Dahunsi, B. I. O. (2008). Earthquake resistant characteristics of traditional Khasi houses in Shillong, India.
WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment. 113
3. Gurdon, P.R.T. The Khasis, the project Gutenberg E book. [Link]. 117p. 2004.
4. Kaushik, Hemant & S., Ravindra. (2012). “Assam-type House”, World Housing Encyclopaedia Report No.
154, Published by Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI), USA and International Association for
Earthquake Engineering (IAEE), Japan.
5. Kaushik, Hemant: Chand, Biswajit & Das, Sandip. (2020). Material Characterization of Traditional
Assam-Type Wooden Houses in Northeastern India, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, Volume 32,
Issue 12
6. Mawrie, L.H.O. The Challenge of Destiny

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

The Science of Temple Geometry

Lokesh MM – School of Architecture and Planning, Anna University-
Chennai
Email: mmlokesh7@[Link]

Abstract
Temples are known and to a greatest extent proven to be a meditative space where people
experience a sense of calmness, a medicinal place to cure illness, and so on. Almost every
ritual is believed to have a purpose, both in areas of faith and in aspects of physical being.
The built form along with these rituals manifests temples as centres of energy, cosmology,
health, science, social life, and more. The science of temples developed and evolved over
thousands of years of research, subsequently fading into obscurity and neglect. We can
experience and obtain the knowledge, intelligence, and power that these structures were built
for by understanding the logic and science of Indian temples. The temples were constructed
according to precise geometrical specifications given in antient literature. These guidelines
are so specific that one must choose to design within the extensive framework which doesn’t
allow scope for individual exploration establishing the fact that these structures should be
crafted with careful precision. This paper will explore the planning principles of the built form
and the extent of the significance of it in relation with the science of these structures.

References:
1. Datta, Sambit. "Infinite sequences in the constructive geometry of tenth-century Hindu temple
superstructures." Geometries of Rhetoric (2010): 471-483.
2. Geva, Anat, and Anuradha Mukherji. "A Study of Light/Darkness in Sacred Settings: Digital Simulations."
International journal of architectural computing 5.3 (2007): 507-521.
3. Gokhale, Vasudha A. "Architectural heritage and seismic design with reference to indian temple
architecture." Proc. of 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, BC, Canada. 2004.
4. Gunasagaran, Sujatavani. A Study On Hindu Temple Planning, Construction And The Vaastu. 2002.
5. Kumar, Itagi Ravi, N. V. C. Swamy, and H. R. Nagendra. "Effect of pyramids on microorganisms." (2005).
6. Linse, Pat, et al. "The Mystery of the Pyramids." Skeptic (Altadena, CA) 8.2 (2000): 97-97.
7. Mercay, Jessie J. "Fabric of The Universe: The Origins, Implications, and Applications of Vastu Science."
(2008).
8. Mukherji, Anuradha. The Holy Light: A Study of Natural Light in Hindu Temples in the Southern Region
of Tamilnadu, India. Diss. Master Thesis, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 2001.
9. Narayan, Roopa Hulikal. "Indian cosmological ideas." arXiv preprint arXiv:0705.1192 (2007).
10. Oijevaar, K. J. "The South Indian Hindu temple building design system-On the architecture of the Silpa
Sastra and the
Dravida style." Netherlands: Delft University of Technology (2007).
11. Pandit Ji Banaras wale. “Why Indian Hindu Temples Heads are Aerodynamic Shape”
[Link], 2013
12. Pfluger, Rainer, and Kai Längle. "Minimal Invasive Ventilations Systems with Heat Recovery for
Historic Buildings." Conference Proceedings of CLIMA 2013. 2013.
13. Ragima NR (2019). “The Proportioning System of the Mandapas as a Tool for Analyzing Indian Temple
Architecture: The Case Study of Kandaria Mahadev Temple, Khajuraho & Ashapuri Temples of India”
International Research Journal of Architecture and Planning.
14. Ramachandran, Ragima N. "Mandapa: Its Proportion as a tool in Understanding Indian Temple
Architecture."

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Listening to Markets: Exploring Soundscape Impacts on People in

Trivandrum Marketplaces
Manasi Maneksh – College of Engineering Trivandrum, Trivandrum,
Kerala.
Aparna Sathish – College of Engineering Trivandrum, Trivandrum,
Kerala.
Email: tve19ar027@[Link], [Link]@[Link]

Abstract
Marketplaces, with their diverse names like "street market, flea markets, periodical market,
weekly market, bazaar, public market, traditional market," create a vibrant soundscape shaped
by the lively symphony of human-generated sounds. In the vibrant fabric of Trivandrum's
traditional markets - Palayam, Connemara Market, and Pettah Market - this symphony of
sounds and cultural expressions shape the urban landscape. This research navigates the
complex interplay between market soundscapes, the cultural identity they embody and the
impacts it has on society.
Markets, often bustling and loud, encompass various sounds that contribute to their unique
atmosphere. It is crucial to discern which sounds evoke a positive impact on individuals to
safeguard and preserve the cultural essence of these markets. By studying people's responses
to market sounds, we aim to unravel the nuances of their experiences, contributing to a more
effective understanding of the overall market-going experience.
This research employs a dual methodology, combining quantitative sound pressure level
measurements and perceptual surveys with 40 samples at each site. Results underscore the
undeniable cultural significance of market soundscapes in fostering a sense of place and
community identity. However, amidst the vibrant tapestry, the study unearths the presence of
discordant notes, highlighting negative sounds that intrude upon the auditory identity. This
dichotomy emphasizes a critical need to curate market soundscapes, preserving cultural
richness while addressing and mitigating undesirable elements. The study contributes to the
broader discourse on harmonizing cultural preservation with the evolving needs of a dynamic
society in the context of urban planning.

References:
1. Fiebig, A., & Gander, P. (2014). Sonic Placemaking: Three approaches and ten attributes for the creation
of enduring urban sound art installations. In Organised Sound.
2. Gök Tokgöz, A., & Fiebig, A. (2022). Soundscape Research in Multicultural Market Areas: Example of
Berlin Kreuzberg.
3. Guo, F., Kang, J., & Luo, P. (2018). Effect of soundscape dimensions on acoustic comfort in urban open
public spaces.
4. Herrera, R., et al. (2020). The Effects of Marketplaces on the Spatial Variability of the Urban Soundscape:
A Multicase Study in the Department of Cauca (Colombia).
5. ISO. (2014). ISO 12913-1:2014(en) Acoustics — Soundscape — Part 1: Definition and conceptual
framework.

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Santhal tribal houses evolving in context to their unique sociocultural

identity and prevailing climate
Janmejoy Gupta –School of Planning & Architecture, Vijayawada

Abstract
Santhals are one of the largest ethnic groups in India, spread across three states of India,
Jharkhand, West Bengal and Odisha. They are a culturally expressive tribe and are well-
known for their skilful dance forms, music as well as their aesthetic but simple artistic designs
and patterns on the walls of their huts. Their vernacular dwellings are expressions of their
cultural richness, as well as responding to the prevailing hot tropical climate. This paper
discusses the ways in which Architecture of the Santhal tribe is reflective of their cultural
ethos, prevailing climatic conditions and their unique aesthetic senses. The ways in which
their building planning principles and building materials used are contextual to culture and
climate is explored.
The architectural styles followed by the Santhal tribes in East Singhbhum district in Jharkhand
and Purulia district in West Bengal both falling under ‘Warm-Humid’ climate as per National
Building Code, 2016 Climate Classification, is discussed. Apart from culture and climate,
how their daily activities have also impacted the evolution of their dwellings has also been
discussed.
The paper concludes after analysing the evolution of Santhal Architecture in context to culture
and climate and stresses the imperative need to preserve the architectural traditions of the
dwellings for their future generations of Santhal tribal population who migrate to urban areas
for education and occupation purposes. There is need to implement the same essence in
modern day residences by reinterpreting the vernacular principles in a contemporary manner
to make them more culturally and climatically contextual, which is reflective of the essence
to the ways of living and cultural ethos of the Santhal Tribes, at the same time being at par
with contemporary architectural standards and amenities.

References:
1. Archer, W.G., (1974), Illustrated edition: The hill of flutes: life, love and poetry in tribal India: a portrait
of the Santals, (London: Allen and Unwin Publishers), pp. 20-22.
2. Daripa, SK, International Journal of Research in Social Sciences, Vol. 8 Issue 2, February2018,ISSN:
2249-2496
3. National Building Code of India, (2016).
4. Bharat, G., (2014), An architectural history of Santals in East Singhbhum. Available online at:
[Link] (Accessed 12
January 2016).
5. Graham, Tony, (2004), Wattle and Daub: Craft, Conservation and Wiltshire Case Study : Adissertation
submitted to Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, University of Bath, UK.

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Community Engagement in the Development and Operation of Smart

City Mission: A Comparative Study of Two Cities
Nimisha – Independent Researcher
Neeti Trivedi – MIT School of Architecture, MIT ADTU, Pune
Email: [Link]@[Link], [Link]@[Link]

Abstract
Amidst the age of urban growth and technological progress, smart cities signify a
transformative change in urban planning by assimilating information and communication
technologies. India’s 2015 Smart City Mission aimed to promote cities with core
infrastructure, sustainability, and improved quality of life through smart solutions, driving
economic growth and inclusivity in 100 selected cities via comprehensive development across
social, economic, physical, and institutional pillars. Community engagement: one of the core
principles of the Smart Cities Mission, was inconsistent across the Mission’s cities; similar to
the uneven progress of UN’s SDGs in the cities despite the claims that 70% of the project
aligns with the goals. Effective community engagement is vital for considering diverse local
needs, fostering inclusivity, and ensuring the widespread benefits of smart city initiatives.
Ineffective community engagement could lead to Smart city Mission failure, as it jeopardizes
the fulfilment of one of the core principles.
The aim of the research is to investigate the role of community engagement in the planning,
implementation and functioning of smart cities in India, with a specific focus on a
comparative study of two cities – Pune and Indore. The intent of the study is to explore the
extent and nature of community involvement in the functional and operational aspects of the
smart city initiatives. The research will undertake mixed research methods to synthesise,
compare and analyse the data collected through formal and informal discussions with the
different stakeholders of the smart cities of Pune and Indore in India.
The paper will conclude by identifying practices of community engagement and challenges
of development and implementation faced in the two selected cities. The paper will contribute
to the growing body of knowledge on smart city development and provide practical insights
for stakeholders involved in the process of governance and planning.

References:
1. Agrawal, Ashish. (2018), Designing a Smart City Together, Big Bold Cities, Innovation, Date of Access:30
January 2024.
2. Asia News International, (26 August 2023), Indore: Denizens Celebrate with Sweets & Firecrackers as
Indore Bags 'National Smart City Award'. The Free Press Journal, Date of Access: 30 January 2024.
3. Axinn, William G, and Lisa D. Pearce, (25 September 2006), Mixed Method Data Collection Strategies
(Cambridge University Press: Social Science), 1-28.
4. Bagchi, Anwesha, Pune smart city infrastructure: did it succeed? Rethinking the future, City and
Architecture, Date Accessed: 30 January 2024.
5. Bakhtawar, Alsa, [Link]., (18 July 2022), Designing for a Healthier Indore, India: Participatory Systems
Mapping, Journal of Urban Health, Springer, 99(4), 749-759, Doi: 10.1007/s11524-022-00653-3

14
 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Sociability of the Public Realm - a tool for Social Sustainability

Aparna Sathish – Dept. of Architecture and Planning, College of
Engineering Trivandrum
Tina Pujara – Dept. of Architecture and Planning, IIT Roorkee.
Email: [Link]@[Link], [Link]@[Link]

Abstract
Social interaction and Communication, the two main components of Socialization, which is
the simplest element of communal living, are satisfied by any accessible common space, the
public realm. Urban Sociability has been identified as a phenomenon resultant of all the
interactions in a space, that people identify with and has a sense of belonging to, leading to
the existence of community connections. This suggests that the concept of urban sociability
entails stronger community life, sense of place and belonging, and local identity.
Social sustainability advocates empowerment of citizens; giving them voice, and a platform
to use it; a stable social structure with equitable access to resources, allowing them their
desired quality of life; and maintaining their cultural identity to enable sense of place, sense
of belonging and pride of citizenship.
The functions of creating identity in the space, generating a sense of place and belonging to
the space, flexibility and robustness, can be instrumental in enabling sustainability of the
space, effectively contributing to a socially sustainable society.
Literature establishes Sociability as the primary role of public space; an essential, life
enriching arena, providing opportunities for individuals and communities to develop. This
role of the public realm, of being sociable, has intimate links to the ideals of equitable and
universal access, inclusivity, and shared amenities. Also, past studies have shown clear
associations between these aspects and concepts of Social Sustainability.
A framework of analysis of Physical and Social parameters of the Sociability, that makes an
urban public space successful, sociable, and socially sustainable, has been developed through
mixed method research. In this paper, the framework is applied to a city centre plaza of the
city of Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, to suggest design guidelines that account for the
achievement of parameters of Social Sustainability through Sociability.

References:
1. Clare Cooper Marcus (Editor), C. F. (1997). People Places: Design Guidelines for Urban Open Space.
Wiley.
2. Emily Talen, C. E. (2002). Beyond relativism: Reclaiming the search for good city form. Journal of
Planning Education and Research, 36-49.
3. G. Bramley, N. D. (2009). Social sustainability and urban form: evidence from five British cities.
Environment and Planning, vol. 41, no. 9, pp. 2125-2142.
4. Gehl, J. (2011). Life between Buildings. Washington DC: Island Press.
5. [Link], L. (1998). The public realm: exploring the city’s quintessential social territory. New York:
Aldine de Gruyter.
6. HERNANDEZ, N. E. (1986). SOCIABILITY AND OUTDOOR URBAN OPEN SPACES. Kansas State
University Thesis.
7. Mehta, V. (2014). Evaluating Public Space. Journal of Urban Design, 53-88.

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Refurbishing Open Spaces through Infrastructural Urban Voids

considering the pandemic Circumstances
Prajakta R. Pawar – Shri J.J.T. University, Rajasthan, India
Email: prajaktapawar35@[Link]

Abstract
This research is focus on important benefits and values correlated to re-use of urban voids
which include environmental, social, historical, economic and visual benefits, important to
consider the re-use and redevelop the urban voids as a base and potential resources for future
urban development of the city. As there is rapid urbanization and population growth, the cities
are facing major challenges & dealing with these problems has become main political,
economic and social pressures on the cities. This is affecting the quality of life such as lack
of resources, limited open spaces and community spaces, environmental issues and overlook
of human dimension in development processes which results to failure in situations during
pandemic outbreak. With all of these glitches and experiences, it is necessary to search for
needful resources to improve these issues. Urban voids are one of the most essential key
resources and an expedient part of significant benefits that represent great opportunities for
development of the city. So, it should be accomplished to maximize its efficiency and decrease
any obstructive outcomes.

References:
1. Gehl, J., (2013) “Cities for people”, Island press. pp 9.
2. Lynch K. (1981) A Theory of Good City Form. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
3. Lina Martínez,John Rennie Short.,(2021),The Pandemic City: Urban Issues in the Time of COVID-19,
impact factor- 3.9
4. Priya Hingonekar, [Link] Sahay Kemkar, (2021), International Journal of Innovative Science and
Research Technology, Volume 6, Issue 1, ISSN No:-2456-2165
5. TRANCIK, (1986) finding lost spaces: Theories of Urban design
6. Sara Eltarabily, Dalia Elgheznawy,(2020), Architecture Research 2020, 10(3): 75-84
7. Ar. Harshada Katkar,(2021), civil Engineering and Urban Planning: An International Journal (CiVEJ)
Vol.8, No.1, March 2021

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Factors affecting the property values in an urban area

Sneh – Dept. of Architecture, DCRUS&T, Murthal, Sonipat
Manoj Panwar – Dept. of Architecture, DCRUS&T, Murthal, Sonipat
Email: [Link]@[Link], [Link]@[Link]

Abstract
Property value is a dynamic term that depends upon various parameters. Limited controlling
parameters of property value are present in individual literature, emphasizing the need for a
comprehensive list of parameters and their weighted importance. This paper focuses on
identifying factors affecting property values in urban areas and formulating a framework on
the relative weights of these parameters. A systematic literature review is done by short-listing
the papers using the PRISMA model. The literature search is done using "factors impacting
property values", "valuation factors of real estate and infrastructure", and "parameters of
property values" on Google Scholar, Research Gate, and Scopus databases. The literature
search is carried out for general, residential, and commercial properties. One hundred twenty
factors are identified through an exhaustive literature survey. These 120 parameters are then
reduced to 20 and assigned the weights using the Delphi technique with a 5-point Likert scale.
The experts for Delphi are drawn from academia and industry working in the real estate field,
including real estate consultants, developers, financiers, and policymakers. The study shows
that location and accessibility are the major factors that significantly impact property values.
This paper fills this gap in the literature, gives some executive implications, and finds out this
area for more comprehensive research on different real estate market sectors.

References:
1. Anantsuksomsri, S., & Tontisirin, N. (2015). The Impacts of Mass Transit Improvements on Residential
Land Development Values: Evidence from the Bangkok Metropolitan Region. Urban Policy and Research,
33(2), 195-216.
2. Bartholomew, K., & Ewing, R. (2011). Hedonic price effects of pedestrian- and transit-oriented
development. Journal of Planning Literature, 26(1), 18–34
3. Cao, K. and X. (Jason). (2010). Transitway Impacts Research Program The Hiawatha Line : Impacts on
Land Use and Residential Housing Value. In Center for Transportation Studies.
4. Ge, X. J., & Du, Y. (2007). Main variables influencing residential property values using the entropy
method – The case of Auckland. 5th International Structural Engineering and Construction Conference.
5. Golub, A., Guhathakurta, S., & Sollapuram, B. (2012). Spatial and Temporal Capitalization Effects of
Light Rail in Phoenix: From Conception, Planning, and Construction to Operation. Journal of Planning
Education and Research, 32(4), 415–429.
6. Gu, Y. (2011). The Impacts of Rail Transit on Property Values: Empirical Study in Beijing. SSRN
Electronic Journal, 60, 1–15.
7. Kong Raymond Tse Peter ED Love, H. Y., Tse Peter ED Love, R. Y., Chau, K., & Baldwin, G. (2000). The
effects of improvement in public transportation capacity on residential price gradient in Hong Kong. Journal
of Property Valuation and Investment, 18, 18–23
8. O, A. M., & O, A. O. (2013). Effects of Infrastructure on Property Values in Unity Estate, Lagos, Nigeria.
International Journal of Economy, Management and Social Sciences, 2(5), 195–201.

17
 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Economics of Spatial configuration: A conceptual framework for

tenanting decision of shopping malls
Sumanta Deb – Om Dayal Group of Institutions, Uluberia, Howrah,
West Bengal.
Sarbani Sarkar – IIEST Shibpur, Howrah, West Bengal.
Email: sumanta04@[Link], sarbanisa@[Link]

Abstract
In shopping malls, profit maximization is the objective of the developer as well as of the
individual tenant stores and this is achieved through tenanting decision making. Developers
of shopping malls normally follow some rules of thumb when deciding on store locations and
rent allocations within their properties and these strategic decisions often have far reaching
consequences on the economic success of the malls. The tenanting decisions (location and
area allocation of stores) are essentially spatial but have economic implications. The
competition among stores for location within planned shopping malls is of interest to
academic researchers in the field of marketing as well as to mall management professionals.
A designer’s perspective remains largely unexplored. This research attempts to bridge the
gap between retail management practices and architectural design. Retail researchers have
traditionally focused on the movement of customers within shopping centres and considered
metric distance as the only spatial aspect influencing rental and locational differences and the
take-aways have been targeted at retail professionals. Gate counts or customer density at a
particular location within the spatial configuration has been identified as a potential factor in
retail management literature for achieving profitability of individual tenant stores located
there and this has been explained through bid rent analysis. Movement has been widely
studied in the field of architecture and urban design. Movement depends on the accessibility
of a particular location which in turn is influenced by configuration of the built environment
and is measured through syntactic properties Gate counts, therefore, have been explained in
terms of spatial configurational variables by conducting VGA (Visibility Graph Analysis) and
agent-based simulation of virtual layouts of comparable mall typologies. Combining both the
findings, profitability of a tenant store can, therefore, be explained in terms of visuo-spatial
parameters: Through Vision (TV) and Metric Mean Shortest Path Angle (MMSPA). This
research integrates retail research wisdom and the knowledge of spatial configuration to
illustrate the efficacy of space design as a strategic decision-making tool, instead of just an
accommodator of functions.

References:
1. Abghari, M., & Hanzaee, K. H., 2011, Investigation of the Effects of Stores’ Tenant Mix and Internal and
External Environmental Conditions on Customer Satisfaction from Shopping Centres in Iran. International
Journal of Marketing Studies, 3(4): 158-164.
2. Alonso, W., 1964, Location and Land Use: Toward a General Theory of Land Rest (Cambridge University
Press).

18
 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Exploring the significance of Multi-sensory Architecture

Yoginder – D. C. R. University of Science & Technology Murthal
Ar. Divya Khatri – D. C. R. University of Science & Technology Murthal
Satpal – D. C. R. University of Science & Technology Murthal
Email: nimbhoriavikas@[Link], divkhatri26@[Link],
[Link]@[Link]

Abstract
Most studies and researches on architecture focus on functionality and aesthetic elements of
space and conclude with various outcomes but the fact that architecture is a perceived
manifestation of the realm of existence of life is often ignored. Architecture is encountered,
understood, absorbed, perceived, and assessed by users through the inclusion of five human
senses which are vision, hearing, touch, taste, and smell. The focus of this research is to
understand and evaluate the detailed features of multisensory architecture and its huge
influence on spatial perception, the built environment and the relation between architecture,
the human body and memory. The aim is to study immersive spaces and elements that
harmoniously integrate visual, auditory, tactile, and environmental elements, fostering
heightened sensory experiences and emotional connections. The research aims to study the
influence of multi-sensory architecture on human brain and understand the relationship
between memory and sensory experiences. The advancement of technologies continues to
evolve our interactions with our surroundings which further expands and makes the study of
multisensory architecture important for us. Since research on modern architecture focuses on
the importance of multimodal design, the in-depth analysis of importance of multisensory
elements in built environment and their impact on human perception is still missing. This
study is done to fill that void by understanding multisensory perception and the relationship
between built environment and human perception. The study contributes to the potential of
future of multisensory architecture. The objective of the research is to understand
multisensory design principles in detail, to evaluate multisensory experiences, to understand
cultural and contextual considerations, to understand user centered design, to understand
relationship between memory and sensory experiences, and to understand merge of different
senses. The study aims to examine current trends, technologies, and innovative approaches.
To achieve these objectives, the research involves a diverse methodology. Some questionnaire
surveys are done to capture the subjective experiences related to multisensory architectural
elements across various built environments. A comprehensive review of existing research is
done to gather theoretical foreground. Case studies are done to extract examples and physical
insights from the real world. This research proceeds to a conclusive understating of
multisensory architecture, spatial perception, human experience in a built environment and
the relationship between architecture and memory.

References:
1. Adler. (1968). Sensory Architecture_ Beyond Appearances.
2. Arnheim. (1998). The Expression and Composition of Color. Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism
3. Bellizi. (1993). The two-dimensional impact of color on shopping.

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Re-evaluating the Public Buildings in the Post-Pandemic Era

Sangeetha Reghunath – School of Planning & Archiecture, New Delhi
Nirmala – School of Planning & Archiecture, New Delhi
Satpal – School of Planning & Archiecture, New Delhi
Email: sangeethareghunath01@[Link], [Link]@[Link]

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused a significant shift in how public building spaces were used.
As public health concerns took priority and social distancing measures were enforced, public
buildings, historically the quintessential hubs of social interaction, cultural activities, and
economic vitality, were abruptly transformed. As a result, the usual design and use of public
building spaces must be thoroughly re-evaluated in the post-pandemic period. The issue at
hand is how to strike a balance between the fundamental worth of these places as drivers of
social, cultural, and economic vitality and the crucial demands of safety, flexibility, and
resilience in the face of upcoming public health catastrophes. The aim is to understand how
public building spaces should be designed and built to prioritize health and well-being, whilst
not sacrificing their sociability. The research begins by looking at the growth of architectural
paradigms of public building designs from the pre-pandemic era to the current issues given
by the global health crisis. The scope of the research is a post-pandemic reassessment of
existing public building spaces, with an emphasis on important design ideas, user experiences,
and strategies for future architectural designs. This research examines the vulnerabilities
highlighted by the pandemic in current public buildings. It provides new design solutions to
overcome these vulnerabilities such as circulation routes, and seating arrangements, to
prioritize health and safety features in their designs and spatial layouts to provide a safe
spacing and environment to people. For a wider range of research, literature review design
strategies by various international organizations such as American Institute of Architects
(AIA), Perkins and Will, Model of Architecture Serving Society (MASS) design groups, and
case studies of Design District Canteen, London, UK constructed in 2021, Metaverse Work
Pod, South Korea constructed in 2022, The office cum factory, Ahmedabad constructed in
2022 and The Olifant Café, Indonesia constructed in 2022. In addition to above, the design
strategies for hospital buildings in the post-pandemic era are also discussed to prioritize health
and wellbeing that integrates biophilic design, cross ventilation, natural light, indoor air
quality, modular construction, hygienic building materials, and other architectural design
considerations. The research concludes to create resilient, adaptable, and inclusive public
building spaces that can withstand challenges by integrating flexible design principles,
modern technologies and architectural guidelines.

References:
1. Ateek, G. (n.d.). Future of Sustainable Architecture: Rethinking COVID-19
2. Fezi, B. A. (n.d.). HEALTH ENGAGED ARCHITECTURE IN THE CONTEXT OF COVID-19
3. Gokhale, V. A., & Ogale, S. (2023). Perspectives on Challenges and Opportunities for Architecture and
Planning Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic.

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Impact of Geometrical shape of public spaces on perceived safety of

user group in Case of Bhilai, Chhattisgarh
Aditya Roy – School of Planning & Archiecture, Vijayawada, Andhra
Pradesh
Deepak Kumar – School of Planning & Archiecture, Vijayawada,
Andhra Pradesh
Email: adityaroy667@[Link], deepak@[Link]

Abstract
Safety is considered to be a key factor in determining the quality of public life in public
spaces. In cities and towns, public spaces serve as the backdrop for daily activities as well as
community life. Safety is determined by a visual and physical connection, physical condition
and maintenance, lighting quality, surveillance measures, criminal activities, traffic, and other
factors. The impact of the geometrical shape of public space on safety has not been
investigated till now. In the case of planned and designed neighbourhood townships, the
geometrical shape of public spaces can be categorized into three basic forms: Square, Circle,
and Triangle. The research aims to analyse the impact of only geometrical shapes on safety in
public spaces. Three public spaces of different geometrical shapes identified in Bhilai;
Chhattisgarh have been taken for the study. The study is divided into three categories in which
data-driven analysis, systematic observation, and subjective judgments are followed
extensively. The comparative analysis and results have been achieved through indexing
various parameters of safety as per available literature. Through index rating, the result has
been achieved as such that the rectangular shape public space is safer than the triangular shape
public space followed by the circular shape. The study concludes with recommendations that
the geometrical shape of public space influences the safety quotient and needs to be explored
further by similar studies on other shapes as well as sizes in other cities.

References:
1. Anderson, J. M., MacDonald, J. M., Bluthenthal, R., & Ashwood, J. S. (2013). Reducing crime by shaping
the built environment with zoning: an empirical study of Los Angeles. University of Pennsylvania Law
Review, 161(3), 699–756.
2. Austin, D., & Sanders, C. (2007). Graffiti and perceptions of safety: A pilot study using photographs and
survey data. Journal of Criminal Justice and Popular Culture, 14(4), 292–316.
3. Carr, S., M. Francis, L. G. Rivlin, and A. M. Stone. (1992). Public Space. (New York: Cambridge
University Press).
4. Cattell, V., Dines, N., Gesler, W., & Curtis, S. (2008). Mingling, observing, and lingering: Everyday public
spaces and their implications for well-being and social relations. Health and Place,
14(3), 544–561.
5. Cozens, P., & Love, T. (2015). A Review and Current Status of Crime Prevention through Environmental
Design (CPTED). Journal of Planning Literature, 30(4), 393–412.
6. Jacobs, J. (1961). The Peculiar Nature of Cities. Vintage Books a Division of Random House, Inc.
New York, 1–23.
7. Krier, R. (1975). Rob Krier - Urban [Link] (p. 174).
8. Mehta, V. (2014). Evaluating Public Space. Journal of Urban Design, 19(1), 53–88.

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Effect of the Pune Metro on its Influence Zones

Vedika Kulkarni – Nanavati College of Architecture, Pune
Vaishali Anagal – Nanavati College of Architecture, Pune
Email: vedikamk@[Link]

Abstract
Since the establishment of the Pune Metro project, sources have mentioned shifts in the urban
paradigm of the city of Pune. Roads and consequently the transportation has been diverted
and residents along the proposed metro lines have been impacted in the course of
development. Architects and designers have been confronted with several questions regarding
development in areas near the metro station following its construction. Introduction of an
elaborate transport line that can cut through city traffic, affordable to the less privileged and
convenient for office workers has paved the way for transportation and economic
development in Pune. This leads to the question of how an opportunity as impactful as the
Pune Metro project can be exercised for the benefit of the city dwellers. Allowance of greater
FSI and TDR purchase has permitted the construction of taller, more spacious properties
however mere increase in FSI does not solve the problem entirely- there are several legal and
configurative constraints that require consideration. Although the cognitive footprint of the
metro construction on the inhabitants in Pune is greater, this paper focuses on the impact of
this transit-oriented development on property rates, rental values and redevelopment
prospects. For the purpose of this research, Anand Nagar, Ruby Hall and PCMC metro stations
and their respective influence zones have been selected. In order to achieve the proposed aim,
interviews have been conducted with consenting architects, developers and brokers working
on projects falling under these “influence zones”- influence zones are areas that are contained
in a 500-meter radius from the metro station. Additionally, field study and informal
discussions with shopkeepers alongside the metro line has helped understand the rental value
and redevelopment scenario of the areas closest to the station. The development plan of the
Pune Municipal Corporation has been used to compare on site observations and the original
proposed land use of the individual areas to confirm the same. The settlement pattern of Pune
city is dense and introducing a metro line has added to the narrowing of major roads that run
through it. Redevelopment has peaked considerably in efforts to commercialize the streets
adjoining the service line. Currently, Pune is experiencing a change in land use and surge in
redevelopment in order to provide a better lifestyle to its residents. This has led to a rise in
the property rates, rental values and general requirement of the public. The station being the
main accessible point, the impact is greatest at distances between 200 and 350 meters and
perceivers at distances under 500 meters. Hedonic pricing is observed between the ranges of
200 to 350 meters and continues up to 500 meters with respect to the location of the station.
This study emphasizes solely on the effect of the metro station, it does not heed to the existing
neighbouring amenities.

References:
1. PMC website (2023), City Overview (Learn more about your city)
2. World Population Review, (2023), Pune Population.

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Exploring the Impact of Tourism on Rural Settlements and Vernacular

Identity: A case study of Mawlynnong, India
Ibynta Bakmen Tiewsoh – School of Planning & Archiecture, New Delhi
Priyaleen Singh – School of Planning & Archiecture, New Delhi
Email: ibynta@[Link], [Link]@[Link]

Abstract
The Tourism industry is one of the significant economic drivers in Meghalaya, India. The
State Government has taken a keen interest in developing tourism and expects the industry to
grow by ten percent every year and the projected tourist footfall is set to be 20 lakhs annually
by 2028. The main points of interest are the natural landscapes and cultural heritage which
are spread out in the rural areas. Rural tourism is a type of tourism where the visitor is given
a range of nature-based activities, rural culture, and sightseeing. It is a branch of tourism,
which is looked at as an approach to uplift the rural areas and make them self-sustainable.
Among the popular rural destinations, Mawlynnong, a traditional village which had earned
the distinction of being one of “the cleanest village in Asia”, has garnered a lot of tourist
attention and footfall. Due to an increased interest in the place and accessibility, the village is
transforming itself to cater to the influx and demands of tourism. The facilities, infrastructure
and way of life have relatively improved, and there are visible changes and marked differences
in the rural spatial patterns and the village settlement layout. The constant inflow of visitors
is inadvertently leading to the rural setting being redeveloped, redefined and to an extent being
reshaped. From the traditional form of construction which is being replaced with concrete
buildings to a large portion of society being directly or indirectly involved in tourism and
moving away from the generational sources of livelihood. The close relationship between
traditions and the rural setting is changing over time. With the arrival of tourism, along with
the settlement changes, there is impact on the sociocultural, environmental, and economic
aspects. Therefore, the vernacular character of the place is experiencing a perceptible shift in
its identity. This paper will explore the effects of rural tourism on the traditional culture, social
fabric, and the transformation of a village. The methodology employed is mapping and
documentation to analyse the settlement, interviews were held with different stakeholders and
the local administration to understand managing tourism, rural development along with
heritage preservation.

References:
1. Hazra, G., (2018), Indian Tourism: Present and Future Scenarios, Annals of Art, Culture & Humanities,
Vol. III, Issue II.
2. Laskar, B.A., (2020), A Study on The Tourism Industry Of North East India With Reference To Its Recent
Growth And Revenue Generation, International Journal of Management, Vol 11, Issue 10.
3. World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), 2023, Tourism and Rural Development: A Policy Perspective.
Published by the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Madrid, Spain, 2023 pp. 11.
4. Government of India (2023). Initiatives Implemented to Enhance Tourism Promotion. Press Information
Bureau.
5. Ministry of Tourism (2021). National Integrated Database of Hospitality Industry.

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Locational attribute as the paradigm of urban form and water shaping

the native Indian settlements
Narinderjit Kaur – Dept. of Architecture and Planning, IIT Roorkee, Uttarkhand
Uttam Kumar Roy – Dept. of Architecture and Planning, IIT Roorkee, Uttarkhand
Email: nkaur@[Link], ukroyfap@[Link]

Abstract
Traditional and native Indian settlements have showcased a unique way for the selection of
geographical location. It is as a paradigm of urban form and the inherent practices of water
conservation such as sufficing the water needs of the settlements. They were either in the
vicinity of river-valley (surface water) along with great water tanks or artificial wetlands,
lakes, ponds, bunds and use of natural depression to form water tanks for the water needs.
The research paper’s principal objective is to explore the idea of geographical location as a
static paradigm for Rajputana settlements and establish the fact that water needs were one of
the parameters in the fore-front. Polarity existed in native settlements of Rajputana towns with
focus on the civic zones or royal zones in the physical form and the need of water as the
pertinent source for survival. Further settlements were planned in altitudinal vertical levels,
tiers with a defined upper town (citadel), a middle town (optional in few cases) and a lower
town, typical typology across Rajputana. The water tanks with necessary bunds were
primarily in the vicinity of these vertical tiers. This feature acted as the key to water
infrastructural needs. The methodology explored is comprehensive case study analysis to find
out the fundamental answers to the quest. Precinct area/ heritage zone settlement data shall
be evaluated upon w.r.t heritage town boundary and the water source used in the initiation of
the settlement. Water resource vicinity was one of the defined causal considerations in
development of urban forms in planned native towns of India in Rajputana region during 12th
to 18th Century. This principle of urban form in native towns is still relevant with the social,
cultural, environmental and political factors even for today’s context as water source is the
nirvana of any planned settlement.

References:
1. Agarwal, A., & Narain, S. (1992). Traditional Systems of Water Harvesting and Agroforestry. India
International Centre Quarterly, 19(1/2), 221–229.
2. Akhilendra B. Gupta, Renu Jain, K. G. (1999). Water quality management for the Talkatora Lake, Jaipur -
A case study. Water Science and Technology, 40(2), 29–33. [Link]
1223(99)00427-8.
3. B.B Dutta. (1925). Town planning in Ancient India (p. 414). Thacker, Spink & Co’.
4. Ching, F. D. . (2011). A Global History of Architecture. In V. P. Francis D.K. Ching, Mark M. Jarzombek
(Ed.), A Global History of War (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [Link]
5. Deshpande, S. S., & Shinde, V. (2006). Development of Urbanization in the Mewar Region of Rajasthan,
India in the Middle of Third Millennium BC.
6. Jain, S. (2011). Indian Heritage Cities Network: Walking into the Microcosm of Jaipur.

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Escalation of Architecture Towards Biomimicry

Aleena Hanna Biju – Dept. of DA&P, Sharda University, Greater Noida
Nikhat Parvez – Dept. of DA&P, Sharda University, Greater Noida
Email: [Link]@[Link]

Abstract
Sustainability being the main focus of building design is collaborating for better results to
achieve or built nature into life to reduce the problems face by the humankind. The solution
to the issue was to adopt the concept of life of living beings into building design. So, they
came up with the term Biomimicry which involve the nature itself to be the function of the
structure. The use of advanced technology in Biomimicry increased the result to enhance
ecological sustainability towards the new way of living within the limits of the environment
and they even adjust to the obstacles in climatic changes. Shaping the structure, inspired from
nature, by mimicking the adaptive strategies to gain new sustainable solutions and energy
efficiency techniques.
The analysis states that the focus of inspiration was to mimic the function of the organisms
into the structure by concentrating on the aesthetic design approaches and strategical
solutions.
The paper aims to focus the biomimetic approach towards architecture linking different
biomimetic approaches to adapt the climatic changes by referring the case studies and finding
the sustainable approaches and passive thermoregulation in different climatic zones.
Qualitative methods are used as the data collection. The research paper shows the descriptive
analysis methods to prove the effects of nature in structure and urban life to create
environment conscious and energy-efficient design. It concludes that integrating the
principles of biomimicry can give enormous outcomes to the structure or for the life.

References:
1. Dash, S.P. (2018). Application in biomimicry in building design. International Journal of Civil
Engineering and Technology, 9(2).
2. Mirniazmandan, S. & Rahimianzarif, E. (2017). Biomimicry, an approach towards Sustainability of high-
rise buildings. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering, 42.
3. Wahhab, K. A. & Rizko, N.J. (2022). The role of biomimicry in producing sustainable Architecture. ISVS
e-journal, 9(5).
4. Hafizi, N. & Karimnazhad, M. (2022). Biomimetic architecture towards bio inspired adaptive envelopes:
in case of plant inspires concept generation. International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability.
5. Yetkin, E. G. (2021). Effects of biomimicry on architecture. European Journal of Natural Sciences and
Medicine, 4(2),
6. AlAli, M., Mattar, Y., Alzaim, M. H. & Beheiry, S. (2023). Application of biomimicry in architecture,
construction and civil engineering. Biomimetics, 8.
7. Uchiyama, Y., Blanco, E. & Kohsaka, R. (2020). Application of biomimetics to architectural and urban
design: a review across scales. Sustainability, 12.
8. Golkar, N., Sadeghpour, A. & Divandari, J. (2021). Drawing inspiration from the spine, designing a
pedestrian bridge. Journal of Architecture and Urbanism, 45(2).
9. ElDin, N. N., Abdou, A, ElGawad. I., A. (2016). Biomimetic Potentials for Building Envelope Adaptation
in Egypt. IEREK, 34.

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Examining Temples in the Footsteps of Shree Rama

Nidhi Dhiraj – RV College of Architecture
Email: nidhidhiraj1@[Link]

Abstract
This report highlights the socio-cultural and religious impact of the ancient temples of
Rameshwaram that have been erected as a symbol of the journey of Lord Rama and specific
incidents from the Valmiki Ramayana that have taken place in these geographies, on its
residents as well as pilgrims. In order to fulfil this aim, two important religious structures
have been studied, the Ramar Patham (இராமர் பாதம் ) and the Kothanda Ramar Temple
or the Kothandaramaswamy Temple (க ோ ாதண் டோராமசுோ ாமி க ோ ாவில் ),
primarily due to the stark contrasts in their geographies, topographies, and the similar methods
of construction in order to preserve itself for generations to come. The sacred coast of
Dhanushkodi has been studied to understand the significance of not only the Hindu but also
the Christian communities that thrive there. Further, the type of settlements around these
temples and their livelihoods have been discussed in brief to shed light on the faith and
devotion of the residents of Rameshwaram.

References:
1. Krishna Dharma, (2000), Ramayana: India’s Immortal Tale of Adventure, Love, and Wisdom.
2. Ami Ganatra, (2022), Ramayana Unravelled: lesser-known facets of Rishi Valmiki’s Epic.
3. Prasanna Kumar Acharya, (1934), A Dictionary of Hindu Architecture
4. N. Vanamamalai Pillai, (1929), The Setu and Rameshwaram
5 The Holy Bible, King James Version
6. Valmiki Ramayana- Yuddha Kanda, Sanskrit documents, Date of access:26/01/2024.
7. Bible Verses
8. Rameshwaram tourism
9. South India Tour

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Unleashing Potential: Transformative Architecture and Habitat for

Innovation Tomorrow
Sanchita Chanda – MURP, IIEST Shibpur, Howrah, West Bengal, India
Avinash Bhagat – MURP, IIEST Shibpur, Howrah, West Bengal, India
Email: sanchitachanda96@[Link], avinash.arch6@[Link]

Abstract
Amidst the relentless global Climate Crisis, innovative solutions are imperative to confront
the multifaceted challenges presented by a shifting climate. This study delves into the pivotal
role of Transformative Architecture and Habitat in addressing the expansive impacts of
climate change, with a specific focus on climate-responsive design, sustainable
methodologies, and community involvement. Insights are gleaned from South Asian nations
grappling with severe climate-related adversities, ranging from floods to extreme weather
occurrences.
Transformative architecture, deeply rooted in adaptability and sustainability, endeavors to
revolutionize urban landscapes. Extending this ethos, Transformative Habitat aims to craft
living environments that prioritize wellbeing, sustainable lifestyles, and community cohesion.
The legacy of Architect Geoffrey Bawa's Tropical Modernism stands as an exemplary model,
seamlessly integrating indigenous materials to address specific climatic nuances, thereby
curbing energy emissions and enriching livability. Contributions by thought leaders like Dr.
Ian Davis and Charles Parrack underscore the importance of community empowerment and
the enduring impact of shelter interventions, aligned with climate resilience objectives.
Architects Mariana Tabassum, Rafiq Azam, and Yasmeen Lari showcase climate-responsive
solutions in Bangladesh and Pakistan, exemplifying affordable, eco-conscious structures
resilient to the impacts of climate change. Architect Christopher Charles Benninger's
intelligent urbanism in Thimphu, Bhutan, strikes a harmonious balance between urban
development and nature, while preserving cultural heritage, presenting a blueprint for climate-
adaptive cities.
In India, exemplars such as the Solar Passive Hostel in Jodhpur and Ladakh's passive solar
school demonstrate the efficacy of energy-efficient design employing locally available
materials.
In summary, transformative architecture and habitat, guided by sustainable tenets, local
wisdom, and community engagement, offer pioneering solutions to the exigencies of global
climate change. This research underscores the potential of climate-responsive designs and
sustainable practices in crafting resilient living environments.

References:
1. Climate Responsive Architecture of India: Diverse Weather, Diverse Techniques Climate Responsive
Architecture of India: Diverse Weather, Diverse Techniques - RTF | Rethinking The Future (re
[Link].
2. Ecopolis - Architecture and Cities for a Changing Climate Ecopolis - Google Books.
3. Spotlight: Geoffrey Bawa Spotlight: Geoffrey Bawa | ArchDaily
4. Geoffrey Bawa Trust Residencies Programme at the Druvi de Saram House Geoffrey Bawa
5. Marina Tabassum Architecture: My Journey Marina Tabassum Architecture: My Journey | ArchDaily

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Unexplored step wells A water treasure of the Vidarbha region

Mansi Kabra – Dept. of Arch., Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer,
Rajasthan
Vivekanand Tiwari – Dept. of Arch., Central University of Rajasthan,
Ajmer, Rajasthan
Email: parwalmansi@[Link], vivekanad@[Link]

Abstract
Some unique and traditional water management and conservation techniques, such as step
wells in India, have proven their effective and active presence at local and community levels.
Step wells, the vibrant and unique architectural form comprising monumental and medium-
sized wells, have been losing their importance due to the expansion of modern water
distribution systems. This results in inadequate and degraded drinking water sources in many
remote and rural regions of the country. With an appreciation of past utilities, understanding
the significance of these water sources for the present scenario is crucial for developing
sustainable and integrated water management practices. Step wells comprising the features of
traditional architecture are gaining popularity as built heritage throughout the globe as well
as in India. Various documentation has been carried out in the states of Rajasthan and Gujarat
to reestablish and revamp multiple existing structures at regional and community levels. In
this context, the study focuses on rejuvenating and restoring unexplored step wells in the
Vidarbha region of Maharashtra, India. These structures were once very common throughout
the region, but because of population growth and increasing environmental stress, they have
vanished or lost their significance. By using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis
and the application of the Linkert scale, this paper explores, investigates, and analyzes the
current state and offers revival strategies for the selected abandoned step wells. The study also
highlights their potential to address India's present water crisis while becoming a symbol of
cultural heritage. The final output of the study is focused on formulating restoration strategies
to ensure the rejuvenation of historically significant water bodies as a community space and
encouraging people to appreciate these sites.

References:
1. Abijith, D., Saravanan, S., Singh, L., Jennifer, J. J., Saranya, T., & Parthasarathy, K. S. S. (2020). GIS-
based multi-criteria analysis for identification of potential groundwater recharge zones - a
case study from Ponnaniyaru watershed, Tamil Nadu, India. HydroResearch, 3, 1–14
2. Agarwal, A., & Narain, S. (2000). Water harvesting: community-led natural resource management.
March, 11–13.
3. AHP Decision Making Saaty 2008 - Int. J. Services Sciences, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2008 83 Copyright ©
2008 Studocu.(n.d.). Retrieved 20 March 2023
4. Arulbalaji, P., Padmalal, D., & Sreelash, K. (2019). GIS and AHP Techniques Based Delineation of
Groundwater Potential Zones: a case study from Southern Western Ghats, India. Scientific
Reports, 9(1)
5. Baolis, R., & People, C. (n.d.). Dastaan-e-Baoli. 1–71.
6. Das, B., & Pal, S. C. (2019). Combination of GIS and fuzzy-AHP for delineating groundwater

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Spatial development and morphological transformation of temple town

of Thrissur
Varsha Vinod – Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Jharkhand
Email: [Link]@[Link]

Abstract
Even in the present age of urbanisation and globalization, religion and culture have played a
significant role in the creation of religious cities, greatly impacting their course of
development and town planning. India's temple towns represent centres of religion and culture
that display high moral standards, vibrant festivals, and social relationships that have
drastically changed as a result of urbanisation, both positively and negatively. Every facet of
society has changed as a result of urbanisation, including the social, technological, cultural,
physical, and environmental. Historic towns have encountered both positive and negative
effects as a result of the process of urbanisation, with the majority of them having experiences
that are similar to one another. When temple towns are examined, it becomes clear that the
town's original function has undergone a shift. This is coupled with extreme economic strain,
a loss of cultural heritage, altered urban morphology, insufficient floor area for business or
residential use, a lack of awareness and sensitivity, etc. The future development strategies and
guidelines that will be adopted in the heritage towns for further expansion and urban
development will be guided by a thorough study and assessment of the evolution and
development of the temple towns. This study explores the transformation of temple town of
Thrissur, Kerala. The principal aim is to comprehend the evolving function and significance
of Temple Town by evaluating existing urban structure, cultural legacy, and social
dimensions. A variety of evaluation methods have been used, including semi-structured
interviews with the experts and a few residents as well as chronological, spatial, visual, and
activity mapping. The analysis shows that the current urban fabric is an amalgamation of
modern and historic buildings, with no particular regulations to preserve the town's heritage
character, which has damaged the buildings' aesthetic and historical significance. Still, there
are some urban neighbourhoods where the cultural and morphological significance has not
diminished, due to sentimental attachment of the locals. This research paves way for
formulation of institutional, physical infrastructure, economic, and social strategies and
recommendations for heritage precincts, that leads to preservation and development of temple
towns. Recommendations for future developments, that reconcile the community, the
government, and the heritage for inclusive and integrated development, ignited by the cultural
heritage are proposed based on this study and analysis.

References:
1. Ali Sharghi, Y. J. (2018). A Study On Evolution And Development Of Urban Regeneration With Emphasis
On The Cultural Approach. The Turkish Online Journal Of Design, Art And Communication- Tojdac.
2. Ramesh, G. (2020). Governance and Management of Temples: A Framework. Bangalore: IIMB.
3. Singh, P. R. (2016). Urban Heritage and Planning in India: A study of Banaras.
4. Velmurugan, A. G. (2019). Urban Heritage, Mass Tourism, Gentrification and Sustainability in the
Boulevard town of Pondichery. Pondichery.

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Goan Houses - a reflection of Architecture and cultural identity

Sudhir V Dhomane – College of Engineering and Technology Akola India
Email: sdshilparatna@[Link]

Abstract
The built environment plays a crucial role in shaping and influencing various aspects
of society, identity, and community life. Understanding the interplay between the built
environment and the broader social and identity dynamics, is essential for architects, urban
planners, and policymakers.
The built environment is intricately linked to the fabric of society and plays a pivotal
role in shaping identity, fostering community, and influencing how people experience and
interact with their surroundings. An interdisciplinary approach that considers social, cultural,
economic, and environmental factors is crucial for creating sustainable, inclusive, and
thriving built environments.
The Portuguese ruled Goa, India, from 1510 to 1961 until it was liberated by India.
The Goan houses have emerged through continuous socio-cultural and architectural
interventions. The arrival of Portuguese rulers to Goa, their intermixing with native Indian
subjects, then religious conversion and cultural transfer were favourable circumstances for
formation of new culture of Goan society by the process of crossing over.
The objective of the paper is to analyse the impact of socio-cultural dynamism on traditional
housing, in particular for Architecture in Goa.
Architecture is the most stable form of art. It is the reflection of socio-cultural
dynamism of society. The house form is not simply a result of any single casual factor. The
traditional buildings are outcome of location (geography), socio-cultural (political) and
climatic condition of a particular place.
How has the socio-cultural dynamics of Portuguese Goa, influenced the Architecture
of traditional Goan houses? Here are some key indicator elements that may be considered for
investigation.
• Physical and Spatial house Design
• Cultural and Historical Significance
• Community and Social Interaction
• Sense of Place and house Identity
• Housing and Liveability
• Environmental influence and Impact
• Local materials for integration
Study Methodology includes - Identification of measurable attributes – Attributes of change
in Aesthetic & space establishing elements.

References:
1. Carita, H. (1999). Palaces of Goa. London: CARTAGO.
2. Couto, M. A. (2005). Goa: A Daughter's Story. Penguin Books.
3. King, A. D. (1976). Colonial Urban Development. London: Routledge.
4. Logan, J. A. (1887). The Volunteer Soldier of America. Chicago: General Logan Private Journal,
5. Makhloufi, A. (2013). Spatial Econmic Metamorphosis of Nebula City: Schiphol and the Schiphol During
the the 20th Century. New York: Routledge.

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Preserving Legacy in Mud: Architectural Ethnography and Conservation

Strategies of Deomali, Rajasthan
Deependra Singh Chouhan, Lalrintluangi, Nishant Singh, Parvadhavarthini
Thiyagarajan, Vincent Lalrinmawia
Central University of Rajasthan, Bandar Sindri, Kishangarh
Ritu B Rai – Central University of Rajasthan, Bandar Sindri, Kishangarh
Mahesh Kumar – Central University of Rajasthan, Bandar Sindri, Kishangarh
Vivekanand Tiwari – Central University of Rajasthan, Bandar Sindri, Kishangarh
Email: [Link]@[Link]

Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive approach to architectural documentation, focussing on
the analysis, and preservation of architectural heritage. This paper studies and analyses the
traditional village, Deomali, located in Masuda tehsil of Ajmer District, Rajasthan, known for
its rich heritage and traditional mud construction responding to the climate of the region.
Focussing on the culturally rich yet vulnerable settlement, the study aims to learn about the
traditional wisdom and techniques, that have been existing for 700 years. By employing a
multidisciplinary approach, a case study, gathering of information, and finally, documentation
based on the information gathered and analysed. The research endeavours to capture the
essence of the vernacular structure, history, and contextual significance of the region’s
heritage. The study is conducted from the micro to the macro level, from the historical
perspective to the topographical analysis, settlement pattern, livestock, contextual relevance,
climate response, and architectural and construction details. The settlement is divided
unintentionally into old and new settlements; study is conducted in both these settlements,
focussing on the changing patterns, lifestyle, and connections. Through the case study and
fieldwork conducted, the paper identifies the evolution of settlement and community
involvement, proposing strategies for the betterment of the community and preservation of
their heritage through documentation. Community involvement plays an important role in
carrying out the study by participating in the findings and sharing their valuable knowledge.
The results show how the lifestyle and culture are based upon their traditional knowledge and
wisdom that is passed down from generation to generation. However, the village lacks
literature sources and repudiates the development, resulting in problems such as slow growth
and modernization, lack of modern infrastructure, and communities’ acceptance of new
technologies. It also gives us a better understanding of living in harmony with nature and
attaining spiritual happiness, resisting the materialistic approach. The existence of the
settlements is based upon the deity, temple, and hill, which is reflected in the settlement’s
patterns, lifestyle, and orientation of the buildings. The findings underscore the importance of
the mud village as repositories of traditional knowledge, culture, and sustainable building
practices, emphasizing the need for informed conservation efforts to safeguard this invaluable
heritage for future generations.

References:
1. Census of India | Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, I. (2011). Census of India.
deomali.
2. geoIQ. (2018). Deomali. Retrieved from geoiq: [Link]
3. Sanitation, M. o. (2018, December 31). Guidelines for Swachh Bharat Mission. India.

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Assessing the Effectiveness of Rainwater Harvesting Systems in Urban

Educational Institutions: A Case Study of RV College of Architecture,
Bengaluru
Shikha Verma – RV College of Architecture,Bangalore
O.P Bawane – RV College of Architecture,Bangalore
Email: [Link]@[Link], [Link]@[Link]

Abstract
The prevailing uncertainty surrounding water supply, both in the present and future, has
prompted the scientific community to explore innovative approaches aimed at mitigating the
challenges faced by populations experiencing water stress. Educational Institutes can provide
students with this valuable insight of adopting sustainable principles of rain water harvesting
by implementing same in their own premises. Other than benefiting students, adopting a
green initiative of rain water harvesting, the implementation of the findings of the study shall
meet their water demand without burdening much on municipal water supply at the time of
water shortage and reduce their ecological footprint. This study investigates the practicality
and viability of implementing rooftop rainwater harvesting at RV College of Architecture,
Bengaluru. The findings and recommendations derived from this study may serve as a
valuable reference for similar initiatives in other educational institutions and urban settings.

References:
1. [Link],’Frequently asked questions (FAQ) on Groundwater - Understanding the
basics’ | India Water Portal.(Accessed on 30th Jan 2024)
2. National Water Mission ([Link]) ,General Guidelines on Rainwater Harvesting & Artificial
Recharge to Ground Water.(Accessed on 30th Jan 2024)
3. Keskar .A;,Taji.S; Ambhore and Potdar.S, ‘Rain Water Harvesting , a Campus Study’ Conference:
3rd National Conference on Sustainable Water Resources Development and Management
(SWARDAM–2016) at: Aurangabad,Volume: 3
4. Hemant.P;Arun.P.N;Vilas.P.S;Subhash.N.R;Patil.K.T;Nemad.P.D,‘RAINWATER HARVESTING WITH
RECHARGE SHAFT AND PIT’, Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, August
2022, Volume 8(9),ISSN 2349-5162)
5. NBC, 2016,Estimation of water requirement for drinking and domestic use’.
6. Charlesworth, P.B., Narayan, K.A., Bristow, K.L., Lowis, B., Laidlow, G. and McGowan, R.(2002)
The Burdekin Delta - Australia‟s oldest artificial recharge scheme. In: Management of Aquifer
Recharge for Sustainability, P.J. Dillon (Ed.) Proceedings of the 4th Intl Symp on Artificial Recharge
(ISAR4), Adelaide, Sept. 22-26, 2002, Swets & Zeitlinger, Lisse,ISBN. 90 5809 527 4, pp.347-352.
7. Dillon, P. 2005. Future management of aquifer recharge. Hydrogeology Journal,13(1):313-316.
8. Christy.R.M(2016),’Groundwater responses to Managed aquifer recharge structures: Case studies
from Chennai, Tamil Nadu', India,’Book,Natural Water Treatment Systems for Safe and Sustainable
Water Supply in the Indian Context (pp.99-112),Chapter: 6,Publisher: IWA Publishing, London,
UK,Editors: T. Wintgens, A. Nattorp, L. Elango, S. R. Asolekar

32
 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Challenges to cultural heritage and ecological integrity in Karaikal, Tamil

Nadu: An alternative perspective using Blue-green urbanism
Rakesh K. S – BMS School of Architecture, Bengaluru

Email: rakeshks@[Link]

Abstract
Karaikal is one of the four French colonies of Southern India, which now form part of the
union territory of Puducherry on the eastern coast. Karaikal possesses a rich trove of cultural
heritage and ecological aspects which are now being compromised by urban development.
The town serves as a center for tourists and pilgrims visiting the sacred shrines of Tirunallar,
Vellankanni, and Nagore. Historically, the principal source of income has been fishing and
agriculture. The town’s port has been in existence since the medieval period when the Dutch
and the French used it as a hub for their trade to Europe. The urban pattern of Karaikal has
been influenced by diverse factors over centuries, ranging from religious aspects to colonial
planning concepts. The architectural heritage also spans a rich variety of traditional Hindu
and Franco-Tamil characteristics. Ecologically, the town has an intrinsic relationship with
water. The beach and the mangroves along with various smaller water bodies dispersed around
the settlement, have influenced the growth and development patterns of the town.
Contemporary challenges to this rich cultural heritage and ecological integrity have resulted
in the deterioration of the traditional fabric of Karaikal. This study examines the urban growth
of Karaikal in the context of its cultural heritage and proposes an alternative perspective via
green and blue urbanism.

References:
1. Bozovic, R., Maksimovic, C., Mijic, A., Suter, I., & Van Reeuwijk, M. (2017). Blue Green solutions. A
systems approach to sustainable, resilient and cost-efficient urban development. Imperial College London.
2. Brears, R. C. (2018). Blue and Green Cities: The Role of Blue-Green Infrastructure in Managing Urban
Water Sources. Macmillan Publishers Ltd.
3. Davoudi, S., & Sturzaker, J. (2017). Urban form, policy packaging and sustainable urban metabolism.
Resources, Conservation, and Recycling, 120, 55–64.
4. Department of Planning, School of Architecture and Planning, Anna University. 2013. “Development Plan
for Karaikal town 2012 – 2033.”
5. File:[Link]. (2024, January 12). Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved 18:12, February 4, 2024 from
6. Goswami, S., S. Basak, A. Malik, R.B. Palanichamy. 2023. “Urban Blue-Green Conundrum: A 10-City
Study on the Impacts of Urbanization on Natural Infrastructure in India.” Working Paper. WRI India.
Available online at [Link]
7. Kabisch, N., Korn, H., Stadler, J., & Bonn, A. (2017). Nature-based solutions to climate change adaptation
in urban areas. Linkages between science, policy and practice. Springer Open. ISBN: 9783319537504.
8. Keeler, B. L., Hamel, P., McPhearson, T., Hamann, M. H., Donahue, M. L., Meza- Prado, K. A., et al.
(2019). Socialecological and technological factors moderate the value of urban nature. Review Article.
Nature Sustainability, 2(1), 29–38.
9. Kilbert, C. J. (2013). Sustainable construction: Green building design and delivery (3rd ed.). New Jersey:
John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0-470-90445-90449.

33
 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Investigating Efficiency of Courtyard Designs in Western Indian Havelis

Suchismita Nayak – Dept. of Architecture and Planning, IIEST, Shibpur
TVSS Sriharsha – Dept. of Architecture and Planning, IIEST, Shibpur
Soumen Mitra – Dept. of Architecture and Planning, IIEST, Shibpur
Email: suchismita.nayak10@[Link],
sriharsha@[Link], [Link]@[Link]

Abstract
The courtyard, a fundamental element ingrained in the traditional residential architecture of
India, has left an indelible mark across various regions, from the opulent Havelis of Gujarat
to the rural houses of Bengal. This article explores the architectural and social dimensions of
courtyards in western Indian Havelis, addressing a notable gap in existing literature. Notably,
it scrutinizes the dimensions, particularly the height-to-width ratio, in comparison to current
building guidelines.
The methodology involves an in-depth investigation of four specific Havelis in Rajasthan,
examining their historical timelines, unique features, and contemporary use. The analysis
reveals diverse spatial hierarchies, gender dynamics, and multifaceted uses within Haveli
courtyards. The selected Havelis - Mandawa, Nathmal Ji ki, Poddar, and Piramals - showcase
distinct architectural philosophies, emphasizing the importance of front and back courtyards.
Comparative assessments highlight variations in length-to-height and length-to-breadth
ratios, providing insights for architects. Importantly, the absence of specific courtyard height
guidelines in the National Building Code of 2016 is underscored, emphasizing the need for
attention in contemporary architectural discourse.
In conclusion, this research contributes to the discourse on courtyard design by unraveling
the architectural significance and social dynamics within western Indian Havelis. The findings
serve as a valuable resource for architects, urban planners, and preservationists, offering
inspiration to create contemporary spaces rooted in the cultural and historical essence of
traditional courtyards. Further exploration is encouraged, extending this research to
investigate courtyards in vernacular architecture.

References:
1. Asghar, M., (2021). Cultural syncretism: an investigative study of nineteenth century Sikh Fresco
paintings in Baba Sir Khem Singh Bedi’s Haveli in Punjab/Pakistan. Early Pop. Vis. Cult. 19, 21–37.
2. Khan, S.M., (2016). Traditional havelis and sustainable thermal comfort. Int. J. Environ. Stud. 73,
3. Khan, S.M., (2010). SETHI HAVELI, AN INDIGENOUS MODEL FOR 21ST CENTURY “GREEN
ARCHITECTURE.” Int. J. Archit. Res. 4, 85–98.
4. Liansangpuii, Singh, R., Singh, R.M., Singh, K.N., Kar, S.K., 2023. Hydrological assessment of
Haveli-based traditional water harvesting system for the Bundelkhand Region, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Curr. Sci. 125, 43–51.
5. Liansangpuii, Singh, R., Singh, R.M., Singh, K.N., Kar, S.K., 2023. Hydrological assessment of
Haveli-based traditional water harvesting system for the Bundelkhand Region, Uttar Pradesh, India.

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Exploring Cultural Identity in the Old City of Gwalior through Place,

Memory and Community
Siddharth S Jadon – Department of Architecture & Planning, MITS, Gwalior, India
Anjali S Patil – Department of Architecture & Planning, MITS, Gwalior, India
Email: ssjarchitect@[Link], anjalipatil@[Link]

Abstract
Medieval towns were not built in a day; they encompassed many layers of memories. Historic
towns and cities exhibit patterns that reflect their culture, planning, and landscape. These
towns harbor numerous associated memories reflected in their planning, culture, traditions,
emotions, and community organization. This means on a broader scale, the city itself carries
cultural-social memory that is also visible on a micro level in the old town, is meticulously
organized, and reflects societal hierarchies, fostering a unique communal identity within
distinct boundaries that should be explored. It’s also seen gentrification takes place in such
places, but the fundamental character of streets, built forms, and public spaces caters to
enduring memories. Cultural influences persist through generations, evolving into an essential
facet of the community. Despite transformations over time, a distinct identity endures in the
streets, public spaces, and architectural styles, notably exemplified in the historic city of Old
Gwalior. This city reflects a transformation from Rajput, Mughal and Maratha to Colonial
architecture, showcasing the contributions of the community, thereby imparting a unique
architectural style and identity to the city. The old town of Gwalior encompasses essential
elements and numerous memories. This paper explores such places and their associated
memories, which give identity to the town. The focus is on specific areas that delve into
culture, identity, place, and memory. As suggested by Kevin Lynch, the legibility and
imageability of cities incorporate memory in defining them. This study identifies streets and
precincts brimming with cultural vibrancy, influencing both architecture and the city's essence
based on the survey.

References:
1. Alcock, S. E. (2002). Archaeologies of memory. In S. E. Alcock, Archaeologies of the Greek past
Landscape,Monuments & Memories (pp. 1-222). Cambridge: Cambridge university press.
2. Allen, D. (2009). Memory and Place: Two Case Studies. Places 21.1, 56-61.
3. Brusaporci, S. (2014). Issues of Historic Town Surveying: Visualizing Urban Values. SCIentific RESearch
and Information Technology, 4(II), 63-80. doi:10.2423/i22394303v4n2p63
4. Brusaporci, S. (2014). Issues of Historic Town Surveying: Visualizing Urban Values. SCIentific RESearch
and Information Technology.
5. Ford, C. C. (2023). The Evolution of the Jinn in Middle Eastern Culture and Literature from Pre-Islam to
the Modern Age. Arkansas: The University of Arkansas. Retrieved from
6. Helena Murteira, A. G. (2017). Lost Cities as a Virtual Experience:The Example of Pre-Earthquake
Lisbon. In I. M. Jonathan Westin, Memories of a city (pp. 1-103). Gothenburg: Department of Conservation,
University of Gothenburg.
7. J. B. Harley, D. W. (1987). cartography in prehistoric, ancient, and medieval europe and the
mediterranean. Chicago Press.

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Analyzing the Image of a City based on the Perception of Space and

Mental Maps
Sanyukta S. Thatte – COEP Technological University, Shivajinagar, Pune, India
Isha P. Panse – COEP Technological University, Shivajinagar, Pune, India
Email: sanyuktathatte16@[Link]

Abstract
Every citizen perceives the city differently through their senses, ideology, and mindsets. The
stationary and moving elements together form an image of a city to a particular individual.
The study aims to analyse how neighbourhoods in Pune city are perceived by the natives as
well as the migrants from the age groups 18 to 30 years.
The study is based on Image of City 1960 by Kevin Lynch who gave the paradigm on the five
elements of Imageability namely: Paths, Edges, Districts, Nodes, and Landmarks. These five
elements will be the parameters of the study concerning the aspects of Aesthetics, Traffic
Points, Social Clusters, Quality of Safety, Sense of Identity, and Special Sensory Experiences.
The study will help in the recognition of urban areas through the perception of people as well
as the identifying priority zones for future interventions. Identification of the dark/ blind spots
and social spots in the study area which will help in improving the imageability.
The areas chosen have developed across different time zones with a diversity of natives as
well as migrants with different backgrounds. The study will guide the Local authorities,
Researchers, and Policymakers in the redevelopment of areas as well as the planning of new
areas in the near future.
The study concludes that residents have a stronger sense of safety as well as identity in the
area whereas migrants have more special sensory experiences in the city.

References:
1. Maria Latypova, E. M. (2012). Empirical study of the mental representation of the image of the city (on
the example of Kazan and Naberezhnye Chelny). E3S Web Conferences (p. 20). STCCE.
2. Barbara Osóch, A. C. (2019). City image based on mental maps- the case study of Szczecin (Poland).
MISCELLANEA GEOGRAPHICA – REGIONAL STUDIES ON DEVELOPMENT.
3. Ales Kankovsky, M. K. (2022). Perception of Space and Mental Maps: The Case Study of City Chotebor
(Czechia). AIP Conference Proceedings, (p. 6).
4. Lucia Brisudová, P. Š. (2020). Mapping topo-ambivalent places for strategic planning of urban space. The
case of Šternberk, the Czech Republic. Journal of Maps, 12.
5. Lynch, K. (1960). The Image of the City. The MIT Press.

36
 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Methodical Approach to the National Byelaws in Heritage Conservation

Sites: An Inquiry Through Visual Tools
Jaishree Mishra – Dept. of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada
Vineet Shrivastava – Dept. of Planning and Architecture, Mizoram
Ramesh Srikonda– Dept. of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada
Email: Jaishreemishra22@[Link]

Abstract
The concept of heritage protection of monuments, sites, and precincts of significant cultural
diversity is well practised and evolved with various legal instruments. It has been recorded in
traditional Indian culture, archaeology, antiquity, and monumental studies from the ancient
past. In contemporary times, the various custodians are safeguarding the distinctive nature-
based setting of monuments that evolved as a blanket of the urban landscape. The contextual-
based setting requires appropriate connections for monument sites and precincts with some
control mechanism to ensure management and systematic future development. In two recent
years, the preparation of heritage bylaws has been under preparation by various institutes and
organizations. However, the volume of work is large, whereas the number of bylaws being
prepared is limited and needs more effort from the ground reality. Additionally, these bylaws
lack a subjective approach to justify the context of assessment-based guidelines and
recommendations of rich traditional knowledge. This paper provides an analytical
understanding of the contextual-based setting of monuments through visual simulation tools
and the view control method. The paper discusses Ahmedabad city, India with selected three
sites under National Monument Authority (NMA) categorization as per the provisions of the
Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains (Amendment and Validation) Act,
2010. Site-specific decisions can ensure the richness of Indian cultural heritage by prescribing
the limits of prohibited and regulated (100 and 200 mts) areas around a monument and
protected area as the proximity and setting. This paper demonstrated rationally through
Category-4, Ticketed Monuments, Category-6, Living Monuments, and Category-7,
monuments in the urban/semi-urban limits. Further, to address existing findings by
implementing a view control approach and visual assessment methods as decision making
tools illustrated via palimpsest mapping, Sketchup, and geographic information systems.

References:
1. Kawathekar, V. (2020). Legal Frameworks for the Protection of Built Heritage in India. Ghaziabad: Copal
PublishingGroup.
2. Khare, A. (2015). Pre-independence legal frameworks for. In Shared Global Experiences for Protection of
Built Heritag(p.151). Bhopal: School of Planning of Architecture.
3. Malhotra, M. B. (2017). Lesser Known stepwells: in and around Ahmedabad- Gandhinagar region.
Ahmedabad: Urban Management Centre (UMC), Ahmedabad.
4. Riyaz, T. (May, 2016). Ancient step-wells of Ahmedabad, conservation on water and heritage. Sutra
Journal (a curate journal on art, culture, and dharma), 9.
5. Khan, A. M. (1965). Mirat-I-ahmadi: a Persian history of Gujarat. Tr. by M. F. Lokhandwala. Baroda:
Oriental Institute.

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

How Urban Refugees Claim Space: A Narrative Review

Shreyasi Pal – School of Planning & Archiecture, Bhopal
Tapas Mitra – School of Planning & Archiecture, Bhopal
Email: shreyasi2022@[Link]

Abstract
Geo-political conflicts have increased forced displacement and driven a significant portion of
refugee populations to seek shelter in urban areas worldwide. Understanding how these
vulnerable urban refugee groups claim their ‘right to the city’ is crucial for informed policy-
making and the development of supportive interventions. This narrative literature review
searches and analyses select peer-reviewed articles from diverse disciplines and geographic
contexts. We identify the intersections of legal uncertainties, persistent threats of
discrimination and exclusion and other challenges in social-cultural integration that
complicate refugees' struggle for urban space. The paper aims to provide a narrative overview
of how urban refugees exercise agency to claim space, resisting power structures through
everyday socio-spatial “tactics”. The theoretical framework, grounded in concepts of "right
to the city" guides both the selection and interpretation of the literature. The key themes
emerging from the review are grouped under Resisting Power Structures, Community
Consolidation, Activism and Refugee Identity, and Spatial Appropriations and Resilience.
Our analysis acknowledges the specific experiences of urban refugees in the Global South.
The review concludes with future research directions, suggesting comparative studies,
longitudinal research, and advocating for the active engagement of refugee communities in
participatory action research design, local and national policy-making and implementation.

References:
1. Agamben, G.(1998). Homo sacer: Sovereign power and bare life. Stanford University Press
2. Agamben, G. (2005). State of exception (K. Attell, Trans.). University of Chicago Press.
3. Agustín, Ó. G., & Jørgensen, M. B. (2019). Solidarity cities and cosmopolitanism from below: Barcelona
as a refugee city. Social Inclusion, 7(2), 198–207.
4. Aleksynska, M., & Algan, Y. (2010). Assimilation and integration of immigrants in Europe. IZA
Discussion Paper No. 5185.
[Link], S. M., & Rashid, M. (2022). Revisiting urban resilience: A review on resilience of spatial
structure in urban refugee neighbourhoods facing demographic changes. Frontiers in Sustainable Cities, 4,
Article 806531.
6. Amin, A. (2008). Collective culture and urban public space. City, 12(1), 5-24.
7. Batuman, B. (2021). Dis-placed: Space, settlement, and agency. International Journal of Islamic
Architecture, 10(2), 327–334.
8. Bauböck, R. (2003). Reinventing urban citizenship. Citizenship Studies, 7(2), 139-160.
[Link], R. (2019). Local governments and social movements in the ‘refugee crisis’: Milan and Barcelona
as ‘cities of welcome’. South European Society and Politics, 24(3), 343-370.
10. Bazurli, R., & Kaufmann, D. (2023). Insurgent asylum policies in European cities: A multi-level
governance perspective. Urban Affairs Review, 59(4), 1129-1159.
11. Benjamin, S. (2008). Occupancy urbanism: Radicalizing politics and economy beyond policy and
programs. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 32(3), 719-729.
12. Betts, A., & Collier, P. (2017). Refuge: Transforming a broken refugee system. Oxford University Press.

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Vernacular Settlement as The Smallest Unit in Sustainable Built

Environment Research
Dwijomala Hanjabam – Dept. of Planning and Architecture, Mizoram University
Sachin Yadav – Dept. of Planning and Architecture, Mizoram University
Shivani Paliwal - School of Architecture, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya
Email: dwijohanjabam@[Link], ysachin163@[Link],
shivanipaliwal91@[Link]

Abstract
The study of vernacular architecture is mostly focused on typology study, eco-friendly
architecture, bioclimatic assessment, etc. with an aim to establish its stance on sustainable
practices. The term sustainability is widely known; however, the term is more often used and
understood in the context of the protection of the environment. The definition of sustainability
or sustainable development is constantly evolving with an aim for more inclusivity. In the
recent past, the definition of sustainability is being examined to include and represent various
complexities of human society and its environment. The fundamental concept of sustainability
revolves around preserving our resources for the benefit of future generations. This pertains
not only to the environment, economy, and urban areas but also places significant emphasis
on culture, which is increasingly acknowledged as a crucial component of sustainable
development. Today, global institutions, scholars, and policymakers recognize the necessity
of integrating cultural aspects or traditions into their strategies for sustainable development.
This inclusion is considered vital in maintaining the stability of the other three pillars of
sustainability. Vernacular settlements also referred to as traditional settlements, are renowned
for their intricate symbiotic and interdependent dynamics. These settlements are not just
environmentally sustainable but economically, socially, and culturally sustainable too. The
research will explore this aspect of vernacular settlements through documentation such as
settlement patterns, open space systems, the interaction of building typologies with the
environment and social and traditional customs followed such as weddings, funerals, birth,
and community festivals, and make an attempt to prove that the smallest unit of studying
vernacular architecture and its sustainability should not be limited to eco-friendly typology or
material but expand to include various facets of the community too for a more holistic and
sustainable future.

References:
1. Amos Rapoport, Theory, Culture and Housing, The School of Architecture and Urban Planning, University
of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA, Taylor & Francis, (2001)
2. Amos Rapoport, Some Further Thoughts on Culture and Environment, Archnet-IJAR, International
Journal of Architectural Research (16-39), (2008)
3. Coyle, D. J. and Ellis, R. J. (eds) (1994) Politics, Policy, and Culture, Boulder, CO: Westview Press

39
 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Exploratory Factor Analysis to Investigate Social Sustainability

Factors in the Indian Context
Vineet Shrivastava – Dept. of Planning and Architecture, Mizoram University
Kamini Sinha – Dept. of Planning and Architecture, National Institute of Technology,
Patna
Email: mzut245@[Link], kamini@[Link]

Abstract
Social sustainability is an established concept that has been studied across various disciplines
including urban planning, social science, health and wellbeing, and geography. urban studies
have recently focused on social sustainability, particularly in urban areas. Scholars
acknowledge that it is situated at the intersections of many disciplines and involves the
integration of policies related to environmental, social, and economic matters. C.A. Perry
popularised the neighbourhood concept which includes residential areas, community facilities
including local shops and parks, and dwellings for the people together with an elementary
school. The neighbourhood is commonly cited and exploited as a valuable urban environment
for empirical research. Understanding how characteristics associated with location, in
addition to the qualities of the inhabitants, influence well-being, has become an area of intense
interest in recent research. The author attempts to provide a more contextualised view of social
sustainability in Indian urban neighbourhoods and aims to identify parameters for measuring
social sustainability in residential areas. The process involves a critical analysis of the
explanations and applications of social sustainability in various metropolitan locations. The
authors have examined various research studies on social sustainability and have developed
a theoretical framework based on identified factors of social sustainability using an
exploratory factor analysis (EFA) method. This framework elaborates on the local
manifestations and prerequisites for socially sustainable development. The author
recommends utilising the framework created in this study as an assessment tool in future
studies on neighbourhood social sustainability in various circumstances.

References:
1. Clarence Perry (2011) ‘The Neighborhood Unit”: from The Regional Plan of New York and its Environs
1929’, in The City Reader. 5th ed. p. 13. London: Routledge.
2. Sharifi, A. (2016b) ‘From Garden City to Eco-urbanism: The quest for sustainable Neighborhood
development’, Sustainable Cities and Society, 20, pp. 1–16. Available at:
[Link]
3. Hemani, S., & Das, A.K. (2016). Humanizing urban development in India: Call for a more comprehensive
approach to social sustainability in the urban policy and design context. International Journal of Urban
Sustainable Development, 8(2): 144–173.
4. Shirazi, M., & Keivani, R. (2017). Critical Reflections on the Theory and Practice of Social Sustainability
in the Built Environment – A Meta Analysis. Local Environment, 22(12), 1526-1545.
5. Mehan, A., & Soflaei, F. (2017). Social sustainability in urban context: Concepts, definitions, and
principles. Architectural Research Addressing Societal Challenges–Couceiro da Costa, et al. (Eds), 293299

40
 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Balancing Expert Vision and Public Desire: Reimagining Public

Open Space for Lammual, Aizawl
Emeline Zodingliani Renthlei – Dept. of Planning and Architecture, Mizoram
University
Lalmawipuia Khiangte – Dept. of Planning and Architecture, Mizoram University
Lalhruaitluanga Ralte – Dept. of Planning and Architecture, Mizoram University
Email: mzut245@[Link], kamini@[Link]

Abstract
Public open spaces play a crucial role in urban environments, serving as focal points for
community engagement, recreation, and relaxation. This study examines the significance of
these spaces and their associated land uses of Lammual in Aizawl, Mizoram, through an
online survey conducted on a site occupied by the Assam Rifles, focusing on public and expert
opinions. The sentimental value of public open spaces to both cities and their inhabitants
cannot be overstated. These spaces serve as symbols of collective identity and cultural
heritage, embodying the history and character of a locale. Through an analysis of survey
responses, it becomes evident that the community and experts alike recognize the multifaceted
benefits of repurposing such sites. Experts advocate for the transformation of the area into
recreational hubs and vibrant city centres, emphasizing the potential for these spaces to foster
social cohesion and economic vitality. Conversely, public sentiment leans towards the
creation of playgrounds and theme parks, highlighting the desire for accessible amenities that
cater to diverse age groups and recreational interests. This disparity underscores the
importance of balancing expert-driven urban planning with grassroots community input,
ensuring that public open spaces reflect the needs and aspirations of residents. By
accommodating a variety of land uses, from recreational facilities to cultural landmarks, these
spaces can become inclusive environments that enhance quality of life and promote well-
being for all.

References:
1. Dulal Sarker, Jahid Hasan & Zahin Momtaz (21 Feb 2023) Public perceptions on urban open space and
city liveability in Barishal, Bangladesh Muhaiminul Islam,
2. Els Leclercq & Dorina Pojani (14 Jun 2021) Public space privatisation: are users concerned?
3, Dietram A. Scheufele and William P. Eveland Jr (2001) Perceptions Of ‘Public Opinion’ And ‘Public’
Opinion Expression

41
 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Identification of Social and Cultural Impact on the Architectural

Built Form of Mizoram
Lalmawipuia Khiangte - Dept. of Planning and Architecture, Mizoram University
Lalhruaitluanga Ralte - Dept. of Planning and Architecture, Mizoram University
Zothankimi - Dept. of Planning and Architecture, Mizoram University
Lalrintluangi Colney - Dept. of Planning and Architecture, Mizoram University
Email: [Link]@[Link]

Abstract
Vernacular Architecture is studied as a reflection of the society. Cultural customs and norms,
geographical and political influences among others culminate in the evolution unique built-
form that is distinct to the region. One such example of built-form can be observed in
Mizoram too, which is a hilly state in the North-east part of India. The region has seen various
evolutions in the built form owing to its difficult terrain, religious influences or affordability
and availability of building material. However, the traditional built form has seen considerable
changes often replaced by brick and bat building with no cultural setting. The paper aims to
bring forth these socio-cultural influences over time and various factors that has led to
prioritization of one factor over others through literature review and case study. The aim of
the study is to highlight the negotiable and non-negotiable factors in the traditional built form
of Mizoram which can contribute in protection of these traditional built environment through
policy guidelines and a framework for various development programs. The paper will also
attempt to give suggestions that can be adopted as both micro and macro level.

References:
1. Kipgen, Mangkhosat, Christianity and the Mizo Culture, Mizo Theological Conference, Aizawl, (1997)
2. Vergese, C.G. Thanzawna, R.L., A History of the Mizos, Vol II, Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi,
(1997)
3. Zama, M. C. (2006). Globalization and the Mizo story. Indian Folklife

42
 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Importance Of Architectural Spaces in A Wellness Center

Pulimi Venkata Lasya Reddy - Manipal School of Architecture and Planning
Gowri Shenoy - Manipal School of Architecture and Planning
Email: [Link]@[Link]

Abstract
The research paper emphasizes the study of architectural variables for creating healing spaces
in a wellness center. Architectural in a wellness center refer to the built environments
specifically designed to promote the user’s health, relaxation, and overall well-being. The
study aims to understand how architectural spaces contribute to users’ physical,
psychological, and emotional well-being. The study’s emphasis is on the psychology of
architectural spaces with respect to human response to the environment. The study was
conducted through comparing primary case study with architectural variables, obtained from
the literature for creating a healing environment. However, they are limited research on
healing spaces in a wellness center. The primary case study – Piyas wellness center and
Ayurvedagram wellness center with various literature aspects for architectural variable
required in a healing environment were compared and analyzed based psychology of
architecture to formulate recommendations for creating effective healing spaces in a wellness
centre.

References:
1. BR, S. (2015). Optimal healing environments. Global Advances in Health and Medicine.
2. DuBose, J. (2018). Exploring the Concept of healing spaces sage
3. Firth, K. (2015). Healing, a Concept Analysis. GLOBAL ADVANCES IN HEALTH AND MEDICINE.
4. Indigenous, a. (2010). Human Behavior and the Interior Environment.
5. Sakallaris, B. R. (2015). Optimal Healing Environments. Global Advances in Health and Medicine, 6.12.
6. Srivastav, A. (2022). Elements of Healing Spaces in Hospital. Technology (IJRASET),
7. Abulawi, R. (2019). Healing by design: Design of public spaces for children’s hospitals. Smart Innovation,
Systems and Technologies, 135, 427–438.
8. Barrie, T. (2012). Sacred space and the mediating roles of architecture.
9. Behera, P. (2023). Addressing barriers to mental healthcare access for adolescents living in slums: A
qualitative multi-stakeholder study in Odisha, India. Children and Youth Services Review, 145.
10. Bruneau, D. E. (n.d.). A retreat centre for whole health.
11. Connellan, K., (2013). Stressed Spaces: Mental Health and Architecture.
12. Daykin, N., Byrne, E., Soteriou, T., & O’Connor, S. (2008). The impact of art, design and environment
in mental healthcare: A systematic review of the literature.
13. Engineer, A., Ida, A., & Sternberg, E. M. (2020b). Healing Spaces: Designing Physical Environments to
Optimize Health, Wellbeing, and Performance.
14. Firth, K., Smith, K., Sakallaris, B. R., Bellanti, D. M., Crawford, C., & Avant, K. C. (2015). Healing, a
concept analysis. Global Advances in Health and Medicine
[Link]érrez, R. U. (2016). The naturalization of architecture. Architectural Research Quarterly

43
 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Identification of Parameters Influencing Liveability Ranking in Cities of

India
Satpal- Dept. of Architecture, D.C.R University of Science & Technology
Aditya Bhalothia - Dept. of Architecture, D.C.R University of Science &
Technology
Bhumik Kumar – Dept. of Architecture, D.C.R University of Science &
Technology
Email: [Link]@[Link]

Abstract
With the evident of rapid urbanization, there are rising concerns over livability in cities.
Urbanization gives rise to various problems and issues in urban areas, which affect residents'
happiness and satisfaction, leading to livability degradation. The creation of livable, healthy
cities is a top goal worldwide. Also, United Nations Sustainable Development (UNSD) goals
target to make cities more sustainable, inclusive, and safe, which will improve the overall
Livability of the city. Livability is a multidimensional concept, and this article deals with
exploring the parameters that affect Livability and identifying the parameters that need to be
taken into account for the livability assessment of Indian cities. Citizen demands also change
with time as cities grow more towards development. Thus, livability parameters need to be
updated with the pace of development of cities. Currently, in India Ease of Living Index is
published by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs to evaluate the quality of life in
Indian cities. The Index has been revised two times since launch; the revised edition contains
updated parameters for improving assessment levels and analysis. There are various
parameters that affect livability directly or indirectly. Broadly these are categorized as
objective and subjective parameters. The purpose of the study is to find out the parameters
that affect the livability of a citizen, including both subjective and objective, and to suggest
the addition of parameters to the existing Ease of Living Index. This research provides
important insights into the requirement for improving in livability indexing parameters. It
compares key performance indicators for the purpose of determining whether or not existing
parameters covers all the factors that influence the livability in a city, and to suggest
possibilities for improvement. At the end of the research, we can identify some parameters
that affect Livability but still missing from the Ease of Living Index livability assessment for
Indian cities. These parameters help architects, planners, and government bodies to identify
areas lacking behind the development.

References:
1. Ellin, N. (1999). Postmodern urbanism.
2. Ahmed, N. &.-H. (2019). A Critical Review of Urban Liveability. European Journal of Sustainable
Development.
3. MoHUA, Ease of Living Index. MoHUA.

44
 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Toward Healthy Ageing: Unveiling Parameters to Construct a Well-Being

Assessment Framework for Communal Senior Living in Kerala
Namita- Department of Architecture, Sharda University
Email: namita.ru164@[Link]

Abstract
Kerala has witnessed a pronounced increase in its elderly population, analogous to the global
demographic shift, as evidenced by the latest census and United Nation reports. A significant
proportion of its elderly populace consists of the ‘young-old’ and ‘left behind elderly’ subsets.
This incipient demographic cohort is anticipated to remain active in the workforce, express
technological proficiencies and display heightened alignment with global perspectives.
Furthermore, insights from Kerala Ageing Survey I and II substantiate the escalating demands
in urban areas to develop a built environment that is conducive to ‘Healthy Ageing’. The
concept of ‘Well-Being’ through Healthy Ageing embodies a relatively recent approach
stemming from gerontological studies in the 2000s. This notion emphasizes the imperative of
amalgamating a multidimensional approach with Quality-Of-Life (QOL) parameters to
ensure a holistic framework for elderly care and Well-Being. The State Government of Kerala
has initiated various policies and strategies to incorporate Healthy Ageing principles into the
communal senior living models mushrooming within the state. However, a comprehensive
assessment framework that aligns with this inimitable set of requirements is yet to be
established. This study aims to explicate the fundamental parameters for formulating an
assessment framework specific to communal senior living, designed to promote Healthy
Ageing and Well-Being within the unique context of Thrissur district, Kerala. Literature
Review and semi-structured interviews were conducted to establish a comprehensive basis
for this study and understand the essential parameters influencing the needs, preferences, and
expectations of the focus group. Qualitative Coding was conducted on the data obtained from
the transcripts of stakeholder perspectives using thematic analysis. Subsequently, the
fundamental parameters were determined that can be applied to construct an assessment
framework specific to the objectives of the study. The determined parameters were broadly
categorised into four domains namely Physical environment, Social environment,
Affordability, and Adaptability.

References:
1. Agarwal, A., Lubet, A., Mitgang, E., Mohanty, S., & Bloom, D. E., 2016, Population Aging in India:
Facts, Issues, and Options. SSRN Electronic Journal, 10162.
2. Andersson, Jonas E, 2011, Architecture and Ageing: On the Interaction Between Frail Older People and
the Built Environment. KTH Engineering Services, Stockholm.
3. Ball, Mary M., et al., 2000, Quality of Life in Assisted Living Facilities: Viewpoints of Residents. The
Journal of Applied Gerontology.
4. Bowling, Ann, and Dieppe, Paul, 2005, What is Successful Ageing and Who Should Define it? British
Medical Journal.

45
 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Design Quality Indicators to Assess School-Built Environment

Tanushree Das - Dept of Architecture, School of Planning and
Architecture, New Delhi
Chitrarekha Kabre - Dept of Architecture, School of Planning and
Architecture, New Delhi
Anil Dewan - Dept of Architecture, School of Planning and
Architecture, New Delhi
Email: tanushreearch@[Link], [Link]@[Link],
hodarchitecture@[Link]

Abstract
The National Education Policy 2020 has initiated a new era of learning in India and thus needs
to rethink the design quality of the built environment of schools. Objective assessment of the
quality of design is a complex issue in any built environment. In India, several standards and
codes and different building environment assessment methods are used to evaluate different
aspects of design. However, an integrated framework that assesses the quality of the design
objectively for the built environment is yet to be formulated. So far, generally, design quality
is a matter of perception and subjectivity of the individual. An extensive literature review
identifies the need for a comprehensive design quality assessment framework. A theoretical
background was established based on a review of several international and national standards,
codes, and best practices. The Design Quality Indicator (DQI) of the Construction Industry
Council, UK has been used as the basis for the formulation of the quality assessment
framework in the Indian context. A total of forty-four scholastic papers addressing the quality
of school building design were selected for consideration. To identify the factors of the design
quality, a questionnaire with 128 questions was created and a two-level Delphi was then
conducted on online mode using a Likert scale. The relative relevance of each question was
determined by calculating its average RII, and following two rounds of Delphi, the total
number of questions was reduced to 110. A relative priority matrix was created using the
Indian school designs "Required" (more than 4.5 RII), "Desired" (four to 4.5), and "Inspired"
(less than 4) qualities. These 110 factors are run through Confirmatory Factor Analysis to test
the DQI's factor structure to increase the Framework's reliability, accuracy, and simplicity.
Finally, an AHP has been conducted with the help of 12 experts in the field of architecture to
conduct a pairwise weighing survey to generate an objective framework to assess the Design
quality of the school buildings in the Indian context.

References:
[Link], G.J., and Sarah, O., 2018, Architectural design and/or sustainable building: A question of
language? International Journal of Contemporary Architecture” The New ARCH 5 (2): 9- 19.
2. Cardellino, P., Leiringer, R., and Clements-Croome, D., 2010, Exploring the role of design quality in the
building schools for the future programme. Gestão & Tecnologia de Projetos, 5.
3. Deliberador, M. S., and Kowaltowski, D. C. C., 2011, Improving school building quality in the state of
São Paulo, Brazil. Architecture and Sustainable Development, Proceedings of PLEA: 169-174.

46
 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Physical Environment and Children’s Wellbeing; A Correlational Study of

a Slum Community in Pune, India
Hrishikesh Purandare - MIT School of Architecture, MIT- ADT
University Pune
Ashwini Pethe - MIT School of Architecture, MIT- ADT University
Pune
Email: [Link]@[Link],
[Link]@[Link]

Abstract
Rapid urbanisation in India has led to the emergence of slums. Slums are surrounded by
multiple issues concerning the socio-physical environment. The physical environment of
slums and its attributes of overcrowding, poor sanitation, lack of basic services, and
substandard housing pose a risk to the wellbeing of the inhabitants. Further, many children
living in slums are exposed to issues afflicting the physical environment. The urban slum
fabric consists of dense residential units inhabited by such underprivileged children and their
families. Multiple studies have reported that substandard housing and overcrowding are the
key determinants of socio-physical wellbeing. They not only aggravate the risk of diseases
but also amplify issues related to mental health due to lack of space. This study examines the
impact of the slum physical environment of Dapodi on the wellbeing of the children. The
study employs a mixed method of research with a sample size of 32 children between the ages
13 and 18 living in the slums of Dapodi in Pune city, based on the central limit theorem. The
quantitative data was collected using a two-pronged approach; the standardised Stirling
Children’s Wellbeing scale to understand the wellbeing of the children; and a Likert based
questionnaire survey to understand the perspectives of slum children towards their physical
environment. Qualitative data was collected in the form of a cognitive mapping exercise to
understand specific locales of the physical environment which the children frequented for
interactions, given the socio-spatial constraints. A correlational analysis to explore the impact
of the physical environment on children’s wellbeing was done using Pearson's correlation.
The research examined whether the lack of community infrastructure influenced the overall
wellbeing of children residing in the slums of Dapodi in Pune city.

References:
1. Altman, I.,(1975). The Environment and Social Behavior: Privacy, Personal Space, Territory, Crowding.
(United States: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company).
2. Ani, C., & Grantham‐McGregor, S., (1998). Family and personal characteristics of aggressive Nigerian
boys. Journal of Adolescent Health, 23(5), 311–317.
3. Bornstein, M. H., Britto, P. R., Nonoyama‐Tarumi, Y., Ota, Y., Petrović, O., & Putnick, D. L. (2012).
Child development in Developing Countries: Introduction and methods. Child Development, 83(1), 16– 31.
4. Census of India, (2011); Government of India.
5. Chaudhuri, N. (2004). Interventions to improve children’s health by improving the housing environment.
Reviews on Environmental Health, 19(3–4), 197–222.

47
 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Enhancing Well Being in the Built Environment and its Impact

Miyority Marngar - Mahatma Gandhi University, Khanapara
Campus, Meghalaya
Email: marngarmiyo@[Link]

Abstract
The built environment plays a crucial role in shaping individuals' well-being. As people spend
a significant portion of their lives in various built environments, such as homes, workplaces,
and public spaces, it is essential to understand how these environments can influence their
physical, mental, and social well-being. The built environment has a significant impact on
individuals' well-being, encompassing physical, mental, and social aspects. Access to green
spaces, well-designed buildings, and natural elements positively influence physical and
mental health outcomes. Additionally, the design of public spaces and neighborhoods plays a
crucial role in fostering social connections and promoting social well-being. Understanding
the relationship between the built environment and well-being is essential for architects, urban
planners, and policymakers to create environments that support individuals' overall quality of
life. The built environment has a profound impact on our well-being. Green spaces, well-
designed buildings, access to amenities, reduced pollution levels, and strong social and
community connections all contribute to a higher quality of life. It is essential for
policymakers, urban planners, architects, and communities to prioritize the creation of built
environments that promote well-being for all individuals. The built environment has a
significant impact on the well-being of individuals. By prioritizing factors such as physical
health and safety, social interaction, psychological well-being, and access to basic services,
cities can create environments that enhance the overall quality of life for their residents.
Through sustainable design, walkability, green spaces, and inclusive design, we can create
built environments that not only meet the functional needs of communities but also contribute
to their well-being. It is crucial for policymakers, urban planners, and designers to collaborate
and prioritize well-being in the built environment to create healthier, happier, and more
sustainable cities. This paper aims to analyses the relationship between the built environment
and well-being, highlighting key factors and their impact on individuals' overall quality of
life.

References:
[Link], G. W., & McCoy, J. M. (1998). When buildings don't work: The role of architecture in human
health. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 18(1), 85-94.
2. Gehl, J. (2010). Cities for people. Island Press.
3 .Hartig, T., et al. (2014). Nature and health. Annual Review of Public Health, 35, 207-228.
4 .Heschong Mahone Group. (2003). Windows and offices: A study of office worker performance and the
indoor environment. California Energy Commission.
5. Jacobs, J. (1961). The death and life of great American cities. Random House.
6. Kaplan, R. (2001). The nature of the view from home: Psychological benefits. Environment and Behavior.

48
 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Feasibility Of Operating Micro-Mobility in Newly Developing Mass

Transportation Corridors- A Case Study of Chennai
J Sonika – Dept of Architecture, School of Architecture and Planning, Anna University
M Mayamani – Dept of Civil Engineering, CEG, Anna University, Chennai
S Laksmi - Dept of Civil Engineering, CEG, Anna University, Chennai
Email: j.sonika16@[Link]

Abstract
Mass transit is a main form of mobility in most Indian cities. Last mile connectivity options
like auto rickshaws, share autos and mini buses are in use. Micro-mobility has emerged as a
potential last mile connectivity option around the world. The study aims to find the user
preference factors to adopt micro-mobility along newly developing mass transit corridor in
Chennai. A questionnaire survey was conducted in 7 stations and 350 samples were collected.
Descriptive analysis, Chi-square test and binomial regression analysis were done. The results
suggest that demographic factors play a significant role in the adaptability of micro-mobility.
Motor cycles and buses are commonly used modes of transportation. A willingness to change
the mode of transit was evident based on the metro rail development and last mile
connectivity. Purpose of trip was a significant factor for adaptability of micro-mobility.

References:
[Link]-Marleau J, Lee B, El-Geneidy A (2012) Better understanding of factors influencing likelihood of
using shared bicycle systems and frequency of use transportation research record. J Transp Res Board
2314:66–71
2. Hosseinzadeh, Aryan, Majeed Algomaiah, Robert Kluger, and Zhixia Li. “E-Scooters and Sustainability:
Investigating the Relationship between the Density of E-Scooter Trips and Characteristics of Sustainable
Urban Development.” Sustainable Cities and Society 66 (March 2021): 102624.
[Link]
3.Jäppinen S, Toivonen T, Salonen M (2013) Modelling the potential effect of shared bicycles on public
transport travel times in Greater Helsinki: an open data approach. Appl Geogr 43:13–24
4. Kim, Minjun, and Gi-Hyoug Cho. “Analysis on Bike-Share Ridership for Origin-Destination Pairs: Effects
of Public Transit Route Characteristics and Land-Use Patterns.” Journal of Transport Geography 93 (May
2021): 103047. [Link]
5. Lo, Dominic, Chelsea Mintrom, Kate Robinson, and Ryan Thomas. “Shared Micromobility: The Influence
of Regulation on Travel Mode Choice.” New Zealand Geographer 76, no. 2 (August 2020): 135–46.
[Link]
6. Muhesh, Integration of Public bike sharing system (PBSS) with public transit in Chennai, M.E. Thesis,
Division of Transportation Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University.
7. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Micromobility Policies, Permits, and
Practices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. [Link]

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Holistic Approach to Workplace Wellness-Innovative Design Perspectives

for a Healthier Office Environment
Pooja Upreti – Parul Institute of Architecture and Research, Parul
University
Asmita Deshingkar – Parul Institute of Architecture and Research,
Parul University
Email: [Link]@[Link], asmitadeshingkar@[Link]

Abstract
“Healthy citizens are the greatest asset any country can have”- Sir Winston Churchill. In the
fullness of time, whatever is being designed, built, and developed, has to cater to the needs of
its occupants hence it should serve their physical, mental, social, and emotional well-being.
The built environments comprising the physical structures and spaces where individuals live,
work, and spend most of the time of their lives, play a major role in governing human well-
being. This paper investigates the symbiotic relationship between architecture, design, and its
impact on mental and social well-being in office spaces, envisioning a future where the built
environment becomes a proactive agent in enhancing psychological resilience and
flourishing. The methodology employed in this paper involves a thorough review of two
office spaces which are taken as case studies to determine and understand different parameters
that are considered essential for the overall well-being of the users at their workplaces. The
paper identifies key principles and strategies that can guide future design practices of
workplaces. The synthesis of case study findings with theoretical frameworks and expert
insights bridges the gap between empirical evidence and actionable design guidelines. The
study delves into the ‘Biophilic Design Approach’ by integrating nature in a high-density
urban built environment. The method involved a critical examination of experiential evidence
through interviewing people of the corporate world, focusing on identifying patterns, trends,
and gaps in the present scenario. Furthermore, this research incorporates insights from experts
in architecture, interior design, and psychology through interviews and surveys to gain a
multifaceted perspective on the topic. Ultimately, this paper aims to contribute to a visionary
discourse on the future of holistic well-being through innovative architectural and design
solutions. By combining insights from diverse fields and methodologies, it seeks to inform
practitioners, policymakers, and researchers about the potential of the built environment to
shape a resilient and thriving society.

References:
[Link], S., & Pitkar, Y. (2022). Spaces inspired by Nature. Edition Axel Menges.
2. Biophilic Workspace, an Open and Flexible Architecture. (2021). Retrieved December 2023, from The
Plan: [Link]
architecture-sanjay-puri-architects
3. Botton, A. d. (2006). The Architecture of Happiness. Hamish Hamilton.
4. Designing for Workplace Health and Wellbeing. (n.d.).

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Inclusivity in the Built Environment: A Comparative Study of Autism-

Friendly Design Approaches
Nandini B Sharma –School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi
Bandana Jha – School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi
Priyanka Bhabu – CRIA Foundation, New Delhi
Email: nandini.phd295arch22@[Link], [Link]@[Link]

Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that is on the rise at a
monumental rate. Inclusivity being a key goal under the Sustainable Development umbrella,
brings into light the importance of designing universally accessible spaces for individuals on
the spectrum along with those with other disabilities. Research in the domain of universal
design suggests that the built-environment plays a crucial role in instilling a sense of comfort
in the user groups. There are broadly two design terminologies that have been identified in
this respect, namely: the Sensory-Sensitive Approach and the Neuro-Typical Approach in the
case of design for individuals with autism. While on the one hand, sensory overload is a cause
of concern for individuals with autism, as they may exhibit negative behavioural responses if
triggered, on the other hand real-world experiences equip them with essential skills to survive
and lead an independent, comfortable life. This paper includes a comparative analysis of the
different approaches being applied globally, to create the most suitable built environment for
individuals with autism. Secondary case studies of buildings from across the world have been
reviewed and analysed based on their design concept and application. The characteristics of
each approach are recorded and looked at with great detail. The results showcase which
approach is suitable for which building typology based on the utility, spatial configuration,
and the overall functioning of the building. This study concludes with a discussion of the
implications of each approach on the built-environment suitable for individuals with autism.
The study on the above-mentioned approaches can be used for further research and
development of autism-friendly design interventions and lead the way towards the creation of
a more inclusive and user-centric built environment.

References:
[Link], J., (2001), William James’ Theory of Emotions: Filling in the Picture. Journal for the Theory of
Social Behaviour, 29(3), 251-266.
2. Brown, N. B., & Dunn, W., (2010), Relationship between context and sensory processing in children with
autism. The American journal of occupational therapy, official publication of the American Occupational
Therapy Association, 64(3), 474–483.
3. Developmental Learning Center, Morris Union Jointure Commission, Date of access: 19/01/2024.
4. Doyle N., (2020), Neurodiversity at work: a biopsychosocial model and the impact on working adults.
British medical bulletin, 135(1), 108–125.

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Assessment of Garbage Vulnerable Points (GVPs) in fringe areas of

Vadodara
Ruchita Shah – Faculty of Architecture & Planning, Parul University
Email: ruchita.2087@[Link]

Abstract
Municipal Solid Waste management has become an urgent issue in the burgeoning informal
settlements along the Urban fringes. This study aims to address the issues and challenges
related to solid waste management in a mixed urban fringe settlement. The collection, storage
and disposal of solid waste form the basis of SWM services. While the formal parts of
Vadodara receive waste removal services, the informal parts are not being provided with such
services. The focus of this paper is to present the evaluation results of Garbage Vulnerable
Points (GVPs) and their effects within a mixed urban fringe based on primary and secondary
data. The genesis of existing scenarios of GVPs along with their risk assessment and effects
on the natural drainage and sanitation in the areas will be analyzed. Efforts taken by the
authorities and their effectiveness are important factors for this study.

References:
[Link]. (2023, May 18). In Wikipedia. [Link]
2. Mehta, D., & Mehta, M. (2011). Performance Benchmarking of Urban Water Supply and Sanitation in
Gujarat. ResearchGate.
3. [Link]
4. Visualizations | Government of India. (n.d.). Visualizations | Government of India.
[Link] visualizations/PopulationSearch_PCA_Indicators
5. Mankad, M. (2019). Estimation of Residential Property Values as a Function of its Location using
Geoinformatics - A Case Study of Gotri Area of Vadodara (Vol. 38).
6. Central public health and environmental engineering organization (CPHEEO) MINISTRY OF URBAN
DEVELOPMENT. (n.d.). [Link]. Retrieved May 20, 2023, from
[Link]

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Exploring the Significance of Verandahs in Traditional Dwellings: A Study

of the Hot and Arid Region of Kutch
Mital Patel – Vivekanand Education Society's College of Architecture
Hemant Wala – Vivekanand Education Society's College of Architecture
Email: [Link]@[Link], hwacademics21@[Link]

Abstract
The verandah, a time-honored architectural space, has garnered substantial interest owing to
its adaptability across varying climates. This study delves into the historical significance of
verandahs, exploring their evolution, typologies, and functional roles while emphasizing their
adaptability across diverse climates. This study specifically examines the symbiotic
relationship between verandas within traditional houses in the hot and arid region of Kutch
and the lifestyle of its residents. The research aims to systematically analyze the veranda's
role within dwelling spaces and unravel their intricate connections with the residents'
lifestyles. The objectives encompass understanding the factors influencing the morphology of
verandas and investigating the intricate relationship between context and human behavior.
The findings highlight the verandah's vital role in dwelling space in the hot and dry climate
of Kutch. This investigation sheds light on the nuanced interplay between verandas and the
lifestyle of Kutch's inhabitants, providing valuable insights into how these spaces change with
contextual dynamics, and enriching the understanding of traditional dwelling design in hot
and arid climates.

References:
[Link], Madhavi, and Miki Desai., (2017), Bungalow in Twentieth-Century India: The Cultural Expression
of Changing Ways of Life and ... Aspirations in the Domestic Architecture of Coloni.( ROUTLEDGE).
2. Gujarat State Gazetteers: Kutch District, The Director, Government Printing, Stationery and Publications,
Ahmedabad, Gujarat, (1971), Gazetteer, Government of India.
3. Goswami, Rajratn. Kutch Samskruti: Samasyao ane Samadhan.
4. Jain, Kulbhushan, and Minakshi Jain, (2000), Architecture of the Indian Desert. (India Research Press)
5. Raport, Amos, (1969), House Form and Culture. (United States of America: Prentice Hall).
6. Oliver, Paul. (1978), Shelter and Society. (Barrie & Jenkins).
7. Parmar, V. S., (1989), Haveli: Wooden Houses and Mansions of Gujarat. (United States of America:
mapin publishing pvt ltd).
8. Sharma, Goverdham, and Mehta, Bhavna. Kutch lok ane smaskruti.
9. Udamale, Sanjay, (2003), Architecture for Kutch. (Mumbai: English Edition, 2003)
10. M., Z., L., I., F., Z., & Jamil. (2012). The Social and Environmental Roles of Verandah in Tropical
Houses. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 68, 1702–1704.
11. Radford, D. (1987). West Indian origin for the verandah house, Sabinet African Journals, 1(2), 121-128

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

A Journey through Sacred Spaces - Exploring Multi-Sensory Space for

Mental Wellness
Suchetha M Thazhathil – National Institute of Technology, Calicut
Dhiraj K Thorat – Vishwaniketan College of Architecture Arts & Design, Khalapur
Email: suchetha.v@[Link], dhirajt101@[Link]

Abstract
From prehistoric time, sacred spaces play an important role in day-to-day life and are
considered integral part of human wellbeing. These spaces also had social and cultural
significance. It is believed that people use these spaces to communicate with God and at the
same time experience a sense of calm, relief and peace of mind. Throughout the ages, people
across various faiths and traditions have sought comfort and spiritual rejuvenation within the
confines of sacred spaces, through the practice of prayer or meditation. This research studies
the different sacred spaces of people of different faiths over different ages and how
contemporary religions use these sensory elements to stimulate the senses in worship places.
It evaluates the scale and proportion, orientation, layout, open spaces, approach methods, and
landscape of these spaces, as well as their profound connection with the human senses. This
study evaluates how sensory elements such as acoustics, lighting, colours, odour, and ambient
temperature are conducive in creating the divinity of the space, be it for prayer or meditation.
This study endeavours to understand the intricate relationship between architectural design,
spiritual experiences, and human well-being within sacred spaces with distinct consideration
for prayer rooms and meditation space. Built environment plays an enormous role in
regulating our moods and stimulating our senses to engage in meaningful self-reflection,
which manifests meditation, is often scarce and could be improved by including relevant
elements.

References:
1. Altomonte, S et al, (2020), Ten questions concerning wellbeing in the built environment
2. Barjatya Mayank (2019), New earth university, The 48 Bhaktamar infinity energy healing
3. Garg, Sugam, (2010), Coming together a universal sacred space, 16-29, Corcoran College of Art and
Design, Washington DC
4. Meirosev, Alison. (2008), Ball state university, Indiana, Light, Making the Intangible Tangible in Sacred
Spaces
5. Naomi A. Sachs, (2021), University of Maryland, College Park, Power of sacred spaces.
6. Pearson, M. Parker (2023, December 25). Stonehenge. Encyclopedia Britannica.
[Link]
7. Walker. W.H, et al, (2020), Circadian rhythm disruption and mental health
8. Watson, K. (2018) Establishing psychological wellbeing metrics for built environment. Building Services
Engineering Research and Technology, 1-12.

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Urban Wellness: Assessing the Dynamics of Street Networking and

Green Cover on Urban Wellbeing
Sampurna Biswas – Department of Architecture, National Institute of
Technology Raipur
Vivek Agnihotri – Department of Architecture, National Institute of
Technology Raipur
Email: biswassoumita31@[Link], [Link]@[Link]

Abstract
Our cities are undergoing a thorough transformation due to rapid urbanization due to the
increase in population resulting in increased built-up densities. There is a significant emphasis
on the built environment, with green spaces receiving the least attention in terms of
preservation. There are difficulties in preserving the overall physical and mental wellness of
people, and the relationships between the built environment and open spaces inside the urban
fabric. It had been realized to be crucial during the recent COVID-19 pandemic. The study
examines the relationship between the urban built environment and the well-being of urban
societies, mainly focusing on the share of open spaces such as community parks and their
overall integration with the built surroundings. The connectedness was assessed using Space
Syntax analysis in DepthMapX. The study is carried out for a few distinct wards of Kolkata
to determine the overall correlation between the spatial pattern and the distribution patterns
of COVID-19 infection within the sample wards of the city. Open space proportions, road
connectivity, angular connectivity, segment length, and their integration into the nearby
residential areas are considered. The study aims to discern which factors influence the spatial
distribution of COVID-19 and which are inconsequential. The findings of this correlational
research offer evidence that street networking dynamics in association with the availability of
open spaces directly impact people's well-being. The conclusion of this study offers insights
into the relationship between the built environment and urban well-being, which is vital in
developing a healthy society.

References:
[Link], Z. S., Oueslati, W., & Silva, J. (2015). Exploring the Effect of Urban Structure on Individual Well-
Being. OECD Environment Working Papers No. 95
2. Bendjedidi, S., Bada, Y., Meziani, R. (2019). Urban plaza design process using space syntax analysis: El-
Houria plaza, Biskra, Algeria. Section A: Planning Strategies and Design Concepts, Volume 7, Issue 2, (125-
142)
3. Cavalcante, J. R., & Abreu, A. (2020). COVID-19 in the city of Rio de Janeiro: spatial analysis of first
confirmed cases and deaths. Epidemiologia e Servicos de Saude: Revista do Sistema Unico de Saude do
Brasil, 29(3)
4. Dewi, O. C., et al. (2018). Green Open Space: Awareness for Health or Sustainability?. IOP Conference
Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Volume 120

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

A Comprehensive Analysis of Walkability Enhancement in High-Rise

Urban Areas: The Role of Mixed-Use 3D Zoning
Saikat Ghosh – School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada
Email: me@[Link]

Abstract
The dynamics of urban life are undergoing a paradigm shift as the world becomes increasingly
urbanized. The quality of urban life, embodied in the concept of walkability, is an essential
focal point for urban planners and policymakers. Walkability is no longer a mere matter of
pedestrian-friendly streets; it now encompasses a multidimensional perspective that extends
to the very heights of our urban landscapes. This research explores the compelling interplay
of vertical urbanization and mixed land use, vividly embodied in the concept of "Mixed-Use
3D Zoning," and its profound impact on the walkability of high-rise urban environments.
Our journey unfolds in some of the world's most iconic cities: Hong Kong, Magarpatta City,
Indian Village, Mumbai, Los Angeles, New York, and Sydney. We assess their Volumetric
Walkability Index (VWI), Integrated Land Use Index (ILUI), and Amenity Accessibility Ratio
(AAR). These metrics serve as our guiding compass through the intricacies of vertical living
and mixed land use. The patterns and anomalies that emerge from this exploration paint a
compelling portrait of the modern urban landscape. Our analysis provides a valuable mosaic
of strategies and challenges that urban planners and architects must navigate to create
walkable high-rise communities. Furthermore, this research offers a treasure trove of
architectural guidelines, paving the way for the design of high-rise mixed-use buildings that
prioritize walkability while fostering vibrant and sustainable urban environments. Through
our exploration of 3D urban living, we endeavor to bring cities closer to the ideal of liveable,
dynamic, and pedestrianfriendly urban spaces.

References:
1. Bharucha, J. (2017) ‘An investigation into the walkability problem in Indian cities’, Safer Communities,
2. Frank, L.D. et al. (2021) ‘Comparing walkability methods: Creation of street smart walk score and
efficacy of a codebased 3D walkability index’, Journal of Transport & Health, 21,
3. Koo, B.W., Guhathakurta, S. and Botchwey, N. (2021) ‘How are Neighborhood and Street-Level
Walkability Factors Associated with Walking Behaviors? A Big Data Approach Using Street View Images’,
Environment and Behavior,
4. Trichês Lucchesi, S. et al. (2021) ‘Are people willing to pay more to live in a walking environment? A
multigroup analysis of the impact of walkability on real estate values and their moderation effects in two
Global South cities’, Research in Transportation Economics, 86, p. 100976.
5. Yin, L. et al. (2020) ‘Neighbourhood accessibility and walkability of subsidised housing in shrinking US
cities’, Urban Studies, 59(2), pp. 323–340. doi :10.1177/0042098020962413.
6. Zhao, X., Xia, N. and Li, M. (2023) ‘3-D multi-aspect mix degree index: A method for measuring land use
mix at street block level’, Computers, Environment and Urban Systems
7. Sun, Z. et al. (2021) ‘Time distances to residential food amenities and daily walking duration: A cross-
sectional study in two low tier Chinese cities’, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public
Health, 18(2), p. 839.

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Replacement of Natural Sand with Stone-Dust in Rigid Pavement

R Lalrosanga – Department of Civil Engineering, Mizoram
University
Lalrinchhana – Department of Architecture, National Institute of
Technology Raipur
H. Laldintluanga – Department of Architecture, National Institute of
Technology Raipur
Email: lalrosanga775@[Link], chhanahrahsel21@[Link],
laldin99@[Link]

Abstract
Stone-dust, another name for crusher dust, is a by-product of crushed rocks. Stone-dust is an
industrial waste product that is not fully utilised; disposing of it might have negative
environmental effects. Most people continue to be dubious about its use, and its use in
concrete is still considered risky. The physical characteristics of the stone-dust collected from
several quarry sources in and around the city of Aizawl were examined. To gain further
insight, the individual effects of stone-dust, river sand-Langkaih and standard sand in mortar
were studied including separate consideration in the different mix combination of cement and
stone-dust. Furthermore, to examine the impact of stone-dust on cement concrete
compressive strength and to achieve the ideal compressive strength of cement concrete, the
two categories of sand i.e. stone-dust and natural sand were then blended with various ratios,
including 100, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50. The study reveals that stone-dust and river sand
has a comparable compressive strength in mortar. The mix ratio of 70:30 has produced the
highest compressive strength because of its better gradation. Both environmentally and
economically, stone dust use offers a great deal of promise to replace river sand.

References:
1. B. V. Khode, P. J. Wadhai, S. D. Ghodmare, and H. Ali Khan, “Feasibility study on impact of replacement
of river sand with crushed aggregate in concrete mix,” Materials Today: Proceedings, Aug. 2023.
2. E. S. Rentier and L. H. Cammeraat, “The environmental impacts of river sand mining,” Science of The
Total Environment, vol. 838, p. 155877, Sep. 2022.
3. M. A. Rashwan, T. M. Al Basiony, A. O. Mashaly, and M. M. Khalil, “Self-compacting concrete between
workability performance and engineering properties using natural stone wastes,” Construction and Building
Materials, vol. 319, p. 126132, Feb. 2022.
4. M. Fayaz, R. V. Krishnaiah, K. V. B. Raju, and M. S. Chauhan, “Study and analysis of strength
parameters of concrete with the addition of stone dust, PVC, and fibres,” Materials Today: Proceedings, Jun.
2023.
5. Pavithra and K. Murali, “Crushed-stone sand for use in the development of self-compacting concrete
(SCC),” Materials Today: Proceedings, Apr. 2023.
6. R. Ahmad Khan, J. Nisar Akhtar, R. Ahmad Khan, and M. Nadeem Akhtar, “Experimental study on fine-
crushed stone dust a solid waste as a partial replacement of cement,” Materials Today: Proceedings, Mar.
2023.

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Spatial Manifestations and Implications of Urban Reforms in Surat City

Post 1991 Economic Reforms
Shilpi Aggarwal – School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi
Email: ashilpi8@[Link]

Abstract
Aim of the reforms is to bring about changes that can upgrade the present system with
sustained growth of the place and facilitate well-being of the people. Adoption of urban
reforms focus on enhancing spatial quality of the cities transforming them into engines of
economic growth which finally results in achieving the abovementioned goal. In 1991, Indian
Government conceived economic policies to achieve economic growth of the nation. To
achieve the objectives of economic policies, series of national and urban reforms were
initiated covering wide range of developmental sectors. National policies like SEZ Act 2005,
100% FDI in Infrastructure and real estate resulted in boosting transport infrastructure and
industrial, residential, commercial development. In addition to those urban reforms such as
74th constitutional Amendment in 1992, JnNURM (2005-12), AMRUT, Smart City Mission,
PMAY, Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, etc. from 2015-2020 restructured the scenario of urban
development creating investor friendly environment, transforming cityscape and lifestyle of
citizens. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to relate the objectives of urban reforms with
the transforming-built environment in various forms ultimately achieving the goal of
economic growth and well-being of people with an empirical case of Surat city. Study is based
on primary and secondary data sources discussing the core topic. Findings suggest that post
1991, the policies have improved three broad areas vital for economic growth and spatial
quality enhancement of a place 1) resource availability (i.e. land, finances, infrastructure and
technology), 2) ULB strengthening and 3) reformed city planning approach. The reform
implementation is observed in continuation of the existing town planning process in Surat
city. Three times expansion of SMC area from 112.0 Sqkm (1991) to 326.0 SqKm (2006) and,
38% rise in built-up area under various land-uses from 47% in 1991 to 85% in 2017 for SUDA
area of 715 Sq. Km. are evidences of spatial growth of city. Economy of Surat is largely
dependent on migrant workers, and it is evident that as soon as opportunities are created in
their home land they will prefer to return. Efforts are made to provide shelter with basic
amenities under various schemes still policy efforts are required to address the skill
advancement and social security concerns of the migrant industrial workers in Surat city so
as to sustain the industry in long run. It can be concluded that policy manifestations have
multiplier implications influencing various aspects of society both positive and negatively. It
is important to acknowledge the core strength and potential of the place and address them
through policy interventions so that the benefits are judicially shared with all section of the
society for sustained growth from the development processes.

References:
[Link]. (2022, January). Ministry of Civil Aviation.
2. Ahluwalia, M. S. (2016, July 16). Economics and Political Weekly,
3. Zhang, X. Q.. The economic Role of Cities. Nairobi: United Nations Human Settlements Programme.

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Exploring Biophilic Design: Bringing Nature into the Buildings

Nirmala – Dept. of Architecture, D.C.R University of Science & Technology
Satpal – Dept. of Architecture, D.C.R University of Science & Technology
Email: [Link]@[Link], [Link]@[Link]

Abstract
In current scenario, urban environments are marked by the absence of green spaces and the
overuse of artificial materials which can lead to a range of issues like stress, anxiety, and lack
of well-being. Man-made system and natural system can co-exist in a respectful relationship
rather than one of dominance. Rich, rewarding and long-lasting results of both the systems
are possible, but only if the association changes both partners such that they are more suited
to one another. Minor adjustments to people and their surroundings trigger this reciprocal
adaptation process, but a more deliberate design process is also possible with Biophilic
Design. This paper describes “Biophilic Design" theoretically and also aims to explore the
principles of biophilic design and its applications in architecture design. This paper is based
on the urban ecological knowledge and sustainable principles that underlie biophilic design,
which may influence architects, builders and other stakeholders in the design of built
environment. The impact of urbanization on biodiversity has been thoroughly researched and
biophilic design approach could be used to manage the complex and ever-changing character
of cities. The National Building Code of India provides guidelines for construction of
structures, including biophilic design elements such as environmental features, natural shapes
and forms, natural patterns and processes, light, and space. The paper also examines the
benefits of biophilic design, such as improved air quality, reduced noise pollution and
increased productivity. There are several theories related to biophilic design such as Biophilia,
Biophilia Hypothesis, Attention Restoration Theory (ART), Stress Reduction Theory (SRT)
and Perceptual Fluency Account (PFA). Additionally, the paper also explores biophilic design
of various buildings including Development Alternative World Headquarters, New Delhi;
Biowonder, Kolkata and Paradox, Pune. Biophilic design seeks to bridge this gap by
incorporating natural features, such as plants, natural light and water, into the built
environment to create more comfortable and healthy spaces. The objective of biophilic design
is to bring nature back into the built environment and to emphasize the human connection to
nature by integrating buildings with the local environment. The importance of biophilic
design enables us to experience nature and feel part of it, even in the most crowded cities, and
to improve our connection with nature. In conclusion, this paper argues that biophilic design
is an essential approach to create sustainable and healthy built environments that allow people
to reconnect with nature in a world that is becoming increasingly disconnected from the
natural world.

References:
1. Austen, J. (1814). Mansfield Park. Wordsworth Edition LTD.
2. Browning, W. R. (2014). 14 Patterns of Biophilic Design Improving Health and Well-Being In The Built
Environment. New York : Terrapin Bright Green, LLC.
3. Vagal, R. (2020). Theory of Biophilic Design. (800.554.6637), 1-3.

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Study of Urban Heat Island Effect through the Impact of Regulatory

Norms Causing Changes in Urban Scape: Case of Girgaon, Mumbai
Dipali Vadhavkar – Thakur School of Architecture and Planning, Mumbai
Email: dipalivadhavkar@[Link]

Abstract
India is expected to experience a significant rise in its urban population by 2050. The urban
heat island effect emerges as a crucial environmental issue within the country that requires
attention. The swift urbanization process contributes to this effect through various factors,
such as the absorption and retention of heat by buildings and pavements, diminished
vegetation, and the emission of waste & heat from vehicles and structures. The paper
investigates through case studies how the built & unbuilt fabric in the neighbourhood creates
urban heat island effect in dense neighbourhoods in cities of today.
This phenomenon, known as the urban heat island effect, stems from the rapid alterations in
urban surfaces, leading to elevated surface and air temperatures within the urban boundary
when contrasted with the neighbouring rural areas. The paper questions development trends
of today and tries to identify strategies to facilitate reduction of the urban heat island effect at
microclimatic level. The paper will try to establish the co relationship between the
development regulations & built urban fabric with respect to the urban heat island effect. The
exploration of the research is not limited to the findings in the study but aspires to create
recommendations for policy guidelines or strategies to develop better building codes to reduce
urban heat island effect in neighbourhoods.

References:
1. Li Yanga, Feng Qiana,b, De-Xuan Songa,b, Ke-Jia Zhenga, (2016), 4th International Conference on
Countermeasures to Urban Heat Island (UHI) (2016) Research on Urban Heat-island Effect , Ministry of
Education, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
2. Youpei Hua, Marcus Whiteb, Wowo Dinga, (2016), 4th International Conference on Countermeasures to
Urban Heat Island (UHI) (2016) An Urban Form Experiment on Urban Heat Island Effect in High Density
Area
3. [Link], [Link], [Link], [Link], and [Link]; (2006), Assessing the effect of landuse & land
cover change on the change of urban heat island intensity
4. Girgaum-the-forgotten-heart-of-mumbai/, date of access: 31.01.2024.
[Link]
5. Celebrating Mumbai's Chawls, (April 2018), [Link]
World/CelebratingMumbais-Chawls/
6. How redevelopment ruined Mumbai’s housing and marred the landscape, September 22, 2023
[Link]
7. Development control regulations of Greater Mumbai, (1991), amended in 2012, Clause referred (33) (7)

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Accessibility to Urban Green Spaces for Women Users: A Comprehensive

Approach to Urban Planning
Pooja Chaudhary – Dept. of Architecture, D.C.R University of
Science and Technology
Manoj Panwar – Dept. of Architecture, D.C.R University of Science
and Technology
Email: architectpooja27@[Link], [Link]@[Link]

Abstract
Parks play a vital role in promoting physical and mental well-being and enhancing the quality
of life for urban residents. Women represent almost half the population; however, female
stakeholders use the parks less than their male counterparts. Therefore, it is essential to
understand how women experience and engage with these spaces. The paper comprehensively
reviews women's barriers and challenges in using the parks. The paper investigates the
challenges faced by women in accessing and utilizing green spaces within urban environments
through a questionnaire survey and a mixed methodology approach. It is found that safety and
security, household engagement, cultural barriers, distance from home, and availability of
facilities focus on women. It is also observed that the barriers mentioned above vary with the
age, education, socio-economic profile, marital status, and occupation of women. The
findings highlight the need for inclusive design of urban parks to cater to women's diverse
needs and preferences.

References:
1. Braçe, O., Garrido-Cumbrera, M., & Correa-Fernández, J. (2021a). Gender differences in the perceptions
of green spaces characteristics. Social Science Quarterly, 102(6), 2640–2648.
2. Braçe, O., Garrido-Cumbrera, M., & Correa-Fernández, J. (2021b). Gender differences in the perceptions
of green spaces characteristics. Social Science Quarterly, 102(6), 2640–2648.
3. Chong, S., Lobb, E., Khan, R., Abu-Rayya, H., Byun, R., & Jalaludin, B. (2013). Neighbourhood safety
and area deprivation modify the associations between parkland and psychological distress in Sydney,
Australia.
4. Cohen, D. A., McKenzie, T. L., Sehgal, A., Williamson, S., Golinelli, D., & Lurie, N. (2007).
Contribution of public parks to physical activity. American Journal of Public Health, 97(3), 509–514.
5. Gascon, M., Mas, M. T., Martínez, D., Dadvand, P., Forns, J., Plasència, A., & Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J.
(2015). Mental health benefits of long-term exposure to residential green and blue spaces: A systematic
review. In International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (Vol. 12, Issue 4, pp. 4354–
4379).
6. Hartig, T., Mitchell, R., De Vries, S., & Frumkin, H. (2014). Nature and health. Annual Review of Public
Health, 35, 207–228.
7. Kaczynski, A. T., Johnson, A. J., & Saelens, B. E. (2010). Neighborhood land use diversity and physical
activity in adjacent parks. Health and Place, 16(2), 413–415.
8. Karade, R. M., Kuchi, V. S., & Kabir, J. (2017). The role of green space for sustainable landscape
development in urban areas. Acta Horticulturae, 1181, 73–76.
9. Kaymaz, I., Oguz, D., & Cengiz-Hergul, O. C. (2019). Factors influencing children’s use of urban green
spaces. Indoor and Built Environment, 28(4), 520–532.

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Unveiling the Multifaceted Tapestry of Place Attachment: A Holistic

Exploration in Urban Environments
Kamini Badnore – School of Architecture, IPS Academy Indore
Email: kaminibadnore@[Link]

Abstract
Place attachment serves as a profound and intricate link between individuals and the
environmental context they inhabit, weaving a tapestry of emotional, social, and cultural
dimensions. Despite the undeniable importance of these aspects, urban planners and designers
often prioritize the physical elements when shaping urban spaces, sidelining the equally
significant realms of meanings and attachment in the design processes. To address this
oversight, this study employs a methodology of designed questions to delve into the intricate
dimensions of place attachment, seeking to unravel the values deeply embedded in the lives
of its users. The study centers on specific cases, exemplified by a detailed examination of the
attachment to streets in the bustling city of Indore, Madhya Pradesh. The study's findings
unveil a complex interplay of factors influencing users' responses, shaped by their roles within
the community and diverse ethnic backgrounds. The identified dimensions of attachment
extend beyond mere emotional connections, intertwining with the economic, social, and
cultural fabric of users' daily experiences within these urban spaces. Furthermore, the research
illuminates the prevalence of place memories, providing a poignant illustration of the
enduring impact these attachments have on individuals' recollections and the collective
memory associated with these locations. This study shows to a broad understanding of
variable nature of place attachment and points out the importance for a better approach in
urban planning. It emphasizes the necessity of incorporating the diverse meanings and
attachments individuals associate with their environments into the planning process.
Recognizing and accommodating these intricate layers of connection fosters a more
comprehensive and people-centric perspective in shaping urban spaces. In essence, it calls for
a paradigm shift, acknowledging the intangible yet deeply influential aspects of people's
connection to their urban surroundings. This approach ensures that the planning and design
authentically resonate with the diverse values and experiences of the inhabitants, ultimately
contributing to the creation of more inclusive, meaningful, and harmonious urban and built
environments.

References:
1. Altman, I., & Low, S. M. (1992). Place attachment. New York: Plenum Press.
2. Brown, B. B., & Perkins, D. D. (1992). Disruptions in place attachment. In I. Altman & S. M. Low (Eds.),
Place attachment (pp. 279-304). New York: Plenum Press.
3. Carmona, M. (2010). The place-shaping continuum: A theory of urban design process. Journal of Urban
Design, 15(4), 459-481.
4. Chaudhary, S., & Mohanty, S. (2015). Exploring place attachment in urban India: A qualitative study.
Journal of Environmental Psychology, 40, 288-297.

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Street Network Configuration – A Criterion to Assess Walkability

Potential of a Traditional and Modern Settlement in Chennai, India
P. Dharmambigai – School of Architecture and Planning, Anna
University, Chennai
S. Lakshmi – Dept. of Civil Engineering, Anna University, Chennai
Email: dharmambigaik@[Link], lakshmi_sundaram@[Link]

Abstract
Walking is a physical activity that comes with numerous health benefits. The walkability of a
built environment is influenced by the spatial characteristics of the street network. Traditional
organic settlements and planned contemporary neighborhoods have different spatial
configurations, which affects their walkability potential. In this study, two urban settlements,
in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, namely, Triplicane and Anna Nagar were analyzed to determine their
walkability potential. The study involved space syntax analysis using DepthmapX to evaluate
the syntactic values of connectivity, integration, intelligibility and synergy of the street
network in both areas. The findings of the study were validated through field studies. The
research revealed that both settlements had similar levels of connectivity and integration.
However, the streets were ranked based on their syntactic properties and their walkability
levels. The study concluded that the walkability potential of a neighborhood is not only
dependent on the spatial characteristics of the street network but also on the objective site
conditions, microscale built environment attributes, and walkability barriers.

References:
1 .Bafna, S. (2003). Space syntax: A brief introduction to its logic and analytical techniques. Environment
and Behavior, 35(1), 17–29.
2. Baran, P. K., Rodríed;guez, D. A., & Khattak, A. J. (2008). Space syntax and walking in a New Urbanist
and suburban neighbourhoods. Journal of Urban Design, 13(1), 5–28.
3. Blaga, O. E. (2012). Pedestrian zones as important urban strategies in redeveloping the community - Case
study: Alba lulia Borough Park. Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences, 38, 5–22.
4. Cervero, R., & Kockelman, K. (1997). Travel demand and the 3Ds: Density, diversity, and design.
Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2(3), 199–219.
5. Farzadi Moghadam, N. (2018). Network Analysis for Walkability Based on Activity Distribution through
UNA Tools ) Case Study: Central Area of Tehran(. Hoviatshahr, 12(3).
6. Fonseca, F., Ribeiro, P. J. G., Conticelli, E., Jabbari, M., Papageorgiou, G., Tondelli, S., & Ramos, R. A.
R. (2021). Built environment attributes and their influence on walkability. International Journal of
Sustainable Transportation.
7. Forsyth, A., & Southworth, M. (2008). Guest editorial: Cities afoot - Pedestrians, walkability and urban
design. Journal of Urban Design, 13(1), 1–3.
8. Garau, C., Annunziata, A., & Yamu, C. (2020). A walkability assessment tool coupling multi-criteria
analysis and space syntax: the case study of Iglesias, Italy. European Planning Studies, 0(0), 1–23.
9. Hajrasouliha, A., & Yin, L. (2014). The impact of street network connectivity on pedestrian volume.
Urban Studies, 52(13), 2483–2497.
10. Hart, J. (2009). The health benefits of walking. Alternative and Complementary Therapies, 15(1), 7–10.

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Significance of the Built Environment and Its Impact on Social Wellbeing

at the City Level: A Study
Manita Saxena – School of Architecture, IPS Academy Indore
Email: manitasaxena450@[Link]

Abstract
This research paper explores the significant impact of the built environment on social
wellbeing in cities, employing a mixed-methods approach that includes urban planning,
sociology, and environmental psychology. The study focuses on how urban design,
infrastructure, and public spaces contribute to the social fabric and wellbeing of urban
residents. The paper aims to shed light on how these aspects influence the overall quality of
life for city dwellers, underscoring the importance of creating sustainable, inclusive, and
vibrant cities for societal improvement. In-depth interviews and case studies are conducted to
gather qualitative data on residents' perceptions and experiences of the constructed
environment and its impact on their social wellbeing at the city level. The findings are
analyzed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between the built
environmental and social well-being at the urban level. Overall, the paper affirms the
significance of the build environment in shaping social wellbeing and should be a key
consideration in city planning and policy-making. In addition, it emphasizes the need for
urban planners and policymakers to prioritize the creation of well-designed, accessible, and
green urban environments that promote social wellbeing.

References:
1. Lynch, K. (1960). The Image of the City. MIT Press.
2. Gehl, J. (2010). Cities for People. Island Press.
3. Newman, O. (1972). Defensible Space: Crime Prevention Through Urban Design. Macmillan.
4. Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. Simon &
Schuster.
5. Florida, R. (2002). The Rise of the Creative Class: And How It's Transforming Work, Leisure,
Community, and Everyday Life. Basic Books.
6. Montgomery, C. (2013). Happy City: Transforming Our Lives Through Urban Design. Farrar, Straus and
Giroux.
7. Oldenburg, R. (1989). The Great Good Place: Cafes, Coffee Shops, Bookstores, Bars, Hair Salons, and
Other Hangouts at the Heart of a Community. Marlowe & Company.
8. Sampson, R. J. (2012). Great American City: Chicago and the Enduring Neighborhood Effect. University
of Chicago Press.
9. Brown, A. L. (2022). Urban Planning and Social Equity: A Global Perspective. Oxford University Press.
10. Johnson, M., & Thompson, R. (2021). "The Influence of Urban Design on Community Wellbeing."
Journal of Urban Studies, 58(4), 600-615.
11. Lee, K., & Patel, S. (2023). "Green Spaces in Urban Areas and Their Impact on Mental Health."
Environmental Health Perspectives, 131(2), 174-180.
12. O'Connor, J. (2020). Reshaping Cities for Healthier Lives: Lessons from the Field. Springer Nature.
13. Park, E., & Kim, S. (2019). "Community Engagement in Urban Development and Its Relation to
Resident Wellbeing." City Development Journal, 45(1), 21-37.

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Evaluating the Impact of Double Skin Facades on Indoor Lighting

Conditions in an Architectural College
Pooja Bafna – Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Architecture, Pune
Vaishali Anagal– Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Architecture, Pune
Email: bafnap16@[Link]

Abstract
Using a double-layer facade in architectural education studios is essential to improving human
comfort. This creative design element fosters learning conditions by effectively integrating
lighting elements and efficiently controlling heat gain. Its 8 AM to 5 PM operation guarantees
ideal circumstances all day long, encouraging inhabitant creativity and productivity. The
complete approach highlights a dedication to sustainability and user-centric design principles
in addition to being an outstanding instance of design. The primary objective of this research
project is to thoroughly study how Double Skin Facades (DSF) affect the indoor lighting
conditions of an architectural building. The use of DSF in architecture has become
increasingly popular in modern building design because of its many benefits, including better
thermal performance and lower energy usage. Specifically, DSF is made up of two transparent
layers, such as glass, that are separated from one another by an air gap that serves as an
insulating buffer zone. There aren't any DSF components in the architectural building in Pune,
where the research is situated. This location was selected with consideration for the research
goal, which is to comprehend how various DSF materials impact the amount of natural light
that enters interior spaces through simulation. The study isolates the variable of DSF materials
to evaluate their effect on lighting conditions by maintaining a constant aperture size. A
thorough simulated model of the DSF in the architectural building was developed to support
this investigation. Understanding the architectural features and how they interact with natural
light is made easier with the help of this model. To obtain quantitative data about the amount
of natural light that enters the interior spaces at different times of the day and different periods,
it conducted a thorough field data collection. The process of gathering data included
determining and documenting the illumination levels in various settings. To make inferences
about the lighting performance of various DSF materials, a thorough analysis of the gathered
data was conducted. The study attempts to determine which kind of DSF is best suited for the
site in terms of obtaining ideal indoor illumination by comparing the data collected during
different times of the day and different periods.

References:
[Link] Lang Whan (2023), Optimized Design of Skylight Arrangement to Enhance the Uniformity of Indoor
Sunlight Illumination for School of Information Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan.
2. Hisham A. Maliek (2019), Simulation of indoor solar illumination system for a library hall in Baghdad
city for Ministry of Science & Technology
3. Osama Nair (2023), An Appraisal of Double Skin Facade in Building Design: Architectural Intervention
and Sustainability for International Journal of Architecture and Urbanism.

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Acoustical Materials in Auditoriums: Analysing Installation Techniques

and Assessing VOC Emissions
Juily A. Shirodkar – Shri J.J.T. University, Rajasthan, India
Pooja A. Niphadkar – Shri J.J.T. University, Rajasthan, India
Ajinkya P. Niphadkar – Shri J.J.T. University, Rajasthan, India
Email: juilyshirodkar90@[Link], [Link]@[Link],
[Link]@[Link]

Abstract
Gathering spaces have played a significant role in our society since ancient times, serving as
venues for announcements, functions, and various activities. These spaces, designed
specifically for social gatherings, include auditoriums, multipurpose halls, open-air theatres,
as well as religious places such as temples, mosques, and churches. Throughout history, the
creation of these spaces reflects the innate social nature of human beings and the importance
of communal interaction in various aspects of life. Auditoriums, which are expansive spaces
used for stage performances, speeches, and public assemblies, share a common set of basic
acoustic criteria. These criteria include maintaining low ambient noise levels from both
external and internal sources, eliminating echoes and flutter, and ensuring appropriate
reverberation time. To meet these criteria, the use of suitable acoustical materials for the floor,
ceiling, and walls becomes imperative. Contemporary acoustical materials, as well as
adhesives for panel and carpet installation, and paints used in auditoriums, emit Volatile
Organic Compounds (VOCs). The presence of high VOC content in these materials can lead
to a decrease in occupant productivity, respiratory problems, and various illnesses. Therefore,
it is crucial to investigate the VOC emissions of different contemporary materials and
recommend appropriate choices for the floor, ceiling, and walls of the auditorium. This paper
delves into the study and analysis of acoustical materials, VOC emissions, absorption
coefficients for different frequencies, and installation techniques. By examining various types
of materials and installation methods, the paper aims to provide insights into selecting the
most suitable options for the floor, wall, and ceiling of a multipurpose hall.

References:
1. A, B. (2008). Optimum insulation thickness for building walls with respect to cooling and heating degree
hours in warmest zone of turkey. Building and Environment, 1055-1064.
2. Al-Mumin, A. (2015). Suitability of sunken courtyards in desert climate of Kuwait. Energy and Buildings,
Vol 33, 103-111.
3. Al-Sanea S.A., Z. M.-H. (2012). Effect of thermal mass on performaance of insulated building walls and
the concept of energy saving potential. Applied Energy, 430-442.
4. C.W. Leung, W. C. (2001). Review of four standard tests on flame spreading. Engineering Performance-
Based Fire Codes,Volume 3, Number 2, 67-68.
5. Dr. M. N. Avadhanulu, D. P. (2008). Engineering Physics. New Delhi-110 05: S. Chand & Company
PVT. LTD.

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Urban neighbourhood outdoor environments and Age-friendliness: A

Study of Jaipur City, India
Parshant Rehal – Department of Architecture and Planning, IIT Roorkee
Prabhjot Singh Chani – Department of Architecture and Planning, IIT
Roorkee
Sonal Atreya – Department of Architecture and Planning, IIT Roorkee
Harsimran Kaur – Department of Architecture and Design, IIT BHU
Email: prehal@[Link], [Link]@[Link], [Link]@[Link],
[Link]@[Link]

Abstract
An age-friendly built environment is crucial for older adults to retain an active lifestyle,
impacting their ability to independently execute all their daily activities in out-of-home
settings. The availability of public spaces within outdoor environments is often associated
with improving social inclusiveness and additional health benefits. The aspect of an outdoor
built environment for geriatric populations to enjoy good health and well-being remains
under-studied in the context of Indian cities. Therefore, the study attempts to understand the
key challenges experienced by older adult populations while carrying out their daily activities
in the outdoor built environment in Indian cities. The study hypothesized that the quality of
neighbourhood public and green open spaces, along with the accessibility to such outdoor
spaces, strongly impact the overall satisfaction level of older adults. A mixed-method
approach has been adopted to conduct the study, incorporating observational analysis and
surveys administered among the urban older adult populations. Survey schedules were carried
out among older adult residents (60+ age groups) in and around the urban neighbourhoods in
Jaipur city. Correlation analysis and regression anlaysis was conducted on the responses from
the older adults. Findings indicate that accessibility barriers and safety concerns from traffic
negatively impact the satisfaction and active ageing among elderly residents within the out-
of-home neighbourhood environment. Creating age-friendly neighbourhood spaces and
improving the accessibility linkages between the home and the outdoor built environment
through architecture and design interventions can help improve user experiences and life
satisfaction among the ageing population.

References:
1. Dallat, M. A. T., Soerjomataram, I., Hunter, R. F., Tully, M. A., Cairns, K. J., & Kee, F. (2014). Urban
greenways have the potential to increase physical activity levels cost-effectively. European Journal of Public
Health, 24, 2.
2. de Vries, S., van Dillen, S. M. E., Groenewegen, P. P., & Spreeuwenberg, P. (2013). Streetscape greenery
and health: Stress, social cohesion and physical activity as mediators. Social Science & Medicine, 94, 26–33.
3. Kim, Y., Yeo, H., & Lim, L. (2024). Sustainable, walkable cities for the elderly: Identification of the built
environment for walkability by activity purpose. Sustainable Cities and Society, 100, 105004.

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Accessing the impact of traditional CBDs on liveability: A case of

Tiruchirappalli city

Prithiviraj Muthukumar – School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada

K.I. Syed Ahmed Kabeer – School of Architecture and Planning, Anna
University
Email: m.prithiviraj1998@[Link], kabeer1210@[Link]

Abstract
Central business districts (CBDs) are the vibrant cores of the cities. In India, CBDs have a
unique history, evolving organically since ancient times. If these are planned well, they
become crucial to the functioning of urban areas, offering a dense and compact mix of
commercial, public, residential, institutional, and religious activities. However, older
settlements often struggle with high population density and pollution as they were not
designed for such dense concentrated activity. The question now arises to understand how
these historic CBDs effectively support a city's function and promote liveability within their
boundary. The context chosen for the study is Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, a prominent hub
of tourism, commerce, education, and industry. Its’ CBD, called the Rockfort area, is where
the city's growth started. It contains a religious and heritage precinct as well that attracts
tourists from around the world. By reviewing the literature and conducting questionnaire
surveys for people's perceptions of liveability, comfort, and convenience, various parameters
can be found. The collected data can then be analyzed using statistical methods (SPSS). Based
on the results, the possibilities for optimization can be explored to create thriving and
sustainable urban environments.

References:
1. Abdel-Hadi, A. (2012). Culture, quality of life, globalization and beyond. Procedia - Social and
Behavioral Sciences, 50, 11–19.
2. Allen, N., Haarhoff, E., & Beattie, L. (2018). Enhancing liveability through urban intensification: The idea
and role of neighbourhood. Cogent Social Sciences, 4(1), 1442117.
3. Benita, F., Kalashnikov, V. V., & Tunçer, B. (2020). A Spatial Livability Index for dense urban centers.
Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 48(7), 2006–2022.
4. Bishop, K., & Marshall, N. (2017). Social interactions and the quality of urban public space.
5. Burton, E. (2000). The Compact City: just or just Compact? A preliminary analysis. Urban Studies
6. Çalışkan, O., & Şevik, E. (2022). Urban Form and Liveability: Towards a Socio-Morphological
Perspective. Built Environment, 48(3), 301–316.
7. Chen, J., Liu, Y., Du, Y., Jian-Feng, H., & Fei, T. (2021). Evaluation of Urban Vibrancy and Its
Relationship with the Economic Landscape: A Case Study of Beijing. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-
information, 10(2), 72.
8. City Prosperity Index. (n.d.). [Link]
9. Dieleman, F. M., & Wegener, M. (2004). Compact city and urban sprawl. Built Environment.

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Understanding Psychology of the User's Behaviour in Public Buildings

Sumit – Dept. of Architecture, D.C.R University of Science & Technology

Nirmala – Dept. of Architecture, D.C.R University of Science & Technology
Satpal – Dept. of Architecture, D.C.R University of Science & Technology
Email: sumitjashpal@[Link], [Link]@[Link], [Link]@[Link]

Abstract
The study of architecture shapes the environments in which people live, work, and interact.
This research paper delves into the critical field of psychology in the context of users of public
buildings, describing the complex interplay between users' psychological welfare and
architectural decisions. This research paper aims to explore the fundamental design ideas and
the historical study that highlights the development of the psychology of the user’s behavior
in public buildings with its incorporation into user-centric methodologies and looks at how
designers and architects can use psychology to make environments that are more than just
functional and promote positive experiences for a range of user groups in public buildings.
The importance of user-centered design ideas is established at the paper's outset. It examines
how an awareness of a user’s behavior and cognition influences architectural decisions,
resulting in public buildings that are not only aesthetically pleasing but also intuitively
practical. Subsequently, this study looks into how psychology affects users’ experience in
public buildings. This research paper explores how architects improve the entire user
experience by taking emotional and cognitive reactions into their design considerations. In
this research paper, cultural and socioeconomic effects on psychology are highlighted,
providing insight into how architects incorporate cultural sensitivity into the designs of public
buildings. This research paper delves deeper into the users' effective and mental reactions to
architectural features in public buildings. This research paper explores the analysis of
architectural forms, spatial organization, and color psychology, and also presents how these
factors contribute to the overall atmosphere and affect users' mental and emotional states. As
sustainability gains importance in today's architectural discourse, this study clarifies how
sustainable design and psychological effects are mutually beneficial. Environmentally
responsible decisions not only support ecological responsibility but also positively impact
users' well-being in public buildings. The research paper delves into how architects utilize
innovations to landscape settings that adjust to the requirements of their users. Psychological
research informs human-centered design interfaces, which improve public buildings' general
usability and accessibility showcased with the case study of Swaminarayan Akshardham
Temple (New Delhi) constructed in 2005, Lotus Temple (New Delhi) constructed in 1986,
and Jawahar Kala Kendra (Jaipur, Rajasthan) constructed in 1991. The research paper
concludes the user’s behavior in architectural practice by providing a thorough analysis of the
subject for users of public buildings. Through the adoption of user-centered design principles,
cultural sensitivity, and sustainable practices, architects skilfully manage the intricate
interplay between functionality and aesthetics, that not only fulfil practical needs but also the
varied psychological experiences of the people they work with and live in.

References:
1. Carlsson, G., Slaug, B., Schmidt, S. M., Norin, L., Ronchi, E., & Gefenaite, G. (2022). A scoping review
of public building accessibility. In Disability and Health Journal (Vol. 15, Issue 2).
2. Graham, G. (2006). Can There Be Public Architecture? In Source: The Journal of Aesthetics and Art
Criticism (Vol. 64, Issue 2).

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Developing Urban Design Framework for Public Open Spaces in Kerala

Dilshana Siyad – Department of Planning and Architecture, CET, Kerala
Email: dilshana7539@[Link]

Abstract
Open spaces, vital for human health, social interaction, and environmental well-being, are
rapidly shrinking due to unplanned urbanization. Kerala's lack of open spaces poses several
challenges, including reduced access to green spaces, increased urban heat island effect,
fragmentation of ecosystems that leads to reduced resilience to climate change, reduced water
retention, erosion and pollution, health hazards, reduced community cohesion, economic
impacts and loss of cultural identity. The open spaces are integral parts of larger ecosystems
and are essential for biodiversity, water management, and climate regulation. However, a lack
of holistic planning and community involvement often leads to fragmented and inaccessible
open spaces. The study of existing master plans and policy frameworks for open spaces in
Kerala has revealed a significant lack of adequate open spaces that meet the needs of the
society and the open spaces that do exist are often in poor condition, further exacerbating the
issue. The present study aims to propose a framework that helps to upgrade both the quantity
and quality aspects of open spaces in Kerala. The quantity aspect covers the overall landscape
elements (geology, climate, soil, water, flora and fauna, land cover, etc.), Urban character
(population, sectors and geomorphological structure) and Urbanization (urban core, fringe
and rural) to propose an overall structure plan for open spaces (areas to be conserved,
reclaimed, rehabilitated, etc.). This would help to connect open spaces with the entire
landscape. The quality aspect is addressed by proposing regulatory frameworks for open
spaces. This is done by classifying open spaces (Recreational, functional, natural/ semi-
natural, protected) under different heads and to suggest parameters (that can be used to
develop guidelines) derived from theories and user’s perception (assessing existing areas) for
these open spaces. The framework developed will form the base for designing open spaces
that is context specific and integrates the social, cultural and environmental aspects of an area
and will help urban designers and planners to formulate guidelines accordingly.

References:
1 .Berfin Şenik, (2022), A process approach to the open green space system planning. Landscape and
ecological Engineering
2. Flood Mitigation Kochi, Irrigation Department Ernakulam, Date of access: 01/02/2024.
3. Jan Gehl., (2010), Cities for People (Island Press)
4. Jan Gehl., (2011), Life Between Buildings (Island Press)
5. Juan Li, Anrong Dang, Yan Song, (2022), Defining the ideal public space: A perspective from the
publicness. Journal of Urban Management, 11(4), 479-487
6. Kochi Municipal Corporation, Draft Master Plan for Kochi Municipal Corporation
7. M. Lorenzo, M.L. Ríos-Rodríguez , E. Suárez , B. Hernández , C. Rosales, 2023, Quality analysis and
categorisation of public space, Heliyon, 9(3)

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Sensory Experiences in the Built Environment

Sanya Jain – D.C.R University of Science & Technology
Kalpana – D.C.R University of Science & Technology
Sneh – D.C.R University of Science & Technology
Email: vdiansanya@[Link], kalpana8511@[Link],
[Link]@[Link]

Abstract
Architecture has the power to impact our lives in various ways. The most interesting aspect
lies in the interactions of a space to make it more experiential and memorable. The
experiences in the early stages of lives are so deeply imbibed in the senses that they stay
forever in the mind. There is an interplay between our senses through which we understand
and respond to our surroundings. Skilful composition of design elements creates spatial
harmony, much like a chef's balance of flavours in a dish. Beyond mere visual perceptions,
various senses converge to create feelings, form memories, capture sounds, and much more.
A survey of 110 architects highlights their perceptions about integration of sensory elements
in the built environment. Preliminary findings suggest rich considerations within architectural
practice, emphasizing the significance of sensory design. The case studies examine selected
architectural projects renowned for their innovative approaches to sensory engagement. The
exploration of design elements such as scale-proportions, light, and texture reveal their
profound impact on human perception and wellbeing. In an urbanized world, the integration
of thoughtful sensory design emerges as a critical aspect of creating spaces that positively
influence the human experience. This research contributes insights on enhancing the quality
of built spaces by harnessing the power of sensory engagement.

References:
1. Abhinav Guppta, A. R. (2017). GARDEN OF FIVE SENSES.
2. Bower, I., Tucker, R., & Enticott, P. G. (2019). Impact of built environment design on emotion measured
via neurophysiological correlates and subjective indicators: A systematic review. Journal of Environmental
Psychology, 66.
3. C.N., S., & Nair, S. (2014). Understanding Multisensory Architecture. In ARCHITECTURE - Time Space
& People (pp. 30-35). Council of Architecture.
4. Iosifyan, M., & Korolkova, O. (2019). Emotions associated with different textures during touch.
Consciousness and Cognition, 71, 79–85.
5. K, S., Naidu, K., Shanthini, M., & Yogapriya, D. (2022). Sensorial Design Approach in Built
Environment.
Journal of emerging technologies and innovative research, 9(8).
6. Karmele, H.-P., Aspuru, I., Iraurgi, I., Santander, Á., Eguiguren, J. L., & García, I. (2019). Going beyond
Quietness: Determining the Emotionally Restorative Effect of Acoustic Environments in Urban Open Public
Spaces. Environmental Research, 16(7).
7. Khatri, A. (2019). Rethinking the Future. Retrieved from [Link]
[Link]/architecturalcommunity/a7577-how-do-textures-change-the-emotions-in-a-space/
8. Khodadadian, A. (n.d.). Sensuality.

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Exploration of Built Environment through the lenses of Elderly – A Case

of Amarabati, Kolkata
Sudeshna Roy – Dept. of Architecture and Planning, IIEST Shibpur, West Bengal
Varsha Vinod – Dept. of Architecture and Planning, IIEST Shibpur, West Bengal
Keya Mitra – Dept. of Architecture and Planning, IIEST Shibpur, West Bengal
Email: [Link]@[Link], [Link]@[Link],
keyamitra@[Link]

Abstract
The planning and design of built environment plays a crucial role by influencing the
perception and behaviour of its users. The initiatives by World Health Organization (WHO)
to promote age-friendly neighbourhoods, creates an opportunity to develop the built
environment to accommodate the elderly to lead active lives, with enhanced health, social
engagement and independent identity. In order to improve the lifestyle and psychology of
elderly persons, it requires intangible stimulations, it is also possible to create a platform
where the social engagements and community building can be carried out freely. Hence the
psychological impact, safety, comfort, social potential of urban and architectural spaces plays
a major role. This study aims to explore the built environment through the perception of the
elderly, at a neighbourhood level, and identify the various potential and challenges, to enhance
the liveability of the elderly. The research initiates with the study of identification of the users,
their psychological characteristics, challenges experienced in the built environment and ways
to uplift their experiences. Extensive literature study, followed by analysis of secondary case
studies and CPWD guidelines, aided in understanding the user requirements. The background
study was adopted to analyse a neighbourhood level area, of Amarabati in Kolkata, to identify
the extent of elderly friendly environment. Through visual survey, questionnaire and
discussions with users of neighbourhood area, the issues faced by the elderly community were
analysed. It is found that an elderly friendly space needs to maintain four parameters, i.e.,
safety, support, cognition and wellbeing, in the design. Through providing good accessibility,
safe and secure environment, good legibility of the space and scope for social interaction, an
ideal built environment for the elderly community can be created. Specific recommendations
to enhance the accessibility, cognition, safety and social interaction hotspots have been
designed for the study area. The aspects as simple as ergonomics of furniture, proper lighting,
landscaping tools, accessibility measures and safety measures are key to provide a platform
for social interaction and psychological enhancement.

References:
1. Belinda Yuen, C. W. (2018). Surveying Older Adults’ Perceptions and Aspirations. In Ageing and the
Built Environment in Singapore (pp. 1-44). Singapore.
2. Belinda Yuen, P. N. (2018). Investigating Space, Activities and Social Dynamics. In Ageing and the Built
Environment in Singapore (pp. 175-219). Singapore: Springer Link. 3. Belinda Yuen, S. W. (2018).
Designing with Older Residents. In Ageing and the Built Environment in Singapore (pp. 259-281). Springer
Link.

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Urban transformation of Nashik City: Healthy streets and Built

Environment
Nilesh Kale – Dept. of Civil Engineering, S. V. National Institute of
Technology, Surat
Prajjwal Tank – Dept. of Civil Engineering, S. V. National Institute
of Technology, Surat
Email: nileshkale3927@[Link], prajjwal.tank1@[Link]

Abstract
India's towns and cities struggle to maintain a happy and healthy community. The concept of
Healthy Streets offers people around the world a result-based approach to creating sustainable
and attractive urban spaces. The purpose of the Healthy Streets Approach is to create a city
where people choose to walk, cycle, and take public transportation to create a more inclusive
and healthier street environment. Nashik, a city of religious importance has tourist activities
as the backbone of the economy. Nashik is suffering from a lack of street infrastructure needed
to make its residents keen to walk. The study focuses on transforming the roads of Nashik
into healthy streets for well-being. The study emphasizes the role of surroundings and built
environment on the pedestrian & health behavior of residents. It also reveals the importance
of public transport in traffic management. In the current scenario, the roads of Nashik city are
not pedestrian-friendly. To overcome the concept of healthy streets needs to get implemented.
The study proposed a three-year action plan for Nashik City in terms to make it livable and
walking-friendly. This plan envisions a livable and pedestrian-friendly cityscape, focusing on
diverse facets of transport infrastructure, including a public bicycle system, optimized parking
solutions, and the integration of green landscapes. In this holistic approach, the study not only
underscores the vital role of the built environment in shaping pedestrian behavior but also
highlights the crucial role of public transport in effective traffic management.

References:
1. McIntosh, J., Marques, B., & Melody, S. (2021). Healthy Streets: Adopting International Benchmarks in
Medium Density Cities. Urban Policy and Research, 351-376.
2. Niranjan, J., Chenna, M. K., Bhandari, A., & k, S. (2017). Development of Scenarios & Urban Mobility
Plan Report. nashik: Urban mass transit company limited.
3. Plowden, B. (2020). Creating healthy streets for sustainable cities – delivering public health benefits
through redesigning London’s streets. Cities & Health, 156-161.
4. Taccone, A. (2022). Healthy Cities with Healthy Streets, Towards a New Normal of Urban Health and
WellBeing. Springer International Publishing, (pp. 612-621).

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Biophilic Design Approach in Regenerating the Socio-cultural Well-Being

of Delhi NCR Region
Garima [Link] – Dept. of Design, Apeejay Institute of Design, New Delhi
Priyanka Shukla – Dept of Architecture and Design, Lovely Professional
University
Email: garimasans@[Link], [Link]@[Link]

Abstract
The paper aims to study the socio-cultural stratification of the Delhi NCR region and the
implication of biophilic designs. The detrimental effects of pollution have led to compromised
air quality, warranting a re-evaluation of design methods. As design professionals, we are
exploring. This approach seeks to infuse design with natural elements, creating a
transformative environment promoting physical and mental health. We focus on integrating
this approach into existing frameworks, thus augmenting their impact. The paper is a strategic
approach to studying nature and indigenous skills to create a built-in environment for the
cosmopolitan doctrine and to resonate with the cultural identity of the Delhi NCR region. In
this viewpoint, the paper discusses opportunities for combining integrated spaces with
biophilic interventions, like light therapy and non-pharmacological practices, to create a
sustainable and culturally resonant space for uprooting mental and physical health. The study
intricately weaves the region's elements, inherited from the diverse art forms and living styles
of people of the NCR region who have migrated from various parts of the country to the
Capital and the NCR region. Through in-depth analysis of users' perspectives and case studies,
the research aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the shedding lights and adding
nature to design in fostering self-care. The unearth transformative approach seeks to foster
nature in the modern building dwelling. Adding these modalities can also improve depressive
symptoms and can add a therapeutic interior environment solution to the users. Following the
principles of salutogenesis and amalgamating the biophilic interior design practices, the
research has helped provide a few approachable solutions to regenerate socio-cultural well-
being. To put the best foot forward, the effort has been put in not only to work towards the
well-being, both mental and physical, of the residents but also to build an aesthetic tapestry
which has direct and indirect resonance with, by and for nature, to strike sustainability with
energy-efficient solutions. After entering this era of post-COVID-19, when people are aware
that in-house sanity is of utmost importance, biophilic interventions in interior practices have
become a boon.

References:
1. [Link], E. (1984, 2003). Biophilia. London: Harward University Press.
2. Dalley, S. (2013). The Mystery of the Hanging Garden of Babylon: An Elusive World Wonder Traced.

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Planning for Sustainable Carrying Capacity using SAFE Approach:

Trimbak Town, Nashik
Anupama Prasad Bhonge – Dept. of Planning, COEP Technological University
Isha Panse – Dept. of Planning, COEP Technological University
Email: anupamabhonge@[Link], [Link]@[Link]

Abstract
The world population is getting concentrated in urban areas across the globe. In the year 2015,
54% of the population lived in urban areas, which contributed to 80% of the world’s Gross
Domestic Product (GDP). It is a challenging task for planners to manage the urban system
with the available resource constraints. The urban system has a certain carrying capacity to
accommodate the population. This paper aims to contribute to understanding the role of
carrying capacity of built environment in subjective well-being of residents. The urban system
has a certain carrying capacity to accommodate the population. Quality of life decreases due
to an increase in population in the urban system when it reaches beyond the carrying capacity.
This paper calculates carrying capacity of a tourist city through critical infrastructure of water
supply and solid waste with and without considering tourist population and understanding its
role in well-being of residents of the city. Carrying capacity assessment plays an important
role in developing the built environment in a planned manner by restricting the growth in
areas where the carrying capacity has already been reached. It is important to look forward to
the carrying capacity assessment from a land use planning perspective to ensure integration
of land use, infrastructure, and the carrying capacity. Sustainable Accommodation through
Feedback Evaluation - SAFE Approach Model has been used here to assess the infrastructure
carrying capacity of Trimbak, Nashik, Maharashtra. Tourist population of Trimbak majorly
includes regular devotees coming to Trimbakeshwar temple which is one of the 12
Jyotirlingas in India. Trimbakeshwar is also known for Kumbhmela which comes after 12
years. The method considers the land needed for infrastructural uses within the urban system
and the land required determines the carrying capacity. New infrastructure assets should be
prioritized, planned, designed, built, and operated to account for the climate changes that may
occur over their lifetimes. The carrying capacity is assessed based on the land requirement.
GIS technique is used to make the necessary assessment of the carrying capacity of the
system. The paper concludes at how carrying capacity changes when tourist/ pilgrims’
population is taken into consideration.

References:
1. Maria Giovanna Occhipinti, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Guwahati, (2011-12), URBAN
CARRYING CAPACITY, Guwahati, 9, 14-22.
2. Jayeshkumar Maheshkumar Bhagwat, Devadas Varuvel, (April 2021), Sustainable Infrastructure Planning
by Using Carrying Capacity Assessment in Gwalior City, 7-15.
3. Nitish Kumar, (Feb 2017), Urban Carrying Capacity Assessment for metropolitan area: Case study of
Patna City, Bihar, India, 1-3.

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Assessing Healthcare Accessibility of Tribal Settlements: Core Tiger

Reserve area, Melghat Region
Kamesh M Jaiswal – Dept. of Planning, COEP Technological
University
Isha Panse – Dept. of Planning, COEP Technological University
Email: kameshjaiswal224@[Link], [Link]@[Link]

Abstract
Disparities in healthcare accessibility need to be re-evaluated in the context of developing
countries, particularly in tribal regions. The criteria for allocating healthcare facilities are
typically based on demand and supply. However, this varies for remote and hilly areas which
are mostly inhabited by tribal populations. This paper aims to assess healthcare accessibility
in tribal regions using spatial accessibility methods. An assessment has been conducted to
determine the accessibility of villages in the tribal region of Melghat in the Amravati District.
This was done using methods of travel scenarios, the 2 Step Floating Catchment Area Model
(2SFCA), and healthcare preferences. Certain parameters have been identified to assess the
accessibility of healthcare in villages. These parameters include healthcare spatial coverage,
capacity, and preference. In the initial phase, the catchment area has been determined based
on the speed and time taken in various travel scenarios. In the next step, the accessibility of
healthcare centres is measured by considering the population ratio and then by summing up
all values of the service areas within the catchment area. It has been observed that disparities
in healthcare accessibility exist due to road conditions, mode of transport, transport
availability, travel time, affordability and personal preferences. The study aims to Assess the
Healthcare Accessibility of Tribal region using the methods of Spatial Accessibility and social
aspects of accessibility. This study will help researchers and policymakers identify
underdeveloped areas in tribal regions, leading to improvements in infrastructure such as road
networks and better allocation of PHCs

References:
1. Ashish Satav, K. S. (2015). Expanding Health Services to Melghat Region in Amravati. Retrieved from
Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences.
2. GOI. (2012). MoHFW. Retrieved from Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.
3. Guagliardo, M. F. (2004). Physician accessibility: An urban case study of pediatric providers. Health &
Place, 273-283.
4. India, M. (2011). Census Report (2011). Delhi: Ministry of Home Affairs.
5. Joseph, A. E. (1984). Accessibility and utilization:Geographical perspectives on health care delivery.
London: Harper & Row Publishers.
6. Kanuganti, S. S. (2016). Evaluation of access to health care in rural areas using enhanced twostep floating
catchment area (E2SFCA) method. Journal of transport geography, 45-52.
7. Luo, W. &. (2009). An enhanced two-step floating catchment area (E2SFCA) method for measuring
spatial accessibility to primary care physicians. Health and peace, 1100-1107.
8. MoHFW. (2022). Indian Public Health Standards - National Rural Health Mission. Delhi: Government of
India.

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Evaluation of Perception of Public Spaces in an Indian city

Rebecca Singh Jadon – School of Architecture & Design, ITM University Gwalior
Email: jadonrebecca@[Link]

Abstract
Public spaces are an intrinsic part of our urban life. How these spaces are perceived and how
this perception is linked to the physical and perceptual characteristics of the spaces is an
important step towards understanding our urban spaces. Such studies can aid towards the
design of better urban public spaces. Herzog (1992), Mehta (2007, 2014) have sought to work
with the characteristics features of urban spaces and people’s perceptions. The Public Space
Index uses the five dimensions of meaningful activities, inclusiveness, pleasurability, comfort
and safety (Mehta, 2014). Evans et al (2019) have carried forward Mehta’s Public Space Index
with reference to public parks, testing its versatility. This paper outlines the study of public
spaces in an Indian city, broadly based on the Public Space Index and attempts to analyse the
outcomes with reference to the characteristics, history and functions of these spaces. The
study has been carried out through perception surveys conducted among users of two public
spaces in the historical town of Gwalior.

References:
1. Aguila, M., Ghavampour, E., & Vale, B. (2019). Theory of Place in Public Space. Urban Planning, 4(2),
249-259.
2. Bonaiuto, M., Fornara, F., & Bonnes, M. (2003). Indexes of perceived residential environment quality and
neighbourhood attachment in urban environments: a confirmation study on the city of Rome. Landscape and
Urban Planning, 65, 41-52.
3. Carmona, M. (2015). Re-theorising contemporary public space: a new narrative and a new normative.
Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability, 8(4), 3730405.
4. Craik, K.H., Zube, E.H. (eds) Perceiving Environmental Quality. Environmental Science Research, vol 9.
Springer, Boston, MA.
5. Evans, J., Evans, S., Morgan, J., Snyder, J., & Abderhalden, F. (2018). Evaluating the quality of mid-sized
city parks: a replication and extension of the Public Space Index. Journal of Urban Design, 24(1), 119-136.
6. Fornara, F., Bonaiuto, M., & Bonnes, M. (2010). Cross-Validation of Abbreviated Perceived Residential
Environment Quality (PREQ) and Neighborhood Attachment (NA) Indicators. Environment and Behavior,
42(2), 171-196.
7. Gokce, D., & Chen, F. (2021). Multimodal and scale-sensitive assessment of sense of place in residential
areas of Ankara, Turkey. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 36, 1077-1101.
8. Herzog, T. (1992). A Cognitive Analysis of Preferences for Urban Spaces. Journal of Environmental
Psychology, 12, 237-248.
9. Kaplan, R., Kaplan, S., & Brown, T. (1989). Environmental Preference: A Comparison of Four Domains
of Predictors. Environment and Behavior, 21.
10. Kaplan, S. (1987). Aesthetics, Affect, and Cognition: Environmental Preference from an Evolutionary
Perspective. Environment and Behavior, 19(3), 3-31.
11. Lynch, K. (1960). The Image of the City. NY: MIT Press.
12. Mehta, V. (2007). A Toolkit for Performance Measures of Public Space. 43rd ISOCARP Congress 2007.
Retrieved from [Link]
13. Mehta, V. (2014). Evaluating Public Space. Journal of Urban Design, 19(1), 53-88.

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Exploring the impact of Visual Comfort on Occupants: A Comparative

Study across Different Green Building Rating Systems
Abinaya J – School of Architecture, CHRIST (Deemed to be
University), Bengaluru
Anitha Suseelan – School of Architecture, CHRIST (Deemed to be
University), Bengaluru
Email: ar.abijay1011@[Link], [Link]@[Link]

Abstract
This research paper undertakes a comprehensive exploration of the impact of visual comfort
on occupants within lecture halls, also employing a comparative study specifically on the
visual comfort parameter across different green building rating systems. Focusing on the
pivotal role of indoor environmental quality, the study investigates how visual comfort
significantly influences the well-being and satisfaction of occupants in educational settings.
The comparative analysis encompasses four Indian green building rating framework,
elucidating their distinct approaches and criteria related to visual comfort assessment. The
research scrutinizes and compares the methodologies and criteria applied by various systems
in evaluating visual comfort within built environments. This dual-focused investigation aims
to identify commonalities, disparities, and best practices associated with visual comfort
assessment. The findings contribute valuable insights to the ongoing discourse on
standardizing and enhancing visual comfort considerations in sustainable building practices,
offering practical implications for the design and evaluation of educational spaces. In
synthesizing these perspectives, the research presents a thorough comprehension of the
intricate relationship between visual comfort, occupant satisfaction, and sustainable building
practices, thereby providing holistic guidance for the advancement of educational
environments with a focus on visual comfort.

References:
1. ASSOCHAM. (2020). GEM Sustainability Certification Rating Program For New Buildings.
2. Baker, N., Fanchiotti, A., & Steemers, K. (2015). Daylighting in architecture: A European reference book.
Daylighting in Architecture: A European Reference Book, 1–381.
3. Boyce, P., Hunter, C., & Howlett, O. (2003). The Benefits of Daylight through Windows.
4. Bureau of Energy Efficiency. (2009). Energy Management in Your School has.
5. Cantin, F., & Dubois, M. C. (2011). Daylighting metrics based on illuminance, distribution, glare and
directivity. Lighting Research and Technology, 43(3), 291–307.
6. Carlucci, S., Causone, F., De Rosa, F., & Pagliano, L. (2015). A review of indices for assessing visual
comfort with a view to their use in optimization processes to support building integrated design. Renewable
and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 47(7491), 1016–1033.
7. Costanzo, V. (2019). Static and Dynamic Strategies for Improving Daylight Use in Side-Lit Classrooms :
A Case Study.

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Natural ventilation in Urban high rise and building Aerodynamics

Aprajita Kaushik – School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal
Email: Aprajitakaushik@[Link]

Abstract
Natural ventilation is widely adopted ecological approach in building design. However, its
implementation in tall buildings is challenging due to the presence of turbulent and unstable
winds in urban morphology. Many advance technology systems are suggested that are needed
to monitor and regulate the building’s ventilation, leveraging adaptive building facade and
adjust ventilation modes accordingly. To create natural ventilation in tall buildings, a novel
passive element like 'stack' can be deployed, which functions based on the law of
aerodynamics and the fluctuation in air pressure due to wind flow. Additionally, the use of a
ventilated double-skin facade represents an alternative approach to achieving natural
ventilation in high-rise buildings. This approach relies on the thermal buoyancy generated by
air density differences to drive hot-pressed natural ventilation, albeit at a limited height. The
present study highlighted these limitations, as well as the use of a ventilated double-skin
façade, in the context of natural ventilation in tall buildings. The notion of being
environmentally sustainable is to use naturally available resources on site. Hence the wind
speed on higher floors must be utilized for natural ventilation. The ventilated double skin
facade as a strategy is not favourable for wind forces as compared to stack as the required
airflow rate is achieved in the latter case

References:
1. Al-awag, E. A. N., & Wahab, I. A. (2022, May). Perspectives in double-skin façade (DSF) advantages and
disadvantages. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 1022, No. 1, p. 012003).
IOP Publishing.
2. Arya, B., Moravej, M., Simsir, C. C., & Jain, A. (2022). Performance of Exterior Sliding Glass Doors
Subjected to Extreme Wind Pressures. In Forensic Engineering 2022 (pp. 383-392).
3. Azarbayjani, M. (2022). High-performance Double Skin Façade Buildings: Climatic-based Exploration.
Taylor & Francis.
4. Erell, E., Pearlmutter, D., & Williamson, T. (2012). Urban microclimate: designing the spaces between
buildings. Routledge.
5. Etheridge, D., & Ford, B. (2008, March). Natural ventilation of tall buildings–options and limitations. In
CTBUH 8th world congress (pp. 3-5). Nottingham: School of the Built Environment, University of
Nottingham.
6. Georgiou, L., Afxentiou, N., & Fokaides, P. A. (2023). Numerical Investigation of a Novel Controlled-
Temperature Double-Skin Façade (DSF) Building Element. Energies, 16(4), 1836
7. Gonçalves, J.C.S. and Umakoshi, É.M., 2010. The environmental performance of tall buildings.
RoutledgeFrankel, E. G., 1987, the World Shipping Industry (London, U.K.: Croom Helm).
8. Gonzalez-Longo, C., & Mohd Sahabuddin, M. F. (2019). High-rise social housing in hot-humid climates:
towards an ‘airhouse’standard for comfort. Applied Sciences, 9(23), 4985.
9. Gratia, E., & De Herde, A. (2007). The most efficient position of shading devices in a double-skin facade.
Energy and buildings, 39(3), 364-373.

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Psychological Impact of Built Environment Within an Urban Sprawl Of

Aizawl
Ramthianghlimi Tlau – Dept. of Planning and Architecture, Mizoram
University
Vanlalruatfeli Bawitlung– Dept. of Planning and Architecture, Mizoram
University
Lalrintluangi Colney – Dept. of Planning and Architecture, Mizoram
University

Abstract
Urbanization plays a key role in affecting human health, both physically and mentally, as
demographics become more concretely urbanized. The aim of this study is to determine how
the layout of built structures, architecture, and infrastructure influence residents' mental well-
being in Aizawl's urban sprawl, particularly within residential neighbourhoods. It strives to
explore the sophisticated ratio between the physical surroundings and the mental wellbeing
of residents. The research is about the dynamic cohesion of architectural design, community
synergies, and individual well-being. It emphasizes the factors that assist or mitigate stress,
social cohesion, and overall psychological experiences within the built environment. With the
help of comprehensive analysis, implying both qualitative and quantitative surveys, it tends
to contemplate significant perceptions enhancing mental health to provide a more conducive
and supportive built environment.

References:
1. Gehl, J. (2013). Cities for people. Island press.
2. Melis, G., Gelormino, E., Marra, G., Ferracin, E., & Costa, G. (2015). The effects of the urban built
environment on mental health: A cohort study in a large northern Italian city. International journal of
environmental research and public health, 12(11), 14898-14915.
3. “Kopec, D. (2018). Environmental psychology for design. Bloomsbury Publishing USA.
4. Mouratidis, K. (2019). Compact city, urban sprawl, and subjective wellbeing. Cities, 92, 261-272.
5. Gehl, J. (2011). Life between buildings.

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Space Harmonization in Internal Architecture - An Interplay Between

Tangible Elements for A Holistic Design
Ramthianghlimi Tlau – Dept. of Planning and Architecture, Mizoram University
Sylvia Romawizuali– Dept. of Planning and Architecture, Mizoram University
Zothankimi – Dept. of Planning and Architecture, Mizoram University
Zothanzuala– Dept. of Planning and Architecture, Mizoram University
Email: artyrella19@[Link], pcsylvia@[Link], kimimdes15@[Link],
zothanmdes18@[Link]

Abstract
Harmonization within architectural components is a primary factor that governs all aspects of
space formulation. Apart from minimal functionality, to implement the physical, emotional,
and spiritual attributes of humans, the study aims to address the users perceptions of harmony
and disharmony in architectural space. It helps to explore the concept of spatial design
internally, examining how the alignment and design of interior spaces affect inhabitants’
experiences and overall well-being. This paper involves organizing tangible factors and the
interplay between design elements—form, colour, texture, and arrangement of components—
to execute cohesive and unified design. Based on case studies and design principles analysis,
the research aims to interpret the psychological and aesthetic magnitude of spatial layout,
assess feasible inputs to create internal spaces for better functionality and well-being, and
achieve a holistic approach and tranquillity within space.

References:
1. Senses of place: architectural design for the multisensory mind, Charles Spence, (2020)
2. Harmonizing spaces: human-centric lighting principles & soundscape design for enhanced environments,
Dr Shelley James and Dr Gunnar Cerwén, (2024)
3. Creating Harmony: Integrating Interior Design with Architectural Elements, (2023)
4. Benefits of harmony and space in interior buildings, Salvocorp, (2019)
5. Harmony of Place:geometrical order of architectural space vs. human experience of place - searching for a
common language in designing process, Magdalena Żmudzińska-Nowak, (2015)
6. The Importance of Recessed Harmony in Architectural Elements, Zephyr Aguilera, (2023)
7. The Principles of Design – Unity & Harmony, Heather Helms, (2017)

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

HVAC retrofitting for improving Infection Control in Hospitals

Madaka Ruchith Rao - Department of Building Engineering and
Management, School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi
Sushil Kumar Solanki - Department of Building Engineering and
Management, School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi
Email: mruchithrao@[Link], sushilsolanki@[Link]

Abstract
Hospitals which are the major infrastructure in the treatment of infected people, infection
control is needed the most since a similar outbreak can happen at any time there is a need to
upgrade the existing hospitals which are designed based on previous guidelines. HVAC
systems are the major services to be changed to incorporate these infection control guidelines
in the hospitals. The purpose of this research is to identify the procedure to retrofit a hospital
to incorporate Infection control provisions to a large extent.

References:
1. ASHE. (2021). Current/Updated Health Care Facilities Ventilation Controls and Guidelines for
Management of Patients with Suspected or Confirmed SARS-CoV-2. Geneva: ASHRAE.
2. ASHRAE. (2013). HVAC Design Manual for Hospital and Clinics,” Second Edition. Atlanta, GA:
American Society for Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
3. Hina Zia, R. S. (2021). Engineering Solutions for Preventing Airborne Transmission in Hospitals with
Resource Limitation and Demand Surge. Engineering Solutions for Preventing Airborne Transmission - JP
Journals, 453–460.
4. Humphreys, H. (2021). Infection prevention and control considerations regarding ventilation in acute
hospitals. Infection Prevention in Practice, 1-3.
5. Jeon, B. (2016). A method for selecting HVAC retrofit solutions for existing small- and medium-sized
commercial Buoldings. Purdue University E -Pubs.
6. Khan, M., Thaheem, M. J., Khan, M., & Moqsoom, A. (2020). Thermal Comfort and Ventilation
Conditions in healthcare Facilitiies: Improving IEQ through Ventilation Retrofitting. Environmental
Engineering and Management, 2059-2075.
7. Mohammadpour, A. (2014). Retrofitting Healthcare facilities to enhance patient safety and Energy
Efficiency. ProQuest LLC, 1-21.
8. Naglaa A. Megaheda, E. M. (2020). Antivirus-built environment: Lessons learned from Covid-19
pandemic. Sustainable Cities and Society, 1-9.
9. Olmsted, R. N. (2021). Reimagining Construction and Renovation of Health Care Facilities During
Emergence from a Pandemi. Infect Dis Clin N Am, 697–716.
10. R, A. F., hanafy, A., Elhelw, M., & Sayed, E. (2016). Retrofitting of existing buildings to achieve better
energy-efficiency in commercial building case study : Hospital. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 3061-3071.
11. Rakshit, D., Permana, I., & Kusnandar. (2020). Improvement of a Negative-Pressurized Isolation
Infection Control . MDPI, 1-11.
12. Tingxu, LiJun, J., & YangJiawei. (2021). SARS-CoV-2 presented in the air of an intensive care unit
(ICU). Sustainable Cities and Society 65, 120446.

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School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Examining The Factors Affecting Building Rehabilitation Projects in India

Through Confirmatory Factor Analysis
Vinay Verma – Dept. of Architecture, D. C. R. University of Science & Technology
Satpal – Dept. of Architecture, D. C. R. University of Science & Technology
Email: vinayverma,x5@[Link], [Link]@[Link]

Abstract
Parametric sustainability is an innovative approach to sustainable design and architecture that
integrates the principles of parametric design with sustainability objectives. The aim of this
study to investigate the concept of parametric sustainability and its application in optimizing
building performance. The need to create sustainable solutions for the built environment is
becoming increasingly urgent, as global environmental concerns increase. Parametric design,
with its ability to produce and assess multiple design iterations, presents a promising way to
improve the sustainability of a building's performance. The idea of parametric sustainability,
guiding principles, and applications in the realm of architecture and building design were
examined in this study. However, there are currently few design possibilities that have been
investigated and few performance evaluation techniques that are available to designers during
the early stages of design. In order to help designers assess daylighting and energy efficiency,
produce optimal design solutions, and comprehend the connection between design factors and
performance metrics, this research suggests a new process for optimising building
performance. The suggested approach to performance optimization makes use of a number of
tools and technologies, including generative algorithms, parametric design, and building
simulation tools such as Rhino3d (Version 7), Grasshopper Tools including Ladybug-1.50,
Honeybee-1.50 and Climate Studio (Version 1.9). This approach uses parametric design to
thoroughly study many architectural design options, building performance is assessed by
modelling and simulation of daylighting, radiation and energy, design choices with the best
energy and daylighting performance are found using generative algorithms. A case study was
carried out to test and verify the efficacy of the building performance optimization. Total three
optimization processes: daylighting, energy and radiation is carried out. This approach
effectively demonstrated its capacity to adjust to different design settings and produce design
solutions with appreciable performance improvements through the optimization stages. This
performance optimization analysis of three optimization cases also revealed general building
performance. These findings can also be recommended further to provide design guidelines
for sustainable buildings. This study offers architects, designers, and other stakeholders a road
map for maximising building performance by utilising the possibilities of parametric design,
adding to the continuing conversation on sustainable architecture.

References:
1. Stavric, M., & Marina, O. (2011a,b) Parametric modelling for advanced architecture Folding View project
2. ENERGY. (2017) 3. Polytechnica, P., & Eng, S. C. (2003). Sustainable Architecture
4. World Urbanization Prospects The 2014 Revision Methodology

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School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Digital Twins in Built Environments: Opportunities and Challenges

Satpal - Dept. of Architecture, D. C. R. University of Science &
Technology
Bhumik Kumar – Dept. of Architecture, D. C. R. University of
Science & Technology
Sandhya Dua – Dept. of Architecture, D. C. R. University of Science
& Technology
Email: [Link]@[Link], bhumikkumar06@[Link],
sandhya08dua@[Link]

Abstract
The Digital Twin (DT) concept was developed at the start of the twenty-first century, but it
had not gained traction by the middle of the previous decade. The aim is to understand the
digital twin concept and its application in design and urban planning. It is a concept that has
been first introduced into the field of practical industrial products and has since expanded into
a wide range of products and services. However, there is still no obvious purpose for these
technologies or how they might be applied to address specific demands or assets in the
building industry. The construction business has a tremendous economic and environmental
impact, yet it lags far behind other industries in terms of digitalization. After a review of the
research history in this field and its current use on the market, it proposes to analyze the aim,
existing, and future state of digital twin construction within the industrial sector.
The prior emphasis of this work was to apply the digital twin concept to construction, design,
and building life cycle management, as well as to investigate the merits and drawbacks of
such application. As a result, efforts should be directed toward technologies that can be used
to translate into assets, such as intelligent management, and that will produce actual outcomes
that can exist outside of the theoretical domain. It will allow work to be moved from the
physical world to the digital world, resulting in considerable increases in productivity and
effectiveness. The use of digital twins is critical to ensuring maximum performance, and they
have proven successful in terms of cost savings and improved reliability for capital-intensive
equipment such as jet engines, as well as in construction to improve building security and
sustainability. Limitations of existing and emerging applications are also noted. It closes by
emphasizing the value of DT applications in the building industry. This will allow work to be
moved from the real world to the virtual world, significantly improving efficiency and
effectiveness.

References:
1. Adekunle, S. A. (2021). Digital Transformation in the Construction Industry-A Bibliometric Review .
Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology.
2. Brilakis, I., Fischer, H., & Fellow, S. (2019). Built Environment Digital Twinning
3. Evans, S., Savian, C., Burns, A., & Cooper, C. (2018). Digital twins for the built environment
4. Ferko, E. (2023). Towards a standards-based architecture for digital twins facilitating interoperability
5. FitzLeverton, J. (2022). Digital twins from design to handover of constructed [Link]).

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Urban Sprawl Measurement and Monitoring as A Planning Support

System: A Case of Rohtak, Haryana, India
Lalit Kumar - Dept. of Architecture, DCRUST, Murthal
Manoj Sehgal - Urban Planner and Architect, Rohtak, Haryana, India
Email: armanojsehgal@[Link]

Abstract
Urban sprawl is notable in Indian metropolitan areas like Delhi, Mumbai, and Kolkata, as
well as in rapidly growing cities such as Rohtak, Sonepat, and Panipat within Haryana, India.
Urban sprawl has become a focal point in academic discourse, policy formulation, and
executive deliberations, generating considerable attention and discussion within the Indian
context. It calls for effective measurement and monitoring within the planning support system.
Urban sprawl, marked by the simultaneous presence of rural and urban elements, is a
phenomenon that undergoes continual changes in land utilization, population attributes, and
societal structures. Employing a comprehensive methodological approach, this paper explores
urban sprawl in Rohtak, focusing on the Medium Town Level-II category as per URDPFI
guidelines. The research examines the scope and attributes of urban sprawl by employing
remote sensing, GIS techniques, and spatial analysis. The findings unveil notable land-use
alterations, notably a substantial surge in developed areas attributed to swift urban expansion.
While the study contributes valuable insights for effective planning and sustainable
development in Rohtak, its sole focus is on the city limits generalizability to other regions.
The reliance on remote sensing and GIS techniques, with potential limitations in capturing
social and economic dimensions, highlights the need for a more comprehensive exploration.
The study's limited examination of policy and governance factors influencing urban sprawl
represents a gap. Despite this, the research establishes the importance of comprehending the
dynamics of urban sprawl and provides essential insights for the sustainable development of
Rohtak.

References:
1. Abidin, M. R., & Arfan, A. (2019). Detection of Development and Density Urban Build-Up Area with
Satellite Image Overlay. International Journal of Environment, Engineering and Education
2. Angel, S., Parent, J., Civco, D., Blei, A., & Potere, D. (2011). The dimensions of global urban expansion:
Estimates and projections for all countries, 2000-2050. Progress in Planning
3. Attri, P., Chaudhry, S., & Sharma, S. (2015). Remote Sensing & GIS based Approaches for LULC Change
Detection-A Review. International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, 5(5), 3126-3137.
4. Banai, R., & DePriest, T. (2014). Urban Sprawl: Definitions, Data, Methods of Measurement, and
Environmental Consequences. Journal of Sustainability Education, 7(2), 1-15.
5. Batty, M., Besussi, E., & Chin, N. (2003). TRAFFIC, URBAN GROWTH AND SUBURBAN SPRAWL
6. Bhat, P. A., Shafiq, M., A. Mir, A., & Ahmed, P. (2017). Urban sprawl and its impact on landuse/land
cover dynamics of Dehradun City, India.
7. Bhatta, B., Saraswati, S., & Bandyopadhyay, D. (2010). Quantifying the degree-of-freedom, degree-of-
sprawl, and degree-of-goodness of urban growth from remote sensing data. Applied Geography
8. Census of India. (2011).
9. Chapple, K. (2018). The fiscal trade-off: Sprawl, the conversion of land, and wage decline in California

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School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Optimization of window sizes in the learning environment to enhance

Daylight availability in the interiors using lighting simulation software
[Link] - Department of Architecture, SAP ,Anna University,
Chennai
[Link] - Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University,
Chennai
Email: [Link]@[Link], lakshmi_sundaram@[Link]

Abstract
Sunlight is an abundant source of light in a hot and humid place like Chennai. Daylight is
free, green and has the ability to improve productivity of the users. Fenestrations help in
letting daylight into the buildings and also aid in providing views outside for the users.
Changing the color of the outdoors helps in understanding the change in time of the day which
in turn helps in improving the mental health of the users. This paper aims to analyze the size
and the type of openings in the school classrooms with reference to the site conditions and
the illuminance levels that are obtained indoors. Study has been done to understand the factors
that influence the illuminance levels on the work plane in a classroom. Location of the
classrooms like ground floor or first floor, having open spaces or compound walls next to
them, presence of vegetation can impact the level of natural light during the day. Schools have
various layouts of plan like rooms located with single or double loaded corridors, depth of the
corridors, shading device design can directly affect the illuminance levels in the classrooms.
Samples of schools were chosen depending on various parameters of the sites like the
location, orientation of the classrooms, open spaces and existing vegetation, etc. The
illuminance levels have been measured using an illuminance meter and lighting simulation
has been done using a lighting analysis software. It has been found that the illuminance levels
are less than the levels specified in the codes for institutional spaces. The research is
undertaken to optimize the opening sizes, so that the required illuminance levels can be
achieved in differing site conditions.

References:
1. Katrien Cuyvers, Gio De Weerd, Sanne Dupont, Sophie Mols and Chantal Nuytten, Institute for
Educational and Information Sciences, Instructional and Educational Science, University of Antwerp “Well-
being at school: does infrastructure matter?”
2. Peter Barrett, Yufan Zhang, Joanne Moffat, Khairy Kobbacy School, Maxwell Building, University of
Salford “A holistic, multi-level analysis identifying the impact of classroom design on pupils’ learning”
[Link] J. Fraser, Learning Environments Research 1: 7–33, 1998. . “Classroom environment instruments:
development, Validity and applications” © 1998 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands
4. Parveen Khan and Mohammad Iqbal , Overcrowded classroom: a serious problem for teachers. Parveen
Khan et al./ Elixir Edu. Tech. 49 (2012) 10162-10165
5. Qaiser Suleman, Dr. Ishtiaq Hussain. “Effects of Classroom Physical Environment on the Academic
Achievement Scores of Secondary School Students in Kohat Division, Pakistan”
6. Lorraine E. Maxwell. “Home and School Density Effects on Elementary School Children-The Role of
Spatial Density” Environment and Behaviour (July 2003) vol. 35 no. 4 566-578

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School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

A Review of current research on Building Automation Systems for

Commercial and Office Buildings
Mohammed Athar Mansury - School of Planning and Architecture,
New Delhi
Bandana Jha - School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi
Email: [Link]@[Link], jha@[Link]

Abstract
Building automation and control systems (BACs), which are also widely referred to as the
components of an Intelligent Building, enable building plants to be monitored and managed,
boosting user comfort while lowering operating and maintenance costs. In many other
literature studies, (Aghemo et al., 2014)A large quantity of literature on intelligent buildings
has been produced during the previous three decades. However, a thorough evaluation of prior
research initiatives and accomplishments is lacking for the substantial data on commercial
buildings. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to identify research trends and patterns in
Building Automation Systems (BAS) specifically for commercial buildings. To achieve this
aim, a systematic literature review of BAS was conducted using topic-specific keywords to
categorize and summarize relevant studies. Among the 63 articles altogether which made up
the final selection, the search was restricted to the research works published during the past
15 years; the majority of these have been published after 2015. These statistics show that
research in building automation is becoming more and more popular. A large quantity of
literature on intelligent buildings and on building automation has been produced during the
previous two decades roughly. But most of them were addressed to the residential sector.
Hence, in the case of commercial buildings, there is a dearth of a comprehensive assessment
of previous research efforts and successes. Our study indicates a new dimension and possible
area of research in the topic of Building Automation and Energy Efficiency in Commercial
and Office Buildings, which is backed by the literature. Lastly, we tried to touch one another
aspect of its applicability in the countries like India.

References:
1. Agarwal, Y., Balaji, B., Gupta, R., Lyles, J., Wei, M., & Weng, T. (2010). Occupancy-driven energy
management for smart building automation.
2. Ahmadi-Karvigh, S., Ghahramani, A., Becerik-Gerber, B., & Soibelman, L. (2017). One size does not fit
all: Understanding user preferences for building automation systems. Energy and Buildings
3. Asad, O., Erol-Kantarci, M., & Mouftah, H. (2013). A Survey of Sensor Web Services for the Smart Grid.
Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks
4. Babu, S., Zhou, J. (2019). Investigation of an integrated automated blinds and dimmable lighting system
for tropical climate in a rotatable testbed facility. Energy and Buildings.
5. Bellido-Outeirino (2012). Building lighting automation through the integration of DALI with wireless
sensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics
6. Demeure, A (2015). Building and Using Home Automation Systems
7. Domingues, P. (2016). Building automation systems
8. Dong, B. (2018). Modeling occupancy and behavior for better building design and operation

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School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Exploring Bio-Inspired Facade for a Sustainable Future

Ritika Rehal - School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi
Nirmala - School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi
Satpal - School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi
Email: ritikarehal30@[Link], [Link]@[Link],
[Link]@[Link]

Abstract
Façade designing has been evolving to complex parameters, aiming to increase the sustainable
requirements of the building. Responding to the increased concern about the role of building
sector in energy consumption and its disastrous environmental impact, a shift in thought
process has been going in the field of architecture and construction industry. Bio-inspired
designs can be one of the possible sustainable solutions to this problem. Various sophisticated
mechanisms of nature provide innovative solutions to mankind over thousands of years.
Natural processes incorporate sustainability principles to a larger extent than manmade
systems. This research paper is a review of secondary data containing existing published and
unpublished research papers and report addressing the ideas of bio-inspiration and its key
aspects i.e. biomimetics and biophilic. The comparative analysis of case studies of Media-
TIC building, Barcelona (2009), BIQ (Bio-Intelligent Quotient) apartment building, Germany
(2013) and Shibori Office, Gandhinagar, Gujarat (2021) built on the principles of
bioinspiration helps in overall understanding of the concept. This study contributes to a better
understanding of the functional correlation between the skin of organisms and the building
facades. The comparison of façade to organism skin and body shells provides the list of roles
that traditional façade typology only partially fulfils and enables for innovative designs. The
aim is to study the recent technological advancement and opportunities in sustainable façade
designing. The scope is to extensively validate bio-inspired strategies and active material
research is required to obtain findings in order to efficiently transfer biological technique into
technological solutions. This research concludes that bio-inspiration not only shows
innovative design principles that are derived from nature but also signifies a promising shift
towards sustainable architecture solutions for the future.

References:
1. Abdel, H. (2021). Shibori Office / The Grid Architects. Retrieved
2. Avcioglu, B. C., & Basak, H. (2020). Increasing efficiency with biomimetic approach in thermos
regulative building envelope strategies supporting internal thermal comfort.
3. Badarnah, L., Farchi, Y. N., & Knaack, U. (2010). Thermoregulation, Solutions from Nature For Building
Envelope. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment.
4. Ball, P. (2001). Life’s lessons in design. Nature
5. Benyus, J. M. (2002). Biomimicry: innovation inspired by nature. New York
7. Deutschland, A. (2018). Architonic.
8. Faragalla, A. M., & Asadi, S. (2022). Biomimetic Design for Adaptive Building Façades: A Paradigm
Shift towards Environmentally Conscious Architecture. Energies, 15, 1-22.
9. Gruber, P., & Gosztonyi, S. (2010). Skin In Architecture: Towards Bioinspired Facades. WIT Press.

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School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Passive Design Techniques in Net Zero Building

Sahil Rohilla - Dept. of Architecture, D. C. R. University of Science
& Technology
Nirmala - Dept. of Architecture, D. C. R. University of Science &
Technology
Satpal - Dept. of Architecture, D. C. R. University of Science &
Technology
Email:sahilrohillasfd2001@[Link], [Link]@[Link],
[Link]@[Link]

Abstract
To achieve net-zero energy buildings and bring in a new age of sustainable architecture, this
research paper explores the field of passive design solutions. This research paper investigates
the value of passive design strategies in achieving net-zero energy buildings. The efficiency
of passive design techniques, such as thermal mass, insulation, daylighting, natural
ventilation, and orientation, is investigated in this research. The report emphasizes the
importance of these measures in lowering energy consumption and minimizing environmental
effects by examining case studies of successful net-zero buildings. Emerging potential
including building material developments and integration with renewable energy sources are
considered with the problems of technology limits and financial consequences. The
importance of passive design in sustainable building is emphasized in the paper's conclusion,
along with some useful suggestions for the next architectural techniques. The
recommendations include cooperative efforts to promote supporting building codes, the
smooth integration of innovative building materials, and the synergy between passive design
and renewable energy. The architectural community can make a substantial worldwide
contribution to a resilient and sustainable built environment by implementing these tactics.

References:
1. Abdellah, R. H. (2019). Examining the Influence of Passive Design Approaches on NZEBs: Potential Net
Zero Healthcare Buildings Implementation in Malaysia.
2. Abdou, N., & Mghouchi, Y. E. (2021). Multi-objective optimization of passive energy efficiency
measures for net-zero energy building in Morocco.
3. Alajmi, A., Rodrígueza, S., & Sailor, D. (2018). Transforming a passive house into a net-zero energy
house: a case study in the Pacific Northwest of the U.S.
4. Charron, R., & Athienitis, A. (2006). Design and Optimization of Net Zero Energy Solar Homes.
[Link], Y., & Fadar, A. E. (2022). Energy, economic and environmental benefits of integrating passive
design strategies into buildings: A review.
6. Fengb, W., Zhang, Q., & Jia, H. (2019). A review of net zero energy buildings in hot and humid climates:
Experience learned from 34 case study buildings.
7. Harkouss, F., & Fardoun, F. (2018). Passive design optimization of low energy buildings in different
climates. Passive designs and renewable energy systems optimization of a net zero energy building
8. Kang, J. E., Ahn, K. U. (2015). Assessment of Passive vs. Active Strategies for a School Building Design.
9. Lan, L., Wood (2019). A holistic design approach for residential net-zero energy buildings:
10. Musall, E., Weiss, T., & Voss, K. (2002). Net Zero Energy Solar Buildings

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Multi-Hazard Building Resilience Index, A Case Study of Hospital in New

Delhi
Madaka Ruchith Rao - Department of Building Engineering and
Management, School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi
Sushil Kumar Solanki - Department of Building Engineering and
Management, School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi
Email: mruchithrao@[Link], sushilsolanki@[Link]

Abstract
Buildings constructed nowadays consider all of the important aspects associated with hazards,
and all standards are updated following current disaster research. However, older structures
must now be renovated in terms of resilience to withstand the new changes that have occurred
in their surrounding environment. To make an existing building robust to hazards efficiently
and cost-effectively, the existing capacity of the building must be known before interventions
can be recommended. As a result, from the literature, there is a need to assess the resilience
of the current building concerning different hazards approach. There are numerous ways to
quantify a building's resilience capacity in terms of specific disasters such as earthquakes,
floods, and cyclones, but there is no resilience index that can evaluate a building's resilience
in a holistic fashion for Multi-hazard building resilience. The impact of numerous risks on the
building and their impact potential is based on the vulnerability atlas. Furthermore, by
critically examining several current models for measuring disaster resilience of individual
disasters, it is shown that the Time-varying Functionality curve method is ideal for
quantifying resilience for a Multi-hazard approach. The resilience index is then created by
identifying a correlation between various resilience parameters. This Multi-Hazard resilience
index is verified in the case study example which has revealed that the building was resilient
when it was built initially, but after a while, due to deterioration & change in the surrounding
context, the overall resilience of the building has been not up to the benchmark. If we can add
any interventions and verify the resilience of the building with cost-effective & efficient
alternatives.

References:
1. BMTPC. (2023). Vunerebility Atlas.
2. BRI-UserGuide. (2022). Building Resilience Indexing. Washington: International Finance Corporation.
3. Bruneau, M. (2003). A Framework to Quantitatively Assess and Enhance the Seismic Resilience of
Communities. Earthquake Spectra, 733-752.
4. Coki´c, a. F. (2021). Fragility and Vulnerability Analysis of an RC Building with the Fragility and
Vulnerability Analysis of an RC Building with the. Building MDPI, 1-24.
5. Derek Freckleton, K. H. (2012). Evaluation of Resiliency of Transportation Networks After Disasters
6. Disaster-Alliance, T. (2011). Defining Disaster resilience-A DFID Approach Paper. UK
7. Envi&Cons. (2007). A Dictionary of Environment and Conservation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
8. Gourbesville, J. B. (2014). Flood Resilience Index - Methodology And Application. 11th International
Conference on Hydroinformatics (pp. 1-9). New York: CUNY Academic Works.
9. HAZUS. (1997). Hazus is a nationally standardized risk modeling methodology. Washington US
10. Hazus–MH2.1. (n.d.). Multi-hazard Loss Estimation Methodology. Washington (FEMA).

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Advancing Thermal Comfort in Indian Homes: The Latest in Residential

Insulating Materials for Composite Climates
Aditya Sanyal– Dept. of Architecture & Planning, Gautam Buddha University
Nirmita Mehrotra- Dept. of Architecture & Planning, Gautam Buddha University
Email: akshaysanyal@[Link]

Abstract
Building homes that offer the best possible thermal comfort throughout the year is a difficult
task given India's varied environment, which is characterized by a combination of both
summer and winter seasons. Conventional building materials frequently cannot withstand the
extremes of both bitterly cold winters and sweltering summers, which increases the need for
energy-intensive mechanical and electrical heating and cooling systems. As a result, modern
insulating materials are being used by architects and builders to transform residential
buildings across the nation. Often dubbed the world's lightest solid, aerogel insulation is one
innovative substance that is attracting interest. Aerogels, which are composed of over 95%
air, have exceptional thermal insulation qualities. Aerogels significantly reduce heat
transmission in the setting of India's composite climates, where temperature changes are high,
guaranteeing that indoor areas stay pleasant regardless of external weather conditions. VIPs,
or vacuum insulation panels, are yet another noteworthy invention. By completely
surrounding a core material in a vacuum, these thin but incredibly effective panels drastically
reduce heat conduction. VIPs are a space-efficient option because of their design, which
enables architects to easily incorporate them into roofs and walls without compromising
living space. VIPs provide improved thermal insulation in composite climates, which lowers
the amount of energy needed for heating and cooling. Phase Change Materials (PCMs), which
address the dynamic character of these climates, have become an adaptive insulation option.
During phase transitions, PCMs can store and release thermal energy, capturing excess heat
during the day and discharging it at night. This dynamic behaviour helps to keep interior
temperatures constant, which lessens the need for air conditioning or heating systems to run
constantly. Cellulose insulation (which is made from recycled paper) is becoming more and
more popular for its environmentally beneficial qualities. Cellulose insulation that has been
treated with fire retardants offers good thermal resistance at a reasonable price. It is a good
choice for residential buildings in India's composite climates and fits perfectly with the
growing emphasis on sustainability in construction techniques. According to this research, the
use of these cutting-edge insulating materials marks a paradigm change in India's approach to
residential building. The advantages of increased energy efficiency, cozy living areas, and
environmental sustainability make these materials essential for building homes resilient to the
various climate hazards that come with composite climates. With more architects and builders
implementing these technologies, India's residential construction industry seems to be headed
for a more comfortable, energy-efficient, and sustainable trajectory.

References: 1. Smith, J. A., & Patel, R. (2020). "Climate-responsive housing in India”

2. Gupta, S. (2019). "Assessment of thermal performance of residential buildings in composite climates."
3. Kumar, A., & Sharma, B. (2021). "Emerging trends in residential insulation for hot and humid climates”

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School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Impact of the courtyard on thermal comfort in an institutional building

Supreeth Acharya - Manipal School of Architecture and Planning
Gowri Shenoy - Manipal School of Architecture and Planning
Email: [Link]@[Link]

Abstract
A courtyard is an architectural design element that brings elements of the outdoors into the
interior of a building with a focus on providing natural light, ventilation, connection with
nature, and a sense of openness within the building. Furthermore, in institutional buildings
courtyards create an ambience for learning environment and social interaction. This study
focuses on how a courtyard can create an impact on thermal comfort for institutional buildings
in warm and humid climates. The factors of thermal comfort such as aspect ratio, building
orientation, vegetation integration, comfort level, type of courtyard and materials through
sampling design (questionnaire) and simulation. The study helped to understand the factors
of discomfort and comfort in courtyard in both summer and winter. The questionnaire and
simulation data were summarized and integrated to formulate design guidelines to achieve
thermal comfort in courtyard. The proposed guidelines can be useful for courtyards in future
institutional buildings for similar climate.

References:
1. Aparicio-Ruiz, P., Barbadilla-Martín, E., Guadix, J., & Muñuzuri, J. (2021). A field study on adaptive
thermal comfort in Spanish primary classrooms during summer season.
2. Frankel, E. G., (1987) Early design evaluation of low-rise school building morphology on energy
performance: Climatic contexts of Southeast Europe.
3. Díaz-López, [Link] action strategies in schools: A scientific mapping towards eco-efficiency in
educational buildings. Journal of Building Engineering.
4. Diz-Mellado (2021). Extending the adaptive thermal comfort models for courtyards.
5. Ghaffarianhoseini, A., Berardi, U., & Ghaffarianhoseini, A. (2015). Thermal performance characteristics
of unshaded courtyards in hot and humid climates.
6. Rodríguez, C. M., Coronado, M. C., & Medina, J. M. (2021). Thermal comfort in educational buildings:
The Classroom-Comfort-Data method applied to schools in Bogotá, Colombia. Building and Environment.
7. Rodríguez-Algeciras, J., Tablada, A., Chaos-Yeras, M., De la Paz, G., & Matzarakis, A. (2018). Influence
of aspect ratio and orientation on large courtyard thermal conditions in the historical centre of Camagüey.
8. Soflaei, F., Shokouhian, M., & Mofidi Shemirani, S. M. (2016). Traditional Iranian courtyards as
microclimate modifiers by considering orientation, dimensions, and proportions.
9. Subhashini, S., & Thirumaran, K. (2018). A passive design solution to enhance thermal comfort in an
educational building in the warm humid climatic zone of Madurai. Journal of Building Engineering.
10. Zamani, Z., Heidari, S., & Hanachi, P. (2018). Reviewing the thermal and microclimatic function of
courtyards.
11. Zhu, J., Feng, J., Lu, J., Chen, Y., Li, W., Lian, P., & Zhao, X. (2023). A review of the influence of
courtyard geometry and orientation on microclimate. In Building and Environment (Vol. 236). Elsevier Ltd.
12. [Link]
13. [Link]
14. [Link]

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School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Window Design for Daylight in Buildings

Satpal - Dept. of Architecture, D. C. R. University of Science &
Technology
Nikita - Dept. of Architecture, D. C. R. University of Science &
Technology
Email: 200026nikita@[Link]

Abstract
Designing windows to admit natural light in buildings plays a central role in promoting
occupant health, energy efficiency and sustainable architectural practices. Natural light
through thoughtful window design not only reduces the need for artificial lighting but also
helps create healthier and more comfortable indoor environments. Day lighting design goes
beyond figuring out how to provide an inhabited room enough light. Effective window design
requires a strategic balance between maximizing daylight and minimizing heat absorption or
unwanted glare. It consider factors such as window orientation, size, shape and choice of glass
material to optimize the distribution of daylight in interior spaces. It consider that climate
impact on the building while absorbing daylight through the various window factors
preventing by the help of various window design techniques. The aim of this research is to
quantify the natural day lighting into building through the various window designs and shape.
This research represents the phenomenon of day lighting in buildings. It shows the
understanding of energy load in the building which is support by the various formats of the
windows formats, their size and orientation of the building. This research simply represents
the building simulation for integrated day lighting by Revit 2018 tool and standards. This tool
is capable of importing the visual comfort and properties from different glazing, sizes and
their shading position from the Window Information System (WIS) Program. This
methodology is used to derive the different daylight for different sky conditions. Its
implement the daylight calculation which allows the shades through the window recess and
overhang. The conclusion of this research is contrasted with the analysis of the window design
and daylight for different locations and various orientation of the building which shows the
heat absorption in the building. It shows the window design strikes the right balance between
the aesthetic, functionality and the sustainability aspect of the building.

References:
1. Ander, G. D., & FAIA. (2016, 9 15). Daylighting.
2. ARAÚJO, P. B., & MOURA, (2017). Technical And Architectural History Of The Minimalist Window.
3. Chang, C. Y., & Chen, P. K. (2005, August 1). Human Response to Window Views and Indoor Plants in
the Workplace. HortScience, 40(5), pp. 1354–1359.
4. Didwania, S. K., Garg, V., & Mathur, J. (2011). OPTIMIZATION OF WINDOW-WALL RATIO FOR
DIFFERENT BUILDING TYPES.
5. Hviid, C. A. (2010). Building Integrated Passive Ventilation Systems. Denmark.
6. Hviid, C. A., Nielsen, T. R., & Svendsen, S. (2008, April 3). Simple tool to evaluate the impact of daylight
on building energy consumption. Solar Energy, 82, 787–798.

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Geodesign based approach for flood resilient town: A case study of

Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Shivani Soni - Dept. of Architecture, National Institute of Technology,
Hamirpur
Neetu Kapoor - Dept. of Architecture, National Institute of
Technology, Hamirpur
Abhinam Bhardwaj- Dept. of Architecture, National Institute of
Technology, Hamirpur
Email: shivanisoni.1570@[Link], neetu@[Link],
abhinambhardwaj@[Link]

Abstract
Flooding is a natural disaster characterized by the inundation of land areas due to the overflow
of water from its usual channels. In recent years, Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh has
experienced number of devastating floods due to its proximity to the Beas River and the
Himalayan terrain which caused collective damage to man made as well as natural resources,
often lead to loss of lives. Recognizing the urgent need for flood resilience, the present study
aims to develop a flood resilient town through geodesign framework which will reduce the
impact of floods in hilly areas. The study utilizes a three-stage geodesign framework which
involves data collection, data analysis and geodesign-based flood resilient modelling. In the
first stage, collection of historical flood data and geospatial data of the study area was done
to identify vulnerable communities and assessing critical infrastructure at risk. In the second
stage, flood susceptibility mapping was done based on the analytical hierarchy process (AHP)
which allows decision-makers to consider and weigh multiple criteria such as elevation,
topographic wetness index, slope, LULC, precipitation, and drainage density etc. and
assigning relative importance to each criterion, AHP provides a structured and transparent
process for assessing flood susceptibility. In the third stage, interactive three-dimensional
(3D) modelling was done in ESRI City Engine to develop a flood resilient model for the study
area which integrates geospatial data, flood simulation, land-use planning, and community
engagement. The results show that by focusing on flood resilience, this model offers a
valuable insight and practical approach to shaping the development in hilly areas that can
withstand and adapt to the challenges of increasing flood occurrences while minimizing their
impact on human lives and property.

References:
1. Abid, M., Schilling, J., Scheffran, J., & Zulfiqar, F. (2016). Climate change vulnerability, adaptation, and
risk perceptions at farm level in Punjab, Pakistan. Science of the Total Environment
2. Alaneme, G.U., Dimonyeka, M.U., Ezeokpube, G.C. et al. Failure assessment of dysfunctional flexible
pavement drainage facility using fuzzy analytical hierarchical process. Innov. Infrastruct. Solut.
3. Arrowsmith C, Inbakaran R (2002) Estimating environmental resiliency for the Grampians national park,
Victoria, Australia: a quantitative approach. Tour Manag.

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School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Coastal Sentinel: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Integrated Coastal

Regulations Zone Plans (ICRZ) in Indian Coastal Cities.
Ankita Saxena - Amity School of Architecture and Planning,
Rajasthan, Jaipur
Yogesh M Keskar - Amity School of Architecture and Planning,
Rajasthan, Jaipur
Pratheek Sudhkaran - Asian School of Architecture and Design
Innovations, Kochi
Bhavesh Joshi - Amity School of Architecture and Planning,
Rajasthan, Jaipur
Email: saxena.ankita293@[Link], keskaryo@[Link],
bhaveshj6@[Link]

Abstract
Climate change and sea level rise are posing significant threats to Indian coastal cities. These
issues are expected to exacerbate coastal flooding, erosion, and saltwater intrusion, putting
immense pressure on infrastructure, ecosystems, and human settlements. To address these
challenges, India has implemented Integrated Coastal Regulations Zone (ICRZ) plans, which
aim to regulate development activities in coastal areas and promote sustainable coastal
management practices. This study evaluates the effectiveness of ICRZ plans in four major
Indian coastal cities: Vizag, Panaji, Surat, and Kochi. The study employs a comparative
analysis of the adaptation strategies adopted by each city to address sea level rise and coastal
flooding. The findings reveal that while all four cities have taken steps to adapt to climate
change, the effectiveness of these measures varies. Kochi city, in particular, lacks a
comprehensive strategic plan for flood management, highlighting the need for improved
adaptation strategies in this vulnerable region. The study's findings underscore the importance
of tailored adaptation strategies that consider the specific vulnerabilities and capacities of
each coastal city. Effective coastal management requires a comprehensive approach that
integrates ICRZ plans with other climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction
initiatives.

References:
1. ACCCRN, (2013). Urbanisation - Poverty - Climate Change. A synthesis report – India.
2. Bhat, G. K., Karanth, A., Dashora, L., & Rajasekar, U. (2013). Addressing flooding in the city of Surat
beyond its boundaries. Environment and Urbanization.
3. Census, (2011). Census of India (2011). Provisional population totals Urban Agglomerations and Cities.
4. Clark, J.R. (1992). Integrated Management of the Coastal Zone; Technical Paper No.327; Food and
Agriculture Organization (FAO): Rome, Italy, pp. 167.
5. Christie, P.(2005). Is integrated coastal management sustain- able? Ocean Coast. Manag. 48: 208–232.
6. Cicin-Sain, B. and Knecht, R.W. (1998). Integrated Coastal and Ocean Management; Washington, DC
7. Department of Environment, Government of India Y., a (2023).Coastal Zonal Management Plan,
Ernakulam. Kerala Coastal Zone Management Authority, Kerala, pp. 10-53

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School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

LATTICE: A Study of Passively Design Built Environment

Shikha Bhardwaj – School of Planning and Architecture, Sharda University
Bhupesh Garg – School of Planning and Architecture, Sharda University
Email: b.shikha2000@[Link], [Link]@[Link]

Abstract
Traditional design has become popular for its straightforward answers to severe climatic and
environmental issues. As we accept new materials and methods, the quest of thermal and
optical comfort has gotten increasingly difficult. Traditionally, jaalis have been used in
buildings to give thermal comfort, seclusion, shade, and to control daylighting and air
penetration. This research discusses the combined influence of daylighting and air penetration
on the thermal performance of a structure in terms of perforation % and size. This study
provides a complete grasp of the Jaali characteristics, which are an important aspect in a
building's thermal comfort, and serves as a starting point for further research into pattern
designs in terms of daylighting and air penetration. The findings motivate architects and
engineers to create a framework for maximizing the use of Jaali perforations in line with the
building design.

References:
[Link], Jali Walls, Accessed on 12 October 2020
2. Porter, Y., & Castinel, R. (2018). Jahanpanah’s Jamiʿ Masjid (Circa 1343): A Reassessment. Muqarnas
Online, 35(1), 83-123.
3. Pandya, Y. (2011). Yatin Pandya on 'jaali' as a traditional element. DNA India. Retrieved 13 October
2020.

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 1st International Conference on Rethinking Built Environment
School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Need of Passive Cooling Techniques and it’s feasibility in residential high

rise structures in Tropical Climate
Ajinkya Pradeep Niphadkar – Shri [Link], Rajasthan
Shobhan S. Kelkar – Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Architecture, Pune, India
Email: [Link]@[Link]

Abstract
The research is focused on Tropical climate where the humidity is higher. Mostly the areas
located nearby sea shores or river sides have to face many issues to achieve thermal comfort
without increasing load on non-renewable energies. Comfortable indoor conditions were
achieved in such areas in vernacular architecture structures. Usually cross ventilation, pre
cooling strategies were applied. But the modern buildings constructed by using modern
materials are resulting into higher consumption of non-renewable energy. As per current
scenario it is very important to conserve the non-renewable energy as well as reduce its use
to the particular extent. So implementing passive cooling techniques in such areas is the
today’s need. Traditional buildings were more focused on various design features resulting
into achieving thermal comfort but in today’s construction practice, people are focusing on
foreign countries designs without considering the need of current climatic conditions of their
particular place. This paper is trying to bring the attention towards this issue. And explaining
the importance of passive cooling technique along with its feasibility and also focusing on
payback period.

References:
1. A.S. Dilli, M. A. (2010). Passive environmental control system of Maharashtra vernacular residential
architecture for a comforatble indoor environment: A qualitative and quantitative analysis. Energy efficient
Development, 163-172.
2. B., A. (2008). Optimum insulation thickness for building walls with respect to cooling and heating degree
hours. Building and environment, 1055-1064.
3. Baker, L. (1993). Houses, How to reduce building costs. Kerala: Costford.
4. C.V. Subramanianal, N. R. (2018). A review of passive cooling architectural design interventions for
thermal comfort in residential buildings. Renewable energy resources Vol 3, 157-163.
5. Dhar, P. (2008). Thermal characteristics of building: Case of vernacular structure. International PLEA
conference, 1-9.
6. Gupta, N. (2017). Exploring passive cooling potentials in Indian vernacular architecture. Unevolved
Indian Architecture, 24-31.
7. Jodeph Koduveliparambil, J. (2019). Construction practices in traditional dwellings of India. 56-62.
8. Koenigsberger O.H., I. T. (2013). Manual of Tropical housing and building. Universities Press Pvt Ltd.
9. Ospania, C. (2018, March 27). Cooling your home but waring the planet. Ghansoli, Maharashtra, India.

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School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Traditional Building Methods of Assam

Divya Mishra – School of Planning and Architecture, Sharda University
Bhupesh Garg – School of Planning and Architecture, Sharda University
Email: divya@[Link], [Link]@[Link]

Abstract
Assam's Vernacular Architecture is a unique blend of local materials, customs, and various
influences, catering to the well-being and values of diverse communities. It primarily features
single-storeyed dwellings, adapting to local conditions and seismic activity through the use
of community support and local materials. The study recognizes the ongoing relevance of this
architectural style, noting its integration with modern elements. Despite traditional practices
persisting, the increasing use of modern elements signals a changing architectural landscape
in Assam. The paper aims to explore the coexistence of local practices with the rising
influence of modern architecture in the region.

References:
1. Vernaular architecture assam. (n.d.). Scribd. Date of Access : 5/01/2024
2. Vernacular Architecture of Assam. (n.d.). [Link] of Access : 5/01/2024
3. N. Deka (2022b, March 11). Vernacular architecture of Assam. Date of Access : 5/01/2024
4. Multi-house case study of Assam. Date of Access : 5/01/2024
5. Exploring the sense of Community - Housing for the Mising (Miri) Tribe of Citaldubi, Assam. (2014,
October 17). Issuu. Date of Access : 5/01/2024
6. Mandal, Raju. (2014). Flood, cropping pattern choice and returns in agriculture: A study of Assam plains,
India. Economic Analysis and Policy. 44. 10.1016/[Link].2014.08.001.
7. Singh, M. K., Mahapatra, S., & Atreya, S. (2009). Bioclimatism and vernacular architecture of north-east
India. Building and Environment, 44(5), 878–888.
8. P. Borah (2005) Tribes of Assam: A cross-cultural study of domestic architecture and use of space.
University of London
9. A. Barman, M. Roy, A. Dasgupta (2020) Vernacular architecture of Majuli, Assam - meaning, model and
metaphor in integrating the environmental, socio- economic and cultural realms. Jadavpur University

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School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Effect of Thermal Comfort through Building Shape and Orientation: A

BIM-Based Analysis
Haudingliana – Department of Civil Engineering, Mizoram University
Lalsangzela Sailo – Department of Civil Engineering, Mizoram University
Email: haydenhauzel@[Link], zelasailo@[Link]

Abstract
Building shape and orientation play a crucial role in mitigating the impacts of climate change
on thermal comfort within urban environments. This study investigates the thermal
performance of three building shapes – square, rectangle, and L-shape – with identical floor
areas and entrances facing south. Using Building Information Modeling (BIM) software Revit
2024, the analysis combines heating and cooling load calculations, system analysis tools, and
Insight 360. This study reveals that building orientation significantly impacts thermal
comfort. Rotating a square building by 90° slightly increases thermal comfort, while 270°
rotation slightly decreases it. The rectangular building exhibits optimal thermal comfort
without rotation and experiences significant discomfort when rotated 270°. L-shaped
buildings achieve maximum thermal comfort with a 180° rotation and minimum comfort with
a 90° rotation. This variation is attributed to the amount of surface area facing the west, which
receives the most sun exposure and creates thermal discomfort. The cooling loads in kWh and
EUI for various Window-to-Wall Ratios (WWR) were also analyzed for each scenario. It was
found that low WWR. This research suggests that careful consideration of building shape,
orientation, and south-facing entrances during the design process can significantly enhance
thermal comfort and contribute to climate-resilient urban planning. The findings provide
valuable insights for architects, engineers, and urban planners to design sustainable and
resilient buildings that adapt to the challenges of climate change.

References:
1. Alshehri, Fawaz, Paul Kenny, and James O’Donnell. “Requirements for BIM-Based Thermal Comfort
Analysis,” n.d.
2. Arsad, Fadly, Rozita Hod, Norfazilah Ahmad, Mazni Baharom, and Mohd Jaafar. “Assessment of Indoor
Thermal Comfort Temperature and Related Behavioural Adaptations: A Systematic Review.” Environmental
Science and Pollution Research International 30 (May 22, 2023).
3. Attia, Shady, Caroline Benzidane, Ramin Rahif, Deepak Amaripadath, Mohamed Hamdy, Peter Holzer,
Annekatrin Koch, et al. “Overheating Calculation Methods, Criteria, and Indicators in European Regulation
for Residential Buildings.” Energy and Buildings 292 (August 1, 2023): 113170.
4. Doors, Value. “What Is a U-Value?” Value Doors (blog), (July 30, 2023).
5. “Energy Use Intensity (EUI) - AIA KnowledgeNet.” Accessed (February 5, 2024).
6. Gamero-Salinas, Juan, Aurora Monge-Barrio, Nirmal Kishnani, Jesús López-Fidalgo, and Ana Sánchez-
Ostiz. “Passive Cooling Design Strategies as Adaptation Measures for Lowering the Indoor Overheating
Risk in Tropical Climates.” Energy and Buildings 252 (December 2021): 111417.
7. Hauzel, Haudingliana, B. C. Vanlalhruaitluanga, Lalrindika, Lalsangzela Sailo, and Sylvia Romawizuali.
“Thermal Analysis of an Office Building Using Passive Cooling Design in Aizawl, Mizoram.” In Emerging
Technology for Sustainable Development, edited by Jatindra Kumar Deka, P. S. Robi, and Bobby Sharma,
69–78. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Singapore: Springer Nature, (2024).

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Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

“Urgent Need to Foster the Idea of Green and Net Zero Energy Buildings,
Amid Climate Crisis”
Rahul Dongre – School of Architecture, IPS Academy, Indore
Email: rahuldongre@[Link]

Abstract
The escalating threat of climate change necessitates a paradigm shift in the way we approach
urban development and construction. This abstract highlight the urgent need to foster the idea
of green and net zero energy buildings as a crucial strategy to mitigate the adverse impacts of
the climate crisis. With the built environment contributing significantly to carbon emissions,
the transformation towards sustainable building practices becomes imperative. The global
climate crisis has reached a critical juncture, demanding immediate and comprehensive
actions to reduce carbon footprints. Buildings, being major contributors to greenhouse gas
emissions, play a pivotal role in this crisis. The urgency to transition to green and net zero
energy buildings arises from the imperative to limit global temperature rise and create resilient
urban landscapes. The challenges in mainstreaming green and net zero energy buildings are
explored, including financial barriers, technological limitations, and the need for policy
frameworks that incentivize sustainable practices. The abstract advocates for collaborative
efforts involving governments, industries, and communities to create an enabling environment
that facilitates the transition towards sustainable building practices. This abstract emphasizes
the critical role of green and net zero energy buildings in mitigating the climate crisis. Rapid
and widespread adoption of these practices is essential to build a sustainable future, one where
the built environment not only meets the needs of the present but also preserves the well-
being of future generations. The urgency of fostering these ideas cannot be overstated, as the
consequences of inaction pose a severe threat to the ecological balance and the overall
resilience of our communities in the face of a changing climate.

References:
1. Smith, J. R., & Jones, T. S. (2023). Achieving net zero emissions: A review of current strategies.
Environmental Science and Policy, 15(3), 45-60.
2. Johnson, P. (2020). Sustainable Energy: Concepts and Practices. Routledge.
3. Thompson, L. G. (2018). The role of renewable energy in achieving ecological balance. In M. Anderson &
S. Green (Eds.), Sustainable Development: Challenges and Solutions (pp. 102-120). Cambridge University
Press.
4. Brown, M., & White, L. (2019). Assessing carbon footprints in urban transportation: A case study of New
York City. MIT Transportation Research Group.
5. Johnson, M. (2022, January 15). Greenhouse gas emissions on the rise despite sustainability efforts. The
Guardian, pp. A1, A4.
6. Environmental Protection Agency. (2023, March 10). Renewable energy sources and their benefits. EPA
Website.
7. World Economic Forum. How to build smart, zero carbon buildings.
8. World Economic Forum. The 10 Green Building Principles aiming to get real estate to net zero.
9. UN News. The race to zero emissions, and why the world depends on it.

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School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Sustainable Utopias: A Comprehensive Exploration of Eco-Village

Planning for the Indian Context
Akhil Nawani – Dept. of Architecture, Planning and Design, IITBHU
Ranjeet Verma – Dept. of Humanistic Studies, IITBHU
Apoorva Nawani – Dept. of Architecture, Planning and Design, IITBHU
Prashant Rehal – Dept. of Architecture and Planning, IIT, Roorkee
Amrita Dwivedi – Dept. of Humanistic Studies, IITBHU
Harsimran Kaur – Dept. of Architecture, Planning and Design, IITBHU
Email: [Link].apd23@[Link],
[Link].hss22@[Link],
[Link].apd23@[Link], prehal@[Link],
[Link]@[Link], [Link]@[Link]

Abstract
In the Indian context, eco-village planning is a potent approach aiming to balance all the
significant sustainability factors for a developing economy. It addresses the interrelated issues
of climate resilience, environmental preservation, and rural development through a holistic
lens. Since long, the Indian government has been promoting sustainable development through
various initiatives, and Eco-Village aligns with these goals and provides a framework for
implementing eco-friendly practices at the grassroots level. Therefore, this paper delves into
the intricate realm of eco-village planning, amalgamating a rich tapestry of literature, case
studies, and key planning factors. With a specific focus on the Indian context, the research
aims to identify and analyse the multifaceted components integral to the creation of eco-
villages. The paper aspires to provide a holistic understanding of the challenges and
opportunities inherent in the planning process by investigating successful case studies in the
national and international context and synthesizing existing knowledge. Furthermore, the
study proposes a visionary way forward, delineating a roadmap for designing and
implementing an ideal eco-village in India.

References:
1. Arena, L. and Faake, O. (2015) Ecovillage: A net zero energy ready community [Preprint].
2. Copeland, C., MacKerron, G. and Foxon, T., (2023), Futures for Findhorn: Exploring challenges for
achieving net zero in an ecological intentional community. Futures, 149, 103155
3. East, M., (2018), Current thinking on sustainable human habitat: The Findhorn ecovillage case. Ecocycles,
4(1), 68– 72.
4. Foundation, A. (2015) City layout, Auroville.
5. Kaur H., and Garg P., (2019), Urban sustainability assessment tools: A review. Journal of Cleaner
Production, 210, 146-158.

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School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Green Building: A Universal Remedy for the Sustainable Built

Environment in a Tropical Climate
Akshay Anil Wayal – MIT ADT University, School of Architecture,
Pune, India
Shobhan Sadhan Kelkar – Smt. Kashibai Navale College of
Architecture, Pune, India
Email: shobhan.kelkar7447@[Link]

Abstract
In the current era, the issue of global warming is growing rapidly, A green building and
climate-responsive architecture is getting more importance from the periphery to majority
architecture. The necessity for green building is normally recognized by specialized in built
environment and there have been a lot of efforts by progressive experts regarding the end
result of global warming and the need of adaptation of Sustainability practices. Also, the
tropical environment is faced with several harmful climatic impacts as a end result of high
radiation received from the Sun. The effect is particularly felt in the region of human thermal
comfort and the environment at large. The extensive changes of climate in tropical region,
witnessed more or less the whole time of the year, leads to high rate of energy utilization for
achieving thermal comfort inside the building by cooling the building as well as the
surrounding atmosphere. This paper presents green buildings as a way to sustain the built
environment in tropical region via lessening in cooling loads within structure interiors also
the use of landscape basics to augment and diminish significantly the climatic impacts in new
to attain the utmost sustainable built environment.

References:
1. Charles, J.K (2004): Green Buildings: An overview of progress. University of Florida Journal of land use
(vol. 19:2 spring 2002).
2. Judith H. (2000): Do Green buildings enhance the wellbeing of workers? Environmental Design and
Construction magazine. (July/August.2000).
3. US EPA, (2003): US Environmental Protection Agency, Indoor Air Quality. January 6, 2003.
4. Ogunsote, O. O. & Prucnal-Ogunsote, B. (2004). Barrow, C.J (1995): Landscape Architecture: The
shaping of mans natural environment, New York, McGraw-Hill
5. Li, J.; Zhang, W. Fiscal Incentives and sustainable urbanization: Evidence from China. Sustainability
2020, 12, 103.
6. M. Loehrlein, 2020. Sustainable Landscaping: Principles and Practices. 2nd ed., CRC Press, U St.
7. Kates, R.W., Parris, T.M. 2003. Long-term trends and a sustainability transition. J. Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences, 100 (14) pp.8062-8067;
8. Bauer, M., Mosle, P. & Schwarz, M. (2009). Green building: Guide for Sustainable Architecture.
Stuttgart: `ees & Sommer, Advanced Building Technology GmbH, 10-12.
9. Building Research Establishment (2010a). BREEAM.
10. Building Research Establishment (2010b). Code for Sustainable Homes: Technical guide -October 2008.

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Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Conscious Built Environment

Arimita Roy – Thakur School of Architecture and Planning
Atul Jayant Phoujdar – Thakur School of Architecture and Planning
Email: arimitaroy@[Link], atulphoujdar@[Link]

Abstract
With the rise in population on earth, there is an extensive demand of built spaces or built
environment in order to satisfy the requirements of human needs. Due to the rapid
transformation from unbuilt to the built environment there are negative environmental
impacts on air quality, ambient noise, climate etc. There are irreversible environmental
changes happening like sea level rises, the melting of Arctic ice and Atmospheric Warming.
There are long term impacts like global warming and climate change coming into the picture.
Transformation towards the built environment is unavoidable, built environment not only
includes houses or homes but it includes all other built spaces like institutional building,
public spaces, Industrial areas, buildings under transportation sector etc, so rethinking built
environment is very much necessary. Architecture is a branch that directly deals with
designing and execution of the built environment. So, in light of the above context the purpose
of the paper is to focus on a conscious built environment which shall have less negative impact
on the environment. The methodology or the approach shall be to review a few case studies
and retrospect how efficiently the design can incorporate a conscious built environment for
different projects. The result and findings of the paper shall focus on few guidelines derived
through case studies which explain the thinking process involved in the design of some of the
structures designed in India. For better understanding of the site and site context this paper
shall only review Indian case studies, so as a part of Research limitation the guidelines or
inferences will be restricted to Indian context only. A conscious built environment is the need
of the hour and we as Architects can achieve it through Climate responsive design. Climate
responsive design is the basic step to achieve energy efficiency in buildings reducing negative
impacts on the environment. The paper shall conclude by putting forth a few strategies which
will help to achieve a conscious built environment and in a way make our mother earth a
better place to live in.

References:
[Link] guidelines for sustainable habitat, Date of access: 02/12/2023. guideleines_sustainable_habitat.pdf
([Link])
2. Mili M ajumdar (2002). Energy-efficient buildings in India. Tata Energy Research Institute. Ministry of
Non-conventional Energy Source. Government of India. Thomson Press (India) limited.
3. Ar. Yatin Pandya. Sustainable Built Environment a Panaroma
4. Richard Hyde (2000) Climate Responsive Designs. by E &FN Span. Published by Spon Press, Taylor &
Frabcis Group

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School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Multi-Criteria Evaluation of Urban Flooding at Neighbourhood Scale: A

Case Study of Pandri, Raipur, India
M Pradeep Kumar – AAFT University, Raipur
Vivekanand Tiwari – Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer
Email: [Link]@[Link], vivekanand@[Link]

Abstract
Urban flooding has become a major problem in cities around the world, with devastating
consequences for human life, infrastructure and the environment. This study aims to identify
the causes and effects of urban flooding and suggest possible measures to reduce its risk. It
discusses key factors like rapid urbanization, climate change, poor urban planning and
infrastructure, irregular construction, and inadequate drainage systems in Raipur. These
factors are responsible for the increase in surface runoff in Raipur city, which is leading to
flooding at the neighbourhood level. The study also identifies that the lack of green and open
spaces contributes to the increase in flood-like events. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP)
is applied to analyze and prioritize crucial factors like elevations, waste management, rainfall,
and drainage. It is observed that rainfall and improper waste management were the most
critical factors for urban flooding in the selected neighbourhood of Pandri in Raipur. The SCS
CN and rational methods are used for the volumetric and quantitative analysis of the runoff
generation. Based on the assessment, possible and suitable measures are proposed to reduce
the risk of urban flooding. This includes promoting urban green and open areas, improving
drainage systems, and inculcating public participation and awareness. In conclusion, the study
provides a framework for analyzing the causes and effects of urban flooding, which will be
instrumental in formulating policy decisions and creating effective urban planning strategies.
The study also concludes that if the recommended measures are implemented, the risk of
urban flooding can be substantially reduced at the neighbourhood scale.

References:
1. “A watery tale: Six floods that rocked India | India News – India TV”. (n.d.).
2. Akanda, A.S., Jutla, A.S., Alam, M., de Magny, G.C., Siddique, A.K., Sack, R.B., Huq, A., et al. (2011),
“Hydroclimatic influences on seasonal and spatial cholera transmission cycles: Implications for public health
intervention in the Bengal Delta”, Water Resources Research, Vol. 47 No. 5
3. “Are vertical forests a solution to Mumbai’s climate problem? | ORF”. (n.d.).
4. “Assessment of climate change over the Indian region: A report of the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES),
Government of India - India | ReliefWeb”. (n.d.).
5. Atta-ur-Rahman, Parvin, G.A., Shaw, R. and Surjan, A. (2016), “Cities, Vulnerability, and Climate
Change”, Urban Disasters and Resilience in Asia, Elsevier Inc., pp. 35–47.
6. “Audit Reports | Comptroller and Auditor General of India”. (n.d.).
7. Bahrami, E., Salarijazi, M., Mohammadrezapour, O. and Haghighat Jou, P. (2022), “Evaluation of SCS
model for flood characteristic prediction in an ungauged catchment considering effects of excess rainfall and
base flow separation”, Journal of Earth System Science, Springer, Vol. 131 No. 1
8. Becker, P. (2014), “Sustainability Science: Managing Risk and Resilience for Sustainable Development”,
edited by Becker, [Link] Science, Elsevier, pp. 29–56.

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School of Fine Arts, Architecture and Fashion Technology
Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram, India – 796004

Exploring Green Design Features Contributing Towards Form and

Iconicity of Tall Building
Samriddha Patra – Dept. of Architecture and Planning, IIEST Shibpur, India
Suchismita Nayak – Dept. of Architecture and Planning, IIEST Shibpur, India
Subrata Kumar Paul – Dept. of Architecture and Planning, IIEST Shibpur, India
Email: samridddha@[Link], suchismita.nayak10@[Link],
[Link]@[Link]

Abstract
Several iconic tall buildings with significant green design features (GDFs) have emerged on
urban skylines across the globe in the recent past. The iconicity of a building refers to its fame
and visual significance. Nevertheless, iconic skyscrapers are often criticised as obsessively
concerned about self-expression, disregarding their location's historical, cultural,
climatological and architectural context. This article explores the contribution of the GDFs
towards the form and iconicity of selected new-generation skyscrapers, adopting a qualitative
study approach. Three frequently deployed green design features, namely vertical landscape,
shading device, and exoskeleton have been explored with eleven well-known tall iconic
buildings. The study outcome upholds that the human quest for achieving a consonance
between sustainability and iconicity is a powerful force driving the evolution of many
emerging skyscrapers. The harmonious integration of the GDFs is vital for achieving
sustainability and leads to extraordinary architectural achievements in creating
environmentally responsive and visually captivating skyscrapers. Scopes of further research
are identified.

References:
1. Al-Kodmany, K., (2023). Greenery-Covered Tall Buildings: A Review. Buildings.
2. Al-Kodmany, K., (2022). Sustainable High-Rise Buildings: Toward Resilient Built Environment. Front.
Sustain. Cities.
3. Al-Kodmany, K., (2018). Sustainability and the 21st century vertical city: A review of design approaches
of tall buildings. Buildings.
4.\Al-Kodmany, K., (2014). Green towers and iconic design: Cases from three continents. Archnet-IJAR 8,
11–28.
5. Al-Masrani, S.M., Al-Obaidi, K.M., (2019). Dynamic shading systems: A review of design parameters,
platforms and evaluation strategies. Autom. Constr.
6. Al-Tamimi, N.A., Fadzil, S.F.S., (2011). The potential of shading devices for temperature reduction in
high-rise residential buildings in the tropics, in: Procedia Engineering. pp. 273–282.
7. Al Tawayha, F., Braganca, L., Mateus, R., (2019). Contribution of the vernacular architecture to the
sustainability: A comparative study between the contemporary areas and the old quarter of a Mediterranean
city. Sustain. 11.

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