Socket programming
goal: learn how to build client/server applications that
communicate using sockets
socket: door between application process and end-end-transport
protocol
application application
socket controlled by
process process app developer
transport transport
network network controlled
link by OS
link Internet
physical physical
Application Layer: 2-1
Socket programming
Two socket types for two transport services:
▪ UDP: unreliable datagram
▪ TCP: reliable, byte stream-oriented
Application Example:
1. client reads a line of characters (data) from its keyboard and sends
data to server
2. server receives the data and converts characters to uppercase
3. server sends modified data to client
4. client receives modified data and displays line on its screen
Application Layer: 2-2
Socket programming with UDP
UDP: no “connection” between
client and server:
• no handshaking before sending data
• sender explicitly attaches IP
destination address and port # to
each packet
• receiver extracts sender IP address
and port# from received packet
UDP: transmitted data may be lost or received out-of-order
Application viewpoint:
▪ UDP provides unreliable transfer of groups of bytes (“datagrams”)
between client and server processes
Application Layer: 2-3
Client/server socket interaction: UDP
server (running on serverIP) client
create socket:
create socket, port= x: clientSocket =
serverSocket = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM)
socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM)
Create datagram with serverIP address
And port=x; send datagram via
read datagram from clientSocket
serverSocket
write reply to
serverSocket read datagram from
specifying clientSocket
client address,
port number close
clientSocket
Application Layer: 2-4
Example app: UDP client
Python UDPClient
include Python’s socket library from socket import *
serverName = 'hostname'
serverPort = 12000
create UDP socket clientSocket = socket(AF_INET,
SOCK_DGRAM)
get user keyboard input message = input('Input lowercase sentence:')
attach server name, port to message; send into socket [Link]([Link](),
(serverName, serverPort))
read reply data (bytes) from socket modifiedMessage, serverAddress =
[Link](2048)
print out received string and close socket print([Link]())
[Link]()
Note: this code update (2023) to Python 3 Application Layer: 2-5
Example app: UDP server
Python UDPServer
from socket import *
serverPort = 12000
create UDP socket serverSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM)
bind socket to local port number 12000 [Link](('', serverPort))
print('The server is ready to receive')
loop forever while True:
Read from UDP socket into message, getting message, clientAddress = [Link](2048)
client’s address (client IP and port)
modifiedMessage = [Link]().upper()
send upper case string back to this client [Link]([Link](),
clientAddress)
Note: this code update (2023) to Python 3 Application Layer: 2-6
Socket programming with TCP
Client must contact server ▪ when contacted by client, server
• server process must first be TCP creates new socket for server
running process to communicate with that
• server must have created socket particular client
(door) that welcomes client’s • allows server to talk with multiple
contact clients
Client contacts server by: • client source port # and IP address used
to distinguish clients (more in Chap 3)
• Creating TCP socket, specifying
IP address, port number of server
process Application viewpoint
• when client creates socket: client TCP provides reliable, in-order
TCP establishes connection to byte-stream transfer (“pipe”)
server TCP between client and server
processes
Application Layer: 2-7
Client/server socket interaction: TCP
server (running on hostid) client
create socket,
port=x, for incoming
request:
serverSocket = socket()
wait for incoming create socket,
connection request
TCP connect to hostid, port=x
connectionSocket = connection setup clientSocket = socket()
[Link]()
send request using
read request from clientSocket
connectionSocket
write reply to
connectionSocket read reply from
clientSocket
close
connectionSocket close
clientSocket
Application Layer: 2-8
Example app: TCP client
Python TCPClient
from socket import *
serverName = 'servername'
serverPort = 12000
create TCP socket for server, clientSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
remote port 12000
[Link]((serverName,serverPort))
sentence = input('Input lowercase sentence:')
[Link]([Link]())
No need to attach server name, port modifiedSentence = [Link](1024)
print ('From Server:', [Link]())
[Link]()
Note: this code update (2023) to Python 3 Application Layer: 2-9
Example app: TCP server
Python TCPServer
from socket import *
serverPort = 12000
create TCP welcoming socket serverSocket = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM)
[Link](('',serverPort))
server begins listening for
incoming TCP requests
[Link](1)
print('The server is ready to receive')
loop forever while True:
server waits on accept() for incoming connectionSocket, addr = [Link]()
requests, new socket created on return
read bytes from socket (but sentence = [Link](1024).decode()
not address as in UDP) capitalizedSentence = [Link]()
[Link](capitalizedSentence.
encode())
close connection to this client (but not [Link]()
welcoming socket)
Note: this code update (2023) to Python 3 Application Layer: 2-10
