NUST NET & Board Exam - COMPLETE
Trigonometry Formula Sheet
1. Basic Ratios & Reciprocals
sinθ = Perpendicular / Hypotenuse
cosθ = Base / Hypotenuse
tanθ = Perpendicular / Base
cscθ = 1/sinθ
secθ = 1/cosθ
cotθ = 1/tanθ
2. Fundamental Identities
sin²θ + cos²θ = 1
1 + tan²θ = sec²θ
1 + cot²θ = csc²θ
tanθ = sinθ / cosθ
cotθ = cosθ / sinθ
3. Even-Odd Identities
sin(-θ) = -sinθ
cos(-θ) = cosθ
tan(-θ) = -tanθ
csc(-θ) = -cscθ
sec(-θ) = secθ
cot(-θ) = -cotθ
4. Complementary Identities
sin(90°−θ) = cosθ
cos(90°−θ) = sinθ
tan(90°−θ) = cotθ
sec(90°−θ) = cscθ
csc(90°−θ) = secθ
5. Angle Sum & Difference
sin(A±B) = sinA cosB ± cosA sinB
cos(A±B) = cosA cosB ■ sinA sinB
tan(A±B) = (tanA ± tanB)/(1 ■ tanA tanB)
6. Double Angle
sin2A = 2sinA cosA
cos2A = cos²A − sin²A
cos2A = 2cos²A − 1
cos2A = 1 − 2sin²A
tan2A = 2tanA/(1 − tan²A)
7. Triple Angle
sin3A = 3sinA − 4sin³A
cos3A = 4cos³A − 3cosA
tan3A = (3tanA − tan³A)/(1 − 3tan²A)
8. Half Angle
sin(A/2) = ±√[(1 − cosA)/2]
cos(A/2) = ±√[(1 + cosA)/2]
tan(A/2) = ±√[(1 − cosA)/(1 + cosA)]
tan(A/2) = sinA/(1 + cosA)
tan(A/2) = (1 − cosA)/sinA
9. Product ↔ Sum
sinA sinB = ½[cos(A−B) − cos(A+B)]
cosA cosB = ½[cos(A−B) + cos(A+B)]
sinA cosB = ½[sin(A+B) + sin(A−B)]
sinA + sinB = 2sin[(A+B)/2]cos[(A−B)/2]
cosA + cosB = 2cos[(A+B)/2]cos[(A−B)/2]
cosA − cosB = −2sin[(A+B)/2]sin[(A−B)/2]
10. General Solutions
sinθ = sinα → θ = nπ + (−1)^n α
cosθ = cosα → θ = 2nπ ± α
tanθ = tanα → θ = nπ + α
11. Inverse Trig Identities
sin■¹x + cos■¹x = π/2
tan■¹x + cot■¹x = π/2
tan■¹x + tan■¹y = tan■¹[(x+y)/(1−xy)] (xy < 1)
12. Special Angle Values (Degrees)
Angle : 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°
sinθ : 0, 1/2, 1/√2, √3/2, 1
cosθ : 1, √3/2, 1/√2, 1/2, 0
tanθ : 0, 1/√3, 1, √3, undefined
13. Radian Values
0° = 0
30° = π/6
45° = π/4
60° = π/3
90° = π/2
180° = π
360° = 2π
14. Important NET Transformation
a sinx + b cosx = R sin(x + α)
R = √(a² + b²)
tanα = b/a