i
DYNAMIC DEFENSES: MITIGATING WILD ANIMAL
INTRUSIONS IN RUBBER PLANTATION
A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted by
ARUNA C 962820106008
NITHISHA HEPI P S 962820106025
NITHYA SREE M 962820106026
STEPHY JOSE S 962820106033
in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, NAGERCOIL
ANNA UNIVERSITY – CHENNAI 600 025
JUNE 2024
ii
ANNA UNIVERSITY
CHENNAI 600 025
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certified that this Project report " DYNAMIC DEFENSES: MITIGATING
WILD ANIMAL INTRUSIONS IN RUBBER PLANTATION" is the
Bonafide work of " ARUNA C, NITHISHA HEPI P S, NITHYA SREE M,
STEPHY JOSE S " has been carried out the Project work under my Supervision.
SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
DR. S. LENTY STUWART, DR.C. AJITHA,
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT SUPERVISOR
Department of Electronics and Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering, Communication Engineering,
University College of University College of
Engineering Nagercoil-629004 Engineering Nagercoil-629004
Submitted for the viva voice examination held on ……………..
Internal Examiner External Examiner
iii
ACKNOWLEDEMENT
All praise, glory and honor be to the Lord Almighty, source of all
knowledge for his gracious presence and guidance that enabled us to work with
effort and complete it in time.
We wish to express our sincere thanks and profound sense of gratitude to
Dr. R. VELRAJ, M.S., Ph.D., VICE CHANCELLOR, ANNA
UNNIVERSITY, CHENNAI for providing all facilities to do our projects inside
the college campus.
It is indeed a great pleasure to express our dean Dr. V.A. NAGARAJAN,
M.E., Ph.D., for his sincere guidance and encouragement in all aspects of the
project.
We also convey our heartfelt thanks and gratitude to our Head of the
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Dr. S. LENTY
STUWART, [Link]., Ph.D., for his valuable guidance, encouragement,
support and providing us with ample time to complete our project.
I am extremely thankful and pay gratitude to our project coordinator and
Supervisor Dr. C. AJITHA, M.E., Ph.D., for her valuable guidance and support
on completion of this project in its presently.
We wish to convey our sincere thanks to all the teaching and nonteaching
staffs of ECE department. Our heartfelt gratitude and thanks to our parents and
friends for their perceptual support.
iv
ABSTRACT
Our country’s subsistence farmers continue to encroach on natural
ecosystems, the interaction between farmers and animals grows, resulting in
conflicts. We investigated how raiding patterns fluctuate with different seasons,
farm land, and crop varieties. A smart scarecrow system has been proposed here
to minimize crop raiding and man animal conflict from wild animals and birds.
The scaring system works in three parts, such as object detection, message
sending, and deterrents. Object detection is done by the IR sensor through
MATLAB and preventive action has been taken by initiating buzzer. After object
detection, alert will be sent by IoT cloud to the farm owner through SMART APP
by sending message. The proposed study obtains the samples from different farms
that are combined and observed how the object detection vary day and night in
three seasons in order to provide the overall system efficiency. It is more
convenient and cost effective than traditional scaring strategies like trapping,
hunting, and wood fencing. The present system is made up of metal body, which
does not require any manpower and at the same time, it can work under any
climate conditions.
v
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO.
ABSTRACT Iv
LIST OF FIGURES ix
LIST OF ABBREVIATION xi
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 OVERVIEW 1
1.2 SOLUTIONS FOR AVOIDING
MAN ANIMAL CONFLICT 2
1.3 EMBEDDED SYSTEM 3
1.3.1 INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED
SYSTEM 3
1.3.2 MICROCONTROLLER FOR
EMBEDDED SYSTEM 3
1.3.3 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
MICROPROCESSOR
AND MICROCONTROLLER 4
1.4 DEVELOPING EMBEDDED SYSTEM 5
1.4.1 HARDWARE DEVELOPMENT 6
1.4.2 SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT 6
2 LITERATURE REVIEW 7
3 PROPOSED SYSTEM 15
3.1 SYSTEM OVERVIEW 15
3.1.1 ADVANTAGES 15
3.2 SYSTEM DESIGN 16
3.3 METHODOLOGY 17
vi
3.4 HARDWARE COMPONENTS 17
3.4.1 ARDUINO CONTROLLER 18
[Link] SPECIFICATION 19
[Link] PROCESSOR PERIPHERALS 19
[Link] ATMEGA 328 PROCESSOR 19
[Link] PIN DEFINITION 20
3.4.1.5ARDUINO UNO SYSTEM
OVERVIEW 21
[Link] THE MICROCONTROLLER 22
[Link] PACKAGES 23
[Link] POWER 23
[Link] DIGITAL I/0 24
[Link] ADC INPUTS 25
[Link] UART PERIPHERAL 26
[Link] SPI PERIPHERAL 26
[Link] TWI 26
3.4.2 POWER SUPPLY 27
[Link] INTODUCTION 28
[Link] INPUT VOLTAGE 28
[Link] VOLTAGE REGULATION 28
[Link] EFFICIENCY 28
[Link] LM7805 VOLTAGE REGULATOR 29
[Link] LM317 VOLTAGE REGULATOR 29
[Link] ARDUINO UNO RS SHELD
ICSP PIN 30
3.4.3 INFRARED SENSOR 31
[Link] WORKING PRINCIPLE 31
[Link] TYPES OF IR SENSOR 32
vii
[Link] IR TRANSMITTER 32
[Link] IR RECEIVER 33
[Link] IR PIN 33
3.4.4 BUZZER 34
[Link] BASIC PRINCIPLE 34
[Link] TYPES OF BUZZERS 35
[Link] CHARACTERISTICS 35
3.4.5 WIFI MODULE 35
[Link] CORE FEATURES 36
[Link] ESP8266 PIN SPECIFICATION 36
[Link] VARIANTS AND FORM FACTORS 37
3.5 SOFTWARE SECTION 37
3.5.1 ARDUINO IDE 37
[Link] MAIN FEATURES 38
[Link] HOW IT WORKS 39
[Link] INSTALLATION 39
3.5.2 IOT 40
[Link] CORE COMPONENTS OF IOT 40
[Link] KEY TECHNOLOGIES ENABLING
IOT 40
[Link] APPLICATION OF IOT 41
3.5.3 SMART APP 41
[Link] KEY FEATURES &COMPONENT 42
[Link] EDUCATION AND PRACTICAL USE 43
[Link] HOW TO GET STARTED 43
[Link] STEPS 44
3.5.4 WEB CAMERA 46
[Link] KEY FEATURES OF WEBCAMS 47
viii
[Link] USES OF WEBCAMS 47
3.5.5 MATLAB 48
[Link] KEY FEATURES OF MATLAB 48
[Link] APPLICATION 49
3.5.6 THINGSPEAK VIWER 49
4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 50
4.1 DETECTION AND PREVENTION
OF WILD ANIMAL INTRUSION 51
4.2 EVALUATION OF DECTECTION
MECHANISM THROUGH THING
SPEAK VIEWER 51
4.3 CAPTURING ANIMAL AND
NOTIFICATION 52
5 CONCLUSION 54
6 FUTURE WORK 55
REFERENCES 56
APPENDIX 58
ix
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGENO
1.1 Microprocessor system contrast with
Microcontroller system 4
1.2 Design flow of hardware 5
1.3 Design of software 6
3.1 Block Diagram 16
3.2 Arduino Uno 18
3.3 At mega pin mapping 24
3.4 ADC Inputs 25
3.5 Power module 27
3.6 IR transmitter and receiver 31
3.7 IR Pin Specification 33
3.8 Buzzer 34
3.9 Wifi module 35
3.10 Arduino IDE 38
3.11 Sensor status 42
3.12 Smart app step 1 44
3.13 Smart app step 2 45
3.14 Smart app step 3 45
3.15 Smart app step 4 46
3.16 Web camera 47
4.1 Hardware set up 50
x
4.2 Smart app 51
4.3 Thing speak viewer 52
4.4 Email notification 52
Xi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
DC Direct Current
DSP Digital Signal Processing
GND Ground
IDE Integrated Development Environment
IOT Internet of Things
IR Sensor Infrared Sensor
MATLAB Matrix Laboratory
PC Personal Computer
RX Receiver
TX Transmitter
USB Universal Serial Bus
VCC Voltage Control Collector
Wifi Wireless Fidelity
