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Basic Numeracy Simplification

The document discusses the rules and order of operations for simplifying mathematical expressions. It provides the VBODMAS rule for the correct order, discusses types of brackets and their order of removal. It also gives some basic formulae for simplifying expressions involving squares, cubes, addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.

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7K views6 pages

Basic Numeracy Simplification

The document discusses the rules and order of operations for simplifying mathematical expressions. It provides the VBODMAS rule for the correct order, discusses types of brackets and their order of removal. It also gives some basic formulae for simplifying expressions involving squares, cubes, addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.

Uploaded by

IAS EXAM PORTAL
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Basic

Numeracy

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Topic

Simplification
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Simplification
In simplification of an expression there are certain laws which should be strictly
adhered to. These laws are as follows:
VBODMAS Rule
This rule gives the correct sequence in which the mathematical operation are to be
executed so as to find out the value of a given expression.
Here, V stands for Vicnaculum (or Bar), B stands for Bracket, O stands for Of,
D stands for Division, M stands for Multiplication, A stands for Addition and S
stand for Subtraction.
(a) Here, VBODMAS gives the order of simplification. Thus, the order of
performing the mathematical operations in a given expression are
First : Virnaculum or line bracket or bar
Second: Bracket
Third: Of

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Fourth: Division
Fifth: Multiplication
Sixth: Addition &
Seventh: Subtraction
The above order should strictly be followed.
(b)

There are four types of brackets.


(i)
Square brackets [ ]
(ii)
Curly brackets { }
(iii)
Circular brackets ( )
(iv)
Bar or Virnaculum

Thus, in simplifying an expression all the brackets must be removed in the order
, ( ), { } and [ ].
Modulus of a Real Number
The modulus of a real number x is defined as
=
x, if a > 0
|x|
=
x, if a < 0
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Basic Formulae
(i)

(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

(ii)

(a b)2 = a2 2ab + b2

(iii)

(a + b)2 (a b)2 = 4ab

(iv)

(a + b)2 + (a b)2 = 2(a2 + b2)

(v)

(a2 b2) = (a + b) (a b)

(vi)

(a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2(ab + bc + ca)

(vii)

(a3 + b3) = (a + b) (a2 ab + b2)

(viii)

(a3 b3) = (a b) (a2 + ab + b2)

(ix)

(a3 + b3 + c3 3abc) = (a + b + c), (a2 + b2 + c2 ab bc ca)

(x)

a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc, if a + b + c = 0

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Example 1: Simplify 1005 + 500 10 80.


Solution. 1005 + 500 10 80 = 1005 + 490 80 = 1495 80 = 1415
Example 2: If a * b = 2(a + b), then what is the value of 5 * 2?
Solution. 5 * 2
= 2(5 + 2)
= 2 7 = 14

Example 3: If x = , then what will be the value of 3x3 9x?


Solution.

3x3 9x = 3[31/3 + 31/3]


= 3[3 + 31 + 3(31/3 + 31/3)] 9[31/3 + 31/3]

=
=9+1
= 10

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