CONTENT

1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0

INTRODUCTION THEORY INSTRUMENTS DATA OF MEASUREMENT CONCLUSION REFERENCE

1.0 INTRODUCTION
(WORKPIECE NO. 6)
Testing or inspection can be done by using MEASUREMENT method. Measuring is a method of comparing the length or depth of measuring instruments. This means data or value can be obtained directly from the measuring instrument used.

This experiment has been done with objectives as below:

1. To learn the steps on how to measure parts using various types of vernier calipers and micrometers. 2. To learn how to read and take measurement from the instruments. 3. To learn on necessary instrument should be used and handling while taking the measurement. 4. To determine the process capabilities and ensure that these are better than the relevant parts tolerances. 5. To determine the measuring instruments capabilities and ensure that these are adequate for their respective measurement. 6. Maintenance of the measuring instruments used in the plant.

2.0 THEORY
2.1 How to Measuring

1. Firstly before we do inspection, sample part must be clean from dirt. All edges must be free from burrs. 2. Take measurement by using appropriate instrument. 3. Place the instrument to the sample part and tilt a little bit to an angle as shown in a picture below. 4. Take the measurement by taking reading directly to the measurement scale. 5. Make sure the eye is straight to the scale or it will cause parallax error, as shown below.

Observation technique

2.2 Main Source of Errors

a. Effects of Heat Because of expansion due to heat, the length of a body is different at different temperature. For this reason, a standard temperature of 20C has been fixed for the measurement.

b. Parallax Error The parallax error is the change in the apparent relative positions of objects when viewed from different positions.

c. Positioning and Alignment Error It may be caused if the measuring surface of the instrument is misaligned (or tilted at an angle) with respect to surfaces of the work piece. To avoid this error, always ensure that the instrument is positioned vertical to the work piece.

d. Reading Error How accurately can a scale be read? This depends upon the thickness of the line scale, the spacing of the scale divisions and the thickness of the datum of the pointer used to give the reading.

e. Instrument Error Pitch errors in the instrument such as micrometer, errors of scale division, play, wear, and friction in the moveable parts

f. Error caused by force The measuring surface of the instrument must be in contact against the workpiece. If this measuring pressure is too high, then the measuring instrument will bend and the work piece might also become dented or flattened at the point of contact area.

3.0 INSTRUMENTS
There are 5 measuring instrument is used in this experiment.

1. Dial caliper 2. Depth Vernier Caliper 3. External Micrometer 4. Depth Micrometer 5. Internal Micrometer

a. Dial Caliper

Dial Caliper is a caliper which is used a circular dial in order to take a reading. A pointer in the dial rotates once every inch, tenth of an inch, or 1 millimeter. This caliper is often used to measure length, external and internal diameter. Dial caliper reading can be taken easier than vernier caliper without need to read a vernier scale.

b. Depth Vernier caliper

This instrument is specially designed to measure depth. It is called vernier depth gage because of the vernier scale provided to give the value of measurement. It comes with several of sizes. The accuracy of vernier depth gage is normally 0.01mm.

How to read Vernier Caliper

A)

B) Firstly, read the metric scale after the 0 mm. after that read up the metric scale for the second number.

C)

D) And then look up the front the external jaws and read the metric scale for the value and the point of the behind metric scale.

c. External Micrometer

Normally, external micrometer is used to measure outer or external diameter. But it does also can be used to measure length. Different from calipers, external micrometer is more accurate. It can give a reading up to 0.001mm via its vernier scale. This instrument also comes in various sizes.

d. Depth Micrometer

Same as external micrometer, depth micrometer gives the accuracy up to 0.001mm. But with various sizes, this micrometer is often used to measure depth.

e. Internal Micrometer

1. It is to check internal dimensions such as diameter of a hole and width of a slot. It comes with different designs, rages, and shapes depending on its applications. 2. There are three most common internal micrometer: a. Internal Micrometer with central locking device. b. Internal Micrometer with measuring jaws. c. Internal micrometer with self centering pin. 3. It consists of a single micrometer head and series of extension measuring rods to provide a large measurement range (35 125mm). It has round measuring surfaces to provide better contact point on the round wall.

How to read Micrometer

Upper sleeve = 12.0 mm Lower sleeve = 0.5 mm Thimble Total value = 0.16 = 12.66 mm.

4.0 DATA OF MEASUREMENT

5.0 CONCLUSION
The conclusion that we can get after doing this experiment are: When measuring the workpiece we can know the shape of work piece looks like. We also can get the experiences of using the different types of mesurement tools. When measuring, we can determine the types of error. During the practical work we can learn how to read-off the measuring value. We also can know the right method of measuring if the shape of part are different like depth measuring, internal measuring, external measuring and mores.