Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, May 3, 2013

USDL-13-0785

Technical information:
Household data:
(202) 691-6378 cpsinfo@[Link] [Link]/cps
Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 cesinfo@[Link] [Link]/ces
Media contact:

(202) 691-5902 PressOffice@[Link]

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION APRIL 2013

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 165,000 in April, and the unemployment rate was little
changed at 7.5 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment increased in
professional and business services, food services and drinking places, retail trade, and health care.
Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted,
April 2011 April 2013

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month

change, seasonally adjusted, April 2011 April 2013

Percent
10.0

Thousands
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
-50
-100

9.0
8.0

7.0
6.0
A pr-11

Jul-11

Oct-11 Jan-12

A pr-12

Jul-12

Oct-12

Jan-13

A pr-13

A pr-11

Jul-11

Oct-11 Jan-12 A pr-12

Jul-12 Oct-12

Jan-13 A pr-13

Household Survey Data

The unemployment rate, at 7.5 percent, changed little in April but has declined by 0.4 percentage point
since January. The number of unemployed persons, at 11.7 million, was also little changed over the
month; however, unemployment has decreased by 673,000 since January. (See table A-1.)
Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for adult women (6.7 percent) declined in
April, while the rates for adult men (7.1 percent), teenagers (24.1 percent), whites (6.7 percent), blacks
(13.2 percent), and Hispanics (9.0 percent) showed little or no change. The jobless rate for Asians was
5.1 percent (not seasonally adjusted), little changed from a year earlier. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)
In April, the number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) declined by
258,000 to 4.4 million; their share of the unemployed declined by 2.2 percentage points to 37.4 percent.

Over the past 12 months, the number of long-term unemployed has decreased by 687,000, and their
share has declined by 3.1 percentage points. (See table A-12.)
The civilian labor force participation rate was 63.3 percent in April, unchanged over the month but
down from 63.6 percent in January. The employment-population ratio, 58.6 percent, was about
unchanged over the month and has shown little movement, on net, over the past year. (See table A-1.)
In April, the number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as
involuntary part-time workers) increased by 278,000 to 7.9 million, largely offsetting a decrease in
March. These individuals were working part time because their hours had been cut back or because they
were unable to find a full-time job. (See table A-8.)
In April, 2.3 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, essentially unchanged from
a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force,
wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They
were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the
survey. (See table A-16.)
Among the marginally attached, there were 835,000 discouraged workers in April, down by 133,000
from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not
currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.5
million persons marginally attached to the labor force in April had not searched for work in the 4 weeks
preceding the survey for reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.)
Establishment Survey Data
Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 165,000 in April, with job gains in professional and
business services, food services and drinking places, retail trade, and health care. Over the prior 12
months, employment growth averaged 169,000 per month. (See table B-1.)
Professional and business services added 73,000 jobs in April and has added 587,000 jobs over the
past year. In April, employment rose in temporary help services (+31,000), professional and technical
services (+23,000), and management of companies (+7,000).
Within leisure and hospitality, employment in food services and drinking places rose by 38,000 over
the month. Job growth in the food services industry averaged 25,000 per month over the prior 12
months.
Retail trade employment increased by 29,000 in April. The industry added an average of 21,000 jobs
per month over the prior 12 months. In April, job growth occurred in general merchandise stores
(+15,000) and in health and personal care stores (+5,000).
Health care added 19,000 jobs in April. Within the industry, employment rose in ambulatory health
care services (+14,000). Over the prior 12 months, job growth in health care averaged 24,000 per month.
In April, employment also continued its upward trend in social assistance (+7,000).
Employment changed little over the month in construction, with small offsetting movements in the
residential and nonresidential components. Construction gained an average of 27,000 jobs per month
over the prior 6 months. Manufacturing employment was unchanged in April.
-2-

Employment in other major industries, including mining and logging, wholesale trade, transportation
and warehousing, financial activities, and government, showed little change over the month.
The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls decreased by 0.2 hour in April
to 34.4 hours. Within manufacturing, the workweek decreased by 0.1 hour to 40.7 hours, and overtime
declined by 0.1 hour to 3.3 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory
employees on private nonfarm payrolls decreased by 0.1 hour to 33.7 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)
In April, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 4 cents to
$23.87. Over the year, average hourly earnings have risen by 45 cents, or 1.9 percent. In April, average
hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees edged up by 2 cents to
$20.06. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)
The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for February was revised from +268,000 to +332,000,
and the change for March was revised from +88,000 to +138,000. With these revisions, employment
gains in February and March combined were 114,000 higher than previously reported.

The Employment Situation for May is scheduled to be released on Friday, June 7, 2013, at 8:30
a.m. (EDT).

-3-

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category

Apr.
2012

Feb.
2013

Mar.
2013

Change from:
Mar. 2013Apr. 2013

Apr.
2013

Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...................... .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed................................................................... .
Employment-population ratio.......................................... .
Unemployed................................................................ .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

242,784
154,451
63.6
141,934
58.5
12,518
8.1
88,332

244,828
155,524
63.5
143,492
58.6
12,032
7.7
89,304

244,995
155,028
63.3
143,286
58.5
11,742
7.6
89,967

245,175
155,238
63.3
143,579
58.6
11,659
7.5
89,936

180
210
0.0
293
0.1
-83
-0.1
-31

Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult men (20 years and over)............................................. .
Adult women (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Teenagers (16 to 19 years). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asian (not seasonally adjusted)............................................ .
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................ .

8.1
7.5
7.4
24.9
7.4
13.1
5.2
10.3

7.7
7.1
7.0
25.1
6.8
13.8
6.1
9.6

7.6
6.9
7.0
24.2
6.7
13.3
5.0
9.2

7.5
7.1
6.7
24.1
6.7
13.2
5.1
9.0

-0.1
0.2
-0.3
-0.1
0.0
-0.1

-0.2

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelors degree and higher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.8
12.5
7.9
7.5
4.0

6.3
11.2
7.9
6.7
3.8

6.2
11.1
7.6
6.4
3.8

6.1
11.6
7.4
6.4
3.9

-0.1
0.5
-0.2
0.0
0.1

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .
Reentrants....................................................................... .
New entrants.................................................................... .

6,880
989
3,336
1,362

6,522
956
3,340
1,279

6,329
986
3,176
1,316

6,410
864
3,151
1,280

81
-122
-25
-36

Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks................................................................... .
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27 weeks and over........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,567
2,841
1,984
5,040

2,667
2,782
1,695
4,797

2,464
2,838
1,737
4,611

2,474
2,848
1,967
4,353

10
10
230
-258

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions......................................... .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,896
5,210
2,393
18,868

7,988
5,136
2,578
18,908

7,638
4,906
2,576
18,745

7,916
5,129
2,527
18,908

278
223
-49
163

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,363
968

2,588
885

2,326
803

2,347
835

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not
necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with
the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Apr.
2012

Feb.
2013

Mar.
2013p

Apr.
2013p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

112
120
6
0
-4
10
8
1.0
2
114
13.2
30.4
-15.1
0
5
45
14.7
22
20.7
14
0
-8

332
319
75
4
48
23
12
6.4
11
244
4.7
25.8
-5.3
18
15
93
27.5
31
37.0
63
-1
13

138
154
15
0
13
2
7
4.1
-5
139
2.9
-3.9
-6.7
2
5
64
25.5
46
26.5
38
-8
-16

165
176
-9
-3
-6
0
1
2.4
-1
185
4.1
29.3
4.2
-9
9
73
30.8
28
26.1
43
4
-11

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2
Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

49.4
47.8
82.6

49.3
47.8
82.6

49.3
47.8
82.6

49.3
47.9
82.6

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

34.5
$ 23.42
$807.99
96.3
0.1
107.6
0.2

34.5
$ 23.82
$821.79
97.9
0.5
111.2
0.7

34.6
$ 23.83
$824.52
98.3
0.4
111.7
0.4

34.4
$ 23.87
$821.13
97.9
-0.4
111.5
-0.2

HOURS AND EARNINGS

PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100)3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2002=100)4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33.7
$ 19.72
$664.56
103.6
0.1
136.4
0.3

33.8
$ 20.03
$677.01
105.6
0.9
141.2
1.1

33.8
$ 20.04
$677.35
105.7
0.1
141.4
0.1

33.7
$ 20.06
$676.02
105.5
-0.2
141.3
-0.1

58.3
54.9

61.7
56.8

56.2
51.9

53.9
44.4

Category

DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)5
Total private (266 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing (81 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing
industries.
3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current months estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours.
4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current months estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average
aggregate weekly payrolls.
5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance
between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
p Preliminary

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?
The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of
employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series
has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household
survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about
100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically
significant change in the household survey is about 400,000. However, the household survey has a
more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers
whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private
household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also
provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences
between the two surveys, please visit [Link]/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.pdf.
2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?
It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the
establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore,
it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does
not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which
identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the
foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The
Employment Situation news release.
3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?
The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating
additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.
The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding
2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
[Link]/ces/[Link].
On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors
estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax
records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more
information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit [Link]/web/empsit/[Link].
4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?
Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments
with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the
reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and
industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?
Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net
employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an
econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based
on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census
of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this
purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and
availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.
6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
insurance benefits?
No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons
who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the
unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There
is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.
7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
looking for work?
Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job,
including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged
workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include
discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each
month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these
alternative measures, please visit [Link]/cps/[Link]#altmeasures.
8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?
In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the month.
Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than on
employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including pay
for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically,
but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be
off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers, such
as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
In order for severe weather conditions to reduce the estimate of payroll employment, employees have
to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Slightly more than 20 percent of all employees
in the payroll survey sample have a weekly pay period. Employees who receive pay for any part of
the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll employment figures. It is not possible to
quantify the effect of extreme weather on estimates of over-the-month change in employment.
In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th of
the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as
employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the
number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure
of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours. Current and historical
data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page at [Link]

Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from two major
surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household
survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey
(CES; establishment survey). The household survey
provides information on the labor force, employment, and
unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked
HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about
60,000 eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census
Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides information on
employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm
payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each
month from the payroll records of a sample of
nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the
CES program surveys about 145,000 businesses and
government agencies, representing approximately 557,000
individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry
data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on
nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes
approximately one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a
particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the
reference period is generally the calendar week that
contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the
12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the
calendar week.

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the
labor force as a percent of the population, and
the employment-population ratio is the employed as a
percent of the population. Additional information
about the household survey can be found at
[Link]/cps/[Link].

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous

conceptual and methodological differences between the
household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the
surveys. Among these are:

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on
responses to a series of questions on work and job search
activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in
the labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work
at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked
in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or
worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or
farm. People are also counted as employed if they were
temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad
weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of
the following criteria: they had no employment during the
reference week; they were available for work at that time;
and they made specific efforts to find employment
sometime during the 4-week period ending with the
reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting
recall need not be looking for work to be counted as
unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the
household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and
unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories,
offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local
government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are
those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are
counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are
produced for the private sector for all employees and for
production and nonsupervisory employees. Production and
nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and
related employees in manufacturing and mining and
logging, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing
industries.
Industries are classified on the basis of an
establishments principal activity in accordance with the
2012 version of the North American Industry Classification
System. Additional information about the establishment
survey can be found at [Link]/ces/.

The household survey includes agricultural

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses
are unicorporated, unpaid family workers, and
private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment
survey.

The household survey includes people on unpaid

leave among the employed. The establishment
survey does not.

The household survey is limited to workers 16

years of age and older. The establishment survey is
not limited by age.

The household survey has no duplication of

individuals, because individuals are counted only
once, even if they hold more than one job. In the
establishment survey, employees working at more
than one job and thus appearing on more than one
payroll are counted separately for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may
result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays,
and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such
seasonal variation can be very large.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less
regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a
series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal
variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in employment or increases in the
participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For
example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure
any other changes that have taken place relative to May,
making it difficult to determine if the level of economic
activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the
establishment survey, payroll employment in education
declines by about 20 percent at the end of the spring term
and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because
seasonal employment changes at the end and beginning of
the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more
discernable. The seasonally adjusted figures provide a more
useful tool with which to analyze changes in month-tomonth economic activity.
Many seasonally adjusted series are independently
adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys.
However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most
major sectors, total employment, and unemployment are
computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived
by summing the adjusted series for four major age-sex
components; this differs from the unemployment estimate
that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by
combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age
categories.
For both the household and establishment surveys, a
concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in
which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using
all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current
month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are
used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are
used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly
estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year
revisions to historical data are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment
surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling

error. When a sample, rather than the entire population, is

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may
differ from the true population values they represent. The
component of this difference that occurs because samples
differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate.
There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more
than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value
because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally
conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly
change in total nonfarm employment from the
establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus
90,000. Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment
increases by 50,000 from one month to the next. The 90percent confidence interval on the monthly change would
range from -40,000 to +140,000 (50,000 +/- 90,000). These
figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these
magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this
interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero,
we could not say with confidence that nonfarm employment
had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the
values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be
greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen
that month. At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent,
the 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change
in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the
unemployment rate it is about +/- 0.2 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or
establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the
size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a
small number of observations. The precision of estimates
also is improved when the data are cumulated over time,
such as for quarterly and annual averages.
The household and establishment surveys are also
affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many
reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all
respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of
respondents to provide correct information on a timely
basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in
the collection or processing of the data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates
for the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete
returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive
revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample
reports have been received, that the estimate is considered
final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the
establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for
this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an
estimation procedure with two components is used to

account for business births. The first component excludes

employment losses from business deaths from samplebased estimation in order to offset the missing employment
gains from business births. This is incorporated into the
sample-based estimation procedure by simply not reflecting
sample units going out of business, but imputing to them
the same employment trend as the other firms in the
sample. This procedure accounts for most of the net
birth/death employment.
The second component is an ARIMA time series
model designed to estimate the residual net birth/death
employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA
model was derived from the unemployment insurance
universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance
program. The difference between the March sample-based
employment estimates and the March universe counts is
known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough
proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also
incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over
the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total
nonfarm employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a
range from -0.7 to 0.6 percent.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to
sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone:
(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted

Employment status, sex, and age

Apr.
2012

Mar.
2013

Apr.
2013

Apr.
2012

Dec.
2012

Jan.
2013

Feb.
2013

Mar.
2013

Apr.
2013

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

242,784
153,905
63.4
141,995
58.5
11,910
7.7
88,879
6,328

244,995
154,512
63.1
142,698
58.2
11,815
7.6
90,483
6,399

245,175
154,739
63.1
143,724
58.6
11,014
7.1
90,436
6,329

242,784
154,451
63.6
141,934
58.5
12,518
8.1
88,332
6,387

244,350
155,511
63.6
143,305
58.6
12,206
7.8
88,839
6,750

244,663
155,654
63.6
143,322
58.6
12,332
7.9
89,008
6,631

244,828
155,524
63.5
143,492
58.6
12,032
7.7
89,304
6,821

244,995
155,028
63.3
143,286
58.5
11,742
7.6
89,967
6,722

245,175
155,238
63.3
143,579
58.6
11,659
7.5
89,936
6,413

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

117,081
81,629
69.7
75,074
64.1
6,555
8.0
35,452

118,204
82,133
69.5
75,521
63.9
6,611
8.0
36,071

118,296
82,201
69.5
76,029
64.3
6,172
7.5
36,095

117,081
82,064
70.1
75,301
64.3
6,762
8.2
35,017

117,902
82,545
70.0
76,060
64.5
6,486
7.9
35,357

118,033
82,940
70.3
76,290
64.6
6,650
8.0
35,093

118,117
82,823
70.1
76,375
64.7
6,447
7.8
35,295

118,204
82,584
69.9
76,329
64.6
6,255
7.6
35,619

118,296
82,621
69.8
76,239
64.4
6,382
7.7
35,675

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

108,396
78,839
72.7
73,010
67.4
5,829
7.4
29,557

109,635
79,529
72.5
73,588
67.1
5,941
7.5
30,107

109,736
79,551
72.5
74,042
67.5
5,509
6.9
30,184

108,396
79,103
73.0
73,145
67.5
5,958
7.5
29,292

109,308
79,695
72.9
73,949
67.7
5,746
7.2
29,613

109,448
80,016
73.1
74,139
67.7
5,877
7.3
29,432

109,541
79,910
72.9
74,249
67.8
5,661
7.1
29,631

109,635
79,747
72.7
74,228
67.7
5,519
6.9
29,888

109,736
79,803
72.7
74,159
67.6
5,644
7.1
29,933

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

125,703
72,276
57.5
66,921
53.2
5,355
7.4
53,427

126,791
72,379
57.1
67,176
53.0
5,203
7.2
54,412

126,878
72,538
57.2
67,695
53.4
4,843
6.7
54,340

125,703
72,387
57.6
66,632
53.0
5,755
8.0
53,315

126,447
72,965
57.7
67,245
53.2
5,721
7.8
53,482

126,630
72,715
57.4
67,032
52.9
5,682
7.8
53,916

126,710
72,701
57.4
67,116
53.0
5,585
7.7
54,009

126,791
72,443
57.1
66,956
52.8
5,487
7.6
54,348

126,878
72,617
57.2
67,340
53.1
5,277
7.3
54,261

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

117,353
69,643
59.3
64,822
55.2
4,820
6.9
47,711

118,520
69,675
58.8
65,038
54.9
4,637
6.7
48,845

118,612
69,833
58.9
65,533
55.3
4,300
6.2
48,778

117,353
69,580
59.3
64,454
54.9
5,126
7.4
47,774

118,170
70,059
59.3
64,954
55.0
5,105
7.3
48,111

118,348
69,749
58.9
64,675
54.6
5,074
7.3
48,599

118,433
69,772
58.9
64,867
54.8
4,905
7.0
48,661

118,520
69,544
58.7
64,707
54.6
4,837
7.0
48,976

118,612
69,744
58.8
65,101
54.9
4,642
6.7
48,868

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17,034
5,423
31.8
4,163
24.4
1,260
23.2
11,611

16,840
5,309
31.5
4,072
24.2
1,237
23.3
11,531

16,827
5,355
31.8
4,149
24.7
1,206
22.5
11,473

17,034
5,768
33.9
4,334
25.4
1,434
24.9
11,266

16,871
5,756
34.1
4,402
26.1
1,355
23.5
11,115

16,867
5,889
34.9
4,508
26.7
1,381
23.4
10,978

16,854
5,842
34.7
4,376
26.0
1,466
25.1
11,012

16,840
5,737
34.1
4,351
25.8
1,386
24.2
11,103

16,827
5,692
33.8
4,320
25.7
1,372
24.1
11,135

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted

Employment status, race, sex, and age

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

Apr.
2012

Mar.
2013

Apr.
2013

Apr.
2012

Dec.
2012

Jan.
2013

Feb.
2013

Mar.
2013

Apr.
2013

192,893
122,997
63.8
114,313
59.3
8,684
7.1
69,896

193,946
122,809
63.3
114,354
59.0
8,454
6.9
71,138

194,041
123,048
63.4
115,231
59.4
7,817
6.4
70,993

192,893
123,585
64.1
114,438
59.3
9,147
7.4
69,308

193,849
123,774
63.9
115,289
59.5
8,485
6.9
70,076

193,776
123,971
64.0
115,266
59.5
8,705
7.0
69,805

193,859
123,626
63.8
115,250
59.5
8,376
6.8
70,233

193,946
123,382
63.6
115,080
59.3
8,302
6.7
70,565

194,041
123,504
63.6
115,266
59.4
8,238
6.7
70,537

64,212
73.3
59,975
68.5
4,237
6.6

64,253
72.8
59,974
68.0
4,280
6.7

64,441
73.0
60,450
68.5
3,992
6.2

64,451
73.6
60,054
68.6
4,396
6.8

64,646
73.3
60,609
68.7
4,037
6.2

64,924
73.7
60,652
68.8
4,272
6.6

64,720
73.4
60,659
68.8
4,061
6.3

64,549
73.1
60,594
68.7
3,955
6.1

64,674
73.2
60,540
68.6
4,135
6.4

54,421
58.8
50,919
55.0
3,502
6.4

54,291
58.3
51,077
54.8
3,214
5.9

54,300
58.3
51,374
55.1
2,926
5.4

54,470
58.8
50,777
54.8
3,693
6.8

54,452
58.5
51,015
54.8
3,437
6.3

54,318
58.4
50,869
54.7
3,450
6.4

54,224
58.2
50,946
54.7
3,278
6.0

54,255
58.2
50,940
54.7
3,315
6.1

54,221
58.2
51,123
54.8
3,098
5.7

4,365
34.4
3,419
26.9
946
21.7

4,264
34.0
3,304
26.4
960
22.5

4,307
34.4
3,408
27.2
899
20.9

4,665
36.8
3,607
28.4
1,057
22.7

4,676
37.2
3,665
29.1
1,011
21.6

4,729
37.7
3,746
29.8
983
20.8

4,682
37.3
3,645
29.1
1,037
22.1

4,578
36.5
3,546
28.3
1,032
22.5

4,608
36.8
3,603
28.8
1,005
21.8

29,824
18,227
61.1
15,940
53.4
2,286
12.5
11,597

30,255
18,461
61.0
16,090
53.2
2,371
12.8
11,794

30,290
18,532
61.2
16,240
53.6
2,292
12.4
11,758

29,824
18,298
61.4
15,910
53.3
2,388
13.1
11,526

30,093
18,403
61.2
15,827
52.6
2,577
14.0
11,690

30,190
18,641
61.7
16,073
53.2
2,568
13.8
11,549

30,223
18,639
61.7
16,059
53.1
2,580
13.8
11,583

30,255
18,524
61.2
16,068
53.1
2,456
13.3
11,731

30,290
18,617
61.5
16,167
53.4
2,450
13.2
11,673

8,133
67.0
7,018
57.8
1,114
13.7

8,447
68.1
7,322
59.1
1,125
13.3

8,326
67.0
7,287
58.7
1,039
12.5

8,166
67.3
7,049
58.1
1,118
13.7

8,298
67.4
7,134
58.0
1,164
14.0

8,382
67.8
7,262
58.8
1,120
13.4

8,437
68.2
7,352
59.4
1,085
12.9

8,447
68.1
7,370
59.4
1,077
12.7

8,377
67.4
7,319
58.9
1,058
12.6

9,459
62.9
8,503
56.6
956
10.1

9,344
61.2
8,305
54.4
1,039
11.1

9,543
62.4
8,531
55.8
1,012
10.6

9,454
62.9
8,440
56.2
1,013
10.7

9,454
62.2
8,305
54.7
1,149
12.2

9,545
62.7
8,367
54.9
1,178
12.3

9,491
62.2
8,302
54.4
1,189
12.5

9,365
61.3
8,226
53.9
1,139
12.2

9,529
62.3
8,425
55.1
1,105
11.6

635
23.9
419
15.7
216
34.1

670
25.9
463
17.9
207
30.9

663
25.7
422
16.3
241
36.4

679
25.5
421
15.8
257
37.9

651
25.1
387
14.9
264
40.5

714
27.5
444
17.1
270
37.8

711
27.4
404
15.6
307
43.1

713
27.6
472
18.2
241
33.8

711
27.5
423
16.4
287
40.5

12,774

13,223

13,244

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted

Employment status, race, sex, and age
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Apr.
2012
7,965
62.4
7,553
59.1
412
5.2
4,809

Mar.
2013
8,524
64.5
8,101
61.3
423
5.0
4,699

Apr.
2013
8,456
63.9
8,025
60.6
431
5.1
4,788

Apr.
2012

Dec.
2012

Jan.
2013

Feb.
2013

Mar.
2013

Apr.
2013

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced
annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted

Employment status, sex, and age

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Apr.
2012

Mar.
2013

Apr.
2013

Apr.
2012

Dec.
2012

Jan.
2013

Feb.
2013

Mar.
2013

Apr.
2013

36,546
24,201
66.2
21,839
59.8
2,362
9.8
12,345

37,242
24,282
65.2
21,986
59.0
2,295
9.5
12,960

37,320
24,475
65.6
22,412
60.1
2,063
8.4
12,845

36,546
24,248
66.3
21,749
59.5
2,499
10.3
12,298

37,231
24,539
65.9
22,195
59.6
2,344
9.6
12,692

37,094
24,572
66.2
22,199
59.8
2,373
9.7
12,522

37,169
24,563
66.1
22,215
59.8
2,348
9.6
12,606

37,242
24,354
65.4
22,122
59.4
2,232
9.2
12,888

37,320
24,512
65.7
22,310
59.8
2,202
9.0
12,808

13,284
80.8
12,146
73.9
1,138
8.6

13,518
80.5
12,407
73.9
1,111
8.2

13,640
81.1
12,602
74.9
1,037
7.6

9,826
59.7
8,886
54.0
939
9.6

9,805
58.3
8,890
52.9
915
9.3

9,796
58.2
9,062
53.8
734
7.5

1,092
29.9
807
22.1
285
26.1

959
26.3
690
18.9
269
28.1

1,039
28.5
748
20.5
291
28.0

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release
of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2012

Mar.
2013

Apr.
2013

Apr.
2012

Dec.
2012

Jan.
2013

Feb.
2013

Mar.
2013

Apr.
2013

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................... .
Employed................ . . . . . . . . . . ................. .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed........................................ .
Unemployment rate............................. .

11,490
45.7
10,069
40.1
1,421
12.4

11,137
45.5
9,803
40.0
1,334
12.0

11,072
45.1
9,810
39.9
1,262
11.4

11,379
45.3
9,952
39.6
1,428
12.5

11,120
45.1
9,821
39.8
1,298
11.7

11,125
45.5
9,784
40.0
1,341
12.0

11,256
47.2
9,999
41.9
1,257
11.2

11,264
46.0
10,012
40.9
1,252
11.1

10,999
44.8
9,725
39.6
1,274
11.6

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................... .
Employed................ . . . . . . . . . . ................. .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed........................................ .
Unemployment rate............................. .

36,812
59.3
33,959
54.7
2,852
7.7

36,090
58.5
33,088
53.7
3,003
8.3

36,224
58.7
33,614
54.5
2,610
7.2

36,740
59.2
33,825
54.5
2,915
7.9

36,663
59.1
33,713
54.3
2,950
8.0

36,557
58.7
33,585
54.0
2,972
8.1

36,143
58.1
33,289
53.6
2,854
7.9

36,121
58.6
33,359
54.1
2,762
7.6

36,200
58.7
33,510
54.3
2,689
7.4

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................... .
Employed................ . . . . . . . . . . ................. .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed........................................ .
Unemployment rate............................. .

36,966
68.6
34,270
63.6
2,696
7.3

37,193
68.1
34,813
63.7
2,380
6.4

37,058
67.8
34,820
63.7
2,238
6.0

37,248
69.1
34,437
63.9
2,812
7.5

37,397
68.7
34,831
64.0
2,566
6.9

37,201
68.3
34,587
63.5
2,614
7.0

37,291
68.0
34,776
63.5
2,515
6.7

37,232
68.1
34,845
63.8
2,387
6.4

37,371
68.4
34,992
64.1
2,379
6.4

Bachelors degree and higher2

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................... .
Employed................ . . . . . . . . . . ................. .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed........................................ .
Unemployment rate............................. .

48,075
76.4
46,310
73.6
1,765
3.7

49,560
75.8
47,723
73.0
1,837
3.7

49,663
75.9
47,888
73.2
1,775
3.6

47,988
76.2
46,065
73.2
1,923
4.0

48,859
75.9
46,954
72.9
1,905
3.9

48,991
75.8
47,172
72.9
1,819
3.7

49,436
75.9
47,555
73.0
1,881
3.8

49,236
75.3
47,371
72.5
1,865
3.8

49,492
75.6
47,563
72.7
1,929
3.9

1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2 Includes persons with bachelors, masters, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,
and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Apr.
2012

Men
Apr.
2013

Apr.
2012

Women
Apr.
2013

Apr.
2012

Apr.
2013

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21,256
11,114
52.3
10,329
48.6
785
7.1
10,142

21,467
11,185
52.1
10,492
48.9
693
6.2
10,282

19,444
9,994
51.4
9,266
47.7
729
7.3
9,450

19,247
9,766
50.7
9,139
47.5
627
6.4
9,481

1,812
1,120
61.8
1,063
58.7
57
5.0
692

2,220
1,420
63.9
1,353
61.0
66
4.7
800

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,701
2,127
78.8
1,932
71.5
195
9.2
574

2,804
2,256
80.5
2,086
74.4
170
7.5
548

2,214
1,814
81.9
1,650
74.5
164
9.0
400

2,245
1,874
83.5
1,732
77.1
143
7.6
371

487
314
64.3
283
58.0
31
9.9
174

558
381
68.3
354
63.4
27
7.2
177

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,950
2,479
84.1
2,351
79.7
129
5.2
470

3,425
2,850
83.2
2,693
78.6
157
5.5
575

2,471
2,114
85.5
1,994
80.7
120
5.7
358

2,738
2,337
85.4
2,198
80.3
139
5.9
401

478
366
76.5
357
74.6
9
2.4
112

687
513
74.6
495
72.0
18
3.5
174

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9,949
3,293
33.1
3,072
30.9
221
6.7
6,656

9,916
3,135
31.6
2,915
29.4
220
7.0
6,781

9,627
3,170
32.9
2,956
30.7
215
6.8
6,457

9,538
3,009
31.5
2,799
29.3
210
7.0
6,529

322
122
38.1
116
36.0
7
5.3
199

378
126
33.4
116
30.7
10
8.3
252

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,656
3,214
56.8
2,974
52.6
240
7.5
2,441

5,322
2,944
55.3
2,798
52.6
146
5.0
2,378

5,131
2,897
56.4
2,666
52.0
230
8.0
2,235

4,726
2,545
53.9
2,409
51.0
136
5.3
2,181

525
318
60.6
308
58.7
10
3.1
207

596
399
66.9
389
65.2
10
2.6
197

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

212,630
141,057
66.3
130,362
61.3
10,695
7.6
71,572

214,659
141,712
66.0
131,871
61.4
9,840
6.9
72,948

93,088
70,766
76.0
65,175
70.0
5,591
7.9
22,321

94,424
71,577
75.8
66,284
70.2
5,293
7.4
22,847

119,542
70,291
58.8
65,187
54.5
5,104
7.3
49,251

120,236
70,134
58.3
65,588
54.5
4,547
6.5
50,101

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S.
Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August
2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time
periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and
another period are classified only in the wartime period. Beginning with data for January 2013, estimates for veterans incorporate population controls derived from the updated
Department of Veterans Affairs population model.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally
adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Persons with a disability
Employment status, sex, and age

Apr.
2012

Apr.
2013

Persons with no disability

Apr.
2012

Apr.
2013

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate..................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................. .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed.......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate............................................................... .
Not in labor force....................................................................... .

28,209
5,736
20.3
5,021
17.8
715
12.5
22,473

28,908
5,985
20.7
5,215
18.0
770
12.9
22,922

214,574
148,169
69.1
136,974
63.8
11,195
7.6
66,406

216,267
148,754
68.8
138,509
64.0
10,245
6.9
67,513

Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate..................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................. .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed.......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate............................................................... .
Not in labor force....................................................................... .

2,488
33.4
2,163
29.1
325
13.1
4,951

2,680
35.0
2,312
30.2
367
13.7
4,966

74,867
81.9
68,876
75.4
5,991
8.0
16,541

75,010
81.9
69,465
75.8
5,545
7.4
16,614

Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate..................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................. .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed.......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate............................................................... .
Not in labor force....................................................................... .

2,296
29.1
1,964
24.9
332
14.5
5,592

2,281
28.7
1,943
24.5
338
14.8
5,659

66,573
70.4
61,761
65.3
4,811
7.2
27,996

66,597
70.2
62,273
65.6
4,325
6.5
28,297

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate..................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................. .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed.......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate............................................................... .
Not in labor force....................................................................... .

952
7.4
894
6.9
58
6.1
11,930

1,024
7.7
960
7.2
64
6.3
12,297

6,729
23.5
6,337
22.2
393
5.8
21,869

7,147
24.0
6,771
22.8
375
5.3
22,602

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing
even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition;
has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctors office or
shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status and nativity

Apr.
2012

Men
Apr.
2013

Apr.
2012

Women
Apr.
2013

Apr.
2012

Apr.
2013

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .

37,215
24,460
65.7
22,619
60.8
1,842
7.5
12,755

37,842
24,982
66.0
23,292
61.6
1,690
6.8
12,860

18,249
14,220
77.9
13,233
72.5
986
6.9
4,030

18,500
14,572
78.8
13,636
73.7
936
6.4
3,929

18,966
10,241
54.0
9,386
49.5
855
8.3
8,725

19,342
10,410
53.8
9,656
49.9
754
7.2
8,932

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .

205,569
129,444
63.0
119,376
58.1
10,068
7.8
76,124

207,332
129,757
62.6
120,432
58.1
9,325
7.2
77,575

98,831
67,409
68.2
61,840
62.6
5,569
8.3
31,422

99,796
67,629
67.8
62,393
62.5
5,236
7.7
32,167

106,737
62,035
58.1
57,535
53.9
4,500
7.3
44,702

107,537
62,128
57.8
58,039
54.0
4,089
6.6
45,409

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or
one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the
United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated
population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Category

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private households........................... .
Other industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2
All industries
Part time for economic reasons3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2012

Mar.
2013

Apr.
2013

Apr.
2012

Dec.
2012

Jan.
2013

Feb.
2013

Mar.
2013

Apr.
2013

2,107
1,282
798
26
139,888
131,257
20,356
110,901
724
110,176
8,558
72

1,904
1,162
700
42
140,793
132,417
20,965
111,452
659
110,792
8,264
113

1,951
1,144
783
23
141,774
133,065
20,635
112,429
617
111,813
8,632
77

2,166
1,355
789

139,734
131,104
19,957
111,166

110,427
8,557

2,088
1,295
747

141,190
132,113
20,686
111,406

110,632
8,935

2,057
1,245
775

141,255
132,445
20,696
111,746

110,873
8,746

2,065
1,258
792

141,415
132,694
20,571
112,141

111,411
8,686

2,001
1,250
710

141,317
132,761
20,633
112,147

111,462
8,407

2,017
1,227
772

141,592
132,847
20,269
112,558

111,932
8,651

7,694
4,997
2,467
19,443

7,734
4,857
2,578
19,262

7,709
4,920
2,530
19,829

7,896
5,210
2,393
18,868

7,918
4,928
2,616
18,763

7,973
5,126
2,630
18,464

7,988
5,136
2,578
18,908

7,638
4,906
2,576
18,745

7,916
5,129
2,527
18,908

7,581
4,909
2,456
19,097

7,598
4,771
2,563
18,949

7,590
4,845
2,513
19,494

7,770
5,116
2,347
18,475

7,812
4,887
2,583
18,469

7,867
5,047
2,610
18,182

7,865
5,045
2,542
18,549

7,544
4,832
2,510
18,435

7,793
5,058
2,454
18,542

1 Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the
entire week.
3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions,
inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training,
retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during
the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of
the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2012

Mar.
2013

Apr.
2013

Apr.
2012

Dec.
2012

Jan.
2013

Feb.
2013

Mar.
2013

Apr.
2013

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

141,995
4,163
1,304
2,859
137,832
13,224
124,608
94,307
30,750
30,640
32,917
30,300

142,698
4,072
1,298
2,774
138,626
13,199
125,426
94,044
30,983
30,577
32,484
31,383

143,724
4,149
1,361
2,787
139,576
13,444
126,132
94,591
31,185
30,749
32,658
31,540

141,934
4,334
1,429
2,889
137,599
13,339
124,209
94,143
30,706
30,550
32,886
30,067

143,305
4,402
1,405
2,985
138,903
13,570
125,406
94,253
31,115
30,524
32,614
31,153

143,322
4,508
1,453
3,048
138,814
13,471
125,311
94,147
31,137
30,480
32,531
31,164

143,492
4,376
1,520
2,866
139,116
13,527
125,604
94,387
31,152
30,521
32,714
31,217

143,286
4,351
1,482
2,868
138,935
13,382
125,615
94,409
31,180
30,620
32,610
31,206

143,579
4,320
1,490
2,834
139,260
13,569
125,678
94,393
31,133
30,637
32,623
31,285

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

75,074
2,064
633
1,431
73,010
6,778
66,232
50,290
16,566
16,417
17,308
15,942

75,521
1,933
574
1,359
73,588
6,851
66,737
50,176
16,719
16,532
16,925
16,560

76,029
1,987
607
1,380
74,042
6,877
67,166
50,543
16,837
16,666
17,040
16,623

75,301
2,156
681
1,473
73,145
6,869
66,165
50,320
16,613
16,439
17,268
15,845

76,060
2,111
690
1,422
73,949
7,104
66,902
50,370
16,799
16,443
17,127
16,532

76,290
2,151
673
1,472
74,139
7,070
67,002
50,474
16,889
16,519
17,066
16,528

76,375
2,126
713
1,408
74,249
7,073
67,149
50,603
16,940
16,597
17,066
16,546

76,329
2,101
645
1,444
74,228
7,006
67,205
50,669
16,980
16,655
17,034
16,536

76,239
2,080
653
1,426
74,159
6,990
67,095
50,565
16,887
16,673
17,005
16,530

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

66,921
2,099
671
1,427
64,822
6,446
58,376
44,017
14,185
14,223
15,609
14,359

67,176
2,139
724
1,415
65,038
6,348
58,690
43,867
14,264
14,045
15,559
14,822

67,695
2,162
755
1,408
65,533
6,567
58,966
44,048
14,348
14,083
15,618
14,918

66,632
2,178
748
1,416
64,454
6,470
58,044
43,822
14,093
14,111
15,618
14,222

67,245
2,291
715
1,563
64,954
6,467
58,504
43,883
14,315
14,080
15,487
14,621

67,032
2,357
780
1,576
64,675
6,402
58,309
43,674
14,248
13,961
15,465
14,636

67,116
2,250
807
1,458
64,867
6,455
58,455
43,784
14,212
13,925
15,648
14,671

66,956
2,250
837
1,424
64,707
6,376
58,411
43,740
14,200
13,965
15,575
14,670

67,340
2,239
837
1,408
65,101
6,578
58,583
43,828
14,246
13,964
15,619
14,755

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

43,530
34,369
9,530

43,656
34,409
9,309

43,905
34,442
9,465

43,623
34,230

43,924
34,611

44,117
34,271

43,934
34,400

44,007
34,319

44,024
34,346

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

113,999
27,996

114,796
27,902

115,674
28,050

114,441
27,483

115,868
27,502

115,918
27,467

115,841
27,569

115,903
27,442

116,053
27,549

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,947
4.9

7,192
5.0

7,029
4.9

6,873
4.8

7,017
4.9

6,919
4.8

7,259
5.1

7,102
5.0

6,983
4.9

SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,258
9,357

5,419
8,964

5,342
9,415

9,345

9,682

9,521

9,478

9,117

9,423

1 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
2 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated
population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Apr.
2012

Mar.
2013

Apr.
2013

Apr.
2012

Dec.
2012

Jan.
2013

Feb.
2013

Mar.
2013

Apr.
2013

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years................................... .
18 to 19 years................................... .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years................................... .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over............................ .

12,518
1,434
503
950
11,084
2,033
9,040
7,011
2,702
2,138
2,171
2,016

11,742
1,386
550
813
10,356
2,049
8,237
6,414
2,490
1,969
1,955
1,832

11,659
1,372
559
827
10,287
2,053
8,204
6,429
2,497
1,897
2,036
1,825

8.1
24.9
26.0
24.8
7.5
13.2
6.8
6.9
8.1
6.5
6.2
6.3

7.8
23.5
25.8
22.6
7.2
13.7
6.5
6.7
7.7
6.6
5.8
5.9

7.9
23.4
28.4
20.8
7.3
14.2
6.5
6.7
7.7
6.5
6.0
6.0

7.7
25.1
27.6
23.0
7.1
13.1
6.3
6.5
7.8
6.2
5.5
5.8

7.6
24.2
27.1
22.1
6.9
13.3
6.2
6.4
7.4
6.0
5.7
5.5

7.5
24.1
27.3
22.6
6.9
13.1
6.1
6.4
7.4
5.8
5.9
5.5

Men, 16 years and over.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years................................... .
18 to 19 years................................... .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years................................... .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over............................ .

6,762
804
280
529
5,958
1,135
4,797
3,732
1,462
1,128
1,142
1,065

6,255
736
286
442
5,519
1,182
4,301
3,301
1,303
991
1,008
1,000

6,382
738
297
447
5,644
1,135
4,518
3,521
1,383
1,006
1,132
998

8.2
27.2
29.1
26.4
7.5
14.2
6.8
6.9
8.1
6.4
6.2
6.3

7.9
25.9
25.1
26.3
7.2
13.5
6.5
6.5
7.7
6.2
5.7
6.2

8.0
26.4
31.3
23.7
7.3
15.3
6.5
6.6
7.7
6.2
5.9
6.2

7.8
27.0
31.1
24.3
7.1
13.4
6.3
6.4
7.7
5.9
5.7
6.0

7.6
25.9
30.7
23.4
6.9
14.4
6.0
6.1
7.1
5.6
5.6
5.7

7.7
26.2
31.2
23.9
7.1
14.0
6.3
6.5
7.6
5.7
6.2
5.7

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years................................... .
18 to 19 years................................... .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years................................... .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over1 .......................... .

5,755
629
224
421
5,126
898
4,243
3,278
1,239
1,010
1,029
878

5,487
650
264
371
4,837
867
3,936
3,114
1,187
979
948
808

5,277
635
262
379
4,642
918
3,686
2,909
1,114
890
904
756

8.0
22.4
23.0
22.9
7.4
12.2
6.8
7.0
8.1
6.7
6.2
5.8

7.8
21.2
26.6
18.9
7.3
13.9
6.6
6.9
7.7
7.1
6.0
5.1

7.8
20.5
25.7
17.9
7.3
13.1
6.6
6.8
7.7
6.9
6.0
5.9

7.7
23.2
24.3
21.7
7.0
12.7
6.4
6.6
7.9
6.7
5.3
5.6

7.6
22.4
24.0
20.7
7.0
12.0
6.3
6.6
7.7
6.5
5.7
5.2

7.3
22.1
23.8
21.2
6.7
12.3
5.9
6.2
7.3
6.0
5.5
4.8

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,345
1,916
1,078

1,973
1,707
1,120

2,017
1,582
1,086

5.1
5.3
10.2

4.7
5.2
11.3

4.6
5.2
11.3

4.5
4.9
11.0

4.3
4.7
10.7

4.4
4.4
10.3

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10,707
1,845

9,963
1,719

9,892
1,760

8.6
6.3

8.3
6.2

8.3
6.2

8.1
6.2

7.9
5.9

7.9
6.0

1 Not seasonally adjusted.

2 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs.
3 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time
jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of
the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Reason

Apr.
2012

Mar.
2013

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2013

Apr.
2012

Dec.
2012

Jan.
2013

Feb.
2013

Mar.
2013

Apr.
2013

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff........................... .
Permanent job losers........................... .
Persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . .
Job leavers............................................ .
Reentrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New entrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,555
1,009
5,546
4,397
1,149
962
3,184
1,210

6,638
1,312
5,325
4,029
1,296
947
3,061
1,169

6,079
1,080
4,998
3,840
1,158
836
2,966
1,133

6,880
1,108
5,772
4,526
1,245
989
3,336
1,362

6,408
1,085
5,323
4,075
1,248
983
3,587
1,291

6,637
1,155
5,483
4,208
1,275
981
3,515
1,287

6,522
1,078
5,443
4,128
1,315
956
3,340
1,279

6,329
1,107
5,223
3,959
1,264
986
3,176
1,316

6,410
1,170
5,240
3,976
1,264
864
3,151
1,280

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff........................... .
Job leavers............................................ .
Reentrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New entrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55.0
8.5
46.6
8.1
26.7
10.2

56.2
11.1
45.1
8.0
25.9
9.9

55.2
9.8
45.4
7.6
26.9
10.3

54.7
8.8
45.9
7.9
26.5
10.8

52.2
8.8
43.4
8.0
29.2
10.5

53.4
9.3
44.1
7.9
28.3
10.4

53.9
8.9
45.0
7.9
27.6
10.6

53.6
9.4
44.2
8.4
26.9
11.1

54.8
10.0
44.8
7.4
26.9
10.9

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers............................................ .
Reentrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New entrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.3
0.6
2.1
0.8

4.3
0.6
2.0
0.8

3.9
0.5
1.9
0.7

4.5
0.6
2.2
0.9

4.1
0.6
2.3
0.8

4.3
0.6
2.3
0.8

4.2
0.6
2.1
0.8

4.1
0.6
2.0
0.8

4.1
0.6
2.0
0.8

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Duration

Apr.
2012

Mar.
2013

Apr.
2013

Seasonally adjusted
Apr.
2012

Dec.
2012

Jan.
2013

Feb.
2013

Mar.
2013

Apr.
2013

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 weeks and over................................... .
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,165
2,368
7,377
2,109
5,268

2,067
3,040
6,708
2,051
4,657

2,045
2,375
6,594
2,106
4,488

2,567
2,841
7,023
1,984
5,040

2,676
2,838
6,661
1,895
4,766

2,766
3,028
6,566
1,858
4,708

2,667
2,782
6,493
1,695
4,797

2,464
2,838
6,348
1,737
4,611

2,474
2,848
6,320
1,967
4,353

Average (mean) duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Median duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

42.0
22.3

37.9
19.0

39.0
20.0

39.1
19.3

38.1
18.0

35.3
16.0

36.9
17.8

37.1
18.1

36.5
17.5

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 weeks and over................................... .
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18.2
19.9
61.9
17.7
44.2

17.5
25.7
56.8
17.4
39.4

18.6
21.6
59.9
19.1
40.8

20.6
22.9
56.5
16.0
40.5

22.0
23.3
54.7
15.6
39.1

22.4
24.5
53.1
15.0
38.1

22.3
23.3
54.4
14.2
40.2

21.1
24.4
54.5
14.9
39.6

21.3
24.5
54.3
16.9
37.4

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employed
Occupation

Total, 16 years and over1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . .
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Service occupations................................................. .
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations........................................................ .
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations............ .
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations........................................................ .
Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and material moving occupations............. .

Unemployed

Unemployment
rates

Apr.
2012

Apr.
2013

Apr.
2012

Apr.
2013

Apr.
2012

Apr.
2013

141,995
54,055

143,724
54,767

11,910
2,062

11,014
1,980

7.7
3.7

7.1
3.5

22,590
31,465
25,303
33,290
15,320
17,970

22,737
32,031
25,840
33,616
15,457
18,159

934
1,128
2,426
2,745
1,266
1,478

836
1,144
2,294
2,501
1,151
1,349

4.0
3.5
8.8
7.6
7.6
7.6

3.5
3.4
8.2
6.9
6.9
6.9

12,377
913
6,734
4,731

12,680
858
6,786
5,036

1,608
196
1,137
276

1,483
104
1,137
242

11.5
17.6
14.4
5.5

10.5
10.8
14.3
4.6

16,970
8,348
8,622

16,821
8,009
8,811

1,822
863
959

1,601
726
875

9.7
9.4
10.0

8.7
8.3
9.0

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Total, 16 years and over1 ............................................................... .

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... .
Construction.......................................................................... .
Manufacturing........................................................................ .
Durable goods..................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ .
Professional and business services............................................... .
Education and health services..................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... .
Government workers................................................................... .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . .

Number of
unemployed
persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment
rates

Apr.
2012

Apr.
2013

Apr.
2012

Apr.
2013

11,910
9,197
43
1,156
1,046
620
427
1,603
453
243
505
1,322
1,058
1,290
478
233
786
484

11,014
8,608
73
1,077
963
583
379
1,484
355
152
515
1,259
983
1,327
420
110
715
447

7.7
7.7
4.2
14.5
6.9
6.5
7.4
7.9
7.6
8.3
5.5
8.5
4.8
9.8
7.4
16.0
3.7
4.9

7.1
7.1
6.1
13.2
6.4
6.2
6.7
7.4
5.7
5.4
5.4
8.1
4.4
9.6
6.7
9.1
3.3
4.5

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Not seasonally adjusted
Measure

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as

a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian
labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the
civilian labor force (official unemployment
rate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers,
as a percent of the civilian labor force plus
discouraged workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers,
plus all other persons marginally attached to
the labor force, as a percent of the civilian
labor force plus all persons marginally attached
to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force, plus
total employed part time for economic reasons,
as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all
persons marginally attached to the labor
force................................................. .

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2012

Mar.
2013

Apr.
2013

Apr.
2012

Dec.
2012

Jan.
2013

Feb.
2013

Mar.
2013

Apr.
2013

4.8

4.3

4.3

4.5

4.3

4.2

4.2

4.1

4.1

4.3

4.3

3.9

4.5

4.1

4.3

4.2

4.1

4.1

7.7

7.6

7.1

8.1

7.8

7.9

7.7

7.6

7.5

8.3

8.1

7.6

8.7

8.5

8.4

8.3

8.1

8.0

9.1

9.0

8.5

9.5

9.4

9.3

9.2

8.9

8.9

14.1

13.9

13.4

14.5

14.4

14.4

14.3

13.8

13.9

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are
available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a
job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for
full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Category

Apr.
2012

Men
Apr.
2013

Apr.
2012

Women
Apr.
2013

Apr.
2012

Apr.
2013

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force............................................ .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . ............................. .
Marginally attached to the labor force1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3 . . . .

88,879
6,328
2,363
968
1,395

90,436
6,329
2,347
835
1,512

35,452
3,141
1,311
611
699

36,095
2,958
1,220
496
724

53,427
3,187
1,053
357
696

54,340
3,370
1,127
339
788

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary job full time, secondary job part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both full time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hours vary on primary or secondary job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,947
4.9
3,549
1,914
289
1,134

7,029
4.9
3,761
1,934
198
1,089

3,501
4.7
2,026
621
194
634

3,493
4.6
2,177
587
104
608

3,446
5.1
1,523
1,293
95
500

3,536
5.2
1,583
1,347
93
481

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week,
but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
2 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling
or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation
problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4 Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2012

Feb.
2013

Mar.
2013p

Apr.
2013p

Apr.
2012

Feb.
2013

Mar.
2013p

Apr.
2013p

133,400
111,051
18,178

133,752
111,542
18,105

134,562
112,295
18,256

135,494
113,232
18,429

133,397
111,464
18,408

135,171
113,300
18,638

135,309
113,454
18,653

135,474
113,630
18,644

Change
from:
Mar.2013 Apr.2013p
165
176
-9

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, except oil and gas1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

841
45.3
795.4
184.2
221.3
88.4
389.9

853
48.3
804.3
191.2
217.7
84.9
395.4

856
47.1
808.6
191.0
220.1
85.8
397.5

854
46.0
808.4
192.3
220.0
83.8
396.1

852
49.1
802.7
185.2
224.6
88.5
392.9

867
49.9
817.0
193.4
226.9
84.7
396.7

867
49.7
817.4
192.3
226.2
85.2
398.9

864
49.7
813.9
193.2
223.0
83.6
397.7

-3
0.0
-3.5
0.9
-3.2
-1.6
-1.2

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . .
Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . .
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . .

5,487
1,197.0
553.4
643.6
844.7
3,444.8
1,435.8
2,009.0

5,373
1,199.9
546.5
653.4
791.2
3,382.0
1,418.2
1,963.8

5,485
1,211.1
551.8
659.3
808.7
3,465.6
1,452.9
2,012.7

5,645
1,230.5
568.5
662.0
856.7
3,557.3
1,507.0
2,050.3

5,636
1,231.7
572.0
659.7
869.9
3,534.3
1,476.1
2,058.2

5,783
1,259.8
578.3
681.5
897.9
3,624.9
1,529.2
2,095.7

5,796
1,262.4
580.2
682.2
887.1
3,646.6
1,538.3
2,108.3

5,790
1,263.8
586.4
677.4
883.3
3,642.6
1,545.4
2,097.2

-6
1.4
6.2
-4.8
-3.8
-4.0
7.1
-11.1

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11,850

11,879

11,915

11,930

11,920

11,988

11,990

11,990

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and electronic products1 . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . .
Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Semiconductors and electronic
components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . .
Transportation equipment1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous durable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,436
335.0
363.5
401.6
1,400.4
1,095.9
1,094.1
157.9
109.4

7,460
337.9
352.3
395.1
1,420.6
1,099.4
1,083.0
159.0
107.7

7,489
340.4
358.8
397.4
1,425.8
1,104.6
1,082.3
159.4
107.8

7,501
342.2
363.6
397.0
1,429.9
1,107.5
1,078.9
160.2
107.3

7,460
337.2
367.2
401.5
1,407.3
1,099.3
1,097.4
158.4
110.0

7,511
347.3
366.9
397.1
1,429.8
1,103.3
1,084.5
159.4
107.9

7,518
346.0
367.4
398.3
1,432.2
1,106.0
1,084.0
159.8
108.0

7,519
344.3
366.1
397.0
1,434.7
1,109.6
1,082.0
160.6
107.7

1
-1.7
-1.3
-1.3
2.5
3.6
-2.0
0.8
-0.3

384.2
401.9
369.1
1,447.6
768.4
351.3

380.1
396.9
363.4
1,482.9
793.3
348.7

379.3
396.6
363.5
1,491.4
802.2
350.5

379.0
393.4
363.9
1,493.7
804.0
350.8

384.7
403.1
370.8
1,447.3
766.5
352.9

380.6
396.8
365.5
1,485.7
794.1
352.4

379.8
396.9
365.6
1,488.8
798.2
352.2

379.6
394.7
365.6
1,491.8
800.6
351.5

-0.2
-2.2
0.0
3.0
2.4
-0.7

577.0

576.6

574.4

573.8

579.5

578.5

577.4

576.5

-0.9

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . .
Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,414
1,436.2
118.5
116.9
150.3
378.6
463.2
112.4
780.5
640.9

4,419
1,442.3
114.3
115.5
148.5
376.7
452.9
112.1
790.1
650.1

4,426
1,444.5
114.4
115.1
146.0
375.7
454.3
112.8
793.6
654.3

4,429
1,447.3
114.3
115.1
142.9
375.3
451.2
113.9
793.7
654.6

4,460
1,468.3
118.6
117.0
149.7
380.7
465.2
113.2
782.8
643.9

4,477
1,475.0
115.1
116.7
148.2
378.3
456.8
115.6
793.2
654.2

4,472
1,475.1
114.6
115.9
145.7
377.7
456.0
115.6
793.6
656.4

4,471
1,477.4
114.5
115.2
142.8
377.3
452.9
114.9
794.5
657.1

-1
2.3
-0.1
-0.7
-2.9
-0.4
-3.1
-0.7
0.9
0.7

216.3

216.6

214.9

220.2

220.7

223.4

221.8

224.3

2.5

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

92,873

93,437

94,039

94,803

93,056

94,662

94,801

94,986

185

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25,207

25,417

25,492

25,628

25,409

25,808

25,800

25,837

37

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electronic markets and agents and brokers.. .

5,638.2
2,812.0
1,961.9
864.3

5,683.2
2,835.6
1,974.1
873.5

5,705.1
2,842.8
1,980.7
881.6

5,726.6
2,846.5
1,995.3
884.8

5,654.0
2,822.9
1,964.4
866.7

5,733.7
2,854.1
1,998.3
881.3

5,736.6
2,854.3
1,996.9
885.4

5,740.7
2,855.1
1,998.5
887.1

4.1
0.8
1.6
1.7

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicle and parts dealers1 . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . .

14,673.6
1,728.2
1,085.0
431.1

14,766.7
1,731.1
1,098.6
446.9

14,814.0
1,747.6
1,106.1
443.8

14,921.7
1,758.7
1,112.2
445.8

14,829.5
1,727.1
1,085.2
438.9

15,052.3
1,756.0
1,108.8
451.1

15,048.4
1,760.3
1,110.9
450.8

15,077.7
1,758.6
1,113.1
452.9

29.3
-1.7
2.2
2.1

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2012

Feb.
2013

Mar.
2013p

Apr.
2013p

Apr.
2012

Feb.
2013

Mar.
2013p

Apr.
2013p

Change
from:
Mar.2013 Apr.2013p

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . .

Building material and garden supply stores.. .
Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . .
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General merchandise stores1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

509.3
1,221.9
2,817.6
990.6
834.3
1,336.4

510.3
1,132.1
2,866.3
1,017.0
836.2
1,389.7

498.5
1,167.6
2,863.2
1,018.3
837.5
1,391.5

495.7
1,225.4
2,867.9
1,024.1
845.2
1,395.6

515.2
1,175.2
2,842.6
998.6
840.0
1,380.7

510.3
1,178.8
2,896.1
1,024.1
849.4
1,449.0

503.9
1,174.6
2,893.9
1,025.6
849.6
1,446.4

502.1
1,177.4
2,895.1
1,031.0
850.3
1,446.8

-1.8
2.8
1.2
5.4
0.7
0.4

562.6
3,037.5
1,471.9
776.0
428.1

571.7
3,029.0
1,447.7
796.1
440.3

562.4
3,061.3
1,451.0
785.5
436.8

564.0
3,069.7
1,455.7
796.8
432.8

581.5
3,097.2
1,516.1
789.9
442.6

582.4
3,099.5
1,481.8
809.4
446.2

580.6
3,107.5
1,485.7
808.2
447.0

581.9
3,122.3
1,493.6
812.2
447.1

1.3
14.8
7.9
4.0
0.1

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transit and ground passenger
transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . .
Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . .
Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,342.0
459.6
232.1
61.4
1,321.3

4,413.4
442.3
229.4
60.2
1,346.8

4,418.9
444.2
229.5
61.5
1,347.8

4,425.4
446.9
230.9
61.7
1,367.5

4,372.4
460.4
231.6
62.6
1,340.3

4,466.3
446.3
230.9
62.3
1,380.2

4,459.6
446.5
230.2
62.9
1,373.9

4,463.8
448.3
230.4
62.9
1,385.6

4.2
1.8
0.2
0.0
11.7

440.7
43.5
25.6
575.9
512.9
669.0

477.0
44.4
19.9
587.6
525.7
680.1

481.7
44.5
21.4
584.0
522.0
682.3

481.6
44.3
23.0
582.6
510.1
676.8

427.3
43.9
28.0
575.1
527.7
675.5

464.0
44.4
26.8
588.8
534.5
688.1

468.8
44.6
26.8
586.2
532.2
687.5

467.9
44.6
25.9
583.0
529.9
685.3

-0.9
0.0
-0.9
-3.2
-2.3
-2.2

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

552.7

553.4

554.0

554.1

553.4

555.9

555.3

555.1

-0.2

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . .
Motion picture and sound recording
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data processing, hosting and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,674
737.2

2,704
726.0

2,699
727.3

2,684
727.4

2,679
739.8

2,698
728.7

2,700
730.1

2,691
730.0

-9
-0.1

367.3
287.0
860.2

406.9
285.8
857.1

401.6
286.0
856.0

385.5
285.9
855.4

369.6
287.0
861.4

399.1
285.8
854.2

400.3
285.9
854.9

389.8
285.6
856.1

-10.5
-0.3
1.2

251.7
170.3

251.1
177.4

250.6
177.6

251.2
178.3

250.0
171.3

251.5
178.7

250.3
178.9

249.8
179.5

-0.5
0.6

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . .
Credit intermediation and related
activities1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Depository credit intermediation1 . . . . . . . . . .
Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Securities, commodity contracts,
investments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . .
Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles. . .
Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . .

7,740
5,807.1
17.0

7,808
5,873.6
16.5

7,821
5,875.0
16.5

7,840
5,877.0
16.5

7,768
5,820.1
17.0

7,853
5,879.7
16.7

7,858
5,880.3
16.7

7,867
5,890.2
16.6

9
9.9
-0.1

2,562.3
1,736.4
1,319.4

2,603.6
1,737.5
1,311.8

2,601.1
1,735.3
1,308.9

2,605.3
1,733.7
1,305.8

2,569.0
1,740.9
1,322.1

2,603.9
1,738.8
1,312.9

2,603.8
1,737.9
1,310.1

2,612.4
1,738.1
1,309.0

8.6
0.2
-1.1

809.4
2,331.6
86.8
1,932.5
1,406.8
501.5
24.2

824.1
2,343.6
85.8
1,934.5
1,409.2
502.0
23.3

826.0
2,345.1
86.3
1,945.9
1,416.5
506.0
23.4

827.5
2,341.2
86.5
1,963.2
1,426.8
513.7
22.7

812.3
2,334.7
87.1
1,947.9
1,414.0
509.6
24.3

825.0
2,347.7
86.4
1,973.7
1,432.6
517.7
23.4

826.7
2,346.5
86.6
1,978.1
1,436.5
518.1
23.5

829.8
2,344.6
86.8
1,976.5
1,432.4
521.2
22.9

3.1
-1.9
0.2
-1.6
-4.1
3.1
-0.6

17,805
7,910.6
1,116.0
1,006.9
1,311.4

18,021
8,104.7
1,117.7
1,058.1
1,320.9

18,169
8,126.7
1,122.9
1,054.3
1,325.9

18,409
8,155.7
1,126.6
1,043.3
1,335.2

17,841
7,842.7
1,120.7
905.7
1,322.5

18,291
8,030.4
1,125.1
922.5
1,340.2

18,355
8,061.4
1,128.6
935.4
1,343.2

18,428
8,084.2
1,130.7
939.1
1,345.9

73
22.8
2.1
3.7
2.7

1,598.3

1,669.7

1,667.2

1,674.8

1,601.5

1,671.4

1,675.0

1,678.3

3.3

1,103.5
1,992.3
7,901.8

1,150.7
2,018.2
7,898.1

1,159.9
2,024.6
8,017.3

1,170.3
2,030.7
8,222.8

1,109.1
2,001.7
7,996.5

1,161.2
2,030.9
8,230.0

1,169.3
2,032.7
8,261.0

1,175.0
2,039.9
8,304.3

5.7
7.2
43.3

Industry

Retail trade - Continued

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Professional and technical services1 . . . . . . . . . . .
Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . .
Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . .
Computer systems design and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management and technical consulting
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management of companies and enterprises. . . .
Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2012

Feb.
2013

Mar.
2013p

Apr.
2013p

Apr.
2012

Feb.
2013

Mar.
2013p

Apr.
2013p

Change
from:
Mar.2013 Apr.2013p

Administrative and support services1 . . . . . . . .

Employment services1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . .
Waste management and remediation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,533.5
3,041.8
2,414.4
815.5
1,839.4

7,529.3
3,123.4
2,478.8
839.8
1,698.6

7,647.4
3,186.2
2,539.2
834.5
1,744.6

7,850.5
3,258.6
2,598.6
833.9
1,862.7

7,624.5
3,122.3
2,480.4
821.3
1,837.1

7,853.1
3,267.5
2,608.3
836.1
1,859.0

7,883.5
3,291.4
2,633.8
835.4
1,862.9

7,928.0
3,326.0
2,664.6
839.0
1,863.0

44.5
34.6
30.8
3.6
0.1

368.3

368.8

369.9

372.3

372.0

376.9

377.5

376.3

-1.2

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ambulatory health care services1 . . . . . . . . .
Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nursing and residential care facilities1 . . . .
Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Social assistance1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20,414
3,510.4
16,903.3
14,221.3
6,269.4
2,370.7
643.8
1,185.2
4,768.8
3,183.1
1,662.1
2,682.0
877.0

20,660
3,482.3
17,177.6
14,454.9
6,438.8
2,416.8
676.6
1,249.8
4,821.5
3,194.6
1,656.1
2,722.7
874.1

20,746
3,516.0
17,229.6
14,487.3
6,453.9
2,417.3
679.6
1,256.4
4,831.2
3,202.2
1,659.9
2,742.3
879.4

20,785
3,522.5
17,262.9
14,507.3
6,472.6
2,418.6
680.4
1,266.8
4,826.0
3,208.7
1,661.2
2,755.6
882.1

20,243
3,343.7
16,899.5
14,241.5
6,276.6
2,378.9
642.9
1,184.4
4,778.5
3,186.4
1,664.9
2,658.0
854.2

20,542
3,337.7
17,204.4
14,491.5
6,455.1
2,423.0
675.9
1,252.3
4,827.2
3,209.2
1,664.8
2,712.9
859.1

20,588
3,356.6
17,230.9
14,510.2
6,466.3
2,421.9
678.9
1,258.4
4,833.5
3,210.4
1,664.0
2,720.7
859.6

20,616
3,359.3
17,257.0
14,529.2
6,479.9
2,427.3
679.8
1,264.5
4,836.2
3,213.1
1,664.3
2,727.8
859.3

28
2.7
26.1
19.0
13.6
5.4
0.9
6.1
2.7
2.7
0.3
7.1
-0.3

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . .
Museums, historical sites, and similar
institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . .
Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . .

13,620
1,915.7
412.4

13,403
1,788.6
388.3

13,670
1,868.3
410.3

13,993
1,961.6
444.2

13,698
1,964.1
405.3

13,995
1,997.8
422.6

14,033
2,008.8
430.0

14,076
2,006.9
433.1

43
-1.9
3.1

132.6
1,370.7
11,703.9
1,771.7
9,932.2

126.6
1,273.7
11,614.8
1,735.6
9,879.2

131.1
1,326.9
11,802.1
1,762.3
10,039.8

135.7
1,381.7
12,031.3
1,789.7
10,241.6

135.5
1,423.3
11,733.7
1,821.7
9,912.0

138.6
1,436.6
11,996.8
1,827.9
10,168.9

139.1
1,439.7
12,024.0
1,830.2
10,193.8

138.6
1,435.2
12,069.1
1,837.4
10,231.7

-0.5
-4.5
45.1
7.2
37.9

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Membership associations and organizations. . . .

5,413
1,188.4
1,308.5
2,915.7

5,424
1,190.3
1,313.3
2,920.5

5,442
1,193.3
1,321.5
2,927.2

5,464
1,199.1
1,332.7
2,932.3

5,418
1,184.7
1,305.3
2,927.9

5,475
1,200.0
1,329.3
2,945.4

5,467
1,195.9
1,328.3
2,943.0

5,471
1,196.4
1,329.9
2,944.4

4
0.5
1.6
1.4

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . .
Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . .

22,349
2,827.0
2,204.9
621.9
5,212.0
2,539.0
2,672.9
14,310.0
8,122.7
6,186.8

22,210
2,775.0
2,169.9
605.3
5,172.0
2,523.4
2,648.1
14,263.0
8,107.2
6,156.2

22,267
2,762.0
2,173.5
588.8
5,199.0
2,548.1
2,650.7
14,306.0
8,141.7
6,164.6

22,262
2,763.0
2,172.8
590.5
5,208.0
2,553.5
2,654.4
14,291.0
8,105.8
6,184.9

21,933
2,828.0
2,210.6
617.2
5,064.0
2,389.6
2,674.5
14,041.0
7,775.9
6,265.3

21,871
2,793.0
2,188.6
604.7
5,046.0
2,387.1
2,658.5
14,032.0
7,762.3
6,269.8

21,855
2,777.0
2,184.1
593.0
5,054.0
2,396.1
2,657.5
14,024.0
7,759.5
6,264.4

21,844
2,769.0
2,179.2
589.5
5,053.0
2,397.8
2,655.2
14,022.0
7,758.0
6,264.4

-11
-8.0
-4.9
-3.5
-1.0
1.7
-2.3
-2.0
-1.5
0.0

Industry

Administrative and waste services - Continued

1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
p Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Apr.
2012

Feb.
2013

Mar.
2013p

Apr.
2013p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................................. .
Nondurable goods.............................................................. .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade...................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities........................................................................... .
Information......................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services..................................................................... .

34.5
40.3
43.9
38.8
40.8
41.2
40.2
33.4
34.6
38.7
31.7
38.3
41.8
36.6
37.2
36.0
32.9
26.1
31.7

34.5
40.5
43.3
39.2
40.9
41.2
40.3
33.3
34.5
38.6
31.5
38.6
42.5
36.3
37.2
36.1
32.9
26.1
31.7

34.6
40.4
43.3
39.0
40.8
41.1
40.3
33.4
34.7
38.7
31.7
38.8
42.5
36.4
37.2
36.1
32.9
26.2
31.8

34.4
40.2
43.1
38.9
40.7
41.0
40.0
33.3
34.5
38.6
31.4
38.7
42.1
36.5
37.2
36.0
32.9
26.1
31.6

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods................................................................... .

3.3
3.3
3.3

3.3
3.3
3.4

3.4
3.3
3.5

3.3
3.3
3.4

Industry

p Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Apr.
2012

Feb.
2013

Mar.
2013p

Apr.
2013p

Total private................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade......................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................. .
Information............................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services........................................ .

$23.42
24.67
28.68
25.67
23.91
25.30
21.52
23.12
20.36
26.69
16.17
22.02
33.70
31.75
28.90
27.97
24.15
13.35
20.75

$23.82
24.94
28.83
26.03
24.14
25.52
21.77
23.55
20.77
27.32
16.54
22.02
35.02
32.44
29.97
28.35
24.58
13.39
21.23

$23.83
24.96
28.99
26.04
24.16
25.56
21.75
23.56
20.83
27.51
16.59
22.05
34.92
32.58
29.99
28.41
24.47
13.41
21.12

$23.87
24.97
28.99
26.07
24.15
25.56
21.72
23.61
20.89
27.57
16.62
22.15
34.70
32.80
30.07
28.39
24.52
13.42
21.18

p Preliminary

Apr.
2012

Feb.
2013

Mar.
2013p

Apr.
2013p

$ 807.99 $ 821.79 $ 824.52 $ 821.13

994.20 1,010.07 1,008.38 1,003.79
1,259.05 1,248.34 1,255.27 1,249.47
996.00 1,020.38 1,015.56 1,014.12
975.53
987.33
985.73
982.91
1,042.36 1,051.42 1,050.52 1,047.96
865.10
877.33
876.53
868.80
772.21
784.22
786.90
786.21
704.46
716.57
722.80
720.71
1,032.90 1,054.55 1,064.64 1,064.20
512.59
521.01
525.90
521.87
843.37
849.97
855.54
857.21
1,408.66 1,488.35 1,484.10 1,460.87
1,162.05 1,177.57 1,185.91 1,197.20
1,075.08 1,114.88 1,115.63 1,118.60
1,006.92 1,023.44 1,025.60 1,022.04
794.54
808.68
805.06
806.71
348.44
349.48
351.34
350.26
657.78
672.99
671.62
669.29

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Industry

Apr.
2012

Feb.
2013

Mar.
2013p

Apr.
2013p

Percent
change
from:
Mar.
2013 Apr.
2013p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction................................. .
Manufacturing............................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade.......................... .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services...... .
Education and health services. . . . ........ .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

96.3
84.5
117.5
75.4
87.5
86.5
89.5
99.8
95.6
95.5
95.5
95.8
100.1
89.5
94.6
101.0
108.4
102.0
95.2

97.9
86.0
118.0
78.1
88.2
87.1
90.0
101.2
96.8
96.6
96.3
98.7
102.2
89.4
95.7
103.9
110.0
104.2
96.2

98.3
85.9
118.0
77.9
88.0
87.0
89.9
101.6
97.4
96.9
96.9
99.0
102.1
89.8
95.7
104.2
110.3
104.9
96.3

97.9
85.4
117.0
77.6
87.8
86.8
89.2
101.5
96.9
96.7
96.2
98.9
101.1
89.7
95.8
104.3
110.4
104.8
95.8

-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-0.4
-0.2
-0.2
-0.8
-0.1
-0.5
-0.2
-0.7
-0.1
-1.0
-0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
-0.1
-0.5

Apr.
2012

Feb.
2013

Mar.
2013p

Apr.
2013p

Percent
change
from:
Mar.
2013 Apr.
2013p

107.6
94.2
135.3
84.1
97.3
97.2
97.7
111.7
104.8
106.3
102.1
107.1
111.4
101.2
106.7
114.5
122.7
109.9
112.1

111.2
96.9
136.5
88.4
99.0
98.7
99.5
115.4
108.3
110.1
105.3
110.3
118.3
103.3
111.8
119.3
126.7
112.6
115.9

111.7
96.9
137.3
88.2
98.9
98.8
99.3
116.0
109.2
111.2
106.3
110.8
117.8
104.1
112.0
120.0
126.4
113.5
115.5

111.5
96.4
136.2
87.9
98.6
98.5
98.4
116.1
109.0
111.2
105.7
111.1
115.9
104.8
112.4
120.0
126.8
113.5
115.1

-0.2
-0.5
-0.8
-0.3
-0.3
-0.3
-0.9
0.1
-0.2
0.0
-0.6
0.3
-1.6
0.7
0.4
0.0
0.3
0.0
-0.3

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current months estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual
average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current months estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding
2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly
hours, and employment.
p Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Women employees (in thousands)

Percent of all employees

Industry

Apr.
2012

Feb.
2013

Mar.
2013p

Apr.
2013p

Apr.
2012

Feb.
2013

Mar.
2013p

Apr.
2013p

Total nonfarm.............. . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... .

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing..................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing...................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality............................ .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65,832
53,320
4,090
112
720
3,258
1,732
1,526
49,230
10,220
1,701.6
7,362.9
1,018.0
137.6
1,082
4,511
7,890
15,523
7,158
2,846
12,512

66,680
54,204
4,107
116
734
3,257
1,734
1,523
50,097
10,430
1,705.0
7,548.4
1,038.0
138.5
1,073
4,541
8,109
15,772
7,293
2,879
12,476

66,729
54,259
4,101
117
736
3,248
1,732
1,516
50,158
10,448
1,700.9
7,567.5
1,042.7
136.9
1,071
4,538
8,126
15,801
7,300
2,874
12,470

66,846
54,376
4,101
118
737
3,246
1,734
1,512
50,275
10,484
1,702.3
7,600.0
1,044.6
137.1
1,065
4,544
8,161
15,826
7,323
2,872
12,470

49.4
47.8
22.2
13.1
12.8
27.3
23.2
34.2
52.9
40.2
30.1
49.7
23.3
24.9
40.4
58.1
44.2
76.7
52.3
52.5
57.0

49.3
47.8
22.0
13.4
12.7
27.2
23.1
34.0
52.9
40.4
29.7
50.1
23.2
24.9
39.8
57.8
44.3
76.8
52.1
52.6
57.0

49.3
47.8
22.0
13.5
12.7
27.1
23.0
33.9
52.9
40.5
29.6
50.3
23.4
24.7
39.7
57.8
44.3
76.7
52.0
52.6
57.1

49.3
47.9
22.0
13.7
12.7
27.1
23.1
33.8
52.9
40.6
29.7
50.4
23.4
24.7
39.6
57.8
44.3
76.8
52.0
52.5
57.1

p Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted1
[In thousands]
Industry

Apr.
2012

Feb.
2013

Mar.
2013p

Apr.
2013p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing........ . . . . . . . . . . ..................................................... .
Mining and logging.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction.......................................................................... .
Manufacturing........................................................................ .
Durable goods..................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. .
Wholesale trade................................................................... .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing................................................ .
Utilities.............................................................................. .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ .
Professional and business services............................................... .
Education and health services..................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

92,102
13,311
647
4,260
8,404
5,151
3,253
78,791
21,568
4,549.3
12,795.2
3,781.5
441.6
2,163
5,966
14,705
17,759
12,095
4,535

93,584
13,431
643
4,367
8,421
5,170
3,251
80,153
21,855
4,617.6
12,928.4
3,861.6
447.3
2,181
6,040
15,139
18,018
12,347
4,573

93,677
13,435
642
4,383
8,410
5,165
3,245
80,242
21,839
4,618.7
12,914.3
3,859.3
447.0
2,183
6,038
15,190
18,049
12,379
4,564

93,805
13,426
639
4,379
8,408
5,164
3,244
80,379
21,848
4,618.7
12,927.0
3,855.1
446.9
2,178
6,057
15,240
18,073
12,415
4,568

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees
in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
p Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Apr.
2012

Feb.
2013

Mar.
2013p

Apr.
2013p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................................. .
Nondurable goods.............................................................. .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade...................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities........................................................................... .
Information......................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services..................................................................... .

33.7
41.2
47.3
39.3
41.7
42.1
41.0
32.5
33.8
38.6
30.6
37.8
41.0
35.9
36.6
35.3
32.3
24.9
30.7

33.8
41.3
45.5
39.7
41.9
42.3
41.3
32.5
33.7
38.8
30.2
38.4
42.0
35.7
36.7
35.4
32.4
25.0
30.8

33.8
41.3
45.5
39.7
41.8
42.2
41.2
32.5
33.8
38.7
30.3
38.8
42.0
35.7
36.7
35.5
32.4
25.0
30.7

33.7
41.3
45.6
39.7
41.7
42.1
41.2
32.4
33.6
38.6
30.0
38.7
41.8
35.7
36.7
35.3
32.3
25.0
30.7

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods................................................................... .

4.2
4.4
3.9

4.3
4.3
4.3

4.4
4.4
4.3

4.3
4.3
4.3

Industry

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees
in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
p Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Apr.
2012

Feb.
2013

Mar.
2013p

Apr.
2013p

Total private................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade......................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................. .
Information............................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services........................................ .

$19.72
20.94
25.92
23.90
19.08
20.18
17.30
19.46
17.40
22.17
13.78
19.66
31.53
26.93
22.60
23.22
21.05
11.62
17.50

$20.03
21.16
26.30
24.22
19.23
20.24
17.59
19.79
17.58
22.39
13.92
19.56
32.09
27.78
23.55
23.57
21.34
11.71
17.87

$20.04
21.19
26.29
24.26
19.24
20.28
17.55
19.80
17.59
22.44
13.95
19.49
32.07
27.76
23.66
23.58
21.32
11.73
17.79

$20.06
21.21
26.43
24.30
19.24
20.31
17.51
19.82
17.62
22.50
13.93
19.56
32.14
27.90
23.72
23.56
21.34
11.74
17.86

Apr.
2012

Feb.
2013

Mar.
2013p

Apr.
2013p

$ 664.56 $ 677.01 $ 677.35 $ 676.02

862.73
873.91
875.15
875.97
1,226.02 1,196.65 1,196.20 1,205.21
939.27
961.53
963.12
964.71
795.64
805.74
804.23
802.31
849.58
856.15
855.82
855.05
709.30
726.47
723.06
721.41
632.45
643.18
643.50
642.17
588.12
592.45
594.54
592.03
855.76
868.73
868.43
868.50
421.67
420.38
422.69
417.90
743.15
751.10
756.21
756.97
1,292.73 1,347.78 1,346.94 1,343.45
966.79
991.75
991.03
996.03
827.16
864.29
868.32
870.52
819.67
834.38
837.09
831.67
679.92
691.42
690.77
689.28
289.34
292.75
293.25
293.50
537.25
550.40
546.15
548.30

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees
in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
p Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on
private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
[2002=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Industry

Apr.
2012

Feb.
2013

Mar.
2013p

Apr.
2013p

Percent
change
from:
Mar.
2013 Apr.
2013p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction................................. .
Manufacturing............................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade.......................... .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services...... .
Education and health services. . . . ........ .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

103.6
83.8
162.6
83.8
80.4
81.5
78.6
109.3
101.6
103.4
99.1
107.6
92.6
88.6
102.8
116.3
123.7
110.3
97.6

105.6
84.8
155.5
86.8
81.0
82.2
79.1
111.2
102.7
105.5
98.8
111.6
96.1
88.9
104.4
120.1
125.9
113.1
98.8

105.7
84.8
155.2
87.1
80.7
81.9
78.8
111.3
102.9
105.3
99.0
112.7
96.0
88.9
104.3
120.9
126.1
113.4
98.3

105.5
84.7
154.8
87.0
80.5
81.7
78.7
111.2
102.3
105.0
98.2
112.3
95.5
88.7
104.6
120.6
125.9
113.7
98.4

-0.2
-0.1
-0.3
-0.1
-0.2
-0.2
-0.1
-0.1
-0.6
-0.3
-0.8
-0.4
-0.5
-0.2
0.3
-0.2
-0.2
0.3
0.1

Apr.
2012

Feb.
2013

Mar.
2013p

Apr.
2013p

Percent
change
from:
Mar.
2013 Apr.
2013p

136.4
107.5
245.2
108.2
100.4
102.7
96.1
145.7
126.1
135.1
117.1
134.2
121.9
118.2
142.9
160.8
171.2
145.6
124.5

141.2
109.8
237.8
113.5
101.9
103.8
98.3
150.8
128.8
139.2
117.9
138.5
128.7
122.2
151.2
168.5
176.7
150.4
128.6

141.4
110.0
237.3
114.1
101.5
103.7
97.7
151.0
129.1
139.1
118.4
139.4
128.5
122.2
151.8
169.6
176.8
151.0
127.4

141.3
110.1
238.0
114.2
101.3
103.6
97.4
151.0
128.6
139.2
117.2
139.3
128.2
122.6
152.7
169.0
176.7
151.6
128.0

-0.1
0.1
0.3
0.1
-0.2
-0.1
-0.3
0.0
-0.4
0.1
-1.0
-0.1
-0.2
0.3
0.6
-0.4
-0.1
0.4
0.5

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees
in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current months estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual
average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current months estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding
2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly
hours, and employment.
p Preliminary