Symbols and Tables
q = Displacement : cm3 Motor:
n = Revolutions : min-1 q×n
p = Pressure : bar Oil consumption Q=
∆p = Pressure drop : bar [l/min] 1000 × ηv
Q = Oil capacity : l/min = dm3/min q × ∆p × ηm
v = Speed : m/s Output torque M = [Nm]
L = Length : m 62,8
D = Piston diameter : mm Q × ∆p × ηt
d = Piston rod diameter : mm Output power N = [kW]
D = Bore of pipe : mm 600
i
Dh = Hydraulic diameter : mm Q × ηv × 1000
A = Area : cm2 Speed n = [min-1]
a = Ring area : cm2 q
t = Time : s. Cylinder:
m = Volume : kg
F = Force : daN Compressive force F = p × A × ηm [daN]
M = Torque : Nm
P = Power : kW Tensile force F = p × a × ηm [daN]
As = Break load : daN
E = Elasticity module : kp/cm2 Q × ηv
I = Free column length : m Speed out v = [m/s]
S = Safety factor 6×A
v = Kinematic viscosity : mm2/s
ηv = Volumetric efficiency Q × ηv
ηm = Mechanical efficiency Speed in v = [kW]
ηt = Total efficiency 6×a
λ = Resistance figure A×v×6
Vac = Accumulator size Oil consumption out Q = [l/min]
2v
Vx = Required oil capacity available in accumulator a×v×6
P1 = Lowest oil pressure Oil consumption in Q = [l/min]
2v
P2 = Highest oil pressure
P0 = Pre-charge Compressive force
with differential F = P × (A- a) × ηm [daN]
cut-in
Ratio factors:
Power 1 kw = 1,36Hp Tube:
1Hp = 75 kpm/s Q × 100
= 0,736 kw Flow speed v = [m/s]
Torque 1 kpm = 9,81 Nm 6 × D2 × 0,785
= 7,233 lbf ft
1 Nm = 0,102 kpm Pressure loads in λ × L × 0,89 × v2 × 5
Pressure 1 kp/cm2 = 98.000 Pa straight pipe leads ∆p = [bar]
= 0,981 bar Di
= 9,81 N/cm2
= 14,22 psi 64 0,316
1 psi = 0,06895 bar Resistance number: λ = λ turb. =
= 0,0703 kp/cm2 Re 4√ Re
1 bar = 1,0194 kp/cm2
Volume 1 US, gallon = 3,785 liter v × Dh × 1000
1 Eng. gallon = 4,546 liter Reynolds number Re =
1 in3 = 16,38 cm3 v
1 liter = 1,0 dm3 Accumulator size:
Area 1 in2 = 645,2 mm2
1 foot2 = 92900 mm2 P1
Vx ×
Speed 1 km/h = 0,2778 m/s P0
1 foot/s = 0,3048 m/s With slow charging and slow discharging Vac =
1 mile/h = 0,447 m/s P1
1-
Acceleration 1 foot/s2 = 0,3048 m/s2 P2
Length 1 in = 25,4 mm
1 foot = 0,3048 m
1 yd = 0,9144 m P1
Pump: Vx ×
P0
Q×p With quick charging and quick discharging Vac =
Power consumption Nan = [kW] 1
600 × ηt P1 1,5
1-
P2
q × n × ηv
Supplied oil capacity Q = [l/min]
1000
P2
Vx ×
With slow charging and quick discharging Vac = P0
q×p 1
Input torque M = [Nm]
62,8 × ηm P2 1,5
P1 -1
HZ.00.A2.02 35
ISO/CETOP Symbols
Work line Reservoir, open
Pilot line
Reservoir, pressurized
Drain line
Electric line
Enclosure for several
components in one unit
Flexible line
Line connections
Manometer, Thermometer
Corssing lines
Flow meter
Venting
Pressure source
Pressure connection
w. plug Electromotor
With line connection Combustion engine
Coupling
Quick koupling
w. check valve
1 Flow direction
Constant Variable
Accumulator
2 Flow directions
Displacement pump
Filter
1 Flow direction
Cooler Constant Variable
2 Flow directions
Heater
Displacement motor
36 HZ.00.A2.02
ISO/CETOP Symbols
Constant Variable
Differential cylinder
Cylinder with cushion
Combined pump-motors
Check valve, not spring loaded
Spring loaded
Pilot controlled check valve
Hydrostatic transmission
Pilot controlled opening
Pilot controlled closing
Shaft, lever, rod, piston
Spring
Example
Throttling, depending on viscosity
Restriction, not viscosity influenced
Simplified
Flow direction
Restrictor, fixed
Direction of rotation
Restrictor, variable
Variable setting
Cylinders Restrictor, not viscosity influenced
Single acting Throttle-check valve
3-way by-pass flow regulator
Double acting
Flow divider
HZ.00.A2.02 37
ISO/CETOP Symbols
Directional valves
with transient intermittend pos.
Basic symbol:
Two - way
mechanical feed back
Three - way
Two - way Hand operated
Without fixed position Lever
2 - extreme position
2 - extreme position Roller
and between (OSP)
2/2 - valve Hydraulic operated
3/2 - valve Pneumatic operated
4/3 - valve
Direkt pressure
Examples Solenoid
Motor operated
Solenoid, hydraulik-operated
PVEO
PVEM
PVEH
Solenoid
Pneumatic,
Mechanical hydraulic-operated
Roller
Mekanical lock
Direct
pressure
Spring return
Pressure
rise
38 HZ.00.A2.02
ISO/CETOP Symbols
A.B. Work lines
Normally closed
P. Pump connection (pressure)
Normally open R.S.T. Return /Tank
X.Y .Z. Pilot line
Pressure limiting valve, fixed setting L, Drain line
Pressure limiting valve, variable
Pilot operated, external drain line
Internal drain
Pressure reduction line
Pilot controlled opening valve
Pilot controlled closing valve
Pressure switch
HZ.00.A2.02 39
