TIEMPO PRESENTE SIMPLE TRABAJO

EXPRESIONES

PRESENTE CONTINUO YO ESTOY TRABANDO

How often do you eat in a restaurant? Always Usually Often I Sometimos eat in a restaurant Hardly ever Never Seldom(rara vez) I eat in a restaurant every : day, weekend, Sunday I eat in a restaurant once a day, twice a day, three a time a day, four time a day... [Link] o alrededor de ahora: now, right now, at the moment, currently(actualemnte), nowdays(hoy en da),these days, this : week, month 2. Futuro: tomorrow, tomorrow morning, the day after(pasado maana), next.. 1. Yesterday, yesterday morning, the befote yesterday, fechas pasadas(in 1990), last: week, month 2. Ago(hace): five minutes ago

USOS [Link] [Link] permanentes [Link] universales [Link] verbs: believe, hate, know, love, agree, be, belong(pertenecer), depend, forget,hear,like, matter(importante),mean, need, prefer, realize, recognize, seem, suppose * estos verbos no se utilizan en presente continuo.

FORMA Infinitivo She/he/it + s Verbos acabados en: s-kiss sh-finish z-buzz + ES ch-catch x- mix o-go stay stays(excepcin) study-studies

AFIRMATIVA I work He works

NEGATIVA I dont work He doesnt work

INTERROGATIVA 1. Do you work? Yes, I do No, I dont 2. Does he work? Yes, he does No, he doesnt

1. Planes de futuro inmediato 2. Ahora o alrededor de ahora 3. Acciones que ocurren en el momento de hablar

TO BE( am, are, is)+ infinitive+ ING

I am working He is working

You arent working He isnt working

PASADO SIMPLE YO TRABAJ

1. Empez y acab en el pasado

Regular: Infinitivo + ED Irregular: Past simple de la lista de verbos irregulares

I worked He spoke

I didnt work He didnt speak

1. Is he working? Yes, he is No, he isnt 2. Are you working? Yes, I am No, I am not [Link] you work? Yes, I did No, I didnt [Link] he speak? Yes, he did No, he didnt Was he working? Yes , he was No, he wasnt

PASADO CONTINUO YO ESTABA TRABAJANDO

1. Mismas expresiones del pasado simple excepto AGO

1. Accin que estaba en proceso en un momento concreto del pasado. 2. Dos o mas acciones de pasado que estaban en proceso [Link], while I was studying, my sister was cooking, my father was watching TV and my mother was reading a book

WAS/WERE+ infinitivo+ ING

I was working You were working He was working

I wasnt working You werent working

Diferencias entre Pasado Simple y Pasado Continuo Dos acciones de pasado, una mas larga (pasado continuo) que es interrumpida por una mas corta (pasado simple). Las dos oraciones se mezclan con conectores: When (Cuando)-Ejs: o When + [Link]+[Link]. When the phone rang, I was studying. o [Link]+When+[Link]. I was studying when the phone rang. As/While(Mientras)-Ejs: o While/As+[Link]+[Link]. While/As I was studying, the phone rang. o [Link]+While/As+[Link]. The phone rang While/As I was studiyng.

TIEMPO PRESENTE PERFECTO SIMPLE YO HE TRABAJADO

FORMA Have /Has + Participio de pasado.(3 columna)

AFIRMATIVA I have worked. I`ve He has spoken. He`s

NEGATIVA I have not worked. I Havent... He has not spoken. He Hasnt...

INTERROGATIVA Have you worked?-- Yes, I have./ No, I havent. Has he spoken?-- Yes, he has./ No.,he hasnt

USOS 1) Experiencias de pasado: Ever (Alguna vez). Se utiliza en interrogativa delante del participio de pasado. EJ: Have you ever been to China? Never(Nunca). Se utiliza en afirmativa delante de [Link]: I have never been to China. 2) Algo que empez en el pasado y sigue ocurriendo, la traduccin aqu es distinta, llevar + gerundio. How long (Cuanto tiempo). EJ: How long have you studied English?. For (Desde hace, for + periodo concreto de tiempo) EJ: I have studied English for 15 years. Since (Desde, since + inicio del periodo).EJ: I have studied English since 1997. 3) Ha ocurrido recientemente y tiene relevancia ahora: Just (Acabar de). Delante del participio de [Link]: I have just had breakfast Yet (Todava/aun). Se usa en interrogativa y negativa y se pone al final de la [Link]: Have you had breakfast yet?/ I havent had breakfast yet. Already(Ya). Delante del participio y se utiliza solo en afirmativa. EJ: I have already had breakfast. 4) Algunas expresiones de tiempo que iran en presente perfecto simple y pueden ir al principio o al final de la oracin: Lately (Ultimamente). Recently(Recientemente) So far (Hasta ahora)

Diferencias entre Pasado Simple y Presente Perfecto Simple Pasado simple: cuando [Link].I went to China last month. Presente perfecto simple: Cuando no [Link].I have been to China.
TIEMPO PRESENTE PERFECTO CONTINUO YO HE ESTADO TRABAJANDO FORMA Sujeto+Have /Has + Been +verboING. AFIRMATIVA I have been working all morning. He has been working all morning. NEGATIVA I havent been working all morning. He hasnt been working all morning. INTERROGATIVA Have you been working all morning?-- Yes, I have./ No, I havent. Has he been studying all morning?-- Yes, he has./ No.,he hasnt

USOS
1) Algo que empez en el pasado y sigue ocurriendo, la traduccin aqu es distinta, llevar + gerundio. Se utilizan las expresiones de tiempo: How long (Cuanto tiempo). EJ: How long have you been studying? For (Desde hace, for + periodo concreto de tiempo) EJ: I have been studying 3 hours. Since (Desde, since + inicio del periodo).EJ: I have been studying since 8 oclock. 2) Accin que ha ocurrido recientemente y tiene relevancia ahora.

Diferencia entre Presente perfecto simple y Presente perfecto continuo El presente perfecto continuo no lleva las partculas: just, yet y already, pero si lleva all (algunas veces, no siempre)EJ I have been sitting here all afternoon). Cuando una frase expresa accin se utiliza presente perfecto continuo. EJ. I have been painting the room. (Yo estoy pintando la habitacin).

Cuando una accin expresa resultado se utiliza, presente perfecto simple. EJ. I have painted the room. (Yo he pintado la habitacin).

TIEMPO

FORMA

AFIRMATIVA

NEGATIVA

INTERROGATIVA

Had you gone to New York? PASADO PERFECTO Yes, I hadNo, I hadnt SIMPLE Sujeto+Had+ verbo Had he gone to New York? He had gone to New York TIEMPO FORMA AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA participio He hadnt gone to New Yes, he hadNo, he hadnt I had been working. I hadnt been Had you been working? YO HABIA pasado(3columna). York PASADO PERFECTO Sujeto+Had+ working. Yes, I hadNo, I hadnt TRABAJADO CONTINUO Been+verbo -ING Had he been working? USOS He had been working Yes, he hadNo, he hadnt 1) Accin que ocurre con anterioridad a otra accin de pasado. EJ: When you arrived, I had already left. He hadnt been YO HABIA ESTADO working TRABAJANDO 2) Se utilizan las partculas Never y Already. USOS 1) Accin que haba ocurriendo antes del pasado simple. EJ: I had been painting the room when you arrived-(Habia estado pintando la habitacion cuando tu llegaste)

I had gone to New York

I hadnt gone to New York

PRESENTE CONTINUO Afirmativa: Im playing tennis tomorrow. Negativa: You arent playing tennis tomorrow. Interrogativa: Is he playing tennis tomorrow? Yes, he is/ No, he isnt. USOS: Planes de futuro cercanos (agenda). Expresiones de tiempo (tomorrow, tomorow morning, fechas de futuro, in the future, next)

THE FUTURE BE GOING TO Afirmativa: Sujeto+Be+Going to+Verbo INF. Im going to play tennis tomorrow. Negativa: Sujeto+Be+Not+Going to+Verbo INF. You arent going to play tennis tomorrow. Interrogativa: Be+ Sujeto+ Going to+ Verbo INF. Interrogativa: Is he goingt to play tennis tomorrow? Yes, he is. / No, he isnt USOS: Planes de futuro ms generales. Predicciones con mucha certeza.

WILL Afirmativa: Sujeto+ Will + [Link]. It will rain at the weekend. Negativa: Sujeto + Will not(wont)+ V. Base. It wont rain at the weekend. Interrogativa: Will+Sujeto+[Link].? Will it rain at the weekend? Yes, it will/ No, it wont. USOS: Decisiones espontaneas. Predicciones con poca certeza. Amenazas. Promesas. Informacion sobre futuro. Temporales, condicionales. SHALL Solo se utiliza con: I (ofrecimiento). Ej: Shall I open the window?. We(sugerencias). Ej: Shall we eat in this restaurant?

FUTURO PERFECTO(HABRE HECHO)

Afirmativa: Sujeto+ Will Have + Verb. [Link](3colum) I will have finished the work by Monday. Negativa: Sujeto+ Will not+ have+ Verb [Link]. I wont have finished the work by Monday. Interrogativa: Will+Sujeto+Have+Verb Past Participio.? Will you have finished the work by Monday.? Yes, I will/ No, I wont USO: Accin terminada en un momento del futuro.

FUTURO CONTINUO(ESTARE HACIENDO)

Afirmativa: Suj+ will be + verbo ING I will be working on Monday morning Negativa: Suj+ will+ not+ be+ verbo ING I wont be working on Monday morming Interrogativa: Will + Suj+ Be+ verbo ING? Will you be working on Monday morning? Yes, I will/No, I wont USO: Accin en proceso en el futuro

MODALES SIMPLES Van seguidos de un verbo base Se refieren a presente y futuro 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. will, shall, Would: auxiliares can, could(se refiere a pasado), be able to(se refiere a pasado): habilidad may, might: posibilidad should, ought to: consejo must, mustn`t, neednt(se refiere a pasado), have to: obligacin, falta de obligacin y prohibicin 6. can( mas informal), could, may(mas formal): pedir permiso, peticiones 7. must, could , cant: probabilidad may might
Be able to: habilidad en todos los tiempos verbales( poder, ser capaz de..). Presente: Yo se, puedo, soy capaz Afirmativa: I am able to drive a car Negativa: You arent able to drive a car Interrogativa: Is he able to drive a car? Pasado: Yo supe, fui capaz de, pude, saba, podra, era Afirmativa: I was able to drive a car last year Negativa: You werent able to drive a car last year Interrogativa.: Was he able to drive a car last year? Yes, he was/ No, he wasnt Futuro: podr, sabr, ser capaz de... Afirmativa: I will be able to drive a car next month Negativa: I wont be able to drive a car next month Interrogativa.: Will you be able to drive a car next month? Yes, I will/ No, I wont May/Might: es posible que, es probable que, a lo mejor, quiz, puede que. Afirmativa: I may/might go to the cinema tomorrow Negativa: I may/might not go to the cinema tomorrow No tiene interrogativa Should/Ought to: consejo Afirmativa: You should/ought to study English Neg.: You should not(shouldnt)/ ought not to(oughtnt to) smoke Inter.: Should I buy this book? Yes, you should/ No, you shouldnt

Can: habilidad con Presente (yo se, puedo). Afirmativa: I can swim Negativa: I cannot( cant) swim Interrogativa: Can yoy swim? Yes I can/No, I cant Could: : habilidad en Pasado( Yo saba, supe, podra, pude) Afirmativa: I could swim last year Negativa: I couldnt( could not) swim last year Interrogativa: Could you swim last year? Yes, I could/No, I couldn t

Must: obligacin: debo Afirmativa: I must go to the cinema Negativa: MUSTNT: PROHIBICIN: NO DEBO (ESTA PROHIBIDO)Ej:You mustnt smoke here. NEEDNT: FALTA DE OBLIGACIN: NO TENGO QUE. Ej: I neednt go to the doctor Have to: obligacin o falta de obligacin (todos los tiempos), tener que. Presente: tengo que Afirmativa: I have to study/ He has to study Negativa: I dont have to study/ he doesnt have to study Interrog.: Do you have to study?Yes, I do/No, I dont- Does he have to study?Yes he does/No he doesnt Pasado: tuve que Afirmativa: I had to study Negativa: I didnt have to study Interrogativa: Did you have to study? Yes, I did/ No, I didnt Futuro: tendr que Afirmativa: I will have to study Negativa: I will not ( wont) have to study Interrogativa: Will you have to study?Yes, I will/No, I wont Must(que si) could, may, might(puede que si, puede que no), cant( seguro que no): probabilidad. Ej: Pepe must be at home Pepe could/may/ might be at home Pepe cant be at home

MODALES PERFECTOS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Van seguidos del Participio de pasado Se refieren a pasado Would have + Participo de pasado: haba venido Could have+ Participio de pasado: podra haber Couldnt have+ Participio de pasado: no podra haber May/ Might+ Participio de pasado: puede que haya Should/ Ought to+ Participio de pasado: debera haber Shouldnt have + Participio de pasado: no debera haber Must have + Participio de pasado: debe haber Neednt have+ Participio de pasado: no tena que haber