Knowledge of dia e!es "elli!us a"ongs! nursing s!uden!s #ffec! of an in!er$en!

ion
%u&h'al Kaur, (ndar)i! *alia + s!rac!Nurses , are !he &ey 'ro$iders of dia e!es care. -owe$er !he infor"a!ion 'ro$ided y !he" will de'end u'on !heir &nowledge regarding !he su )ec!. .ec!on /ic&inson (ndia 0ri$a!e 1i"i!ed in colla ora!ion wi!h s!uden! council organi2ed !hree days wor&sho' for ..%c. Nursing in!erns on 3.e!!er /ia e!es 4are3 in !he "on!h of January 2005 a! Na!ional (ns!i!u!e of Nursing #duca!ion, 0os! 6radua!e (ns!i!u!e of Medical #duca!ion and Research, 4handigarh. + !o!al of 78 in!erns a!!ended !he wor&sho'. 9sing a "ul!i'le-choice :ues!ionnaire !heir &nowledge was assessed !hree !i"es i.e. efore s!ar!ing !he wor&sho', a! !he end of !he wor&sho' ;'os! !es! (<, and af!er !hree "on!hs of !he wor&sho' ;'os! !es! ((<. =here was a s!a!is!ically significan! difference in !he "ean &nowledge score e!ween !he 're !es! and 'os! !es! (, e!ween 're !es! and 'os! !es! (( and also e!ween 'os! !es! ( and 'os! !es! (( ;!> 2?.07, '@0.001, !>1?.A7, '@0.001, !>10.30, '@0.001< res'ec!i$ely. More !han ?0B scored e!ween A1 B-1 00B "ar&s in 'os! !es! (. + ou! one !hird scored e!ween 81 B-A0B in 'os! !es! ((. (! was concluded !ha! !o 'ro$ide :uali!y dia e!es care and educa!ion !o !he 'a!ien!s, !he nursing s!aff should recei$e con!inuing educa!ion.

Key words ,

(n!roduc!ion

/ia e!es "elli!us is a chronic disorder Knowledge, dia e!es "elli!us, nursing charac!eri2ed y a nor"ali!ies in !he s!uden!s. "e!a olis" of car ohydra!e, 'ro!ein and fa!. (n !he las! !wo decades !here has een a "ar&ed increase in !he 're$alence of dia e!es a"ong ur an (ndians. +ccording !o a recen! *-C re'or!, (ndia !oday leads !he world wi!h 4orres'ondence a! , o$er 32 "illion dia e!ic 'a!ien!s and !his nu" er is 'ro)ec!ed !o e 7A.7 "illion y !he %u&h'al Kaur 1 year ,2030. /ia e!ic 'a!ien!s are 2? !i"es 1ec!urer, Na!ional (ns!i!u!e of Nursing #duca!ion
06(M#R, 4handigarh. Nursing and Midwifery Research Journal, Vol-3, No. 1, January 2007 30

"ore li&ely !o de$elo' lindness, 17!eaching !i"es e!c. Nurses ha$e een "a)or "ore li&ely !o de$elo' &idney diseases, con!ri u!or !o !he i"'ro$e"en! in !he :uali!y 0-70 !i"es "ore li&ely !o undergo "a)or of care 'ro$ided !o !he 'eo'le wi!h dia e!es. a"'u!a!ion and !wice "ore li&ely !o=he de$elo' role of nurse in dia e!es is !o facili!a!e coronary ar!ery diseases and suffer 'a!ien! fro" e"'ower"en! and self care in !he 2 s!ro&e !han !he indi$iduals wi!hou! dia "anage"en! e!es of !heir disease !hrough .eing a chronic illness effec!i$e self educa!ion and su''or!. -owe$er !he nurses "anage"en! is crucial !o !he success need of !o e &nowledgea le enough, "us! !rea!"en!. Mos! dia e!es care is ac!ually 'ossess self- asic co""unica!ion s&ills !o e care !ha! re:uires 'a!ien!s !o ac!i$ely co"for!a le and !o e effec!i$e in !heir 'ar!ici'a!e in decision "a&ing, goal !eachings. se!!ing and New findings rela!ed !o dia e!es !he 'rocess of daily "anage"en!. Mul!i'le are cons!an!ly e"erging and !he nurses need 5 eha$ioral changes are of!en re:uired !o for e aware and &ee' !he"sel$es u' !o da!e. 'a!ien!s !o "anage dia e!es effec!i$ely #D'erience and and &nowledge in dia e!es and i!s !o achie$e !heir desired le$el of glyce"ic "anage"en! are crucial for !eaching 'a!ien!s con!rol. Ma&ing and sus!aining !he wi!h eha$ioral dia e!es effec!i$ely. =he es! educa!or is changes 3needed 3for 3dia e!es 3self so"eone who has !eaching s&ills and can "anage"en! re:uires colla ora!ion assis! e!ween and su''or! !he 'a!ien!s wi!h ini!ia!ing !he 'a!ien! and !he care 'ro$iders !o and de$elo' "ain!aining eha$ior associa!ed wi!h a rele$an! and useful 'lan. +s has een o'!i"al dia e!es con!rol. %!udies indica!e !ha! "en!ioned in li!era!ure !ha! a "ul!idisci'linary ins!ruc!ors wi!hou! s'eciali2ed !raining in !ea" consis!ing of a nurse, die!i!ian, dia e!es, eha$ioral in!er$en!ions, !eaching, 'har"acis!, 'hysician, and eha$ioris! learning is and counseling s&ills "ay no! focus re:uired for effec!i$e dia e!es "anage"en!. on 'a!ien!3s eha$ior change and !herefore 7, 8 =he Na!ional %!andards for /ia e!esclinical %elf ou!co"es "ay no! i"'ro$e.3 =hus 7 Manage"en! #duca!ion es! 'rac!ice !o 'ro$ide :uali!y dia e!es care and educa!ion s!andards sugges! !ha! !he !ea" should 'rofessional s!aff should ha$e an con!inuing consis!s of a! leas! a regis!ered nurse educa!ion and a in dia e!es educa!ional s!ra!egies die!i!ian who co""unica!e wi!h o!her and eha$ioral in!er$en!ion eyond !heir asic A disci'lines as needed. -owe$er nurses, 're'ara!ion. in !he role of case "anagers for 'a!ien!s wi!h .ec!on /ic&inson (ndia 0ri$a!e 1i"i!ed !y'e- 2dia e!es ha$e de"ons!ra!ed in 'osi!i$e colla ora!ion wi!h s!uden! council resul!s and generally are in$ol$ed inorgani2ed !he for"al a !hree days wor&sho' on .e!!er ? dia e!es educa!ion 'rogra""es.3=he /ia e!es 4are in !he "on!h of January 2005 "anage"en! of dia e!es de"ands a road a! Na!ional (ns!i!u!e of Nursing #duca!ion, range of 'rofessional s&ills which includes 06(M#R 4handigarh. co""unica!ion, counseling, leadershi' and
Nursing and Midwifery Research Journal, Vol-3, No. 1, January 2007 31

Na!ional (ns!i!u!e of Nursing #duca!ion diagnosis of dia e!es, "anage"en! which is one of !he 're"ier ins!i!u!es offering included !hree de!ailed infor"a!ion regarding die!, 'rogra""es - ..%c. Nursing ;7 years<, drugs, ..%c. eDercise, "oni!oring and educa!ion Nursing ;0os! .asic< and M.%c. Nursing. and =he in !he end co"'lica!ions and !heir wor&sho' was organi2ed for ..%c. Nursing "anage"en!. =he 'ar!ici'an!s were also gi$en in!erns who are 'os!ed in $arious uni!s de"ons!ra!ion of on su cu!aneous insulin hos'i!al round !he cloc& and are eD'ec!ed in)ec!ion. !o 'ro$ide !o!al 'a!ien! care. =he !as& of Resul!s organi2ing !he wor&sho' was under!a&en y =he "ean age of !he 'ar!ici'an!s was .ec!on /ic&inson (ndia 0ri$a!e 1i"i!ed wi!h 0.A2 wi!h !he range of 20-27 21.7 an o )ec!i$e !o u'da!e !he &nowledge of years years. nursing in!erns regarding dia e!es so !ha! +ll were fe"ale wi!h !he asic :ualifica!ion of 10E2 ;wi!h "edical su )ec!s<. !hey can "a&e use of !ha! while wor&ing wi!h !he dia e!ic 'a!ien!s in clinical se!!ings. ean &nowledge score of !he 'ar!ici'an!s a!erials and Me!hods =he "ean &nowledge score of !he 'ar!ici'an!s efore s!ar!ing !he wor&sho' was =o!al 78 ..%c. Nursing in!erns a!!ended 21.A .37 wi!h !he range e!ween 17-31 and !he wor&sho'. + de!ailed "ul!i'le-choice .78 wi!h !he range of i! i"'ro$ed !o 3?.? :ues!ionnaire of 70 "ar&s was ad"inis!ered 21-70 "ar&s a! !he end of !he wor&sho'. +f!er !o assess !heir &nowledge regarding !he !hree "on!hs i.e. in 'os! !es! ((, !he "ean disease dia e!es. #ach correc! answer was &nowledge score was 31.2 .77 wi!h !he graded as 1 and incorrec! answer as o. =he range e!ween 18-37. =here was a s!a!is!ically !es! was ad"inis!ered !hree !i"es i.e. efore significan! difference e!ween !he 're !es! and s!ar!ing !he wor&sho', a! !he end of !he 'os! !es! (, e!ween 're and 'os! !es! (( and wor&sho', and af!er !hree "on!hs of !he also e!ween 'os! !es! ( and 'os! !es! ((. wor&sho'. =he $arious !o'ics discussed during !he wor&sho' were-his!ory of;!> 2?.07, '@0.001, !>1?.A7, '@0.001, !>10.30, dia e!es, unders!anding, classifica!ion and '@0.001 res'ec!i$ely<. ;=a le 1< =a le 1. Mean &nowledge score of !he 'ar!ici'an!s 3!3 $al$e ean %./ 0re !es! 21.AF3.37 Range 0re !es! Vs 0re !es! Vs 'os! !es! ( 'os! !es! (( 17-31 21-70 18-37 2?.07, '@0.001 1?.A7, '@0.001 10.30 0@0.001
32

MaDi"u" %core > 70 0os! !es! ( Vs 'os! !es! ((

0os! !es! ( ?.?F3.78 0os! !es! (( 1.2F3.77

Nursing and Midwifery Research Journal, Vol-3, No. 1, January 2007

0ercen!age "ar&s during 're !es! and -owe$er 'os! af!er a!!ending !he wor&sho' "ore !es!s !han ?0B of !he 'ar!ici'an!s scored e!ween A1-100B + ou! one !hird of !he 'ar!ici'an!s had in 'os! !es! (. (n 'os! !es! ((, 7?.8B 'ar!ici'an!s could score e!ween 71-80B. !heir score less !han ?0B and a''roDi"a!ely ;=a le 2< half scored e!ween ?1-70B and )us! 7.2B could score e!ween 71-80B in !he 're !es!. =a le 2. 0ercen!age "ar&s during 're !es! and 'os! !es!s Mar&s ;B< @?0 ?1-50 51-70 71-80 81-A0 A1-100 /iscussion 0re !es! n ;B< 18 ;37.?< 1A ;3A.5< 0A;18.7< 02 ;7.2< 00 00 0os! !es! ( n ;B< 00 01 ;2.1< 01 ;2.1 < 08 ;15.7< 13 ;27.1< 2? ;?2.0< 0re !es! (( n ;B< 00 03 ;5.3< 07;8. < 22 ;7?.8< 18 ;37.?< 01 ;2.1 <

=herefore nurses need !o iden!ify !he needs of !he dia e!ics, as heal!h educa!ion is an /ia e!es "elli!us is a disease which can in!egral 'ar! of nursing care. =he $alue of e $ery well con!rolled u! a! !i"es can e life dia e!es !hrea!ening if i! is no! 'ro'erly !a&en care of. educa!ion is e$iden! fro" a s!udy where i! is re'or!ed !ha! !he 'a!ien!s who +l!hough !here is no cure of !his disease, u! ne$er recei$ed dia e!es educa!ion showed a grea! 'rogress has een "ade in con!rolling four 3fold 3increased 3ris& 3for 3"a)or and "anaging dia e!es. =he nurse encoun!ers 10 co"'lica!ions. 'a!ien!s of all ages wi!h dia e!es in all clinical se!!ings including !he ou!'a!ien! and ho"e (n !he curren! s!udy i! was o ser$ed se!!ings. =hus she is eD'ec!ed !o 'lan, organi2e !ha! !he "ean &nowledge score of !he and coordina!e care a"ong !he $arious heal!h 'ar!ici'an!s efore s!ar!ing !he wor&sho' care 'ro$iders and also is eD'ec!ed !o 'ro$ide was 21.A, and a ou! one !hird of !he care and educa!ion and !hus !o 'ro"o!e !he 'ar!ici'an!s scored e$en less !han ?0B which heal!h and well eing of all !he dia e!ic is :ui!e less !o "anage 'a!ien! inde'enden!ly. 'a!ien!s. #duca!ion is no! only a 'ar! ofhas een re'or!ed in a s!udy in which a +s !rea!"en! u! i! is !he !rea!"en! in dia e!es. le$el of 80B in die! nu!ri!ion was considered
Nursing and Midwifery Research Journal, Vol-3, No. 1, January 2007 33

necessary for 'ro'er "anage"en! of 'os! die! ((. for =hese resul!s show !he i"'or!ance dia e!ic 'a!ien!s and !his le$el was reached of con!inuing educa!ion. +s has een 11 17 y only 25B of nursing 'ersonnel. +no!her e"'hasi2ed y /unn 3!ha! !o 'ro$ide :uali!y s!udy indica!ed defici! in senior nursing dia e!es care and educa!ion !he nurses should s!uden!s &nowledge a ou! dia e!es o "elli!us !ain con!inuing 'rofessional educa!ion. (n 1? in which !hey considered a s!uden! !o oneeof !he s!udies 3 an educa!ion 'rogra" eligi le !o !each dia e!ic 'a!ien!s if she on dia could e!es was i"'le"en!ed for !he nurses answer all !he :ues!ions correc!ly and and !here !he resul!s indica!ed !ha! !he nurses were was no one who could answer all !he "ore confiden! in 'ro$iding heal!h educa!ion 12 :ues!ions correc!ly.3 (n ano!her cross!o !he dia e!ic 'a!ien!s af!er a!!ending !he 1 15 sec!ional s!udy 3 !he a!!i!ude of firs!, 'rogra". second (n ano!her s!udy3 i! is re'or!ed !ha! and !hird year undergradua!e nursing con!inuing s!uden!s educa!ion and years of eD'erience regarding care of dia e!ic 'a!ien!s was had 'osi!i$e i"'ac! on eDercise !eaching s!udied. =hey found !ha! !he a!!i!ude 'rogra" of and "e!hods used. %i"ilar findings A gradua!ing s!uden!s !o !he care for 'eo'le ha$e also een re$ealed y +nderson in which wi!h dia e!es was significan!ly "ore!here was increase in &nowledge and s&ill a''ro'ria!e !han !hose of eginninga"ongs! s!uden!s nurses who a!!ended sy"'osiu" as !he senior s!uden!s had eD'erience on !o dia e!es and also considered i! !he dia e!es rela!ed educa!ion. %ince nurses 'referred 'lay "e!hod for o !aining con!inuing 17 a significan! role in e"'owering !he educa!ion. 'a!ien!s +nderson3 in ano!her s!udy has !o unders!and !heir disease, !here isalso need re'or!ed !o !ha! !he 'ar!ici'an!s who sensi!i2e and !rain !he" !o 'ro$ide :uali!y underwen! care. 3 days dia e!es care regi"en =he "ean &nowledge score of all !he followed y a 3-day in!ensi$e s&ills ased 'ar!ici'an!s i"'ro$ed significan!ly af!er wor&sho' showed significan! gains in !heir a!!ending !he wor&sho' irres'ec!i$ecounseling of age. s&ills and de"ons!ra!ed a 'osi!i$e +l!hough !here was decrease in "ean change in !heir a!!i!ude. &nowledge score in 'os! !es! (( i.e. af!er !hree 4onclusion "on!hs of wor&sho', e$en !hen i! was #duca!ion for self-"anage"en! is an significan!ly "ore !han !he 're !es! score. (n in!egral 'ar! of dia e!es care and is an e$ol$ing 'os! !es! (, "ore !han ?0B 'ar!ici'an!s scored 'rocess es'ecially in (ndia. (! is !he e!ween A1-100B and a ou! half of !he corners!one of care for all indi$iduals wi!h 'ar!ici'an!s scored e!ween 71-A0B. (n 'os! dia e!es who wan! !o achie$e successful !es! ((, only one 'ar!ici'an! could score heal!h rela!ed ou!co"es. =herefore all !he e!ween A1-100B and a ou! one !hird scored indi$iduals e!ween 81-A0B. +''roDi"a!ely half were in suffering fro" dia e!es "elli!us "us! e!ween 71-80B of score. No one had !helearn self-"anage"en! s&ills. 0a!ien!s can "anage !heir disease well if !hey ha$e score less !han ?0B o!h in !he 'os! ( and
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1AA1G 17, ?87-?A0

&nowledge of 3wha! and how3 of !he 8. disease Moriar!y 0, %!e'hens 1. Iac!ore !ha! dia e!es 'a!ien! !eaching 'erfor"ed y and self care "anage"en!. +s educa!ioninfluence is hos'i!al s!aff nurses. /ia e!es #duca!ion 1AA0G !he i"'or!an! 'ar! of nursing care, !o 'ro$ide 15, 1-3?. :uali!y infor"a!ion !o !he dia e!ic 'a!ien!s i! +nderson RM, /onnelly M., Iunnell MM, A. is $ery i"'or!an! for all !he nursing 'ersonnel Johnson 0/. =he con!inuing educa!ion needs of !o &ee' u'da!ing !heir &nowledge. dia e!es nurse educa!ors. J 4on!inuing #duc Nurs References
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2.

7 .

?.

5.

7 .

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