FERN FROND=The term frond refers to a large, divided leaf.
[1]
In both common usage and botanical nomenclature, the
leaves of ferns are referred to as fronds[2] and some botanists
restrict the term to this group.[3] Other botanists allow the term
frond to also apply to the large leaves ofcycads and palms
(Arecaceae).[4][5]
When most people use the word frond they mean a large,
compound leaf, but if the term is used botanically to refer to the
leaves of ferns, it may be applied to smaller and undivided
leaves.
Fronds, like all leaves, usually have a stalk called the petiole
supporting a flattened blade, sometimes called a lamina.
However, fronds are often described using distinctively different
terms. The petiole of a frond is called a stipe and the
continuation of the stipe into the bladeportion is called
the rachis. The blades may be simple (undivided), pinnatifid
(deeply incised, but not truly compound), pinnate (compound with the leaflets arranged along a rachis to
resemble a feather). If a frond is pinnate, the segments of the blade are called pinnae(singular: pinna)
and the stalks bearing the pinnae are called petiolules (The main vein or mid-rib of a pinna is sometimes
called a costa(pl., costae).[6]
If a frond is divided into pinnae, the frond is called once pinnate. In some fronds the pinna are further
divided into segments, creating a bipinnate frond. The segments into which each pinna are divided are
called pinnules. Rarely, a frond may even be tripinnate, in which case the pinnule divisions are known
as ultimate segments.
SPRUCE BRANCH=A spruce is a tree of the genus Picea a genus of about 35 species
of coniferous evergreen trees in the Family Pinaceae, found in the northern temperate and boreal (taiga)
regions of the earth. Spruces are large trees, from 20–60 metres (66–200 ft) tall when mature, and can be
distinguished by their whorled branches and conical form. The needles, or leaves, of spruce trees are
attached singly to the branches in a spiral fashion, each needle on a small peg-like structure called
a pulvinus. The needles are shed when 4–10 years old, leaving the branches rough with the retained
pulvinus (an easy means of distinguishing them from other similar genera, where the branches are fairly
smooth).
Spruces are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species; see list of Lepidoptera that
feed on spruces. They are also used by the larvae of gall adelgids (Adelges species).
In the mountains of western Sweden scientists have found a Norway Spruce tree, nicknamed Old Tjikko,
which by reproducing through layering has reached an age of 9,550 years and is claimed to be the
world's oldest known living tree.
SUNFLOWER= The sunflower (Helianthus annuus) is an annual plant native to the Americas. It
possesses a large inflorescence (flowering head), and its name is derived from the flower's shape and
image, which is often used to depict the sun. The plant has a rough, hairy stem, broad, coarsely toothed,
rough leaves, and circular flower heads. The heads consist of many individual flowers which mature into
seeds, often in the hundreds, on a receptacle base. From the Americas, sunflower seeds were brought to
Europe in the 16th century, where, along with sunflower oil, they became a widespread cooking
ingredient. Leaves of the sunflower can be used as cattle feed, while the stems contain a fibre which may
be used in paper production.
ACACIA= Acacia also known as a thorntree, whistling thorn or wattle, is a genus of shrubs and
trees belonging to the subfamily Mimosoideae of the family Fabaceae, described by
the Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus in 1773 based on the African species Acacia nilotica. Many non-
Australian species tend to be thorny, whereas the majority of Australian acacias are not. All species
are pod-bearing, with sap and leaves often bearing large amounts of tannins and condensed tannins that
historically found use as pharmaceuticals and preservatives.
The generic name derives from ἀκακία (akakia), the name given by early Greek botanist-
physician Pedanius Dioscorides (middle to late first century) to the medicinal tree A. nilotica in his
book Materia Medica.[2] This name derives from the Greek word for its characteristic thorns, "thorn").The
species name nilotica was given by Linnaeus from this tree's best-known range along the Nile river.
