Advanced FEM
Kirchho Plates: Field Equations
20
AFEM Ch 20 Slide 1
Advanced FEM
Plate Structures
A plate is a three dimensional body characterized by Thinness: one of the plate dimensions, the thickness, is much smaller than the other two Flatness: the midsurface of the plate is a plane
AFEM Ch 20 Slide 2
Advanced FEM
Plate: Membrane vs Bending
z (a) (b)
y x x
AFEM Ch 20 Slide 3
Advanced FEM
Reduction to Two Dimensional Problem
Midsurface
y
Mathematical Idealization
(b)
Plate
(c) (a)
Thickness h Material normal, also called material filament
AFEM Ch 20 Slide 4
Advanced FEM
Plate Models
Bent membrane von Karman * Kirchhoff * Reissner-Mindlin High Order Composite Exact: 3D elasticity geometrically nonlinear geometrically nonlinear geometrically linear geometrically linear geometrically linear geometrically linear global global global global local local
* treated in this course
AFEM Ch 20 Slide 5
Advanced FEM
The Kirchhoff Plate Model
Behavioral assumptions: o thin plate but w << h o uniform thickness or varies slowly o symmetric fabrication about midplane o transverse loads distributed over areas of char dimension > h o support conditions respect inextensional bending
AFEM Ch 20 Slide 6
Advanced FEM
Main Kinematic Assumption for Kirchhoff Plate
y y
y (positive as shown if looking toward y) Deformed misurface
x x
w(x,y) Section y = 0
Original misurface x
"Material normals remain straight after deformation and normal to the deformed misurface"
AFEM Ch 20 Slide 7
Advanced FEM
Kinematic Relations
Deflection of plate midsurface along z w = w(x,y) Rotations of material normal about x, y w x = w , y = y x Displacement of a material particle P(x,y,z)
u x = z w = zy , x u y = z w = z x , y uz = w
AFEM Ch 20 Slide 8
Advanced FEM
Kinematic Relations (cont'd)
Strain-displacement equations
ex x = e yy = ezz = 2ex y = 2ex z = 2e yz = ux x uy y uz z ux y ux z uy z 2w = z x x , x2 2w = z 2 = z yy , y 2w = z 2 = 0, z uy 2w + = 2z = 2z x y , x xy uz w w + = + = 0, x x x uz w w + = + =0 y y y = z
in which the 's are the plate midsurface curvatures
x y = 2w , x2 yy = 2w , y2 x y = 2w xy
AFEM Ch 20 Slide 9
Bending Stresses and Moments
Showing Positive Sign Conventions
Advanced FEM
Bending stresses (+ as shown) Inplane shear stresses Normal stresses
dx
dy
dx
dy
z
dx
Top surface
y
dy
y x
xy = yx
x y
xx
yy
x
Bottom surface M yy Bending moments (+ as shown) Mxx Mxx Myx M yy Mxy M xx M yx
y
M xy Mxy = M yx Myy
2D view
AFEM Ch 20 Slide 10
Advanced FEM
Moment-Curvature Relations
Wall fabrication assumptions: o Plate is homogeneous o Each plate lamina z = constant is in plane stress o Material obeys Hooke's law in plane stress:
x x E 11 yy = E 12 x y E 13 ex x E 11 E 13 E 23 e yy = z E 12 E 33 2ex y E 13 x x E 13 E 23 yy E 33 2x y
E 12 E 22 E 23
E 12 E 22 E 23
AFEM Ch 20 Slide 11
Advanced FEM
Moment-Curvature Relations (cont'd)
Bending moments are obtained by integrating the in-plane wall stresses over the thickness
Mx x dy = M yy d x = Mx y dy = M yx d x =
h /2 h /2 h /2 h /2 h /2 h /2 h /2 h /2
x x z dy dz yy z d x dz x y z dy dz yx z d x dz
Mx x = M yy = Mx y = M yx =
h /2 h /2 h /2 h /2 h /2 h /2 h /2 h /2
x x z dz , yy z dz , x y z dz , yx z dz .
Since Mxy = Myx (from rotational equilibrium) only 3 independent components need to be calculated
AFEM Ch 20 Slide 12
Advanced FEM
Moment-Curvature Relations (cont'd)
Carrying out the integration over the thickness:
E 11 Mx x 3 M yy = h E 12 12 Mx y E 13 E 12 E 22 E 23 x x D11 E 13 = D12 E 23 yy E 33 2x y D13 D12 D22 D23 x x D13 D23 yy D33 2x y
For isotropic material of modulus E and Poisson's ratio
Mx x 1 M yy = D 0 Mx y 1 0 x x 0 yy 0 1 (1 + ) 2x y 2
where D=
Eh 3 12(1 2 ) is the plate rigidity
Max/min stress computation given the moments:
,min xmax = x
6 Mx x , h2
max ,min yy =
6 M yy , h2
,min xmax = y
6 Mx y max ,min = yx 2 h
AFEM Ch 20 Slide 13
Advanced FEM
Transverse Shear Stresses and Forces
dx
dy
Parabolic distribution across thickness Transverse shear stresses
z
dx
Top surface
h
xz yz
dy
x y
y
Qx Qy Qy
x
Bottom surface
Transverse shear forces (+ as shown)
Qx
2D view
AFEM Ch 20 Slide 14
Advanced FEM
Transverse Shear Stresses and Forces (cont'd)
Wall distribution in a homogeneous plate
x z = xmax z 4z 2 1 2 , h yz =
max yz
4z 2 1 2 . h
Integrating over the thickness provides the transverse shear forces
Qx =
h /2 h /2
x z dz =
2 max 3 xz
h,
Qy =
h /2 h /2
yz dz = 2 max h , 3 yz
If transverse shear forces given, maximum shear stresses are
xmax = z
3 2
Qx , h
max yz =
3 2
Qy . h
AFEM Ch 20 Slide 15
Advanced FEM
Internal Equilibrium Equations
z
(a)
Qy Qx
z
(b)
M yx Mxy Mxx
dy
q dx
dy
Q y+ Qy dy y
Myy
y x
dx
y
Myy+
M yy dy y
x
Q x+
Qx dx x
Distributed transverse load (force per unit area)
z-force
M yx Mx x dx M yx + dx x x Mx y Mxy + dy y x-mom y-mom
Mxx +
z-mom
Qy Qx + = q x y Mx y Mx x + = Q x x y M yy M yx + = Qy x y
Mx y = M yx
AFEM Ch 20 Slide 16
Advanced FEM
Internal Equilibrium Equations (cont'd)
Repeating for convenience:
Qy Qx + = q x y Mx y M yy M yx Mx x + = Q + = Q y x x y x y Mx y = M yx
Eliminating the shear forces and one of the twist moments gives the moment equilibrium equation
2 Mx y 2 M yy 2 Mx x + 2 =q + x2 xy y2
AFEM Ch 20 Slide 17
Advanced FEM
Matrix and Indicial Form of Field Equations
Field eqn KE CE BE Matrix form
= Pw
Indicial form = w, M = D M, = q
Equationname for plate problem
M = D PT M = q
Kinematic equation Moment-curvature equation Internal equilibrium equation
Here PT = [ 2 / x 2 2 / y 2 2 2 / x y ] = [ 2 / x1 x1 2 / x2 x2 2 2 / x1 x2 ], MT = [ Mx x M yy Mx y ] = [ M11 M22 M12 ], T = [ x x yy 2x y ] = [ 11 22 212 ]. Greek indices, such as , run over 1,2 only.
AFEM Ch 20 Slide 18
Advanced FEM
Strong Form Diagram of Field Equations for Kirchhoff Plate Model
Deflection w =Pw in Transverse load q
Kinematic
Equilibrium Constitutive
PT M = q in
Curvatures
M=D in
Bending moments M
AFEM Ch 20 Slide 19
