Scribd
Upload
748 views5 pages

Evaporator Design Calculations

The document summarizes the design of an evaporator. It provides specifications for materials, dimensions, and calculations. Key details include: - The evaporator will evaporate 295.058 kg/hr of water with a steam recovery rate of 0.76. - It will have 18 brass tubes with a diameter of 40 mm arranged in a triangular pitch. - The required heat transfer area is 1.053 m2. The tube sheet will have a diameter of 170 mm and thickness of 10 mm. - Design calculations determine the tube sheet thickness should be 5 mm.

Uploaded by

Devang Godhaniya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
748 views5 pages

Evaporator Design Calculations

The document summarizes the design of an evaporator. It provides specifications for materials, dimensions, and calculations. Key details include: - The evaporator will evaporate 295.058 kg/hr of water with a steam recovery rate of 0.76. - It will have 18 brass tubes with a diameter of 40 mm arranged in a triangular pitch. - The required heat transfer area is 1.053 m2. The tube sheet will have a diameter of 170 mm and thickness of 10 mm. - Design calculations determine the tube sheet thickness should be 5 mm.

Uploaded by

Devang Godhaniya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Evaporator Design Calculations
  • Material and Construction Specifications
  • Tube and Downtake Area Calculations
  • Design Pressure and Thickness Calculations
  • Final Thickness Considerations

Design for Evaporator :

We have, feed = 848.856 kg/hr Feed = Water evaporated + Thick liquor 848.856 = Water evaporated + 553.798 Therefore, water evaporated = Mv = 295.058 kg/hr Ms = mass flow rate of steam in kg/hr Mf = 848.856 kg/hr Specific heat of feed = Cp mix AvgCp mix = Xi Cpi =0..6394*1.72 + 0.2207*1.34 + 0.1516*4.19 =2.03071 KJ/kg K Therefore, Cpf = 2.03071 KJ/kg K Ts = saturation temp of steam = 373 K T = boiling point of solution = 300 K s= latent heat of cond`ensation of steam = 1715 KJ/kg = latent heat of vaporization of water = 2256 KJ/kg Energy balance over the evaporator Ms*s= F*Cp (T - Tf) + Mv* Ms* 2202 = 848.856*2.03(373-300) +295.058*2256 Ms = 386.69kg/hr Steam recovery =water evaporated / steam consumed = 295.058 / 386.69 = 0.76 Q = Ms*s =386.69 * 1715 =1181739.32 KJ/hr =328260.92 W

U = 1987.405 W/m2k Q = U*A*T A = 328260.92 / (1987.405*184.97) =1.1 m2 Therefore, heat transfer area = 1.053 m2

Material of construction Evaporator : Carbon steel Tubes : brass Permissible strss for carbon steel = 98 N/mm2 Modulus of elasticity : Carbon steel = 19.0*104 N/mm2 Brass = 9.5*104 N/mm2 Steam pressure =3.97 N/mm2 Conical head at bottom and top = cone angle =120 Poisson ratio = 0.3 Tubes & tube layout Tubes of following dimensions were selected Tube diameter (outside)= 40 mm Tube thickness = 1.5 mm Tube length = 500 mm Effective tube length = 466 mm Tube layout: triangular pitch (St) = 125 mm Therefore, number of tubes (n) = heat transfer area / tube area = 1.05 * 106 / *40*466 =17.7518

Area occupied by tubes A = n * 0.866 * St2 =18*0.866*(125)2 =0.243 m2 Proportionality factor, = 0.9

A= 0.243 / 0.9 =0.270 m2 The area occupied by central downtake (downcomer) is considered to be 40% of the cross sectional area of tube tubes. Tube inside diameter = 40 2*t = 40- 2*1.5 =37 mm The area occupied by downcomer = (0.4*no of tubes)*(cross sectional flow area of a single tube) =0.4*18*(/4)*372 =0.00163 m2 The inside diameter of the downtake Di = 4*(A/) =4*(0.00163/) =0.00137 m =10.67mm The minimum thickness is 10 mm. And hence outside diameter = 10.67 + (2*10) =41.67 mm The area of downtake based on outside diameter = (/4) *41.672 =1363.7566mm2 = 0.00136 m2 Total area occupied by downtake and tubes = area of tubes + area of downtake = 0.270 + 0.00136 =0.271 m2 0.3 m2 Diameter of tubesheet (Dt) = 3* (0.3/) =0.1653 m = 165.39 mm 170 mm The calendria sheet thickness Steam pressure = 0.39 N/mm2

Therefore, design pressure = 1.1 * 0.39 =0.42N/mm2 Sheet thickness (ts) = ((P*D)/(2*F*(J-P)) + C =((0.42*170)/2*98*(0.85-0.42)) =0.79 +1.5 =2.29mm But minimum thickness is 10 mm. So the calendria sheet thickness is 10 mm. The tube sheet thickness (t) = F*G* 0.25P/f Where, t = effective thickness of tube sheet P= design pressure f = allowable stress at appropriate temp G = mean diameter of gasket For tube side pressure, F = (2+K)/(2+3K) For shell side pressure, F = (K)/(2+3K) Where, K = Es*Ts*(Do-Ts) / Et*n*(do-Tt)*Tt Es = elastic modulus of shell = 19*104 N/mm2 Et = elastic modulus of tube = 9.5*102 N/mm2 Do = outside diameter of shell = 170 mm Do = outside diameter of tube = 40 mm Ts = shell thickness = 10 mm Tt = tube wall thickness = 1.5 mm N = number of tubes in shell = 18 K = 19*104*10*(170-10) / 9.5*104*18*1.5*(40-1.5) = 3.07 For tube side pressure F =(2+K)/(2+3K) =(2+3.07)/(2+(3*3.07))

=0.200 for shell side pressure F = (K)/(2+3K) = 3.07/(2+(3*3.07)) = 0.156 Take which is greater. So, F = 0.200 G= 170 + (25+25)/2 =195 mm T= 0.2*195* (0.25*0.42)/98 =1.25mm 5mm So we can take thickness 5 mm including corrosion allowance. .

Design for Evaporator : We have, feed = 848.856 kg/hr Feed = Water evaporated + Thick liquor 848.856 = Water evaporated
U = 1987.405 W/m2k Q = U*A*∆T A = 328260.92 / (1987.405*184.97) =1.1 m2 Therefore, heat transfer area = 1.053 m2 M
A= 0.243 / 0.9 =0.270 m2 The area occupied by central downtake (downcomer) is considered to be 40% of the cross secti
Therefore, design pressure = 1.1 * 0.39 =0.42N/mm2 Sheet thickness (ts) = ((P*D)/(2*F*(J-P)) + C =((0.42*170)/2*98*(0.85-0
=0.200 for shell side pressure F = √(K)/(2+3K) = √3.07/(2+(3*3.07)) = 0.156 Take which is greater. So, F = 0.200

You might also like