WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION
A Technical Seminar Report Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the
requirement for the award of degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Of
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
ANANTAPUR
by
[Link] REDDY
(10AT1A0456)
Under the Esteemed guidance of
[Link] MANOHAR
[Link]
Associate Professor
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
[Link] COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
(Affiliated to JNTU Anantapur, Approved by AICTE,New Delhi)
Pasupala(V),Nandikotkur Road, Kurnool-518002(A.P)
2010 2014.
[Link] COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
(Affiliated to JNTU Anantapur, Approved by AICTE,New Delhi)
Pasupala(V),Nandikotkur Road, Kurnool-518002(A.P)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Technical seminar entitled
WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION being submitted by
[Link] REDDY (10AT1A0456) in partial fulfilment of the
requirement for the award of degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING of
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Anantapur during the academic
year 2010 14.
Project Guide: Head of the Department:
[Link] MANOHAR
[Link]
[Link] RAO
[Link], Ph.D
Assistant Professor HOD and DEAN
Dept. Of ECE Dept. Of ECE
G.P.C.E.T G.P.C.E.T
Place:
Date:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
With immense pleasure, I record my deep sense of gratitude to our
beloved Principal, [Link] Rao
M.E,Ph.D
for permitting me to carry out this
technical seminar.
I with extreme jubilance and deepest gratitude would like to thank
[Link] Rao
[Link],Ph.D
, HOD department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering for constant encouragement provided to us to complete in time.
I manifest my heartier thankfulness pertaining to my contentment over
[Link] Manohar,
[Link]
, Associate Professor of Electronics and
Communication Engineering department for seminar guidance with whose adroit
concomitance the excellence has been exemplified in bringing out this seminar work
with artistry.
I am also thankful to all the teaching and non-teaching staff
member of our department who rendered their kind of cooperation of this technical
seminar work.
I am also thankful to my friends and my parents for their kind
cooperation of this technical seminar work.
I am very thankful to one and all that helped us directly or indirectly
in carrying out this technical seminar.
With gratitude,
[Link] REDDY (10AT1A0456)
CONTENTS
TOPIC NAMES Page No.
ABSTRACT i
LIST OF FIGURES iii
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1
CHAPTER 2: WITRICITY TECHNOLOGY: THE BASICS 2
2.1 ELECTRICITY
2.2 MAGNETISM
2.3 MAGNETIC INDUCTION
2.4 ENERGY/POWER COUPLING
2.5 RESONANCE
2.6 RESONANT MAGNETIC COUPLING
2.7 WITRICITY TECHNOLOGY
CHAPTER 3: THE INVENTION OF WITRICITY TECHNOLOGY 6
3.1 THINGS THAT GO BEEP IN THE NIGHT
3.2 EUREKAL COUPLED RESONATORS
3.3 STRONG COUPLING
3.4 WITRICITY TECHNOLOGY IS BORN
CHAPTER 4: WITRICITY IS MORE THAN 9
4.1 TRADITIONAL MAGNETIC INDUCTION
4.2 RADIATIVE POWER TRANSFER
4.3 MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI)
4.4 TESLAS VISION OF WIRELESS WORLD
CHAPTER 5: FEATURES AND BENEFITS 13
5.1 HAIGHLY RESONANT STRONG COUPLING
PROVIDES HIGH EFFICIENCY OVER DISTANCE
5.2 ENERGY TRANSFER VIA MAGNETIC NEAR FIELD
CAN PENETRATE AND WRAP AROUND OBSTACLES
5.3 NON-RADIATIVE ENERGY TRANSER IS SAFE FOR
PEOPLE AND ANIMALS
5.4 SCALABLE DESIGN ENABLES SOLUTION FROM
MILLIWATS TO KILOWATTS
5.5 FLEXIBLE GEOMETRY ALLOWS WITRICITY
DEVICES TO BE EMBEDDED INTO OEM PRODUCTS
CHAPTER 6: WITRICITY APPLICATIONS 14
6.1 WITRICITY TECHNOLOGY WILL MAKE THE PRODUCTS
6.2 CONSUMER ELECTRONICS
6.3 INDUSTRIAL
6.4 TRANSPORTATION
6.5 OTHER APPLICATIONS
CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSION 16
CHAPTER 8: REFERENCE 17
ABSTRACT
Wireless electricity is also known as Witricity. Transmission of electrical
energy from one object to another without the use of wires is called as Witricity.
Witricity will ensure that the cell phones, laptops, iPods and other power hungry
devices get charged on their own, eliminating the need of plugging them in and
with every family member owning their cell phones, the drawers are
overflowing with all sorts of wires. How many times have you wished if there
could be some way to do away with all the wiry clutter? When you are on the
way to work and your cell phone beeps in hunger for a battery charge, havent
you wished for your cell phone battery to get self-charged. Even better,
because of Witricity some of the devices wont require batteries to operate.
The brain behind Witricity is of Prof. Marin Soljacic from Massachustets
Institute of Technology (MIT), is the one who has proved that magnetic coupled
resonance can be utilized in order to transfer energy without wires. Whats even
more interesting is how he came about this idea. Soljacic, just like any of us was
fed up of his low battery beeping cll phone and wondered just like any of us if
there was a way to get rid of this charging problem.
But this remarkable discovery of the True Wireless and the principles upon
which transmission and reception even in the present day systems, are based.
Dr. Nikola Tesla shows us that he is indeed the Father of the Wireless. The
most well-known and famous Wardenclyffe Tower (Tesla Tower) was designed
and constructed mainly for wireless transmission of electrical power, rather than
telegraphy. The most popular concept known is Tesla Theory in which it was
firmly believed that Wardenclyffe, would permit wireless transmission and
reception across large distance with losses. In spite of this he had made
numerous experiments of high quality to validate this claim of possibility of
wireless transmission of electricity. But this was an unfortunate incidence that
people of that century was not in a position to recognise his splendid work
otherwise today we may transmit electricity wirelessly and will convert our
mother earth a wonderful adobe full of electricity.
Witricity- Wireless Electricity, these words are simpler said that done. The
concept behind this fascinating term is a little complex. However, if you want to
understand it, try and picture what I state in the next few lines. Consider two
self resonating copper coils of same resonating frequency with a diameter 20
(i)
inches each. One copper wire is connected to the power source (Witricity
transmitter), while the other copper wire is connected to the device (Witricity
Receiver).
The electric power from the source causes the copper coil connected to it to start
oscillating at a particular (MHz) frequency. Subsequently, the space around the
copper coil gets filled with non-magnetic radiations. This generated magnetic
field further transfers the power to the other copper coil connected to the
receiver. Since this coil is also of the same frequency, it starts oscillating at the
same frequency as the first coil. This is known as coupled resonance and is the
principle behind Witricity.
MITs witricity is only 40 to 45% efficient and according to Soljacic, they have
to be twice as efficient to compete with the traditional chemical batteries. The
teams next aim is to get a robotic vacuum or a laptop working, charging
devices placed anywhere in the room and even robots on factory floors. The
researchers are also currently working on the healthy issues related to this
concept and have said that in another three to five years time, they will come
up with a Witricity system for commercial use.
Witricity, if successful will definitely charge the way we live. Imagine cell
phones, laptops digital cameras getting self-charged! Wow! Lets hope the
researchers will be able to come up with the commercial system soon. Till then,
we wait in anticipation!
(ii)
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE NAME Page No.
1 An illustration representing the earths magnetic field 2
2 An illustration of magnetic field warped around a wire 3
When current flows through it.
3 Electronic Transformer 3
4 Idealized resonant magnetic coils 4
5 WiTricity power source connected to AC power 5
6 Magnetic Induction transfer of Energy 9
7 Magnetic Induction charging of car 10
8 Nikola Teslas Wardenclyffe Tower 12
(iii)
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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
In this era of modernization, electricity has become the cup of life. A moment
without electricity makes your thinking go dry. The major source of
conventional form of electricity is through wires. The continuous research and
development has brought forward a major break through, which provides
electricity without the medium of wires. This wonder baby is called WiTricity.
There are certain small but very useful discoveries made in history, which
changed the world forever, Newtons gravitational law, Watts steam engine,
Thomsons bulb and many more. But a renaissance occurred with the invention
of Electromagnetic Waves by Maxwell. Sir Jagdish Chandra Bose sucessufully
generated electromagnetic waves having wavelength in the range of 25 mm.
Thereafter an Italian scientist named Marconi succeeded in transmitting
electromagnetic waves up to a distance of several miles.
And with this there started a new era called WIRELESS TESHNOLOGY.
Today, as we can see the word wireless is common in day-to-day life.
Wireless communication has made the world smaller. Almost each and
everything is wireless or cordless. Cordless mouse, cordless keyboard, satellite
communication, mobiles, cordless microphones and headphones, wireless
internet service i.e. WIFI, etc. and these have definitely increased the standard
of living.
Moreover, we all are aware of the use of electromagnetic radiations
(radiowaves) which is quite well known for wireless transfer of information. In
addition, lasers have also been used to transmit energy without wires. However,
radio waves are not feasible for power transmission because the nature of the
radiation is such that it spreads across the place, resulting into a large amount of
radiation being wasted. And in the case of lasers, apart from requirements of
uninterrupted line of sight (an obstacle hinders the transmission process). It is
also very dangerous Witricity is nothing but wireless electricity. Transmission
of electrical energy from one object to another without the use of wires is calles
as Witricity. Witricity will ensure that the cellphones, laptops, iPods and other
power hunger devices get charged on their own, eliminating the need of
plugging them in. Even better, because of WiTricity some of the devices wont
require batteries to operate.
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Department of ECE, GPCET, Kurnool Page 2
CHAPTER 2: WITRICITY TECHNOLOGY: THE BASIC
WiTricity technology is transferring electric energy or power over distance
without wires. With the basics of electricity and magnetism and work our way
up to the WiTricity technology.
Electricity: The flow of electrons (current) through a conductor (like a wire),
or charges through the atmosphere (like lightning). A convenient way for
energy to get from one place to another!
Figure 1:An illustration representing the Earths magnetic field
Magnetism: A fundamental force of nature, which causes certain types of
materials to attract or repel each other. Permanent magnets, like ones on your
refrigerator and the earths magnetic field, are examples of objects having
constant magnetic fields.
Oscillating magnetic fields vary with time, and can be generated by alternating
current (AC) flowing on a wire. The strength, direction, and extent of magnetic
fields are often represented and visualized by drawings of the magnetic field
lines.
Electromagnetism: A term for the interdependence of time-varying electric and
magnetic fields. For example, it turns out that and oscillating magnetic field
produces a magnetic an electric field and an oscillating electric field produces
field.
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If a conductive loop is connected to an AC power source, it will generate an
oscillating magnetic field in the vicinity of the loop. A second conducting loop,
brought close enough to the first, may capture some portion of that oscillating
magnetic field, which in turn, generates or induces an electric current in the
second coil. The current generated in the second coil may be used to power
devices. This type of electrical power transfer from one loop or coil to another
is well and referred to as magnetic induction. Some common examples of
devices based on magnetic induction are electric transformers and electric
generators.
Figure 2: As electric current I flow in the circuit, it gives rise to a magnetic field which wrap
around wire and when current is reversed magnetic field also get reversed.
The blue lines represent the magnetic field when current flows through a coil and current is reversed,
magnetic field also get reversed.
Energy/Power Coupling: Energy coupling occurs when an energy source has a
menas of transferring energy to another object. One simple example is a
locomotive pulling a train car- the mechanical coupling between the two
enables the locomotive to pull the train, and overcome the forces of friction and
inertia that keep the train still- and, the train moves. Magnetic coupling occur
when the magnetic field of the object interacts with a second object and induces
an electric current in or on that object. In this way, electric energy can be
transferred from a power source to a powered device. In contrast to the example
of mechanical coupling given for the train, magnetic coupling does not require
any physical contact between the object generating the energy and the object or
capturing that energy.
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Department of ECE, GPCET, Kurnool Page 4
Figure 3: An electric transformer or is a device that uses magnetic induction to transfer energy from its primary
winding to its secondary winding without the winding being connected to each other. It is used to transform AC current at
one voltage to AC current at a different voltage.
Resonance: Resonance is a property that exits in many different physical
systems. It can be thought of as the natural frequency at which energy can most
efficiently be added to an oscillating system. A playground swing is an example
of an oscillating system involving potential energy and kinetic energy. The child
swing back and forth at a rate that is determined by the length of the swing. The
child can make the swing go higher if she properly coordinates her arm and leg
action with the motion of the swing. The swing is oscillating at its resonant
frequency and the simple movements of the child efficiently transfer energy to
the system. Another example of resonance is the way in which a singer can
shatter a wine glass by singing a single loud, clear note.
In this example, the wine glass is the resonant oscillating system. Sound waves
traveling through the air are captured by the glass, and the sound energy is
converted to mechanical vibrations of the glass itself. When the singer hits the
note that matches the resonant frequency of the glass, the glass absorbs energy,
begins vibrating, and can eventually even shatter. The resonant frequency of the
glass depends on the size, shape, thickness of the glass, and how much wine is
in it.
Resonant Magnetic Coupling: Magnetic coupling occurs when two objects
exchange energy through their varying oscillating magnetic fields. Resonant
coupling occurs when the natural frequencies of the two objects are
approximately the same.
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Figure 4: Two idealized resonant magnetic coils, shown in yellow. The blue and red colour bands
illustrate their magnetic fields. The coupling of their respective magnetic fields is indicated by the
connection of the colour bands.
WiTricity Technology: WiTricity power sources and capture devices are
specially designed magnetic resonators that efficiently transfer power over large
distance via the magnetic near-field. These proprietary source and device
designs and the electronic systems that control them support efficient energy
transfer over distances that are many times the size of the sources/devices
themselves.
Figure 4: The WiTricity power source, left is connected to AC power. The blue lines represent the
magnetic near field induced by the power source. The yellow lines represent the flow of energy from
the source to the WiTricity capture coil, which is shown powering a light bulb. Note that this diagram
also shows how the magnetic field (blue lines) can wrap around a conductive obstacle between the
power source and the capture device.
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Department of ECE, GPCET, Kurnool Page 6
CHAPTER 3: THE INVENTION OF WITRICITY TECHNOLOGY
Initiation
The story stated late one night a few years ago, with MIT Professor Marin
Soljacic standing in his pajamas, staring at his cell phone on the kitchen
counter. It was probably the sixth time that month that he was a wakened by his
mobile phone keeping to let him know that he had forgotten to charge it. At that
moment, it occurred to him: There is electricity wired all through this house,
all through my office- everywhere. This phone take care of its own charging!
But to make this possible, one would have to find a way to transfer power from
the existing wired infrastructure to the cell phone- without wires. Soljacic
strated thinking of physical phenomena that could make this dream a reality.
Coupled Resonators was fit for the situation
To achieve wireless power transfer in a way that is practical and safe, one needs
to use a physical phenomenon that enables the power source and the device ( in
this case, the mobile phone) to exchange energy strongly, while interacting only
weakly with living beings and other environmental objects, like furniture and
walls. The phenomenon of coupled resonators precisely fits this description.
Two rsonant objects of the same resonant frequency tend to exchange energy
efficiently, while interacting weakly with extraneous off-resonant objects.
A child on a swing is a good example of a resonant system. A swing exhibits a
type of mechanical resonance, so only when the child pumps her legs at the
natural frequency of the swing is she able to impart substantial energy into the
motion of the swing. Another example involves acoustic resonances: imagine a
room with 100 identical wine glasses, but each filled with wine up to a different
level, so that each resonates at a different frequency (that is, they each emit a
different tone or note when tapped by a utensil, for example). If an opera singer
enters that room and sings a very loud single note, the glass having the
corresponding resonant frequency accumulate enough energy to shatter, while
the other glasses are unaffected.
Strong Coupling
Coupled resonators are said to operate in a strongly coupled regime if their
energy transfer rate is substantially higher than the rate at which they lose
energy due to factors such as material absorption and radiation. In the strongly
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coupled regime, energy transfer can be very efficient. These considerations are
universal, applying to all kinds of resonances (e.g., acoustic, mechanical,
electromagnetic, etc.). soljacic and his colleagues at MIT (Karalis and
Joannopoulos) set out to explore and develop the physical theory of how to
enable strongly coupled magnetic resonators to transfer power over distances
that would enable the kind of wireless device charging that Soljacic imagined.
Their theoretical results were published first in 2006, and again in 2008 in the
Annals of Physics.
Once the physical theories were developed, Soljacic and his team (Kurs,
Karalis, Moffatt, Joannopolous, Fisher) set out to validate them experimentally.
The theory was developed to cover a broad range of coupled resonator systems,
but the experimental work focused on proving that magnetically coupled
resonators could exchange energy in the manner predicted by the theory and
required for the wireless charging or devices, such as cell phones. The team
explored a system of two electro-magnetic resonators coupled through their
magnetic fields. They were able to identify the strongly coupled regime in this
system, and showed that strong coupling could be achieved over distances that
greatly exceeded the size of the resonant objects themselves. The team had
proven that in this strongly coupled regime, efficient wireless power transfer
could be enabled. Their successful experiment was published in the journal,
Science in 2007.
WiTricity Technology is Born
The experimental design consisted of two copper coils, each a self-resonant
system. One of the coils, connected to an AC power supply, was the resonant
source. The other coil, the resonant capture device, was connected to a 60 watt
light bulb. The power source and capture device were suspended in mid-air with
nylon thread, at distances that ranged from a few centimetres to over 2.5 meters
(8.2 ft). Not only was the light bulb illuminated, but the theoretical predictions
of high efficiency over distance were proven experimentally. By placing various
objects between the source and capture device, the team demonstrated how the
magnetic near field can transfer power through certain materials around
obstacles.
Thus Prof. Soljacic dream of finding a method to wirelessly connect mobile
electric devices to the existing electric grid was realized. WiTricity Corp was
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Department of ECE, GPCET, Kurnool Page 8
soon launched to carry this technology from MIT laboratories to commercial
production.
The inventors of Witricity are the researchers from the team from
Massachusetts e Institute of Technology. They are the people who had coined
the phrase of Witricity and this invention can change the way electricity is used
today. This team from MIT belonged to the Departments of Physics,
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and the Institute
for Soldier Nanotechnologies. The members of this team were Andre Kurs,
Aristeidis Karalis, Prof. Peter Fisher, Robert Moffat and Prof. John
Joannopoulos. The leader of this team of researchers was Prof. Marin Soljacic.
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Department of ECE, GPCET, Kurnool Page 9
CHAPTER 4: WITRICITY TECHNOLOGY IS MORE THAN
Traditional Magnetic Induction
At first glance, WiTricity technology for power transfer appears to be traditional
magnetic induction, such as is used in power transformers, where conductive
coils transmit power to each other wirelessly, over very short distances.
Inductive charging uses the electromagnetic field to transfer energy between two
objects. A charging station sends energy through inductive coupling to an
electrical device, which stores the energy in the batteries. Because there is a
small gap between the two coils, inductive charging is one kind of short-distance
wireless energy transfer. The two coils must be very close together, and may
even overlap, but the coils do not make direct electrical contact with each other.
Induction chargers typically use an induction coil to create an alternating
electromagnetic field from within a charging base station, and a second
induction coil in the portable device takes power from the electromagnetic field
and converts it back into electrical current to charge the battery. The two
induction coils in proximity combine to form an electrical transformer. However,
the efficiency of the power exchange in traditional magnetic induction systems
drops by orders of magnitude when the distance between the coils becomes
larger than their sizes. In addition to electric transformers, other devices based
on traditional magnetic induction include rechargeable electric toothbrushes, and
inductive charging pads which require that the object being charged be placed
directly on top of, or very close to, the base or pad supplying the power.
Figure 5: Magnetic Induction Transfer of energy
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The power exchange efficiency of some induction systems is improved by
utilizing resonant circuits. These so-called resonantly enhanced induction
techniques are used in certain medical implants and high-frequency RFIDs for
example. However, to the best of our knowledge, WiTricity founding technical
team was the first to discover that by specially designing the magnetic
resonators, one could achieve strong coupling and highly efficient energy
exchange over distances much larger than the size of the resonator coils,
distances very large compared to traditional schemes.
Inductive charging carries a far lower risk of electrical shock, when compared
with conductive charging, because there are no exposed conductors. The ability
to fully enclose the charging connection also makes the approach attractive
where water impermeability is required; for instance, inductive charging is used
for implanted medical devices that require periodic or even constant external
power, and for electric hygiene devices, such as toothbrushes and shavers, that
are frequently used near or even in water.
Figure 6: Magnetic Induction Charging of Car.
Radiative Power Transfer
WiTricity technology for power transfer is non-radiative and relies on near-field
magnetic coupling. Many other techniques for wireless power transfer rely on
radiative techniques, either broadcasted or narrow beam (directed radiation)
transmission of radio, or light waves. Broadcasted radiation of radio frequency
energy is commonly used for wireless information transfer because information
can be transmitted over a wide are to multiple users. The power received by
each radio or wireless receiver is miniscule, and must be amplified in a
receiving unit using an external power supply. Because the vast majority of
radiation power is wasted into free space, radio transmission is considered to be
an inefficient means of power transfer. Note that while more energy can be
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supplied to the receiver by cranking up the power of the transmitters in these
systems, such high power levels may pose a safety hazard and may interfere
with other radio frequency devices.
In addition to radio waves, visible and invisible light waves can also be used to
transfer energy. The sun is an excellent radiative source of light energy, and
industry and academia are working hard to develop photovoltaic technologies to
convert sunlight to electrical energy. A laser beam is a form of directed light
radiation, in which visible or invisible light waves may be formed into a
collimated beam, delivering energy in a targeted way. However, as in the case
of directed radio waves, safe and efficient transmission of laser power requires a
clear line of sight between the transmitter and receiver.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
MRI machines use magnetic resonance imaging to produce Diagnostic
images of soft tissue. Many people assume that WiTricity Resonant Magnetic
Coupling must be similar to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology
however; the technologies are similar in name only. MRI is, as its name suggest,
a technology for using magnetism as a basis for diagnostic imaging of soft
tissue in the human body. It utilizes a strong DC magnetic to orient the
magnetic fields of atoms with in tisseus, and radio frequency fields to
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manipulate those atoms in a selective way, so that tissues and structures can be
imaged clearly. The resonance referred to in MRI refers to the resonance of
Atomic structures. MRI is not considered to be a method for wireless power
transfer.
TESLAS VISION OF A WIRELSS WORLD
In the late 1800s and early 1900s, at the dawn of the electrification of the
modern world, some scientists and engineers believed that using wires to
transfer electricity from every place it was generated to every place that it could
be used would be too expensive to be practical. Nikola Tesla, one of the most
well-known of these scientists, had a vision for a wireless world in which
wireless electric power and communication would reach around the world,
delivering information and power to ships at sea, factories, and every home on
the planet. Tesla contributed significantly to our understanding of electricity and
electrical systems and is credited with inventing three-phase AC power systems,
induction motors, fluorescent lamps, radio transmission, and various modes of
wireless electric power transfer. Figure7:
Nikola Tesla Wandenclyffe tower built on Longlsland.
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CHAPTER 5 :FEATURES AND BENEFITS
Highly Resonant Strong Coupling Provides High Efficiency Over Distance
WiTricity mode of wireless power transfer is highly efficient over distance
ranging from centimeters to several meters. Efficiency may be defined as the
amount of usable electrical energy that is available to the device being powered,
divided by the amount of energy that is drawn by the WiTricity source. In many
applications, efficiency can exceed 90%. And WiTricity sources only transfer
energy when it is needed. When a WiTricity powered device no longer needs to
capture additional energy, the WiTricity power source will automatically reduce
its power consumption to a power saving idle state.
Energy Transfer via Magnetic Near Field Can Penetrate And Wrap
Around Obstacles
The magnetic near field has several properties that make it an excellent means
of transferring energy in a typical consumer, commercial, or industrial
environment. Most common building and famishing materials, such as wood,
gypsum wall board, plastics, textiles, glass, brick, and concrete are essentially
transparent to magnetic fields-enabling WiTricity technology to efficiently
transfer power through them. In addition, the magnetic near field has the ability
to wrap around many metallic obstacles that might otherwise block the
magnetic fields. WiTricity applications engineering team will work you to
address the materials and environmental factors that may influence wireless
energy transfer in your application.
Scalable Design Enables Solution from mill watts to Kilowatts
WiTricity systems can be designed to handle a broad range of power levels. The
benefits of highly efficient energy transfer over distance can be achieved at
power levels ranging from mill watts to several kilowatts. This enables
WiTricity technology to be used in applications as diverse as powering a
wireless mouse or keyboard to recharging an electric passenger vehicle.
WiTricity technology in a load following mode, transferring only as much
energy as the powered device requires.
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CHAPTER 6: WITRICITY APPLICATIONS
WiTricity wireless power transfer technology can be applied in a wide variety
of applications and environments. The ability of our technology to transfer
power safely, efficiently, and over distance can improve products by making
them more convenient, reliable, and environmentally friendly.
Direct Wireless Power: when all the power a device needs is provided
wirelessly and no batteries are required. This mode is for a device that is always
used with in range of its WiTricity power source.
Automatic Wireless Charging: when a device with rechageble batteries charges
itself while still in use or at rest, without requiring a powe cord or battery
placement. This mode is for a mobile device that may use both in and out of
range of its WiTricity power source.
Consumer Electronics:
1. Automatic wireless charging of mobile electronics in home, car, office
while devices are in use and mobile
2. Direct wireless powering of stationary devices
Industrial:
1. Direct wireless power and communication interconnections across
rotating and moving joints eliminating costly and failure-prone
wiring.
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2. Direct wireless power and communication at points of use in harsh
environments where it is impractical or impossible to run wires.
Figure 9: Industrial application of wireless power transmission
Other applications:
1. Direct wireless power interconnections and automatic wireless
charging for implantable medical devices
2. Automatic wireless charging and for high tech military systems
3. Direct wireless powering and automatic wireless charging of smart
cards.
4. Direct wireless powering, and automatic wireless charging of
consumer appliances, mobile robots, etc
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CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSION
The transmission of power without wires is not a theory or a mere
possibility, it is now a reality. The electrical energy can be
economically transmitted without wires to any terrestrial distance.
Many researchers have established in numerous observations,
experiments and measurements, qualitative and quantitative.
[Link] is the pioneer of this invention. Wireless transmission of
electricity have tremendous merits ligh high transmission integrity and
low loss and can be transmitted to anywhere in the globe and
eliminate the need for an inefficient, costly, and capital intensive grid
of cables, towers, and substations. The system would reduce the cost
of electrical energy used by the consumer and get rid of the landscope
of wires, cables, and transmission towers. It has negligible demerits
like reactive power which was found insignificant and biologically
compatible. It has a tremendous economic impact to human society.
WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION
Department of ECE, GPCET, Kurnool Page 17
CHAPTER 8: REFERENCE
1. [Link]
2. [Link]
3. [Link]
4. [Link]
