KeyMan IPA93 Keyboard
(FindPhone Keying)
M. Hosken and D. Bevan
Version 1.0, 17 July 1996
(Documentation modified by F. Bennett, 3 September 1997
and E. Lunsford, 6 October 1998)1
Introduction
The Tavultesoft Keyboard Manager IPA93 Keyboard enables you to access the characters in the SIL Encore IPA93 fonts
under Microsoft Windows using the popular FindPhone keying system. The keyboard automatically selects the correct
variant of a diacritic (e.g. o-width or i-width, etc.) for a particular base character so that you dont have to worry
about choosing the right one.
Pressing a valid key always produces a character on the screen. Pressing an invalid key causes your computer to beep.
Accessing Base Characters
In the FindPhone keying system, the basic IPA characters are entered by typing a letter, a ? or a ! possibly followed by one
of <, =, or >. Characters whose appearance is similar to a particular letter of the alphabet have a key sequence beginning
with that letter. This makes the key sequences easier to remember. Here is a sample:
KEYS:
n<
n=
n>
N or N=
CHARACTER:
There is some consistency in the assignment of key sequences to characters. For example, all the retroflex consonants
have a key sequence with <, and all the implosive consonants have a key sequence with >.
For specific characters, please refer to the IPA Charts or the Keying Charts.
Using Diacritics
Diacritics that are represented by a superscripted character are entered by typing a ^ after entering the character. For
example, to enter the diacritic for palatalization ( , ), you type j^.
Most other diacritics are entered by typing a punctuation key one or more times. For example, to enter the diacritic for
nasalization ( ), you type ~, and to enter the ejective diacritic ( ), you type ]].
The keyboard requires that if you want a subscript diacritic and a superscript diacritic on the same character, then you
must enter the subscript diacritic first.
The keyboard prevents you from entering more than one subscript diacritic or more than one superscript diacritic on the
same base character since they would overlap and not be readable. If you do want two diacritics in the same place, move
the cursor (e.g. press LEFT then RIGHT) before entering the second one.
When you enter a diacritic, the keyboard automatically chooses either the o-width or the i-width character, depending
on the width of the base character. In the case of the advanced diacritic, it also chooses the lowered version if the base
character descends below the base line.
If you enter a superscript diacritic above a base character with a dot, the dot is removed. If you delete the diacritic by
pressing BKSP the dot is reinstated.
Note: This document does not contain details of the differences between FindPhone's and KeyMan's keying sequences.
Users are urged to consult the KeyMan on-line help files for this information.
Using Diacritical Tone Marks and Tone Letters
Superscript diacritical tone marks are entered by typing @ followed by one or two digits. Tone letters are entered by
typing # followed by one or two digits.
The keyboard requires that you enter a diacritical tone mark on a character only after you have entered any subscript or
superscript diacritics.
When you enter a diacritical tone mark, the keyboard automatically chooses one of the four versions (o-width or iwidth, normal or raised), depending on the width and height of the base character and whether any superscript
diacritics are present.
Keying Order
As mentioned above, elements of a phone must be keyed in the following order:
BASE
CHARACTER
SUBSCRIPT
DIACRITIC
SUPERSCRIPT
DIACRITIC
DIACRITICAL
TONE MARK
FOLLOWING
DIACRITICS
The IPA Charts and Keying Charts
The IPA Charts show the key sequences to the right of the character displayed in standard IPA charts. These should be
useful to linguists. The Keying Charts show the characters arranged according to their key sequences. These should be
more suitable to non-linguists.
IPA Charts
Consonants
Bilabial
R
D
O
Plosive
Nasal
Trill
Labiodental
p
b
m
Flap
f= H
$ b= X
Fricative
Lateral fricative
Approximant
Dental
V
F
P
m>
T
4
6 t= U
f
v & d= \
v=
Lateral approximant
Implosive
Alveolar
b>
<
Palatal
Velar
Uvular
Pharyngeal
Glottal
t< E c M k S q
! ?
d< j= I g ) G
d
n< n= 0 n> N
n
] R
r
_ r<
r>
5 s= s< % c= Z x : x= h> J h
s
< z= z< j< g= R> ?< h<
z
t
l=
l>
r=
l
R<
l<
d>
Other Symbols
Postalveolar Retroflex
w=
Voiceless labial-velar approximant
Voiced labial-velar approximant
h=
Voiced labial-palatal approximant
c<
Voiceless alveolopalatal fricative
z>
Voiced alveolopalatal fricative
H>
Simultaneous 5 and Z
L>
Voiced alveolar lateral flap
h
o
x
}
s
j
L<
j>
w>
L
g>
G>
p=
Bilabial click
!<
Dental click
(Post-)alveolar click
!=
Palatoalveolar click
!>
Alveolar lateral click
Voiced epiglottal plosive
Voiceless epiglottal fricative
Q<
Voiced epiglottal fricative
Vowels
Front
Unrounded
Rounded
Central
Unrounded
[ y
+ i= ; y=
G e 1 o> c1
' e< E<
3 a<
m
C a E>
Close
Near-close
Close-mid
Mid
Open-mid
Near-open
Open
Unrounded
u=
I
E
Back
Rounded
Rounded
u
u<
O>
O<
u>
o<
a= b o=
e=
e>
a>
Diacritics
M*
h^
Aspirated
V
Dental
V9
w^
Labialized
{{
Apical
V,
j^
Palatalized
V
{{{
Laminal
g=^
Velarized
{{{{
Linguo-labial
?<^
Pharyngealized
GA
"
Centralized
n>^, etc.
Nasal release or Prenasalized
G`
""
Mid-centralized
V
l^
Lateral release
Advanced
Nasalized
Retracted
~~
Velarized or Pharyngealized
G
++
Raised
G
__
Lowered
C
~~~
Creaky voiced
1
[[
Rhoticity
G
+++
+ATR
]]
Ejective
G
___
ATR
V^
]]]
No audible release
++++
More rounded
PB
Syllabic
G
____
Less rounded
C
$$
Non-syllabic
#&, @&
Double articulation or Affricate
C
$$$
Creaky voiced
(use #&)
Type 1st letter, then #&, then 2nd letter
P
Voiceless
%%
Voiced
U
%%%
Breathy voiced
MdR
Suprasegmentals
Diacritical Tone Marks
Primary stress
G
@0
Extra-low tone
}}
Secondary stress
G
@1
Low tone
Long
G
@2
Mid tone
::
Half-long
G"
@3
High tone
:::
Extra-long
G
@4
Extra-high tone
"""
Extra-short
G
@13
Rising tone
Syllable break
G@
@31
Falling tone
.<
Minor (foot) group
.=
Major (intonation) group
#==
Linking (absence of a break)
#0
Extra low tone
#<
Downstep
#1
Low tone
#>
Upstep
#2
Mid tone
#<<
Falling intonation
#3
High tone
#>>
Rising intonation
#4
Extra high tone
#04
Rising tone
#40
Falling tone
Non-IPA Characters
Tone Letters
Comma
#02
Low rising tone
Hyphen
#20
Low falling tone
Slash
#42
High falling tone
Left bracket
#24
High rising tone
>
Backslash
Right bracket
TINY
Tiny space
@, " " " "
Angstrom
SPACE
Keying Charts
Basic Key Sequences with <, =, > and ^.
FOLLOWED BY
FOLLOWED BY
KEY
UNMODIFIED
<
>
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
n
o
p
q
r
s
t
u
v
w
x
y
z
!
#
D
E
&
'
K
L
M
N
O
P
S
T
<
TINY
SPACE
KEY
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
?
.
UNMODIFIED
<
>
Diacritical Tone Marks and Tone Letters
Other Diacritics
FOLLOWED BY
REPEATED
KEY(S)
@
@0
@1
@2
@3
@4
#
#0
#2
#4
"
KEY
ONCE
TWICE
THREE
TIMES
FOUR
TIMES
"
$
%
+
_
:
@
[
]
{
}
~
t
i
{
Additional Key Sequences
KEYS
CHARACTER
KEYS
CHARACTER
KEYS
CHARACTER
KEY
CHARACTER
g=^
#<<
#&
n=^
#==
@&
n>^
#>>
?<^
>
