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Hormones Overview for MCAT

The document describes the major endocrine glands and their hormones. It discusses the adrenal cortex which produces aldosterone and cortisol, the adrenal medulla which produces epinephrine and norepinephrine, and the anterior pituitary which produces several hormones including ACTH, FSH, LH, TSH, and prolactin. It also mentions the posterior pituitary, embryo, heart, ovary, pancreas, thyroid, parathyroid, testis, pineal, and thymus glands and their key hormones.

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425 views1 page

Hormones Overview for MCAT

The document describes the major endocrine glands and their hormones. It discusses the adrenal cortex which produces aldosterone and cortisol, the adrenal medulla which produces epinephrine and norepinephrine, and the anterior pituitary which produces several hormones including ACTH, FSH, LH, TSH, and prolactin. It also mentions the posterior pituitary, embryo, heart, ovary, pancreas, thyroid, parathyroid, testis, pineal, and thymus glands and their key hormones.

Uploaded by

rvar839
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

adrenal cortex (steroids)

-aldosterone (mineralcorticoid): raises blood pressure after renin/angiotensis signal


-cortisol (glucocorticoid): after stress, more metabolism and less growth and immunity

adrenal medulla (tyrosine derivatives "catecholamines")
-epinephrine and norepinephrine: fight or flght sympathetic response

anterior pituitary (peptides)
-adrenocoricotropic hormone (ACTH): when stress, signals adrenal cortex to produce glucocorticoids
-FSH: choose a follicle in menstrual cycle; spermatogenesis
-hGH: bone and muscle growth, lipolysis
-LH: ovulation; T & E secretion
-TSH: regulates thyroid gland function
-prolactin: suckling stimulates lactation

posterior pituitary, made in hypothalamus (peptides)
-oxytocin: uterine contractions during birth; milk secretion in lactation
-vasopressin (ADH): homeostasis of BP by regulating water reabs

embryo/placenta (peptide)
-human chorionic peptide (HCG): stimulates corpus luteum to stay alive and produce E&P

heart (peptide)
-atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP): when BP high, vasodilates and less Na reabs

ovary/placenta (steroids)
-estrogen: LH surge in menstrual cycle; female secondary sex characteristics in pregnancy
-progesterone: supports gestation in menstrual cycle, embryogenesis in pregnancy

pancreas (peptides)
-glucagon: increase blood glucose levels
-insulin: decrease blood glucose levels
-somatostatin: inhibits hGH and TSG, inhibits some digestive componants

thyroid (mixed)
-T3/T4 [tyrosine derivatives]: regulate metabolism
-calcitonin [peptide]: less blood Ca

parathyroid (peptide)
-PH: increases blood Ca levels

testis (steroid)
-testosterone: male sex characteristics

pineal (peptide)
-melatonin: unclear in humans

thymus (peptide)
-thymosin: stimulates T lymphocyte development

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