11.

Push-over analysis

Applicable CivilFEM Product: All CivilFEM Products

Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Interactive Time Required: 90 minutes
Discipline: Structural Steel
Analysis Type: Push Over
Element Type Used: Shell 181 and Surf 154
Active Code: Eurocodes 3 and 8
Units System: N, m, s
CivilFEM Features Demonstrated: Units selection, code selection, material
definition, shell definition, push-over
analysis.

Problem Description
Given
The problem consists of an analysis of push over applied to a tank which
contains water.

Geometry: Height= 25 m
Diameter= 12 m

Chapter11 Push-Over Analysis

Push-Over pressures

Water pressures
P_BOT= gh

Material: Fe 360
Element type: Shell 181
Surf 154
Pressures: Push-Over Pressures: Gradient pressure with slope= 40
Watt: Gradient pressure with slope= P_BOT/ H_CYL
(H_CYL= 25 m)
Approach and Assumptions
This is a push-over analysis with 3D elastic elements and elastic material
properties. Model geometry is defined with nodes and elements.
Summary of Steps

Preprocessing
1. Preprocessing
2. Specify title
3. Set code
4. Set units

Chapter11 Push-Over Analysis

5. Define parameters
6. Define materials
7. Define element type
8. Define Shell properties
9. Define Geometry
10. Save the database

Solution
11. Apply displacement constrain
12. Error! No se encuentra el origen de la referencia.s
13. Push-Over Analysis

Interactive Step-by-Step Solution

1. Preprocessing
A typical CivilFEM analysis begins with providing data such as the units
system, active code, materials, element types, section and model geometry
definition.
2. Specify title
Although this step is not required for a CivilFEM analysis, we recommend
that you make it part of all your analysis.
Utility Menu: File Change title
1

Enter the title: Push-over analysis.

OK to define the title and close the dialog box.

1
2

Chapter11 Push-Over Analysis

3. Set code
In CivilFEM you can choose between different codes for checking and
designing. CivilFEM allows you to uphold different active codes
simultaneously, one for concrete calculations another one for steel
calculations and a third one for seismic design. In this example the active
codes are the Eurocodes, which is the default option.
Main Menu: CivilFEM Civil Setup
1

Select Civil Setup

OK to set active code and close the code dialog box

Chapter11 Push-Over Analysis

4. Set units
In CivilFEM you must define a unit system. CivilFEM will need such a system
to perform calculations according to Code. You should maintain it during the
entire design. In this analysis, we will select the International System units,
that is, meters, seconds and Newtons.
Main Menu: CivilFEM Civil Setup
1

Choose Units Library

OK to accept units and close the units dialog box

Chapter11 Push-Over Analysis

5. Define parameters:
D_CYL= 12 Diameter
H_CYL= 25 High
H_WAT= H_CYL
TH_BOT= 10E-3
TH_TOP= 35E-3
P_TOP= 0
P_BOT= 1000*9.8*H_WAT
SLOPE = (P_TOP - P_BOT)/H_CYL
V2= V2= PII*(H_WAT-TH_BOT)*(D_CYL**2-(D_CYL-TH_TOP)**2)/4
Mw = 2175613.

6. Define materials
Material properties definition is performed with the CivilFEM ~CFMP
command. This command automatically defines the ANSYS material
properties (density, Youngs modulus, Poissons ratio and thermal expansion
coefficient) and the CivilFEM material properties necessary for code
checking. In this case we will select Fe 430 steel.
The CivilFEM ~CFMP command allows us to define stress-strain diagrams,
to define safety coefficients, to control the linear or non-linear behavior of the
material and to select the activation time of the material.
Main Menu: CivilFEM Civil Preprocessor Materials
1

Pick new to define a new material

Choose Fe 360 Steel and all the material properties corresponding to Fe430
steel are automatically calculated according to Eurocode 3 (active code)

The Add button must be clicked 2 times to define the materials:

1. Fe 360 for the bottom of the tank.
2. Fe 360 material which density is going to be modified to bear the weight of
the water in mind.
Density= 7850+(Mw/V2)
Mw= mass of water.
V2= volume of water.
V2= PII*(H_WAT-TH_BOT)*((D_CIL-TH_WALL)**2)/4
3. Material 3 with void density for SURF 154 element. Command MP

Chapter11 Push-Over Analysis

Modify for material 2.

Write +(Mw)/V2 for density.

6 Choose bi-linear for type of Analysis Diagram. (It is necessary that the type of
graph is changed of linearly to bilinear for the type of analysis that is going to be
realized).
7

Choose Biso for plasticity key.

Ok

9 Modify material 1. Choose bi-linear for type or Analysis Diagram and Biso for
plasticity key for the material
10
11

Ok.
Write MP,DENS,3,0

Chapter11 Push-Over Analysis

Chapter11 Push-Over Analysis

Chapter11 Push-Over Analysis

Chapter11 Push-Over Analysis

10

10

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11

11

7. Define element type

Checking and designing according to codes is only performed on CivilFEM
supported element types, although you can use any ANSYS element to
define your model, only the CivilFEM supported elements will be checked
according to codes. In the element type menu you can see the CivilFEM
supported beam elements.
We will use Shell 181 and Surf 154
Main Menu: CivilFEM Civil Preprocess Element Types Other
ElementsAdd/ Edit/ Delete.

Add.

Choose Shell181 and Apply.

Choose Surface Effect 154 and Ok.

Click on Options for Surf 154.

5 Choose exclude for midside nodes and Full Area w/tan for Pres vector
orientation.
6

Ok.

Close.

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13

8. Define Shell Properties

Main Menu: CivilFEM Civil Preprocess Shell Vertex

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14

Choose Steel.

Write TH_BOT for thickness.

Choose material 1

Ok.

Chapter11 Push-Over Analysis

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Main Menu: CivilFEM Civil Preprocess Shell Vertex

1

Choose Steel.

Write TH_TOP for thickness.

Choose material 2

Ok.

Exit.

Chapter11 Push-Over Analysis

16

22
33
2

Chapter11 Push-Over Analysis

17

Main Menu: CivilFEM Civil Preprocess Beam & Shell Properties.

CivilFEM command ~BMSHPRO will be used to define ANSYS real
constants.
1

Choose New Shell.

Choose SHELL 181 for Ename

Choose vertex 1

Apply.

Choose vertex 2

Ok.

Exit.

Chapter11 Push-Over Analysis

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Chapter11 Push-Over Analysis

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20

9. Define real constant for surf element

Main Menu: Preprocessor Real Constants Add/Edit/Delete.

1

Add.

Choose Surf 154 and Ok.

Write 0 for Added mass/unit area.

Ok.

Close.

1
2

Chapter11 Push-Over Analysis

21

5
Or:
1

Write R, 3,0.

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10. Define Geometry

Main Menu: Preprocessor ModelingCreateVolumesCylinder
Hollow Cylinder.
1

Write D_CYL/2 for Rad-1 and H_CYL for Depth.

Ok.

Main Menu: Preprocessor ModelingDeleteVolumes Only.

1

Pick All.

Ok.

Chapter11 Push-Over Analysis

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1
1

Utility Menu: Select Entities

2
1

Choose Areas By Location.

Choose Z coordinates.

Write H_CYL for Min,Max.

Ok.

Main Menu: Preprocessor ModelingDeleteAreas Only.

Pick All.

Chapter11 Push-Over Analysis

24

Ok.

Utility Menu: Select Everything

Main Menu: Preprocessor Numering CtrlsCompress Numbers.

Choose Areas.

Ok.

1
2

Utility Menu: Select Entities

Choose Areas By Num Pick.

Chapter11 Push-Over Analysis

25

Ok.

Write 2, 3.

Ok.

4
2

Utility Menu: Select Comp/ AssemblyCreate Component

Write Walls for component name.

Choose Areas.

Ok.

Chapter11 Push-Over Analysis

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1
2
3

Utility Menu: Select Everything

Utility Menu: Select Entities

Choose Areas By Num Pick.

Ok.

Write 1

Ok.

2
2

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27

Utility Menu: Select Comp/ AssemblyCreate Component

Write Bottom for component name.

Choose Areas.

Ok.

1
2
3

Utility Menu: Select Everything

( A regular mesh is obtained after the lines are concatenated).
Utility Menu: Select Entities
1

Select Lines by Location with z=0. (From full)

Ok.
. Utility Menu: Select Entities

Select Lines by Location with y=0, 6. (Reselect)

Ok.
MainMenu:PreprocessorMeshingMeshAreasMapped
ConcatenateLines

Pick All.

Ok.

Commands:
LSEL,S,LOC,Z,0

(Select lines, from full, by location, z= 0)

LPLOT

( Plot lines)

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LSEL,R,LOC,Y,0,6

(Select lines, reselect, by location, Y=6)

LPLOT
LCCAT,ALL

( Concatenate lines)

ALLSEL

6
5
Utility Menu: Select Everything
Concatenate the next lines in the same way.
Comands:

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LSEL,S,LOC,Z,0
LPLOT
LSEL,R,LOC,Y,0,-6
LPLOT
LCCAT,ALL
ALLSEL

LSEL,S,LOC,Z,25
LPLOT
LSEL,R,LOC,Y,0,6
LPLOT
LCCAT,ALL
ALLSEL

LSEL,S,LOC,Z,25
LPLOT
LSEL,R,LOC,Y,0,-6
LPLOT
LCCAT,ALL
ALLSEL

Utility Menu: Select Everything

Utility Menu: Select Comp/AssemblySelec Comp/Assembly
1

Choose by component name.

Ok.

Choose Bottom.

Ok.

Chapter11 Push-Over Analysis

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Main Menu: Preprocessor MeshingMesh Tool.

1

Pick on Set button.

Choose Shell 181 , mat 1 and real constant 1.

Ok.

Choose Areas and Free Tri mesh.

Click on Mesh buttom.

Pick All and Ok.

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1
6

4
6

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Utility Menu: Select Everything

Utility Menu: Select Comp/AssemblySelec Comp/Assembly

Choose by component name.

Ok.

Choose Walls.

Ok.

3
6

4
6

Main Menu: Preprocessor MeshingMesh Tool.

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33

Pick on Set button.

Choose Shell 181 , mat 2 and real constant 2.

Ok.

Choose Areas and mapped cuad mesh.

Click on Mesh buttom.

PIck All.

1
6

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Utility Menu: Select Entities

1

Select nodes attached to Areas, all.

Ok.

Main Menu: Preprocessor MeshingMesh AttributesDefault

Attribs.

Choose Surf 154, material 3 and real constant 3.

Ok.

Chapter11 Push-Over Analysis

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Main Menu: Preprocessor ModelingCreateElementsSurf

/ContactSurf to Surf.

Ok.

Pick All.

Ok.

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3
2

11. Save the database

Before moving to the next step, we will save all we have done so far. The
save operation will save the database to file.db and file.cfdb
Toolbar: CFSAVE
Solution
In this step we will define the analysis type and its options, apply loads and
initiate the finite element solution. A new, static analysis is the default option,
so we will not need to specify analysis type for this problem. Also, there are
no analysis options for this problem.
12. Apply displacement constraints
We will constrain all DOF at the bottom of the tank.
Utility Menu: Select Everything
Utility Menu: Select Comp/AssemblySelec Comp/Assembly
1

Choose by component name.

Ok.

Choose Bottom.

Ok.

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Main Menu: Solution Loads Apply Structural Displacement

On Areas
1

Pick All.

Choose All DOF to be constrained

Ok.

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Utility Menu: Select Everything

13. Apply pressure loads
Push Over pressures:
Utility Menu: Select Entities
1

Select Elements By Attributes and Elem type num.

Write 2 for type of element .

Ok.

Chapter11 Push-Over Analysis

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Main Menu: Preprocessor Loads Define Loads Settings For

Surface LdGradient
1

Choose Pressure.

Write 40 for Slope value.

Choose z direction for Slope direction.

Ok.

1
2
3

Main Menu: Preprocessor Loads Define Loads Apply

StructuralPresureOn Elements.

Write ALL.

Ok.

Choose Constant value.

Write 5 for LKEY.

Write 1225.1 for VAL2 .

Write 1278.6 for VAL3.

Write 0 for VAL4.

Ok.

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3
4

5
6
7

1
2
8

Utility Menu: Select Everything

Main Menu: Preprocessor Load State Write LS File.

Write 1 for the Load Step File.

Ok.

Or: ~CFLSWRT,1

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Main Menu: Preprocessor Loads Define Loads Settings For

Surface LdGradien
1

Choose Pressure.

Write 0 for Slope value.

Choose z direction for Slope direction.

Ok.

1
2
3

Other pressures:
Bottom pressures
Utility Menu: Select Comp/ AssemblyCreate Component
(Select Bottom component)
Utility Menu: Select Entities
(Select elements attached to Areas)
Main Menu: Preprocessor Loads Define Loads Apply
StructuralPresureOn Elements.

Pick All.

Write P_BOT for load pres value.

Ok.

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Utility Menu: Select Everything

Walls pressures:
Utility Menu: Select Comp/ AssemblyCreate Component
(Select Walls component)
Utility Menu: Select Entities
(Select elements attached to Areas)
Main Menu: Preprocessor Loads Define Loads Settings For
Surface LdGradien.

Choose Pressure.

Write SLOPE for Slope value.

Choose z direction for Slope direction.

Ok.

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1
2
3

Main Menu: Preprocessor Loads Define Loads Apply

StructuralPresureOn Elements.

Pick All.

Write P_TOP for load press value.

Ok.

3
1

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Main Menu: Preprocessor Loads Define Loads Settings For

Surface LdGradien

Choose Pressure.

Write 0 for Slope value.

Choose z direction for Slope direction.

Ok.

1
2
3

Main Menu: Preprocessor Loads Define Loads Apply

StructuralInertiaGravityGlobal

Write 9.81 for z component.

Ok.

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14. Push Over Analisys

Main Menu: Seismic Desing Define Spectrum

Write 0.9 for the ground acceleration.

Choose Class A

Choose Elastic.

Choose 1 for Horizontal and Vertical behavior fact.

Choose 210-2 for Damping factor.

Ok.

Chapter11 Push-Over Analysis

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1
2

5
6

Main Menu: Seismic Desing Modal Solution.

Write 50 for Number of modes to be extracted.

Choose Block Lanczos as the Extraction Method.

Ok.

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Main Menu: Seismic Design PushOver Analisys.

Write 163 for Node Number.

Write 1 for Lambda and 50 for SS num.

Choose z for vertical axis.

Push LS File and click on S01 file.

Click on Modal Shape button.

Click on Load Modes button.

Choose the worst direction.

Click on Solve button.

4
2

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Chapter11 Push-Over Analysis

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7
8

Chapter11 Push-Over Analysis

50

ESEL,U,TYPE,,2 to view shell elements without the surf elements.

~RETROFT,LAMBDA,1

Chapter11 Push-Over Analysis

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