Minerals and their Significance to a Human Body

Mineral Elements

Sources

Mineral Elements

Sources

Significance

Effects of deficiency

Significance

Effects of deficiency.

Required for formation of

Calcium(Ca)#

Milk, cereals, Cheese, Green

teeth and Bones , blood

Weak theeth and bones ;

Vegetables.

clotting, function of nerves

retarded body growth.

and muscles
Weak theeth and bones ;
Phosphorus(P)

retarded body growth and

physiology.

Sulphur(S)

Pottassium(K)

Many protiens of food.

Meat, milk, cereals,fruits and
vegetables.

Component of many amino

Distributed protein

acids.

metabolism.

Required for acid-base

balance, water regulation nad
function of nerevs..
Required for acid base

Chlorine(Cl)

Table salt

balance; component of
gastric juice.
Cofactor of many enzymes

Magnesium(Mg)

Cereals, green vegetables.

of glycolysis anda number of

another metabolic reactions
dependent upon ATP

Iron(Fe)

Iodine(I)

Low blood pressure, weak

muscles; risk of paralysis..
Loss of appetite; muscles
cramps
Irregularties of metabolism
principally affecting nervous
functions.

Meat, eggs , cereals, green

Component of haemoglobin

Anaemia, weakness and

vegetables.

and cytochromes.

weak immunity.

Milk, cheese, sea food,

important component of

iodized salt

thyroxine hormone

Micro-Element

Goitre, Cretinism

Fluorine(F)

Zinc(Zn)

Drinking water, tea , sea food

Maintence of bones and

Weak theeth, larger amount

teeth.

causes motting of teeth.

Cereals, Milk, eggs, meat,

Cofactor of digestive and

sea food

many other enzymes

Retarded growth, anaemia,

rough skin, weak immunity
and fertility

Cofactor of cytochrome
Copper(Cu)

Meat, dry fruits , POds ,

Green vegetables, sea food

oxidase [Link]
for iron metabolism and
development of blood vessels

Anaemia,weak blood vessels

and connective tissues

and connective tissues

Manganese(MN)

Dry fruits, cereals,tea fruits

and green vegetables

Cobalt(Co)

MIlk, cheese, meat

Selenium(SE)

Meat, cereals, sea food

Chromium(CR)

Molybdenum(MO)

Cofactor of some enzymes of Irregular growth of bones,

urea synthesis and transfer of

cartilages and connective

phosphate group

tissues

Important component of
vitamin B12

Cofactor of many enzymes; Muscular pain; weakness of

assists vitamin E

Yeast, sea food, meat, some

Important for catabolic

vegetables

metabolism

Cereals, pods, some

vegetables

Vitamin

Chemical Name

Retinol

Anaemia

Cofactor of some enzymes

Properties
General health giving
vitamin, can be stored liver

cardiac muscles
Irregularities of catabolic
meatbolism and ATP
production
Irregular excreation of
nitrogenous waste products

Deficiency disease
Night blindness

For Growth, carbohydrate

B1

Thiamine

metabolism, functioning of

Beri-Beri

heart
B2

Riboflavin

B5

Niacin

For Keeping skin and mouth

healthy
For healthy skin, sound
mental health

Cheilosis
Pellagra

Processing of proteins and

B6

Pyridoxine

B12

Cynacobalamin

for nervous system

Required for formation and
maturation of RBCs

Convulsions in child
Pernicious anaemia

For keeping teeth , gums and

C

Ascorbic Acid

joints healthy .Gets

Scurvy

destroyed on heating
For normal bones and teeth,

Calciferol

Tocopherol

Phylloquinone

can be stored in liver

For normal reproduction ,
removes scars and wrincles
For normal clotting of blood

Different Branches of Science

Branch
Branch

Concerning field
Concerning field

Aeronautics

Science of fligt of airplanes.

Astronomy

Study of heavenly bodies.

Agronomy

Science dealing with crop

plant.

Angiology

Deals with the study of blood

vascular system.

Anthology

Study of flower.

Anthropology

Study of apes and man.

Apiculture

Honey industries (Bee

Keeping).

Araneology

Study of spiders.

Batracology

Study of frogs.

Biochemistry

Deals with the study of

chemical reactions in relation
to life activities.

Biotechnology

Deals with the use of microorganisms in commercial

processes for producing fine
chemicals such as drugs;
vaccines; hormones,etc. on a
large scale.

Cardiology

Study of heart.

Rickets
Sterility
Haemophilia

Craniology

Study of skulls.

Cryptography

Study of secret writing.

Cryogenics

Study concerning with the

application and uses of very
low temperature.

Cytology

Study of cells.

Dermatology

Study of skin.

Ecology

The study of relationship

between organisms and
enviornment.

Entomology

Study of insects.

Etiology

Study of cause of insects.

Eugenics

Study of improvment of human

race by applying laws of
heredity. it is related with
future generations.

Evolution

Deals with the study of origin

of new from old.

Exbiology

Deals with life or possibilities

of life beyond the earth.

Floriculture

Study of flower yeilding plants.

Geology

Study of condition and

structure of the earth

Genetics

Study of heredity and

variations.

Gerontology

study of growing old.

Gynaecology

Study of female reproductive

organs.

Horticulture

Study of garden cultivation.

Haematology

Study of blood.

Hepatology

Study of liver.

Iconography

Teachings by pictures and

models.

Immunology

Science which deals with the

study of resistance of
organisms against infection.

Jurisprudence

Science of law.

Kalology

Study of human beauty.

Lexicography

Compiling of dictionary.

Mycology

Study of fungi.

Myology

Study of muscles.

Nephrology

Study of kidneys.

Neurology

study of nervous system.

Numismatics

Study of coins and medals.

Obstetrics

Branch of medicine dealing

with pregnancy.

Oneirology

Study of dreams.

Ophthalmology

Study of eyes .

Omithology

Study of birds.

Osteology

Study of bones.

Palaeontology

Study of fossils.

Philately

Stamp collecting.

Philology

Study of languages.

Phonetics

Concerning the sounds of a

language.

Physiography

Natural phenomenon.

Pedology

Stydy of soils.

Pathology

Study of disease causing

organisms.

phycology

Study of algae.

Physiology

Science dealing with the study

of functions of various parts of
organisms.

Pisciculture

Study of fish.

Pomology

Study of fruits.

Seismology

Study of earthquakes.

Sericulture

Silk industry(culture of silk

moth and pupa).

Serpentology

Study of snakes.

Telepathy

Communication between two

minds at a distance with the
help of emotions, thoughts and
feelings.

Taxonomy

Study of classification of
organisms.

Virology

Study of virus.

Nobel Prize Winner - 2006

Winner's Name
Winner's Name
Muhammad Yunus
Edmund S. Phelps
Orhan Pamuk

Field

Field
Countr
y

Country

Banglades
h

Peace
Economics
Literature

US
A
Turke
y

Andrew Z. Fire

Medicine

US
A

Craig C. Mello

Medicine

US
A

John C. Mather

Physics

US
A

George F. Smoot

Physics

US
A

Roger D. Kornberg

Chemistry

US
A

Nobel Prize Winner - 2007

Winner's Name
Winner's Name

Field

Field
Countr
y

Al Gore

Peace

US
A

R. K. Pachuri

Peace

Indi
a

Leonid Hurwicz

Economics

US
A

Eric S. Maskin

Economics

US
A

Roger B. Myerson

Economics

US
A

Literature

U
K

Doris Lessing
Mario R. Capecchi

Medicine

US
A

Oliver Smithies

Medicine

US
A

Martin J. Evans

Medicine

Country

K
Albert Fert

Physics

Franc
e

Peter Grunberg

Physics

German
y

Gerhard Ertl

Chemistry

German
y

Nobel Prize Winner - 2008

Winner's Name
Winner's Name

Field

Martti A

Peace

Paul Krugman
Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clezio
Harald zur Hausen

Economics
Literature
Medicine

Field
Countr
y

Country

Finlan
d
US
A
Franc
e
German
y

Francoise Barre-Sinoussi

Medicine

Franc
e

Luc Montagnier

Medicine

Franc
e

Yoichiro Nambu

Physics

US
A

Makoto Kobayashi

Physics

Japa
n

Toshihide Maskawa

Physics

Japa
n

Osamu Shimomura

Chemistry

Japa
n

Martin Chalfie

Chemistry

US
A

Roger Y. Tsien

Chemistry

US
A

Nobel Prize Winner - 2009

Winner's Name

Field

Country

Winner's Name

Countr
y

Field

Elizabeth Blackburn

Medicine

US
A

Carol Greider

Medicine

US
A

Jack Szostak

Medicine

US
A

Charles K. Kao

Physics

US
A

Willard S. Boyle

Physics

US
A

George E. Smith

Physics

US
A

V. Ramakrishnan

Chemistry

U
K

Thomas A. Steitz

Chemistry

US
A

Ada E. Yonath

Chemistry

Israe
l

Barack Obama

US
A

Peace

Herta Muller

German
y

Literature

Elinor Ostrom

Economics

US
A

Oliver E. Williamson

Economics

US
A

Atomic Test

Name of Nuclear
Explosions
Name of Nuclear
Explosions

Country

Yield (Kt)

Year

Country

Yield (Kt)

Year

Trinity

USA

19

194
5

Little Boy

USA

15

194
5

Fat Man

USA

21

194
5

RDS-1

USSR

22

194

9
Hurricane

UK

25

195
2

Ivy Mike

USA

10,400

195
2

Joe 4

USSR

400

195
3

Castle Bravo

USA

15,000

195
4

RDS-37

USSR

1,600

195
5

Grapple X

UK

1800

195
7

Gerboise Bleue

France

70

196
0

Tsar Bomba

USSR

57000

196
1

596

China

22

196
4

Test No. 6

China

3300

196
7

Canopus

France

2600

196
8

Smiling Buddha

India

12

197
4

Pokhran-II

India

60

199
8

Chagai-I

Pakistan

36-40

199
8

2006 North Korea

Nuclear Test

North Korea

less than 1 Kt

200
6

2009 North Korea

Nuclear Test

North Korea

5-15

200
9